WO2020128285A1 - Procédé de reconstruction d'une surface tridimensionnelle par un capteur matriciel ultrasonore - Google Patents
Procédé de reconstruction d'une surface tridimensionnelle par un capteur matriciel ultrasonore Download PDFInfo
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- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01N—INVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
- G01N29/00—Investigating or analysing materials by the use of ultrasonic, sonic or infrasonic waves; Visualisation of the interior of objects by transmitting ultrasonic or sonic waves through the object
- G01N29/04—Analysing solids
- G01N29/06—Visualisation of the interior, e.g. acoustic microscopy
- G01N29/0654—Imaging
- G01N29/069—Defect imaging, localisation and sizing using, e.g. time of flight diffraction [TOFD], synthetic aperture focusing technique [SAFT], Amplituden-Laufzeit-Ortskurven [ALOK] technique
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- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01N—INVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
- G01N29/00—Investigating or analysing materials by the use of ultrasonic, sonic or infrasonic waves; Visualisation of the interior of objects by transmitting ultrasonic or sonic waves through the object
- G01N29/04—Analysing solids
- G01N29/043—Analysing solids in the interior, e.g. by shear waves
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- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01N—INVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
- G01N29/00—Investigating or analysing materials by the use of ultrasonic, sonic or infrasonic waves; Visualisation of the interior of objects by transmitting ultrasonic or sonic waves through the object
- G01N29/04—Analysing solids
- G01N29/06—Visualisation of the interior, e.g. acoustic microscopy
- G01N29/0654—Imaging
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- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01N—INVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
- G01N29/00—Investigating or analysing materials by the use of ultrasonic, sonic or infrasonic waves; Visualisation of the interior of objects by transmitting ultrasonic or sonic waves through the object
- G01N29/04—Analysing solids
- G01N29/11—Analysing solids by measuring attenuation of acoustic waves
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- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01N—INVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
- G01N29/00—Investigating or analysing materials by the use of ultrasonic, sonic or infrasonic waves; Visualisation of the interior of objects by transmitting ultrasonic or sonic waves through the object
- G01N29/22—Details, e.g. general constructional or apparatus details
- G01N29/26—Arrangements for orientation or scanning by relative movement of the head and the sensor
- G01N29/262—Arrangements for orientation or scanning by relative movement of the head and the sensor by electronic orientation or focusing, e.g. with phased arrays
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- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01N—INVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
- G01N29/00—Investigating or analysing materials by the use of ultrasonic, sonic or infrasonic waves; Visualisation of the interior of objects by transmitting ultrasonic or sonic waves through the object
- G01N29/22—Details, e.g. general constructional or apparatus details
- G01N29/26—Arrangements for orientation or scanning by relative movement of the head and the sensor
- G01N29/265—Arrangements for orientation or scanning by relative movement of the head and the sensor by moving the sensor relative to a stationary material
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- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01S—RADIO DIRECTION-FINDING; RADIO NAVIGATION; DETERMINING DISTANCE OR VELOCITY BY USE OF RADIO WAVES; LOCATING OR PRESENCE-DETECTING BY USE OF THE REFLECTION OR RERADIATION OF RADIO WAVES; ANALOGOUS ARRANGEMENTS USING OTHER WAVES
- G01S15/00—Systems using the reflection or reradiation of acoustic waves, e.g. sonar systems
- G01S15/88—Sonar systems specially adapted for specific applications
- G01S15/89—Sonar systems specially adapted for specific applications for mapping or imaging
- G01S15/8906—Short-range imaging systems; Acoustic microscope systems using pulse-echo techniques
- G01S15/8909—Short-range imaging systems; Acoustic microscope systems using pulse-echo techniques using a static transducer configuration
- G01S15/8915—Short-range imaging systems; Acoustic microscope systems using pulse-echo techniques using a static transducer configuration using a transducer array
- G01S15/8925—Short-range imaging systems; Acoustic microscope systems using pulse-echo techniques using a static transducer configuration using a transducer array the array being a two-dimensional transducer configuration, i.e. matrix or orthogonal linear arrays
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- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01S—RADIO DIRECTION-FINDING; RADIO NAVIGATION; DETERMINING DISTANCE OR VELOCITY BY USE OF RADIO WAVES; LOCATING OR PRESENCE-DETECTING BY USE OF THE REFLECTION OR RERADIATION OF RADIO WAVES; ANALOGOUS ARRANGEMENTS USING OTHER WAVES
- G01S15/00—Systems using the reflection or reradiation of acoustic waves, e.g. sonar systems
- G01S15/88—Sonar systems specially adapted for specific applications
- G01S15/89—Sonar systems specially adapted for specific applications for mapping or imaging
- G01S15/8906—Short-range imaging systems; Acoustic microscope systems using pulse-echo techniques
- G01S15/8993—Three dimensional imaging systems
