WO2020127365A1 - Assembly for filling a liquid oxygen tank of a submarine and associated filling method - Google Patents

Assembly for filling a liquid oxygen tank of a submarine and associated filling method Download PDF

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Publication number
WO2020127365A1
WO2020127365A1 PCT/EP2019/085775 EP2019085775W WO2020127365A1 WO 2020127365 A1 WO2020127365 A1 WO 2020127365A1 EP 2019085775 W EP2019085775 W EP 2019085775W WO 2020127365 A1 WO2020127365 A1 WO 2020127365A1
Authority
WO
WIPO (PCT)
Prior art keywords
outlet
tank
inlet
liquid oxygen
introduction
Prior art date
Application number
PCT/EP2019/085775
Other languages
French (fr)
Inventor
Yannick RIO
Caroline SOLEILHAC
Original Assignee
Naval Group
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by Naval Group filed Critical Naval Group
Priority to EP19824307.3A priority Critical patent/EP3899347A1/en
Publication of WO2020127365A1 publication Critical patent/WO2020127365A1/en

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Classifications

    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F17—STORING OR DISTRIBUTING GASES OR LIQUIDS
    • F17C—VESSELS FOR CONTAINING OR STORING COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED OR SOLIDIFIED GASES; FIXED-CAPACITY GAS-HOLDERS; FILLING VESSELS WITH, OR DISCHARGING FROM VESSELS, COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED, OR SOLIDIFIED GASES
    • F17C5/00—Methods or apparatus for filling containers with liquefied, solidified, or compressed gases under pressures
    • F17C5/02—Methods or apparatus for filling containers with liquefied, solidified, or compressed gases under pressures for filling with liquefied gases
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F17—STORING OR DISTRIBUTING GASES OR LIQUIDS
    • F17C—VESSELS FOR CONTAINING OR STORING COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED OR SOLIDIFIED GASES; FIXED-CAPACITY GAS-HOLDERS; FILLING VESSELS WITH, OR DISCHARGING FROM VESSELS, COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED, OR SOLIDIFIED GASES
    • F17C2201/00—Vessel construction, in particular geometry, arrangement or size
    • F17C2201/01—Shape
    • F17C2201/0104—Shape cylindrical
    • F17C2201/0109—Shape cylindrical with exteriorly curved end-piece
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F17—STORING OR DISTRIBUTING GASES OR LIQUIDS
    • F17C—VESSELS FOR CONTAINING OR STORING COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED OR SOLIDIFIED GASES; FIXED-CAPACITY GAS-HOLDERS; FILLING VESSELS WITH, OR DISCHARGING FROM VESSELS, COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED, OR SOLIDIFIED GASES
    • F17C2201/00—Vessel construction, in particular geometry, arrangement or size
    • F17C2201/03—Orientation
    • F17C2201/032—Orientation with substantially vertical main axis
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F17—STORING OR DISTRIBUTING GASES OR LIQUIDS
    • F17C—VESSELS FOR CONTAINING OR STORING COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED OR SOLIDIFIED GASES; FIXED-CAPACITY GAS-HOLDERS; FILLING VESSELS WITH, OR DISCHARGING FROM VESSELS, COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED, OR SOLIDIFIED GASES
    • F17C2201/00—Vessel construction, in particular geometry, arrangement or size
    • F17C2201/05—Size
    • F17C2201/054—Size medium (>1 m3)
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F17—STORING OR DISTRIBUTING GASES OR LIQUIDS
    • F17C—VESSELS FOR CONTAINING OR STORING COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED OR SOLIDIFIED GASES; FIXED-CAPACITY GAS-HOLDERS; FILLING VESSELS WITH, OR DISCHARGING FROM VESSELS, COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED, OR SOLIDIFIED GASES
    • F17C2203/00—Vessel construction, in particular walls or details thereof
    • F17C2203/03—Thermal insulations
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F17—STORING OR DISTRIBUTING GASES OR LIQUIDS
    • F17C—VESSELS FOR CONTAINING OR STORING COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED OR SOLIDIFIED GASES; FIXED-CAPACITY GAS-HOLDERS; FILLING VESSELS WITH, OR DISCHARGING FROM VESSELS, COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED, OR SOLIDIFIED GASES
    • F17C2205/00—Vessel construction, in particular mounting arrangements, attachments or identifications means
    • F17C2205/03—Fluid connections, filters, valves, closure means or other attachments
    • F17C2205/0302—Fittings, valves, filters, or components in connection with the gas storage device
    • F17C2205/0323—Valves
    • F17C2205/0332—Safety valves or pressure relief valves
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F17—STORING OR DISTRIBUTING GASES OR LIQUIDS
    • F17C—VESSELS FOR CONTAINING OR STORING COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED OR SOLIDIFIED GASES; FIXED-CAPACITY GAS-HOLDERS; FILLING VESSELS WITH, OR DISCHARGING FROM VESSELS, COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED, OR SOLIDIFIED GASES
    • F17C2205/00—Vessel construction, in particular mounting arrangements, attachments or identifications means
    • F17C2205/03—Fluid connections, filters, valves, closure means or other attachments
    • F17C2205/0302—Fittings, valves, filters, or components in connection with the gas storage device
    • F17C2205/0352—Pipes
    • F17C2205/0355—Insulation thereof
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F17—STORING OR DISTRIBUTING GASES OR LIQUIDS
    • F17C—VESSELS FOR CONTAINING OR STORING COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED OR SOLIDIFIED GASES; FIXED-CAPACITY GAS-HOLDERS; FILLING VESSELS WITH, OR DISCHARGING FROM VESSELS, COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED, OR SOLIDIFIED GASES
    • F17C2205/00—Vessel construction, in particular mounting arrangements, attachments or identifications means
    • F17C2205/03—Fluid connections, filters, valves, closure means or other attachments
    • F17C2205/0302—Fittings, valves, filters, or components in connection with the gas storage device
    • F17C2205/0352—Pipes
    • F17C2205/0364—Pipes flexible or articulated, e.g. a hose
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F17—STORING OR DISTRIBUTING GASES OR LIQUIDS
    • F17C—VESSELS FOR CONTAINING OR STORING COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED OR SOLIDIFIED GASES; FIXED-CAPACITY GAS-HOLDERS; FILLING VESSELS WITH, OR DISCHARGING FROM VESSELS, COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED, OR SOLIDIFIED GASES
    • F17C2221/00—Handled fluid, in particular type of fluid
    • F17C2221/01—Pure fluids
    • F17C2221/011—Oxygen
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F17—STORING OR DISTRIBUTING GASES OR LIQUIDS
    • F17C—VESSELS FOR CONTAINING OR STORING COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED OR SOLIDIFIED GASES; FIXED-CAPACITY GAS-HOLDERS; FILLING VESSELS WITH, OR DISCHARGING FROM VESSELS, COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED, OR SOLIDIFIED GASES
    • F17C2223/00—Handled fluid before transfer, i.e. state of fluid when stored in the vessel or before transfer from the vessel
    • F17C2223/01—Handled fluid before transfer, i.e. state of fluid when stored in the vessel or before transfer from the vessel characterised by the phase
    • F17C2223/0146—Two-phase
    • F17C2223/0153—Liquefied gas, e.g. LPG, GPL
    • F17C2223/0161—Liquefied gas, e.g. LPG, GPL cryogenic, e.g. LNG, GNL, PLNG
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F17—STORING OR DISTRIBUTING GASES OR LIQUIDS
    • F17C—VESSELS FOR CONTAINING OR STORING COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED OR SOLIDIFIED GASES; FIXED-CAPACITY GAS-HOLDERS; FILLING VESSELS WITH, OR DISCHARGING FROM VESSELS, COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED, OR SOLIDIFIED GASES
    • F17C2223/00—Handled fluid before transfer, i.e. state of fluid when stored in the vessel or before transfer from the vessel
    • F17C2223/03—Handled fluid before transfer, i.e. state of fluid when stored in the vessel or before transfer from the vessel characterised by the pressure level
    • F17C2223/033—Small pressure, e.g. for liquefied gas
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F17—STORING OR DISTRIBUTING GASES OR LIQUIDS
    • F17C—VESSELS FOR CONTAINING OR STORING COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED OR SOLIDIFIED GASES; FIXED-CAPACITY GAS-HOLDERS; FILLING VESSELS WITH, OR DISCHARGING FROM VESSELS, COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED, OR SOLIDIFIED GASES
    • F17C2225/00—Handled fluid after transfer, i.e. state of fluid after transfer from the vessel
    • F17C2225/01—Handled fluid after transfer, i.e. state of fluid after transfer from the vessel characterised by the phase
    • F17C2225/0146—Two-phase