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- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01S—RADIO DIRECTION-FINDING; RADIO NAVIGATION; DETERMINING DISTANCE OR VELOCITY BY USE OF RADIO WAVES; LOCATING OR PRESENCE-DETECTING BY USE OF THE REFLECTION OR RERADIATION OF RADIO WAVES; ANALOGOUS ARRANGEMENTS USING OTHER WAVES
- G01S15/00—Systems using the reflection or reradiation of acoustic waves, e.g. sonar systems
- G01S15/88—Sonar systems specially adapted for specific applications
- G01S15/89—Sonar systems specially adapted for specific applications for mapping or imaging
- G01S15/8906—Short-range imaging systems; Acoustic microscope systems using pulse-echo techniques
- G01S15/8997—Short-range imaging systems; Acoustic microscope systems using pulse-echo techniques using synthetic aperture techniques
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- G—PHYSICS
- G06—COMPUTING; CALCULATING OR COUNTING
- G06T—IMAGE DATA PROCESSING OR GENERATION, IN GENERAL
- G06T11/00—2D [Two Dimensional] image generation
- G06T11/003—Reconstruction from projections, e.g. tomography
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- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01N—INVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
- G01N2291/00—Indexing codes associated with group G01N29/00
- G01N2291/02—Indexing codes associated with the analysed material
- G01N2291/028—Material parameters
- G01N2291/02854—Length, thickness
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- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01N—INVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
- G01N2291/00—Indexing codes associated with group G01N29/00
- G01N2291/04—Wave modes and trajectories
- G01N2291/045—External reflections, e.g. on reflectors
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- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01N—INVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
- G01N2291/00—Indexing codes associated with group G01N29/00
- G01N2291/10—Number of transducers
- G01N2291/106—Number of transducers one or more transducer arrays
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- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01N—INVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
- G01N2291/00—Indexing codes associated with group G01N29/00
- G01N2291/26—Scanned objects
- G01N2291/263—Surfaces
- G01N2291/2632—Surfaces flat
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- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01N—INVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
- G01N2291/00—Indexing codes associated with group G01N29/00
- G01N2291/26—Scanned objects
- G01N2291/263—Surfaces
- G01N2291/2638—Complex surfaces
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- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01N—INVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
- G01N2291/00—Indexing codes associated with group G01N29/00
- G01N2291/26—Scanned objects
- G01N2291/269—Various geometry objects
- G01N2291/2693—Rotor or turbine parts
Definitions
- the invention relates to the field of non-destructive ultrasonic testing. It relates to a method of reconstructing a three-dimensional surface of a part using an ultrasonic matrix sensor.
- the invention applies in particular to the reconstruction of the surface of an industrial part with a view to carrying out a non-destructive test by ultrasound.
- the purpose of non-destructive testing is to detect faults in the industrial part, for example an element of an aircraft turbomachine such as a blade.
- the surface condition of the part to be inspected strongly influences the quality of the examination.
- the use of a matrix sensor makes it possible to reduce the impact of this parameter.
- Such a sensor is in fact capable of applying delay laws to the emission and to the reception of the ultrasonic signals in order to orient the axis of propagation of the ultrasonic beams perpendicular to the surface of the part at the point of impact.
- the amplitude of the reflected ultrasonic signals received by the matrix sensor is then maximum.
- the adaptation of the ultrasonic beam requires precise knowledge of the geometry of the part. Thus, prior to the implementation of a non-destructive test strictly speaking, a determination of the geometry of the surface of the part to be checked is necessary.
- the two-dimensional surface of a part is extracted in real time from a complete matrix acquisition technique, known by the Anglo-Saxon name of "Full Matrix Capture” (FMC), then an ultrasound image of the volume of the piece is reconstructed by a focusing technique in all points, known under the Anglo-Saxon name of "Total Focusing Method” (TFM).
- FMC Full Matrix Capture
- TFM Total Focusing Method
- the ultrasound image represents only the volume located below the surface of the sensor.
- Another solution would be to use a matrix sensor and move it to different measurement positions along two axes of movement.
- An FMC acquisition could be carried out in each position, then a reconstruction by the TFM technique could be carried out from all the FMC acquisitions.
- an FMC acquisition implies, for each measurement position, the individual emission of an ultrasonic signal by each of the elements of the matrix sensor, and the reception of an echo of this ultrasonic signal by all the elements of the matrix sensor .
- each measurement position generates a set of N 2 elementary signals.
- the volume of data to be processed is quickly considerable for a matrix sensor and large areas, making the process incompatible for an industrial application.
- An object of the invention is therefore to propose a technique for reconstructing, using an ultrasonic matrix sensor, a relatively large three-dimensional surface.
- the invention is based on a scanning of the three-dimensional surface with a matrix sensor and a collection of “cross” data at each measurement point.
- the reconstruction method according to the invention comprises the emission of a first incident wave by one or more elements of a line of the matrix sensor, the reflection of this first incident wave, called “first reflected wave ”, being received and converted into time signals by all the elements of this line.
- a second incident wave is also emitted by one or more elements of a column of the matrix sensor, and the reflection of this second incident wave, called “second reflected wave”, is received and converted into time signals by all of the elements. of this column.
- the reconstruction method then comprises the generation of two-dimensional row images in first planes parallel to the rows of elements of the matrix sensor and the generation of two-dimensional column images in second planes parallel to the columns of elements of the matrix sensor.
- Each two-dimensional line image is generated from the time signals corresponding to the foreground considered.
- each two-dimensional column image is generated from the time signals corresponding to the second plane considered.
- a three-dimensional image is constructed by merging the two-dimensional row images and the two-dimensional column images.
- the subject of the invention is a method of reconstructing a three-dimensional surface of a part using a matrix sensor comprising a plurality of elements E (m, ri) arranged in rows and columns , each element being arranged to be able to emit an incident wave in the direction of the workpiece and generate a signal representative of a reflected wave received by said element.
- the process includes the following steps:
- each measurement point being defined by the intersection of a scanning line L it among a set of scanning lines parallel to the lines of elements of the matrix sensor, and an increment line L j , from among a set of increment lines parallel to the columns of elements of the matrix sensor,
- a line time image SLi j (m s , t) comprising the emission of an incident wave by one or more elements of a selected line m s of the matrix sensor and the generation, for each of the elements E (m s , n r ) of the selected line, of a time signal representative of an amplitude over time of a reflected wave received by said element, the line time image SLi j (m s , t ) being formed by the set of time signals of the elements of the selected line m s , and
- each scanning line L it constructs, from the set of temporal images of line SLi j (m s , t) corresponding to said scanning line L it a two-dimensional image of line X t in a plane Pi (m s ) passing through the elements of the selected line m s , each two-dimensional image of line X t being defined by a wave amplitude reflected at different points of the plane Pi (rn s ),
- the elements of the matrix sensor are for example arranged in a plane, the rows and the columns of elements being aligned on straight lines.
- the matrix sensor comprises for example a set of elements arranged in sixteen rows and sixteen columns.
- the sensor comprises a set of elements E (m, ri) arranged in M rows and N columns, with M and N two integers greater than or equal to three.
- the same line and the same column of elements can be selected for the acquisition of the temporal images of lines SLi j (m s , t) and of the images column times SCi j (n s , t).
- a sensor comprising a single line and a single column of elements, for example in cross or in T, could therefore be used.
- a matrix sensor has the advantage of being able to be used both for the reconstruction of the three-dimensional surface of the part and for a subsequent step of non-destructive ultrasonic control of the part.
- the method according to the invention is suitable for the reconstruction of flat surfaces and curved surfaces, including when they have local three-dimensional deformations.
- the scan and increment lines are preferably adapted accordingly.
- the scan lines can be straight lines or curved lines.
- the increment lines can be straight lines or curved lines.
- Each scanning line and / or each increment line forms for example an ellipse, a circle, an ellipse portion or a circle portion.
- the scanning lines can be straight lines parallel to the axis of revolution of the cylindrical surface and the increment lines can be circles centered on the axis of revolution .
- the scanning lines can be circles centered on the axis of revolution of the large radius of curvature and the increment lines can be circles centered on the axis of revolution of the small radius of curvature.
- the scanning lines and / or the increment lines are curved, their parallelism with the elements of the sensor is considered locally at the level of the sensor.
- the scanning is preferably carried out so that the matrix sensor is positioned only once at each measurement point.
- the matrix sensor can thus be moved along each scan line and stopped at each point of intersection with an increment line.
- the position of the matrix sensor can be defined by the position of one of its elements, for example the element at the intersection of the selected row and column.
- the scanning of the three-dimensional surface is carried out with a scanning pitch p t less than a length of a column of elements of the matrix sensor and / or with an increment pitch p j less than a length of a line of matrix sensor elements.
- the scanning step p ⁇ is defined as a distance separating two adjacent scanning lines and the incrementing step Pi is defined as a distance separating two adjacent incrementing lines.
- each acquisition of a line time image SLi j (rn s , t) comprises the emission of an incident wave successively by each of the elements E (m s , n t ) of the selected line m s and the generation, for each pair of elements ⁇ E (rn s , n t ), ⁇ E (m s , n r ) ⁇ of the selected line m s , the element E (m s , n t ) designating the element located at line m s and at column n t having emitted the incident wave and element E (m s , n r ) designating the element located at line m s and at column n r having received the reflected wave, of a time signal SLi j (m s , n t , n r , t) representative of an amplitude over time of a reflected wave received by said element E (m s , n
- each acquisition of a column temporal image SCi j (n s , t) comprises the emission of an incident wave successively by each of the elements E (m t , n s ) of the selected column n s and the generation, for each pair of elements ⁇ E (rn t , n s ), ⁇ E (m r , n s ) ⁇ of the selected column n s , the element E ( m t , n s ) designating the element located at line m t and at column n s having emitted the incident wave and element E (m r , n s ) designating the element located at line m r and to the column n s having received the reflected wave, of a time signal 5 j (m t , m r , n s , t) representative of an amplitude during of the time of a reflected wave received by said element E (
- the acquisitions of the first and second variant embodiments could be qualified as complete matrix acquisitions (FMC) by considering that the sensor consists only of the selected row and column.