    • F17C2225/0153—Liquefied gas, e.g. LPG, GPL
    • F17C2225/0161—Liquefied gas, e.g. LPG, GPL cryogenic, e.g. LNG, GNL, PLNG
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F17—STORING OR DISTRIBUTING GASES OR LIQUIDS
    • F17C—VESSELS FOR CONTAINING OR STORING COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED OR SOLIDIFIED GASES; FIXED-CAPACITY GAS-HOLDERS; FILLING VESSELS WITH, OR DISCHARGING FROM VESSELS, COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED, OR SOLIDIFIED GASES
    • F17C2225/00—Handled fluid after transfer, i.e. state of fluid after transfer from the vessel
    • F17C2225/03—Handled fluid after transfer, i.e. state of fluid after transfer from the vessel characterised by the pressure level
    • F17C2225/033—Small pressure, e.g. for liquefied gas
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F17—STORING OR DISTRIBUTING GASES OR LIQUIDS
    • F17C—VESSELS FOR CONTAINING OR STORING COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED OR SOLIDIFIED GASES; FIXED-CAPACITY GAS-HOLDERS; FILLING VESSELS WITH, OR DISCHARGING FROM VESSELS, COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED, OR SOLIDIFIED GASES
    • F17C2225/00—Handled fluid after transfer, i.e. state of fluid after transfer from the vessel
    • F17C2225/03—Handled fluid after transfer, i.e. state of fluid after transfer from the vessel characterised by the pressure level
    • F17C2225/035—High pressure, i.e. between 10 and 80 bars
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F17—STORING OR DISTRIBUTING GASES OR LIQUIDS
    • F17C—VESSELS FOR CONTAINING OR STORING COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED OR SOLIDIFIED GASES; FIXED-CAPACITY GAS-HOLDERS; FILLING VESSELS WITH, OR DISCHARGING FROM VESSELS, COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED, OR SOLIDIFIED GASES
    • F17C2227/00—Transfer of fluids, i.e. method or means for transferring the fluid; Heat exchange with the fluid
    • F17C2227/01—Propulsion of the fluid
    • F17C2227/0128—Propulsion of the fluid with pumps or compressors
    • F17C2227/0135—Pumps
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F17—STORING OR DISTRIBUTING GASES OR LIQUIDS
    • F17C—VESSELS FOR CONTAINING OR STORING COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED OR SOLIDIFIED GASES; FIXED-CAPACITY GAS-HOLDERS; FILLING VESSELS WITH, OR DISCHARGING FROM VESSELS, COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED, OR SOLIDIFIED GASES
    • F17C2227/00—Transfer of fluids, i.e. method or means for transferring the fluid; Heat exchange with the fluid
    • F17C2227/01—Propulsion of the fluid
    • F17C2227/0128—Propulsion of the fluid with pumps or compressors
    • F17C2227/0157—Compressors
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F17—STORING OR DISTRIBUTING GASES OR LIQUIDS
    • F17C—VESSELS FOR CONTAINING OR STORING COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED OR SOLIDIFIED GASES; FIXED-CAPACITY GAS-HOLDERS; FILLING VESSELS WITH, OR DISCHARGING FROM VESSELS, COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED, OR SOLIDIFIED GASES
    • F17C2227/00—Transfer of fluids, i.e. method or means for transferring the fluid; Heat exchange with the fluid
    • F17C2227/04—Methods for emptying or filling
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F17—STORING OR DISTRIBUTING GASES OR LIQUIDS
    • F17C—VESSELS FOR CONTAINING OR STORING COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED OR SOLIDIFIED GASES; FIXED-CAPACITY GAS-HOLDERS; FILLING VESSELS WITH, OR DISCHARGING FROM VESSELS, COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED, OR SOLIDIFIED GASES
    • F17C2250/00—Accessories; Control means; Indicating, measuring or monitoring of parameters
    • F17C2250/03—Control means
    • F17C2250/032—Control means using computers
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F17—STORING OR DISTRIBUTING GASES OR LIQUIDS
    • F17C—VESSELS FOR CONTAINING OR STORING COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED OR SOLIDIFIED GASES; FIXED-CAPACITY GAS-HOLDERS; FILLING VESSELS WITH, OR DISCHARGING FROM VESSELS, COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED, OR SOLIDIFIED GASES
    • F17C2250/00—Accessories; Control means; Indicating, measuring or monitoring of parameters
    • F17C2250/03—Control means
    • F17C2250/034—Control means using wireless transmissions
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F17—STORING OR DISTRIBUTING GASES OR LIQUIDS
    • F17C—VESSELS FOR CONTAINING OR STORING COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED OR SOLIDIFIED GASES; FIXED-CAPACITY GAS-HOLDERS; FILLING VESSELS WITH, OR DISCHARGING FROM VESSELS, COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED, OR SOLIDIFIED GASES
    • F17C2250/00—Accessories; Control means; Indicating, measuring or monitoring of parameters
    • F17C2250/04—Indicating or measuring of parameters as input values
    • F17C2250/0404—Parameters indicated or measured
    • F17C2250/0408—Level of content in the vessel
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F17—STORING OR DISTRIBUTING GASES OR LIQUIDS
    • F17C—VESSELS FOR CONTAINING OR STORING COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED OR SOLIDIFIED GASES; FIXED-CAPACITY GAS-HOLDERS; FILLING VESSELS WITH, OR DISCHARGING FROM VESSELS, COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED, OR SOLIDIFIED GASES
    • F17C2250/00—Accessories; Control means; Indicating, measuring or monitoring of parameters
    • F17C2250/04—Indicating or measuring of parameters as input values
    • F17C2250/0404—Parameters indicated or measured
    • F17C2250/043—Pressure
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F17—STORING OR DISTRIBUTING GASES OR LIQUIDS
    • F17C—VESSELS FOR CONTAINING OR STORING COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED OR SOLIDIFIED GASES; FIXED-CAPACITY GAS-HOLDERS; FILLING VESSELS WITH, OR DISCHARGING FROM VESSELS, COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED, OR SOLIDIFIED GASES
    • F17C2250/00—Accessories; Control means; Indicating, measuring or monitoring of parameters
    • F17C2250/07—Actions triggered by measured parameters
    • F17C2250/072—Action when predefined value is reached
    • F17C2250/075—Action when predefined value is reached when full
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F17—STORING OR DISTRIBUTING GASES OR LIQUIDS
    • F17C—VESSELS FOR CONTAINING OR STORING COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED OR SOLIDIFIED GASES; FIXED-CAPACITY GAS-HOLDERS; FILLING VESSELS WITH, OR DISCHARGING FROM VESSELS, COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED, OR SOLIDIFIED GASES
    • F17C2265/00—Effects achieved by gas storage or gas handling
    • F17C2265/06—Fluid distribution
    • F17C2265/065—Fluid distribution for refueling vehicle fuel tanks
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F17—STORING OR DISTRIBUTING GASES OR LIQUIDS
    • F17C—VESSELS FOR CONTAINING OR STORING COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED OR SOLIDIFIED GASES; FIXED-CAPACITY GAS-HOLDERS; FILLING VESSELS WITH, OR DISCHARGING FROM VESSELS, COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED, OR SOLIDIFIED GASES
    • F17C2270/00—Applications
    • F17C2270/01—Applications for fluid transport or storage
    • F17C2270/0102—Applications for fluid transport or storage on or in the water
    • F17C2270/0131—Submarines
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F17—STORING OR DISTRIBUTING GASES OR LIQUIDS
    • F17C—VESSELS FOR CONTAINING OR STORING COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED OR SOLIDIFIED GASES; FIXED-CAPACITY GAS-HOLDERS; FILLING VESSELS WITH, OR DISCHARGING FROM VESSELS, COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED, OR SOLIDIFIED GASES
    • F17C2270/00—Applications
    • F17C2270/01—Applications for fluid transport or storage
    • F17C2270/0165—Applications for fluid transport or storage on the road
    • F17C2270/0168—Applications for fluid transport or storage on the road by vehicles
    • F17C2270/0171—Trucks

Definitions

  • TITLE Set for filling a liquid oxygen tank of a submarine and associated filling process
  • the present invention relates to a method for filling a liquid oxygen tank of a submarine, said tank being disposed inside a hull of a submarine and comprising: a storage enclosure, a liquid oxygen inlet and a gaseous oxygen outlet, said outlet being located in the upper part of the storage enclosure, said method comprising: introducing liquid oxygen into the storage enclosure through an introduction line connected to the inlet of the reservoir, said introduction line comprising an introduction pump; and the evacuation of gaseous oxygen from the storage enclosure by an evacuation line connected to the outlet of the tank.