- each two-dimensional image of line X t in the plane Pi can comprise an implementation of a focusing process at all points (TFM) and the construction of each two-dimensional image of column Y j in the plane P j (n s ) can comprise an implementation of a focusing process at all points (TFM).
- TFM focusing process at all points
- a focusing process at all points in a plane it is in particular possible to refer to the document Caroline Holmes et al: “Post-processing of the full-matrix of ultrasonic transmit-receive array data for non -destructive evaluation ”, NDT & E International 38, 2005, 701-711.
- each acquisition of a temporal line image SLi j (m s , t) comprises the successive emission of a plurality of incident waves by several elements of the selected line m s , each incident wave being emitted with a predetermined angle of incidence 6 k , and the generation of a time signal SLi j (m s , n r , 0 k , t) for each element E (m s , n r ) of the selected line m s and for each incident wave with the predetermined angle of incidence 6 k , the element E (m s , n r ) designating the element located at line m s and at column n r having received the reflected wave , the line time image SLi j (m s , t) being formed by the set of time signals SLi j (m s , n r , 9 k> of the selected line m s .
- each acquisition of a temporal image of column SCi j (n s , t) comprises the successive emission of a plurality of incident waves by several elements of the selected column n s , each incident wave being emitted with a predetermined angle of incidence 6 k , and the generation of a time signal SCi j ⁇ m r , n s , e k , t ) for each element E (m r , n s ) of the selected line and for each incident wave with the predetermined angle of incidence 6 k , the element E (m r , n s ) designating the element located at the line m r and to column n s having received the reflected wave, the time image of column SCi j (n s , t) being formed by the set of time signals SC ⁇ j (m r , n s , 6 k , t) of the selected column n s .
- the third and fourth alternative embodiments make it possible to generate incident waves with different angles of incidence and focused at different points on reception.
- each two-dimensional image of row X t and the construction of each two-dimensional image of column Y j can comprise an implementation of a plane wave imaging method (PWI).
- PWI plane wave imaging method
- each two-dimensional image of line X t may comprise a detection of contours, so as to determine a profile of the part in the plane Pi (m s ) of said two-dimensional image of line X ir and / or the construction of each image two-dimensional column Y j can comprise a contour detection, so as to determine a profile of the part in the plane P j (n s ) of said two-dimensional image of column Y j .
- the detection of contours is carried out by a thresholding, the wave amplitude reflected at each point of a plane Pi (m s ) or P j (n s ) being set to zero if it is below a predetermined threshold, and unchanged otherwise.
- the predetermined threshold is for example determined as being equal to half of the greatest amplitude of the wave reflected in the plane Pi (m s ) or P j (n s ) considered.
- the reconstruction method according to the invention may include, at each measurement point an acquisition of a plurality of temporal images of lines SLi j (m sk , t) for different selected lines m sk and / or an acquisition of a plurality of temporal images of columns SCi j (n sk , t) for different columns selected n sk .
- a two-dimensional image of line X ik can be constructed for each scanning line j and for each selected line m sk in a plane Pii m sk ) passing through the elements of the selected line m sk .
- a two-dimensional image of column Y jk can be constructed for each increment line L j and for each selected column n sk in a plane P j (n sk ) passing through the elements of the selected column n sk .
- the reconstruction process can include the following steps:
- each measurement point O (i ' ) successively acquire a plurality of line time images SLi j (m sk , t) for different selected lines m sk , each acquisition of a line time image SL ⁇ j (m sk , t) comprising the emission of an incident wave by one or more elements E (m sk , n t ) of the selected line m sk of the matrix sensor and the generation, for each of the elements E ( m sk , n r ) of the selected line m sk , of a temporal signal representative of an amplitude over time of a reflected wave received by said element, each temporal image of line SL ⁇ j (m sk , t ) being formed by the set of time signals of the elements of said selected line m sk ,
- the reconstruction process can also include the following steps:
- each measurement point successively carry out an acquisition of a plurality of temporal images of column SCi j (n sk , t) for different selected columns n sk , each acquisition of a temporal image of column SCi j (n sk , t) comprising the transmission of an incident wave by one or more elements of the selected column n sk of the matrix sensor and the generation, for each of the elements E (m r , n sk ) of the selected column n sk , of a time signal representative of an amplitude over time of a reflected wave received by said element, each column time image SCi j (n sk , t) being formed by the set of time signals of the elements of said selected column n sk ,
- FIG. 1A shows an example of a matrix sensor of which a line is selected for the implementation of the method of reconstruction of a three-dimensional surface of a part according to the invention
- FIG. 1B represents the matrix sensor of FIG. 1A, a column of which is selected for implementing the reconstruction method according to the invention
- FIG. 3A shows an example of scanning a flat surface
- FIG. 3B shows an example of scanning a surface forming a torus portion
- FIG. 5A represents an example of a two-dimensional line image obtained for the surface of FIG. 3B at the level of a scanning line not passing through a local deformation
- FIG. 5B represents an example of a two-dimensional line image obtained for the surface of FIG. 3B at the level of a scanning line passing through a local deformation
- FIG. 6A shows an example of a two-dimensional column image obtained for the surface of Figure 3B at an increment line not passing through local deformation
- FIG. 6B shows an example of a two-dimensional column image obtained for the surface of Figure 3B at an increment line passing through a local deformation
- FIG. 7 shows an example of a three-dimensional image obtained for the surface of Figure 3B from two-dimensional row images and two-dimensional column images;
- FIG. 8 represents an example of an extrapolated three-dimensional image obtained from the three-dimensional image of FIG. 7.
- Figures IA and IB show an example of an ultrasonic matrix sensor 1 suitable for use in the method of reconstructing a three-dimensional surface of a part according to the invention.
- the matrix sensor 1 comprises a set of sixteen rows by sixteen columns of elements E (m, n), with m and n two integers such as 1 ⁇ m ⁇ 16 and 1 ⁇ n ⁇ 16.
- the invention can rely on any ultrasonic matrix sensor comprising a set of M rows by N columns of elements, with M and N two integers greater than or equal to three.
- Each element E (m, ri) of the matrix sensor 1 is arranged to be able to emit an incident signal, in the form of an incident wave, towards a surface of a part to be reconstructed, and to be able to receive a reflected wave and convert it into a signal representative of an amplitude of this wave reflected over time.
- E (rn t , n t ) When the elements are considered during the emission of an incident wave, they are noted E (rn t , n t ), and when they are considered during the reception of a reflected wave, they are noted E (m r , n r ).
- E (rn t , n t ) When the elements are considered during the emission of an incident wave, they are noted E (rn t , n t ), and when they are considered during the reception of a reflected wave, they are noted E (m r , n r ).
- E (m r , n r ) For the
- FIG. 2 represents an example of a method for reconstructing a three-dimensional surface of a part according to the invention.
- the method 10 comprises an iteration of the following steps for different measurement points O (i ' ): a step 11 of displacement of the matrix sensor 1 at the measurement point 0 (i, j) considered, a step 12 of acquisition of a temporal image of line SLi j , a step 13 of construction of a local two-dimensional image of line X tj , a step 14 of acquisition of a temporal image of column SC £ , a step 15 of construction of a local two-dimensional image column Y ij and a step 16 of verifying the completeness of the scan.
- the method comprises a step 17 of construction of two-dimensional images of rows X ir a step 18 of construction of two-dimensional images of column Y j and a step 19 of construction of a three-dimensional image.
- Steps 11 and 16 generate a scanning of the three-dimensional surface with the matrix sensor 1.
- This scanning comprises the displacement of the matrix sensor 1 at each measurement point 0 (i, j) where i denotes a scanning line Li among a set of scan lines parallel to each other, and j denotes an increment line L j from a set of increment lines parallel to each other.
- Each measurement point 0 (i, j) is thus defined as the intersection of a scanning line L £ and an increment line L j .
- the scanning lines L £ and the increment lines L j are preferably adapted to the three-dimensional surface to be reconstructed.
- FIG. 3A represents a first example of scanning of a three-dimensional surface by the matrix sensor 1 in the case of a substantially planar three-dimensional surface 2 and FIG. 3B represents a second example of scanning in the case of a three-dimensional surface 3 forming a portion of a torus.
- the three-dimensional surface 3 includes a locally deformed zone 4 by a recess.
- the movement made by the matrix sensor 1 to pass through the different measurement points 0 (i, j) successively follows the different scanning lines L i, the acquisition steps 12 and 14 being carried out after each movement of the sensor matrix of an increment step p j .
- each scanning line L i the matrix sensor is moved to a following scanning line L i + 1 , the adjacent scanning lines L £ being separated by a scanning step p £ , represented in FIG. 4
- the scanning lines L £ are straight lines parallel to each other and to the lines of elements E (, n) of the matrix sensor 1
- the increment lines L j are straight lines parallel to each other and to the columns of elements E (m, ri) of the matrix sensor 1.
- the scanning lines L £ form portions of a circle centered on the axis of revolution of the large radius of curvature of the torus
- the lines increment L j form portions of a circle centered on the axis of revolution of the small radius of curvature of the torus.