  • the invention is particularly applicable to submarines equipped with an oxygen supply subsystem, capable of supplying an anaerobic propulsion system (AIP or air-independent propulsion) and / or renewing the breathing air for the occupants of the submarine.
  • AIP anaerobic propulsion system
  • AIP air-independent propulsion
  • the density of liquid oxygen varies slightly depending on its temperature.
  • the submarine tanks are sized for a density corresponding to a reference temperature, of the order of -183 ° C. If the tank is filled at a higher temperature, the density of liquid oxygen will be lower. An insufficient amount of oxygen for the autonomy of the submarine will then be loaded.
  • the invention relates to a filling method of the aforementioned type, in which the evacuation line comprises an evacuation compressor reducing a gaseous oxygen pressure in the upper part of the storage enclosure.
  • the filling process comprises one or more of the following characteristics, taken in isolation or in any technically possible combination:
  • the method comprises beforehand the following steps: connection of the inlet of the reservoir to the introduction line, said introduction line comprising a liquid oxygen reserve and the introduction pump; and connecting the outlet of the tank to the discharge line, said discharge line comprising the discharge compressor and a device for discharging gaseous oxygen;
  • the introduction line further comprises an introduction pipe capable of connecting the introduction pump to the inlet of the tank;
  • the evacuation line further comprises an evacuation pipe capable of connecting the evacuation compressor to the outlet of the tank; and the inlet and outlet pipes pass through the hull of the submarine;
  • the introduction of liquid oxygen and the evacuation of gaseous oxygen comprise the following stages: operation of the pump at a first flow rate, vaporization of the liquid oxygen in contact with the storage enclosure; then as soon as a maximum level of liquid oxygen is detected in the lower part of the storage enclosure, the pump stops; the compressor being in operation at a second non-zero flow during said steps, so as to maintain close to a set value a gaseous oxygen pressure in the upper part of the storage enclosure;
  • the first flow of the pump has a low initial value; and as soon as a minimum level of liquid oxygen is detected in the lower part of the storage enclosure, said first flow rate is increased to a higher value;
  • the process then comprises the following step: as soon as the second flow rate of the compressor decreases below a threshold value, the pump is put back into operation until the maximum level of liquid oxygen is again detected, the pump and the compressor then being stopped.
  • the invention further relates to a filling assembly
  • a filling assembly comprising: a submarine comprising a hull and a liquid oxygen tank disposed inside said hull, said tank comprising: a storage enclosure, an inlet for liquid oxygen and a gaseous oxygen outlet, said outlet being located in the upper part of the storage enclosure; a filling duct comprising: an inlet, an outlet and an introduction pump arranged between the inlet and the outlet, said inlet being able to be connected to a reserve of liquid oxygen; said outlet being able to be connected to the inlet of the submarine's liquid oxygen tank; a degassing pipe comprising: an inlet, an outlet and an exhaust compressor arranged between the inlet and the outlet, said inlet being adapted to be connected to the outlet of the submarine's liquid oxygen tank; and a device for discharging gaseous oxygen, connected to the outlet of the degassing duct; the filling and degassing pipes and the discharge device being arranged outside the submarine; the filling assembly further comprising means for
  • the filling assembly comprises one or more of the following characteristics, taken in isolation or in any technically possible combination:
  • the gaseous oxygen evacuation device of the filling device is a chimney
  • the hull of the submarine comprises at least two crossings, the assembly further comprising: an introduction pipe capable of connecting the introduction pump to the inlet of the tank; and an evacuation pipe able to connect the evacuation compressor to the outlet of the tank; each of said inlet and outlet pipes being configured to be received in a sealed manner in one of the bushings of the hull; and
  • the introduction pump and the discharge compressor are included in the same filling device placed outside the submarine.
  • Figure 1 is a schematic view of a filling assembly according to an embodiment of the invention.
  • Figure 2 is a schematic representation of a method of filling a reservoir of the assembly of Figure 1, according to an embodiment of the invention.
  • FIG. 1 represents an assembly 10 for filling a tank 12 with liquid oxygen of a submarine 14.
  • the assembly 10 comprises in particular: the submarine 14; a filling apparatus 16; a reserve 18 of liquid oxygen; and inlet and outlet lines 20 and 22.
  • the submarine 14, preferably located in water, comprises a hull 24 and the tank 12 of liquid oxygen, disposed inside said hull.
  • the tank 12 is for example part of a subsystem 25 for supplying oxygen to the submarine 14.
  • the tank 12 includes a storage enclosure 26, intended to contain liquid and / or gaseous oxygen.
  • the storage enclosure 26 comprises in particular a thermally insulating wall.
  • the storage enclosure 26 is considered with respect to the vertical direction.
  • the enclosure 26 receives a sheet 28 liquid oxygen located in the lower part of said enclosure; and a layer 30 of gaseous oxygen, situated above the layer of liquid oxygen, ie in the upper part of the enclosure 26.
  • the reservoir 12 further comprises a first 32 and a second 34 level sensors, arranged inside the enclosure 26. Said first 32 and second 34 level sensors, arranged one above the other, are respectively capable of detecting a minimum level V min and a maximum level V max of the sheet 28 of liquid oxygen.
  • the reservoir 12 also comprises a third pressure sensor 35, placed in the upper part of the enclosure 26.
  • the reservoir 12 further comprises an inlet 36 for liquid oxygen and an outlet 38 for gaseous oxygen, located respectively in the lower part and in the upper part of the enclosure 26.
  • the liquid oxygen inlet is located in the upper part of the enclosure, as well as the gaseous oxygen outlet.
  • upper part is meant a part of the enclosure situated above the maximum level V max as detected by the second sensor 34.
  • the hull 24 of the submarine 14 includes a first 40 and a second 42 openings, or hull crossings.
  • said bushings 40, 42 make it possible to connect the tank 12 outside the submarine 14.
  • the filling device 16 is placed outside the submarine 14, preferably on land, or even on a platform located at sea.
  • the filling device 16 is of the cradle or SKID type and comprises members allowing secure filling and degassing of the tank 12.