- the scanning lines j can be considered to be parallel to the lines of elements E (m, ri) of the matrix sensor 1 and the increment lines L j can be considered as being parallel to the columns of elements E (m, ri).
- the matrix sensor 1 does not physically follow the increment lines L j during the scanning.
- the matrix sensor 1 being moved with a regular increment step p j along the scanning lines L i it passes through each of the measurement points 0 (i, j) along the increment lines L j .
- the increment step p j shown in FIG. 4, thus defines a distance between two adjacent increment lines.
- Step 12 of acquiring a line time image SLi j for the measurement point 0 (i, j) considered comprises the emission of an incident wave successively by each of the elements E (rn s , n t ) of a selected line m s of the matrix sensor 1, and the generation of a time signal SLi j (m s , n t , n r , t) for each pair of elements ⁇ E (rn s , n t ), ⁇ E (m s , n r ) ⁇ of the selected line m s , the element E (m s , n t ) designating the element located at line m s and in column n t having emitted the incident wave and the element E (m s , n r ) designating the element located at line m s and at column n r having received the reflected wave.
- the signal SLi j (m s , n t , n r , t) represents an amplitude over time t of the reflected wave received by the element E (m s , n r ) and resulting from a reflection of l incident wave emitted by the element E (rn s , n t ).
- the line time image for the measurement point O (i ' ), denoted SLi j (rn s , t) and abbreviated SL ⁇ j , is formed by the set of time signals SLi j (rn s , n t , n r , t) generated for the different pairs of elements ⁇ E (rn s , n t ), ⁇ E (m s , n r ) ⁇ of the selected line m s .
- Step 13 of constructing a local two-dimensional image of line Xi j for the point 0 (i, j) considered comprises determining, from the corresponding time temporal image SLi j (rn s , t), d 'a wave amplitude reflected at different points on a plane Pi (m s ) passing through the elements E (m s , ri) of the selected line m s .
- the plane Pi (m s ) is perpendicular to the columns of the matrix sensor 1.
- the local two-dimensional image of line £ is constructed by a focusing process in all points, also called TFM process according to the English expression “Total Focusing Method”.
- Step 14 of acquiring a temporal image of column SC £ for the measurement point 0 (i, j) considered comprises the emission of an incident wave successively by each of the elements E (m t , n s ) of a selected column n s of the matrix sensor 1, and the generation of a time signal m r , n s , t) for each pair of elements ⁇ E (rn t , n s ), ⁇ E (m r , n s ) ⁇ of the selected column n s , the element E (m t , n s ) designating the element located at line m t and at column n s having emitted the incident wave and element E (m r , n s ) designating the element located at line m r and at column n s having received the reflected wave.
- the signal m r , n s , t) represents an amplitude over time t of the reflected wave received by the element E (m r , n s ) and resulting from a reflection of the incident wave emitted by the element E (rn t , n s ).
- the column time image for the measurement point O (i ' ), denoted SCi j (n s , t) and abbreviated SC £ is formed by all of the time signals m r , n s , t) generated for the different pairs of elements ⁇ E (rn t , n s ), ⁇ E (m r , n s ) ⁇ of the selected column n s .
- Step 15 of constructing a local two-dimensional image of column y £ for the point 0 (i, j) considered comprises determining, from the corresponding temporal image of column SCi j (n s , t), d 'a wave amplitude reflected at different points on a plane P j (n s ) passing through the elements E (m, n s ) of the selected column n s .
- the plane P j (n s ) is perpendicular to the lines of the matrix sensor 1.
- the local two-dimensional image of column Yi j is constructed by a focusing process at all points (TFM).
- Step 12 of acquiring a time temporal image of line 5 £ and step 14 of acquiring a temporal image of column SC £ for a given measurement point 0 (i, j) are carried out successively in order to d '' avoid interference between transmitted waves by the elements of the selected row and those emitted by the elements of the selected column.
- the order of these steps can of course be reversed.
- each step 12 of acquiring a line time image SLi j can comprise the successive emission of a plurality of incident waves by several elements of the selected line m s , each incident wave being emitted with an angle d 'predetermined incidence 6 k , and the generation of a time signal SLi j (m s , n r , e k , t) for each element E (m s , n r ) of the selected line and for each incident wave.
- Incident waves can in particular be emitted with angles of incidence different from each other.
- Line time image for the measurement point also denoted SLi j (m s , t) and abbreviated SLi j , is then formed by the set of time signals SLi j (m s , n r , e k , t) generated for the different pairs of elements E (m s , n r ) of the selected line and incident wave.
- Step 13 of construction of a local two-dimensional image of line X ⁇ ⁇ for the point O (i ' ) is constructed from the corresponding temporal image of line SLi j (rn s , t).