  • the filling apparatus 16 comprises in particular: a casing 44, a filling duct 46 and a degassing duct 48 situated inside said casing; and an evacuation device 50 located outside of said envelope.
  • the filling device 16 also comprises an electronic control module 51.
  • the filling duct 46 comprises: an inlet 52 and an outlet 54 located on the surface of the casing 44; and an introduction pump 56, disposed between said inlet and said outlet.
  • the introduction pump is assembled to the reserve 18 of liquid oxygen.
  • the degassing duct 48 comprises: an inlet 58 and an outlet 60 situated on the surface of the casing 44; and an exhaust compressor 62 disposed between said inlet and said outlet.
  • the outlet 60 of the degassing conduit 48 leads to the evacuation device 50.
  • said evacuation device 50 is a chimney connected to the casing 44.
  • the electronic module 51 for controlling the device 16 is connected to the introduction pump 56 and to the discharge compressor 62.
  • said electronic module 51 is also connected to the first 32, second 34 and third 35 tank sensors 12 of the submarine 14, advantageously by a wireless link type radio link system.
  • the pump 56 and the compressor 62 have a variable flow rate Di, D 2 , said flow rates being controlled by the electronic module 51.
  • the flow rate D 2 of the compressor 62 is regulated as a function of a pressure P of the layer 30 of gaseous oxygen, measured by the third sensor 35 of the reservoir 12.
  • the reserve 18 of liquid oxygen is connected to the inlet 52 of the filling duct 46 of the device 16.
  • the reserve 18 is mobile, for example received in a truck, so that it can be routed to the site of the filling device 16.
  • said truck also receives a pump intended for the introduction of liquid oxygen into the submarine.
  • the introduction pipe 20 connects the outlet 54 of the filling pipe 46 and the inlet 36 of the tank 12 of the submarine 14.
  • the reserve 18, the filling pipe 46 and the introduction pipe 20 thus form a line 64 introduction of liquid oxygen.
  • the discharge pipe 22 connects the outlet of said tank 12 and the inlet 58 of the degassing pipe 48.
  • the discharge pipe 22, the degassing pipe 48 and the discharge device 50 thus form a discharge line 66 oxygen gas.
  • each of the inlet and outlet pipes 20 comprises a first part 67, internal to the submarine 14, and a second part 68, external to said submarine 14.
  • the first 67 and second 68 parts of each of the conduits 20, 22 are tightly connected at a crossing 40, 42 of the shell 24.
  • the first and second parts of one or each of the conduits are formed by 'a piece.
  • each of the first 67 and second 68 parts of the pipes 20, 22 comprises a flexible and thermally insulated pipe.
  • each of the second parts 68 is a large pipe length, able to connect the submarine 14 in water with the filling device 16 located on land.
  • a method of implementing the assembly 10 described above, for filling the tank 12 of the submarine 14, will now be described. Said method is implemented by a program stored in the electronic module 51 for controlling the filling device 16.
  • the method of filling the reservoir 12 is such that, when the introduction pump 56 is in operation, the discharge compressor 62 also operates, so as to reduce the pressure P of the layer 30 of gaseous oxygen, in the upper part of the storage enclosure 26. Said pressure P is thus brought closer to a reference value Po, close to atmospheric pressure.
  • the pressure P in the gaseous oxygen layer 30 can thus be kept below the saturation pressure of liquid oxygen.
  • the sheet 28 of liquid oxygen therefore partially evaporates and its temperature decreases due to the enthalpy of evaporation. This decrease in temperature makes it possible to increase the density of said sheet 28, therefore to store a greater quantity of liquid oxygen in the tank 12.
  • a filling method 100 is implemented from the assembly 10 described above, the storage enclosure 26 being initially empty, that is to say filled with air. The steps of method 100 are shown in FIG. 2.
  • the introduction pump 56 and the discharge compressor 62 are started.
  • the pump 56 has a low initial flow Di , 0 .
  • the liquid oxygen introduced into the tank 12 at the start of the process evaporates instantly on contact with the walls of the storage enclosure 26, cooling said walls.
  • the gaseous oxygen formed is evacuated by the evacuation compressor 62, which tends to bring the pressure P closer to the set point Po.
  • a layer of liquid oxygen 28 forms in the reservoir 12.
  • the first sensor 32 detects (step 104) that said layer reaches the minimum level V m m of liquid oxygen in part lower of the enclosure 26.
  • the flow rate of the pump 56 is then increased to a higher value Di , i (step 106) in order to accelerate the filling of the enclosure 26 with liquid oxygen.
  • the sheet 28 thus reaches the maximum level V max , detected by the second sensor 34 (step 108).
  • the pump 56 is then stopped (step 110).
  • the operation of the compressor 62 is continued after the pump 56 has stopped. The evaporation and cooling of the liquid oxygen are thus continued. The sheet 28 goes back below the maximum level V max .
  • the flow D 2 of the compressor 62 depends in particular on a difference between the pressure P of the set value Po.
  • said flow D 2 is however limited so that the speed of the gaseous oxygen remains below a value maximum, for security reasons.
  • step 1 12 When the liquid oxygen temperature approaches the desired value, the difference between P and Po decreases and the flow rate D 2 drops below a threshold value D 2, O (step 1 12).
  • the pump 56 is then put back into operation (step 1 14) until the maximum level V max of liquid oxygen is again detected (step 1 16).
  • the pump 56 and the compressor 62 are then stopped (step 1 18).
  • the second parts 68 of the pipes 20, 22 can then be separated from the hull 24 of the submarine 14 thus recharged with liquid oxygen.
  • the assembly and the method described above make it possible to optimize the quantity of liquid oxygen received in the tank 12, which improves the autonomy of the submarine 14.
  • the presence of the discharge compressor 62 also makes it possible to accelerate the filling of the reservoir 12 with respect to natural degassing in the open air.
  • the evacuation device 50 comprises a system allowing recycling of the gaseous oxygen evacuated from the tank 12.

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Abstract

The present invention relates to a method for filling a liquid oxygen tank (12) of a submarine (14), the tank being arranged inside a hull (24) of a submarine and comprising: a storage enclosure (26), an inlet (36) for liquid oxygen and an outlet (38) for gaseous oxygen, the method comprising: introducing liquid oxygen into the storage enclosure via an introduction line (64) connected to the inlet of the tank, the introduction line comprising an introduction pump (56); and discharging gaseous oxygen from the storage enclosure via a discharge line (66) connected to the outlet of the tank. The discharge line comprises a discharge compressor (62) which reduces a gaseous oxygen pressure (P) in the upper portion of the storage enclosure.

Description

TITRE : Ensemble pour le remplissage d’un réservoir d’oxygène liquide d’un sous-marin et procédé de remplissage associé TITLE: Set for filling a liquid oxygen tank of a submarine and associated filling process
La présente invention concerne un procédé de remplissage d’un réservoir d’oxygène liquide d’un sous-marin, ledit réservoir étant disposé à l’intérieur d’une coque d’un sous-marin et comprenant : une enceinte de stockage, une entrée d’oxygène liquide et une sortie d’oxygène gazeux, ladite sortie étant située en partie supérieure de l’enceinte de stockage, ledit procédé comprenant : l’introduction d’oxygène liquide dans l’enceinte de stockage par une ligne d’introduction reliée à l’entrée du réservoir, ladite ligne d’introduction comprenant une pompe d’introduction ; et l’évacuation d’oxygène gazeux de l’enceinte de stockage par une ligne d’évacuation reliée à la sortie du réservoir. The present invention relates to a method for filling a liquid oxygen tank of a submarine, said tank being disposed inside a hull of a submarine and comprising: a storage enclosure, a liquid oxygen inlet and a gaseous oxygen outlet, said outlet being located in the upper part of the storage enclosure, said method comprising: introducing liquid oxygen into the storage enclosure through an introduction line connected to the inlet of the reservoir, said introduction line comprising an introduction pump; and the evacuation of gaseous oxygen from the storage enclosure by an evacuation line connected to the outlet of the tank.