- each step 14 of acquiring a temporal image of column SC £ can comprise the successive emission of a plurality of incident waves by several elements of the selected column n s , each incident wave being emitted with a predetermined angle of incidence 6 k , and the generation of a time signal 5C £ j (m r , n s , 0 k , t) for each element E (m r , n s ) of the selected column and for each wave incident.
- Incident waves can in particular be emitted with angles of incidence different from each other.
- Step 15 of constructing a local two-dimensional image of column V £ for the point O (i ′ ) considered is constructed from the corresponding temporal image of column (n s , t).
- Step 16 of verifying the completeness of the scanning consists in verifying that the matrix sensor has been moved to each measurement point 0 (i, j) and that a local two-dimensional image of row Xi j and a local two-dimensional image of column There were built at each of these points.
- Step 17 of constructing two-dimensional images of lines X t comprises, for each scanning line L i a concatenation of all the local two-dimensional images Xi j of the scanning line j considered.
- Each two-dimensional image of line X t then represents a wave amplitude reflected at different points of the plane P j (m s ) passing through the elements E (m s , ri) of the selected line m s .
- the concatenation is for example carried out by a summation of the wave amplitude reflected at the different points of the plane P j (m s ).
- step 18 of constructing two-dimensional images of column Y j comprises, for each increment line L j a concatenation of the set of local two-dimensional images X tj of the increment line L, ⁇ considered .
- Each two-dimensional image of column Y j then represents a wave amplitude reflected at different points of the plane P j (n s ) passing through the elements E (m, n s ) of the selected column n s .
- the concatenation is for example carried out by a summation of the wave amplitude reflected at the different points of the plane P j (n s ).
- FIG. 4 schematically illustrates the formation of the two-dimensional images of line X t and of column Y j after scanning of the matrix sensor 1 along the different scanning lines j and increment L j .
- the two-dimensional images of line X t represent the amplitude of the reflection of the incident waves in the planes P j (m s ), which constitute planes substantially perpendicular locally to the surface of the part.
- the two-dimensional images of column Y j represent the amplitude of the reflection of the incident waves in the planes P j (n s ), which constitute planes substantially perpendicular locally to the surface of the part and to the planes Pi (rn s ).
- FIGS. 5A and 5B represent two examples of two-dimensional images of line X t obtained for the three-dimensional surface 3 represented in FIG. 3B and forming a portion of a torus. These images are obtained by steps 11 to 18 of the method described above with the use of a focusing method at all points.
- FIG. 5A represents a two-dimensional image of line X t for a scanning line j not passing through the locally deformed area 4
- FIG. 5B represents a two-dimensional image of line X t for a scanning line j passing through the locally deformed area 4.
- FIGS. 6A and 6B represent two examples of two-dimensional images of column Y j obtained for the three-dimensional surface 3. These images are obtained by steps 11 to 18 of the method described above with the use of a focusing method in all points.
- FIG. 6A represents a two-dimensional image of column Y j for an increment line L j not passing through the locally deformed zone 4 and
- FIG. 6B represents a two-dimensional image of column Y j for an increment line L j passing through the locally deformed area 4.
- Step 19 of constructing a three-dimensional image comprises determining, from the set of two-dimensional images of row X t and the set of two-dimensional images of column Y j , a wave amplitude reflected in different points of a volume encompassing the different planes P j (m s ) and P j (n s ) of these two-dimensional images.
- the volume is delimited by the first and last planes P j (m s ) and by the first and last plans P j (n s ).
- the three-dimensional image is formed by these amplitudes of the wave reflected at the different points of the volume.
- the construction of the three-dimensional image consists for example of merging the two-dimensional images of row X t and of column Y j .
- FIG. 7 represents an example of a three-dimensional image obtained for the three-dimensional surface 3 represented in FIG. 3B. It can be observed in this figure that the two-dimensional images of rows X t and the two-dimensional images of column Y j provide additional data for the construction of the three-dimensional image, more specifically at the level of the locally deformed zone 4, for which a absence of reflected wave can be observed for all the elements of a line of the matrix sensor due to an inclination of the three-dimensional surface 3 located under the matrix sensor 1 in a plane not perpendicular to the plane Pi (m s ) passing through this line.
- the reconstruction method according to the invention can also include, following step 19 of construction of the three-dimensional image, a step of extrapolation of this three-dimensional image, in which reflected wave amplitudes are determined for different complementary points. of the volume located between the points of the volume for which a wave amplitude has been determined.
- FIG. 8 represents an example of an extrapolated three-dimensional image obtained from the three-dimensional image of FIG. 7.