L’invention s’applique particulièrement aux sous-marins équipés d’un sous- système d’alimentation en oxygène, apte à alimenter un système de propulsion anaérobie ( AIP ou air-independent propulsion) et/ou à renouveler l’air respirable pour les occupants du sous-marin. The invention is particularly applicable to submarines equipped with an oxygen supply subsystem, capable of supplying an anaerobic propulsion system (AIP or air-independent propulsion) and / or renewing the breathing air for the occupants of the submarine.
La masse volumique de l’oxygène liquide varie légèrement en fonction de sa température. Les réservoirs de sous-marins sont dimensionnés pour une masse volumique correspondant à une température de référence, de l’ordre de -183 °C. Si le réservoir est rempli à une température plus élevée, la masse volumique de l’oxygène liquide sera plus faible. Une quantité d’oxygène insuffisante pour l’autonomie du sous-marin sera alors embarquée. The density of liquid oxygen varies slightly depending on its temperature. The submarine tanks are sized for a density corresponding to a reference temperature, of the order of -183 ° C. If the tank is filled at a higher temperature, the density of liquid oxygen will be lower. An insufficient amount of oxygen for the autonomy of the submarine will then be loaded.
Afin de résoudre ce problème, l’invention a pour objet un procédé de remplissage du type précité, dans lequel la ligne d’évacuation comprend un compresseur d’évacuation diminuant une pression d’oxygène gazeux en partie supérieure de l’enceinte de stockage. In order to solve this problem, the invention relates to a filling method of the aforementioned type, in which the evacuation line comprises an evacuation compressor reducing a gaseous oxygen pressure in the upper part of the storage enclosure.
Le fait de diminuer la pression d’oxygène gazeux dans le réservoir permet d’évaporer une partie de l’oxygène liquide introduit. L’enthalpie de vaporisation conduit à un refroidissement dudit oxygène liquide jusqu’à la température de référence. Decreasing the pressure of gaseous oxygen in the tank makes it possible to evaporate part of the liquid oxygen introduced. The enthalpy of vaporization leads to cooling of said liquid oxygen to the reference temperature.
Suivant d’autres aspects avantageux de l’invention, le procédé de remplissage comporte l’une ou plusieurs des caractéristiques suivantes, prises isolément ou suivant toutes les combinaisons techniquement possibles : According to other advantageous aspects of the invention, the filling process comprises one or more of the following characteristics, taken in isolation or in any technically possible combination:
- le procédé comprend au préalable les étapes suivantes : raccordement de l’entrée du réservoir à la ligne d’introduction, ladite ligne d’introduction comprenant une réserve d’oxygène liquide et la pompe d’introduction ; et raccordement de la sortie du réservoir à la ligne d’évacuation, ladite ligne d’évacuation comprenant le compresseur d’évacuation et un dispositif d’évacuation d’oxygène gazeux ; - The method comprises beforehand the following steps: connection of the inlet of the reservoir to the introduction line, said introduction line comprising a liquid oxygen reserve and the introduction pump; and connecting the outlet of the tank to the discharge line, said discharge line comprising the discharge compressor and a device for discharging gaseous oxygen;
- la ligne d’introduction comprend en outre une conduite d’introduction apte à relier la pompe d’introduction à l’entrée du réservoir ; la ligne d’évacuation comprend en outre une conduite d’évacuation apte à relier le compresseur d’évacuation à la sortie du réservoir ; et les conduites d’introduction et d’évacuation traversent la coque du sous-marin ; - The introduction line further comprises an introduction pipe capable of connecting the introduction pump to the inlet of the tank; the evacuation line further comprises an evacuation pipe capable of connecting the evacuation compressor to the outlet of the tank; and the inlet and outlet pipes pass through the hull of the submarine;
- l’introduction d’oxygène liquide et l’évacuation d’oxygène gazeux comprennent les étapes suivantes : fonctionnement de la pompe à un premier débit, vaporisation de l’oxygène liquide au contact de l’enceinte de stockage ; puis dès qu’un niveau maximal d’oxygène liquide est détecté en partie inférieure de l’enceinte de stockage, arrêt de la pompe ; le compresseur étant en fonctionnement à un deuxième débit non nul durant lesdites étapes, de sorte à maintenir proche d’une valeur de consigne une pression d’oxygène gazeux en partie supérieure de l’enceinte de stockage ; the introduction of liquid oxygen and the evacuation of gaseous oxygen comprise the following stages: operation of the pump at a first flow rate, vaporization of the liquid oxygen in contact with the storage enclosure; then as soon as a maximum level of liquid oxygen is detected in the lower part of the storage enclosure, the pump stops; the compressor being in operation at a second non-zero flow during said steps, so as to maintain close to a set value a gaseous oxygen pressure in the upper part of the storage enclosure;
- le premier débit de la pompe a une valeur initiale faible ; et dès qu’un niveau minimal d’oxygène liquide est détecté en partie inférieure de l’enceinte de stockage, ledit premier débit est augmenté à une valeur plus élevée ; - the first flow of the pump has a low initial value; and as soon as a minimum level of liquid oxygen is detected in the lower part of the storage enclosure, said first flow rate is increased to a higher value;
- le procédé comprend ensuite l’étape suivante : dès que le deuxième débit du compresseur diminue en-dessous d’une valeur seuil, la pompe est remise en fonctionnement jusqu’à ce que le niveau maximal d’oxygène liquide soit à nouveau détecté, la pompe et le compresseur étant alors arrêtés. the process then comprises the following step: as soon as the second flow rate of the compressor decreases below a threshold value, the pump is put back into operation until the maximum level of liquid oxygen is again detected, the pump and the compressor then being stopped.
L’invention se rapporte en outre à un ensemble de remplissage comprenant : un sous-marin comprenant une coque et un réservoir d’oxygène liquide disposé à l’intérieur de ladite coque, ledit réservoir comprenant : une enceinte de stockage, une entrée d’oxygène liquide et une sortie d’oxygène gazeux, ladite sortie étant située en partie supérieure de l’enceinte de stockage ; un conduit de remplissage comportant : une entrée, une sortie et une pompe d’introduction disposée entre l’entrée et la sortie, ladite entrée étant apte à être reliée à une réserve d’oxygène liquide ; ladite sortie étant apte à être reliée à l’entrée du réservoir d’oxygène liquide du sous-marin ; un conduit de dégazage comportant : une entrée, une sortie et un compresseur d’évacuation disposé entre l’entrée et la sortie, ladite entrée étant apte à être reliée à la sortie du réservoir d’oxygène liquide du sous-marin ; et un dispositif d’évacuation d’oxygène gazeux, relié à la sortie du conduit de dégazage ; les conduits de remplissage et de dégazage et le dispositif d’évacuation étant disposés à l’extérieur du sous-marin ; l’ensemble de remplissage comprenant en outre des moyens de mise en oeuvre d’un procédé de remplissage tel que décrit ci-dessus. The invention further relates to a filling assembly comprising: a submarine comprising a hull and a liquid oxygen tank disposed inside said hull, said tank comprising: a storage enclosure, an inlet for liquid oxygen and a gaseous oxygen outlet, said outlet being located in the upper part of the storage enclosure; a filling duct comprising: an inlet, an outlet and an introduction pump arranged between the inlet and the outlet, said inlet being able to be connected to a reserve of liquid oxygen; said outlet being able to be connected to the inlet of the submarine's liquid oxygen tank; a degassing pipe comprising: an inlet, an outlet and an exhaust compressor arranged between the inlet and the outlet, said inlet being adapted to be connected to the outlet of the submarine's liquid oxygen tank; and a device for discharging gaseous oxygen, connected to the outlet of the degassing duct; the filling and degassing pipes and the discharge device being arranged outside the submarine; the filling assembly further comprising means for implementing a filling method as described above.
Suivant d’autres aspects avantageux de l’invention, l’ensemble de remplissage comporte l’une ou plusieurs des caractéristiques suivantes, prises isolément ou suivant toutes les combinaisons techniquement possibles : According to other advantageous aspects of the invention, the filling assembly comprises one or more of the following characteristics, taken in isolation or in any technically possible combination:
- le dispositif d’évacuation d’oxygène gazeux de l’appareil de remplissage est une cheminée ; - the gaseous oxygen evacuation device of the filling device is a chimney;
- la coque du sous-marin comprend au moins deux traversées, l’ensemble comprenant en outre : une conduite d’introduction apte à relier la pompe d’introduction à l’entrée du réservoir ; et une conduite d’évacuation apte à relier le compresseur d’évacuation à la sortie du réservoir ; chacune desdites conduites d’introduction et d’évacuation étant configurée pour être reçue de manière étanche dans l’une des traversées de la coque ; et - The hull of the submarine comprises at least two crossings, the assembly further comprising: an introduction pipe capable of connecting the introduction pump to the inlet of the tank; and an evacuation pipe able to connect the evacuation compressor to the outlet of the tank; each of said inlet and outlet pipes being configured to be received in a sealed manner in one of the bushings of the hull; and
- la pompe d’introduction et le compresseur d’évacuation sont inclus dans un même appareil de remplissage disposé à l’extérieur du sous-marin. - the introduction pump and the discharge compressor are included in the same filling device placed outside the submarine.
L’invention sera mieux comprise à la lecture de la description qui va suivre, donnée uniquement à titre d’exemple non limitatif et faite en se référant aux dessins sur lesquels : The invention will be better understood on reading the description which follows, given solely by way of nonlimiting example and made with reference to the drawings in which:
- [Fig 1] la figure 1 est une vue schématique d’un ensemble de remplissage selon un mode de réalisation de l’invention ; et - [Fig 1] Figure 1 is a schematic view of a filling assembly according to an embodiment of the invention; and
- [Fig 2] la figure 2 est une représentation schématique d’un procédé de remplissage d’un réservoir de l’ensemble de la figure 1 , selon un mode de réalisation de l’invention. - [Fig 2] Figure 2 is a schematic representation of a method of filling a reservoir of the assembly of Figure 1, according to an embodiment of the invention.
La figure 1 représente un ensemble 10 pour le remplissage d’un réservoir 12 d’oxygène liquide d’un sous-marin 14. L’ensemble 10 comprend notamment : le sous-marin 14 ; un appareil 16 de remplissage ; une réserve 18 d’oxygène liquide ; et des conduites d’introduction 20 et d’évacuation 22. FIG. 1 represents an assembly 10 for filling a tank 12 with liquid oxygen of a submarine 14. The assembly 10 comprises in particular: the submarine 14; a filling apparatus 16; a reserve 18 of liquid oxygen; and inlet and outlet lines 20 and 22.
Le sous-marin 14, préférentiellement situé en eau, comprend une coque 24 et le réservoir 12 d’oxygène liquide, disposé à l’intérieur de ladite coque. Le réservoir 12 fait par exemple partie d’un sous-système 25 d’alimentation en oxygène du sous- marin 14. The submarine 14, preferably located in water, comprises a hull 24 and the tank 12 of liquid oxygen, disposed inside said hull. The tank 12 is for example part of a subsystem 25 for supplying oxygen to the submarine 14.
Le réservoir 12 comprend une enceinte de stockage 26, destinée à contenir de l’oxygène liquide et/ou gazeux. L’enceinte de stockage 26 comporte notamment une paroi thermiquement isolante. The tank 12 includes a storage enclosure 26, intended to contain liquid and / or gaseous oxygen. The storage enclosure 26 comprises in particular a thermally insulating wall.
L’enceinte de stockage 26 est considérée par rapport à la direction verticale. Dans le mode de réalisation représenté, l’enceinte 26 reçoit une nappe 28 d’oxygène liquide située en partie inférieure de ladite enceinte ; et une couche 30 d’oxygène gazeux, située au-dessus de la nappe d’oxygène liquide, soit en partie supérieure de l’enceinte 26. The storage enclosure 26 is considered with respect to the vertical direction. In the embodiment shown, the enclosure 26 receives a sheet 28 liquid oxygen located in the lower part of said enclosure; and a layer 30 of gaseous oxygen, situated above the layer of liquid oxygen, ie in the upper part of the enclosure 26.
Le réservoir 12 comprend en outre un premier 32 et un deuxième 34 capteurs de niveau, disposés à l’intérieur de l’enceinte 26. Lesdits premier 32 et deuxième 34 capteurs de niveau, disposés l’un au-dessus de l’autre, sont respectivement aptes à détecter un niveau minimal Vmin et un niveau maximal Vmax de la nappe 28 d’oxygène liquide. The reservoir 12 further comprises a first 32 and a second 34 level sensors, arranged inside the enclosure 26. Said first 32 and second 34 level sensors, arranged one above the other, are respectively capable of detecting a minimum level V min and a maximum level V max of the sheet 28 of liquid oxygen.
Le réservoir 12 comprend en outre un troisième capteur 35 de pression, disposé en partie supérieur de l’enceinte 26. The reservoir 12 also comprises a third pressure sensor 35, placed in the upper part of the enclosure 26.
Le réservoir 12 comprend en outre une entrée 36 d’oxygène liquide et une sortie 38 d’oxygène gazeux, respectivement situées en partie inférieure et en partie supérieure de l’enceinte 26. En variante non représentée, l’entrée d’oxygène liquide est située en partie supérieure de l’enceinte, de même que la sortie d’oxygène gazeux. Par « partie supérieure », on entend une partie de l’enceinte située au- dessus du niveau maximal Vmaxtel que détecté par le deuxième capteur 34. The reservoir 12 further comprises an inlet 36 for liquid oxygen and an outlet 38 for gaseous oxygen, located respectively in the lower part and in the upper part of the enclosure 26. In a variant not shown, the liquid oxygen inlet is located in the upper part of the enclosure, as well as the gaseous oxygen outlet. By “upper part” is meant a part of the enclosure situated above the maximum level V max as detected by the second sensor 34.
Par ailleurs, la coque 24 du sous-marin 14 comprend une première 40 et une deuxième 42 ouvertures, ou traversées de coque. Comme il sera détaillé par la suite, lesdites traversées 40, 42 permettent de relier le réservoir 12 à l’extérieur du sous-marin 14. Furthermore, the hull 24 of the submarine 14 includes a first 40 and a second 42 openings, or hull crossings. As will be detailed later, said bushings 40, 42 make it possible to connect the tank 12 outside the submarine 14.
L’appareil de remplissage 16 est disposé à l’extérieur du sous-marin 14, de préférence sur la terre ferme, ou encore sur une plate-forme située en mer. L’appareil de remplissage 16 est de type berceau ou SKID et comprend des organes permettant le remplissage et le dégazage sécurisés du réservoir 12. The filling device 16 is placed outside the submarine 14, preferably on land, or even on a platform located at sea. The filling device 16 is of the cradle or SKID type and comprises members allowing secure filling and degassing of the tank 12.
L’appareil de remplissage 16 comprend notamment : une enveloppe 44, un conduit de remplissage 46 et un conduit de dégazage 48 situés à l’intérieur de ladite enveloppe ; et un dispositif d’évacuation 50 situé à l’extérieur de ladite enveloppe. L’appareil de remplissage 16 comprend en outre un module électronique de commande 51. The filling apparatus 16 comprises in particular: a casing 44, a filling duct 46 and a degassing duct 48 situated inside said casing; and an evacuation device 50 located outside of said envelope. The filling device 16 also comprises an electronic control module 51.