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US17/414,230 US20220042951A1 (en) | 2018-12-17 | 2019-12-17 | Method for reconstructing a three-dimensional surface using an ultrasonic matrix sensor |
JP2021534759A JP2022518668A (ja) | 2018-12-17 | 2019-12-17 | 超音波マトリクスセンサを用いた三次元表面の再構成方法 |
CA3123111A CA3123111A1 (fr) | 2018-12-17 | 2019-12-17 | Procede de reconstruction d'une surface tridimensionnelle par un capteur matriciel ultrasonore |
EP19845766.5A EP3877758A1 (fr) | 2018-12-17 | 2019-12-17 | Procédé de reconstruction d'une surface tridimensionnelle par un capteur matriciel ultrasonore |
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FR1873113A FR3090123B1 (fr) | 2018-12-17 | 2018-12-17 | Procédé de reconstruction d’une surface tridimensionnelle par un capteur matriciel ultrasonore |
FR1873113 | 2018-12-17 |
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PCT/FR2019/053100 WO2020128285A1 (fr) | 2018-12-17 | 2019-12-17 | Procédé de reconstruction d'une surface tridimensionnelle par un capteur matriciel ultrasonore |
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EP (1) | EP3877758A1 (fr) |
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Citations (4)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
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WO2014147122A1 (fr) * | 2013-03-22 | 2014-09-25 | Ge Sensing & Inspection Technologies Gmbh | Système d'imagerie et procédé associé |
WO2015075121A1 (fr) | 2013-11-22 | 2015-05-28 | Commissariat A L'energie Atomique Et Aux Energies Alternatives | Procede de reconstruction d'une surface d'une piece |
WO2015183946A1 (fr) * | 2014-05-30 | 2015-12-03 | Fujifilm Dimatix, Inc. | Dispositif transducteur piézoélectrique à structures de lentille |
DE102015210700A1 (de) * | 2015-06-11 | 2016-12-15 | Fraunhofer-Gesellschaft zur Förderung der angewandten Forschung e.V. | Verfahren zur Detektion von Fehlern oder Defekten an Bauteilen unter Einsatz von Ultraschallwandlern |
-
2018
- 2018-12-17 FR FR1873113A patent/FR3090123B1/fr active Active
-
2019
- 2019-12-17 US US17/414,230 patent/US20220042951A1/en active Pending
- 2019-12-17 JP JP2021534759A patent/JP2022518668A/ja active Pending
- 2019-12-17 WO PCT/FR2019/053100 patent/WO2020128285A1/fr unknown
- 2019-12-17 EP EP19845766.5A patent/EP3877758A1/fr not_active Withdrawn
- 2019-12-17 CA CA3123111A patent/CA3123111A1/fr active Pending
Patent Citations (4)
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WO2014147122A1 (fr) * | 2013-03-22 | 2014-09-25 | Ge Sensing & Inspection Technologies Gmbh | Système d'imagerie et procédé associé |
WO2015075121A1 (fr) | 2013-11-22 | 2015-05-28 | Commissariat A L'energie Atomique Et Aux Energies Alternatives | Procede de reconstruction d'une surface d'une piece |
WO2015183946A1 (fr) * | 2014-05-30 | 2015-12-03 | Fujifilm Dimatix, Inc. | Dispositif transducteur piézoélectrique à structures de lentille |
DE102015210700A1 (de) * | 2015-06-11 | 2016-12-15 | Fraunhofer-Gesellschaft zur Förderung der angewandten Forschung e.V. | Verfahren zur Detektion von Fehlern oder Defekten an Bauteilen unter Einsatz von Ultraschallwandlern |
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CAROLINE HOLMES ET AL.: "Post-processing of the full-matrix of ultrasonic transmit-receive array data for non-destructive évaluation", NDT&E INTERNATIONAL, vol. 38, 2005, pages 701 - 711 |
F. LASSERRE ET AL.: "Industrialization of a Large Advanced Ultrasonic Flexible Probe for Non-destructive Testing of Austenitic Steel Pieces with Irregular Surface", JOURNAL OF CIVIL ENGINEERING AND ARCHITECTURE, November 2017 (2017-11-01), pages 933 - 942 |
L. LE JEUNE ET AL.: "Plane Wave Imaging for Ultrasonic Inspection of Irregular Structures with High Frame Rates", AIP CONFÉRENCE PROCEEDINGS, vol. 1706, 2016 |
MOREAU L ET AL: "Ultrasonic imaging algorithms with limited transmission cycles for rapid nondestructive evaluation", IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON ULTRASONICS, FERROELECTRICS AND FREQUENCY CONTROL, IEEE, US, vol. 56, no. 9, 1 September 2009 (2009-09-01), pages 1932 - 1944, XP011283400, ISSN: 0885-3010, DOI: 10.1109/TUFFC.2009.1269 * |
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US20220042951A1 (en) | 2022-02-10 |
FR3090123B1 (fr) | 2021-01-15 |
JP2022518668A (ja) | 2022-03-16 |
EP3877758A1 (fr) | 2021-09-15 |
FR3090123A1 (fr) | 2020-06-19 |
CA3123111A1 (fr) | 2020-06-25 |
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