Le conduit de remplissage 46 comporte : une entrée 52 et une sortie 54 situées en surface de l’enveloppe 44 ; et une pompe d’introduction 56, disposée entre ladite entrée et ladite sortie. En variante non représentée, la pompe d’introduction est assemblée à la réserve 18 d’oxygène liquide. The filling duct 46 comprises: an inlet 52 and an outlet 54 located on the surface of the casing 44; and an introduction pump 56, disposed between said inlet and said outlet. In a variant not shown, the introduction pump is assembled to the reserve 18 of liquid oxygen.
Le conduit de dégazage 48 comporte : une entrée 58 et une sortie 60 situées en surface de l’enveloppe 44 ; et un compresseur d’évacuation 62 disposé entre ladite entrée et ladite sortie. La sortie 60 du conduit de dégazage 48 débouche sur le dispositif d’évacuation 50. Dans le mode de réalisation représenté, ledit dispositif d’évacuation 50 est une cheminée raccordée à l’enveloppe 44. The degassing duct 48 comprises: an inlet 58 and an outlet 60 situated on the surface of the casing 44; and an exhaust compressor 62 disposed between said inlet and said outlet. The outlet 60 of the degassing conduit 48 leads to the evacuation device 50. In the embodiment shown, said evacuation device 50 is a chimney connected to the casing 44.
Le module électronique 51 de commande de l’appareil 16 est relié à la pompe d’introduction 56 et au compresseur d’évacuation 62. De préférence, ledit module électronique 51 est également relié aux premier 32, deuxième 34 et troisième 35 capteurs du réservoir 12 du sous-marin 14, avantageusement par un système de liaison sans fil de type liaison radio. The electronic module 51 for controlling the device 16 is connected to the introduction pump 56 and to the discharge compressor 62. Preferably, said electronic module 51 is also connected to the first 32, second 34 and third 35 tank sensors 12 of the submarine 14, advantageously by a wireless link type radio link system.
De préférence, la pompe 56 et le compresseur 62 sont à débit Di, D2 variable, lesdits débits étant contrôlés par le module électronique 51 . De préférence, le débit D2 du compresseur 62 est régulé en fonction d’une pression P de la couche 30 d’oxygène gazeux, mesurée par le troisième capteur 35 du réservoir 12. Preferably, the pump 56 and the compressor 62 have a variable flow rate Di, D 2 , said flow rates being controlled by the electronic module 51. Preferably, the flow rate D 2 of the compressor 62 is regulated as a function of a pressure P of the layer 30 of gaseous oxygen, measured by the third sensor 35 of the reservoir 12.
La réserve 18 d’oxygène liquide est reliée à l’entrée 52 du conduit de remplissage 46 de l’appareil 16. Dans le mode de réalisation représentée, la réserve 18 est mobile, par exemple reçue dans un camion, de manière à pouvoir être acheminée sur le site de l’appareil de remplissage 16. En variante non représentée, comme indiqué ci-dessus, ledit camion reçoit également une pompe destinée à l’introduction d’oxygène liquide dans le sous-marin. The reserve 18 of liquid oxygen is connected to the inlet 52 of the filling duct 46 of the device 16. In the embodiment shown, the reserve 18 is mobile, for example received in a truck, so that it can be routed to the site of the filling device 16. In a variant not shown, as indicated above, said truck also receives a pump intended for the introduction of liquid oxygen into the submarine.
La conduite d’introduction 20 relie la sortie 54 du conduit de remplissage 46 et l’entrée 36 du réservoir 12 du sous-marin 14. La réserve 18, le conduit de remplissage 46 et la conduite d’introduction 20 forment ainsi une ligne 64 d’introduction d’oxygène liquide. The introduction pipe 20 connects the outlet 54 of the filling pipe 46 and the inlet 36 of the tank 12 of the submarine 14. The reserve 18, the filling pipe 46 and the introduction pipe 20 thus form a line 64 introduction of liquid oxygen.
La conduite d’évacuation 22 relie la sortie dudit réservoir 12 et l’entrée 58 du conduit de dégazage 48. La conduite d’évacuation 22, le conduit de dégazage 48 et le dispositif d’évacuation 50 forment ainsi une ligne 66 d’évacuation d’oxygène gazeux. The discharge pipe 22 connects the outlet of said tank 12 and the inlet 58 of the degassing pipe 48. The discharge pipe 22, the degassing pipe 48 and the discharge device 50 thus form a discharge line 66 oxygen gas.
Dans le mode de réalisation représenté, chacune des conduites d’introduction 20 et d’évacuation 22 comprend une première partie 67, interne au sous-marin 14, et une deuxième partie 68, externe audit sous-marin 14. Les première 67 et deuxième 68 parties de chacune des conduites 20, 22 sont raccordées de manière étanche au niveau d’une traversée 40, 42 de la coque 24. En variante non représentée, les première et deuxième parties de l’une ou de chacune des conduites sont formées d’une pièce. In the embodiment shown, each of the inlet and outlet pipes 20 comprises a first part 67, internal to the submarine 14, and a second part 68, external to said submarine 14. The first 67 and second 68 parts of each of the conduits 20, 22 are tightly connected at a crossing 40, 42 of the shell 24. In a variant not shown, the first and second parts of one or each of the conduits are formed by 'a piece.
De préférence, chacune des première 67 et deuxième 68 parties des conduites 20, 22 comporte une canalisation flexible et isolée thermiquement. De préférence, chacune des deuxièmes parties 68 est une canalisation de grande longueur, apte à relier le sous-marin 14 en eau avec l’appareil de remplissage 16 situé à terre. Preferably, each of the first 67 and second 68 parts of the pipes 20, 22 comprises a flexible and thermally insulated pipe. Preferably, each of the second parts 68 is a large pipe length, able to connect the submarine 14 in water with the filling device 16 located on land.
Un procédé de mise en oeuvre de l’ensemble 10 décrit ci-dessus, pour le remplissage du réservoir 12 du sous-marin 14, va maintenant être décrit. Ledit procédé est mis en oeuvre par un programme mémorisé dans le module électronique 51 de commande de l’appareil de remplissage 16. A method of implementing the assembly 10 described above, for filling the tank 12 of the submarine 14, will now be described. Said method is implemented by a program stored in the electronic module 51 for controlling the filling device 16.
D’une manière générale, le procédé de remplissage du réservoir 12 est tel que, lorsque la pompe d’introduction 56 est en fonctionnement, le compresseur d’évacuation 62 fonctionne également, de manière à diminuer la pression P de la couche 30 d’oxygène gazeux, en partie supérieure de l’enceinte de stockage 26. Ladite pression P est ainsi rapprochée d’une valeur de consigne Po, proche de la pression atmosphérique. In general, the method of filling the reservoir 12 is such that, when the introduction pump 56 is in operation, the discharge compressor 62 also operates, so as to reduce the pressure P of the layer 30 of gaseous oxygen, in the upper part of the storage enclosure 26. Said pressure P is thus brought closer to a reference value Po, close to atmospheric pressure.
La pression P dans la couche 30 d’oxygène gazeux peut ainsi être maintenue en-dessous de la pression de saturation de l’oxygène liquide. La nappe 28 d’oxygène liquide s’évapore donc partiellement et sa température diminue en raison de l’enthalpie d’évaporation. Cette diminution de la température permet d’augmenter la masse volumique de ladite nappe 28, donc de stocker une plus grande quantité d’oxygène liquide dans le réservoir 12. The pressure P in the gaseous oxygen layer 30 can thus be kept below the saturation pressure of liquid oxygen. The sheet 28 of liquid oxygen therefore partially evaporates and its temperature decreases due to the enthalpy of evaporation. This decrease in temperature makes it possible to increase the density of said sheet 28, therefore to store a greater quantity of liquid oxygen in the tank 12.
Selon un mode de réalisation, un procédé 100 de remplissage est mis en oeuvre à partir de l’ensemble 10 décrit ci-dessus, l’enceinte de stockage 26 étant initialement vide, c’est-à-dire remplie d’air. Les étapes du procédé 100 sont représentées sur la figure 2. According to one embodiment, a filling method 100 is implemented from the assembly 10 described above, the storage enclosure 26 being initially empty, that is to say filled with air. The steps of method 100 are shown in FIG. 2.
Tout d’abord (étape 102), la pompe d’introduction 56 et le compresseur d’évacuation 62 sont mis en route. De préférence, la pompe 56 a un débit initial Di,0 faible. En effet, l’oxygène liquide introduit dans le réservoir 12 au début du procédé s’évapore instantanément au contact des parois de l’enceinte de stockage 26, refroidissant lesdites parois. L’oxygène gazeux formé est évacué par le compresseur d’évacuation 62, qui tend à rapprocher la pression P de la valeur de consigne Po. First of all (step 102), the introduction pump 56 and the discharge compressor 62 are started. Preferably, the pump 56 has a low initial flow Di , 0 . In fact, the liquid oxygen introduced into the tank 12 at the start of the process evaporates instantly on contact with the walls of the storage enclosure 26, cooling said walls. The gaseous oxygen formed is evacuated by the evacuation compressor 62, which tends to bring the pressure P closer to the set point Po.
Après refroidissement de l’enceinte de stockage 26, une nappe 28 d’oxygène liquide se forme dans le réservoir 12. Le premier capteur 32 détecte alors (étape 104) que ladite nappe atteint le niveau minimal Vmm d’oxygène liquide en partie inférieure de l’enceinte 26. De préférence, le débit de la pompe 56 est alors augmenté à une valeur plus élevée Di,i (étape 106) afin d’accélérer le remplissage de l’enceinte 26 en oxygène liquide. La nappe 28 atteint ainsi le niveau maximal Vmax, détecté par le deuxième capteur 34 (étape 108). La pompe 56 est alors arrêtée (étape 1 10). After the storage enclosure 26 has cooled, a layer of liquid oxygen 28 forms in the reservoir 12. The first sensor 32 then detects (step 104) that said layer reaches the minimum level V m m of liquid oxygen in part lower of the enclosure 26. Preferably, the flow rate of the pump 56 is then increased to a higher value Di , i (step 106) in order to accelerate the filling of the enclosure 26 with liquid oxygen. The sheet 28 thus reaches the maximum level V max , detected by the second sensor 34 (step 108). The pump 56 is then stopped (step 110).
Le fonctionnement du compresseur 62 est poursuivi après l’arrêt de la pompe 56. L’évaporation et le refroidissement de l’oxygène liquide sont ainsi poursuivis. La nappe 28 repasse en-dessous du niveau maximal Vmax. The operation of the compressor 62 is continued after the pump 56 has stopped. The evaporation and cooling of the liquid oxygen are thus continued. The sheet 28 goes back below the maximum level V max .
Le débit D2 du compresseur 62 dépend notamment d’un écart entre la pression P de la valeur de consigne Po. De préférence, ledit débit D2 est cependant limité afin que la vitesse de l’oxygène gazeux reste en dessous d’une valeur maximale, pour des raisons de sécurité. The flow D 2 of the compressor 62 depends in particular on a difference between the pressure P of the set value Po. Preferably, said flow D 2 is however limited so that the speed of the gaseous oxygen remains below a value maximum, for security reasons.
Lorsque la température de l’oxygène liquide se rapproche de la valeur souhaitée, l’écart entre P et Po diminue et le débit D2 passe en-dessous d’une valeur seuil D2,O (étape 1 12). La pompe 56 est alors remise en fonctionnement (étape 1 14) jusqu’à ce que le niveau maximal Vmax d’oxygène liquide soit à nouveau détecté (étape 1 16). La pompe 56 et le compresseur 62 sont alors arrêtés (étape 1 18). When the liquid oxygen temperature approaches the desired value, the difference between P and Po decreases and the flow rate D 2 drops below a threshold value D 2, O (step 1 12). The pump 56 is then put back into operation (step 1 14) until the maximum level V max of liquid oxygen is again detected (step 1 16). The pump 56 and the compressor 62 are then stopped (step 1 18).
Les deuxièmes parties 68 des conduites 20, 22 peuvent alors être dissociées de la coque 24 du sous-marin 14 ainsi rechargé en oxygène liquide. The second parts 68 of the pipes 20, 22 can then be separated from the hull 24 of the submarine 14 thus recharged with liquid oxygen.
L’ensemble et le procédé décrits ci-dessus permettent d’optimiser la quantité d’oxygène liquide reçue dans le réservoir 12, ce qui améliore l’autonomie du sous- marin 14. La présence du compresseur d’évacuation 62 permet également d’accélérer le remplissage du réservoir 12 par rapport à un dégazage naturel à l’air libre. The assembly and the method described above make it possible to optimize the quantity of liquid oxygen received in the tank 12, which improves the autonomy of the submarine 14. The presence of the discharge compressor 62 also makes it possible to accelerate the filling of the reservoir 12 with respect to natural degassing in the open air.
En variante au mode de réalisation décrit ci-dessus, le dispositif d’évacuation 50 comporte un système permettant un recyclage de l’oxygène gazeux évacué du réservoir 12. As an alternative to the embodiment described above, the evacuation device 50 comprises a system allowing recycling of the gaseous oxygen evacuated from the tank 12.

Claims

REVENDICATIONS
1. Procédé (100) de remplissage d’un réservoir (12) d’oxygène liquide d’un sous-marin (14), ledit réservoir étant disposé à l’intérieur d’une coque (24) d’un sous-marin et comprenant : une enceinte de stockage (26), une entrée (36) d’oxygène liquide et une sortie (38) d’oxygène gazeux, ladite sortie étant située en partie supérieure de l’enceinte de stockage, ledit procédé comprenant : 1. Method (100) for filling a tank (12) with liquid oxygen from a submarine (14), said tank being disposed inside a hull (24) of a submarine and comprising: a storage enclosure (26), an inlet (36) for liquid oxygen and an outlet (38) for gaseous oxygen, said outlet being located in the upper part of the storage enclosure, said method comprising:
- l’introduction d’oxygène liquide dans l’enceinte de stockage par une ligne d’introduction (64) reliée à l’entrée du réservoir, ladite ligne d’introduction comprenant une pompe (56) d’introduction ; et - The introduction of liquid oxygen into the storage enclosure by an introduction line (64) connected to the inlet of the tank, said introduction line comprising a pump (56) for introduction; and
- l’évacuation d’oxygène gazeux de l’enceinte de stockage par une ligne d’évacuation (66) reliée à la sortie du réservoir ; - the evacuation of gaseous oxygen from the storage enclosure by an evacuation line (66) connected to the outlet of the tank;
caractérisé en ce que la ligne d’évacuation comprend un compresseur (62) d’évacuation diminuant une pression (P) d’oxygène gazeux en partie supérieure de l’enceinte de stockage. characterized in that the evacuation line comprises a discharge compressor (62) reducing a pressure (P) of gaseous oxygen in the upper part of the storage enclosure.
2. Procédé selon la revendication 1 , comprenant au préalable les étapes suivantes : 2. Method according to claim 1, comprising beforehand the following steps:
- raccordement de l’entrée (36) du réservoir à la ligne d’introduction (64), ladite ligne d’introduction comprenant une réserve (18) d’oxygène liquide et la pompe d’introduction (56) ; et - connection of the inlet (36) of the tank to the introduction line (64), said introduction line comprising a reserve (18) of liquid oxygen and the introduction pump (56); and
- raccordement de la sortie (38) du réservoir à la ligne d’évacuation (66), ladite ligne d’évacuation comprenant le compresseur d’évacuation (62) et un dispositif (50) d’évacuation d’oxygène gazeux. - Connection of the outlet (38) of the tank to the evacuation line (66), said evacuation line comprising the evacuation compressor (62) and a device (50) for evacuation of gaseous oxygen.
3. Procédé selon la revendication 2, dans lequel : 3. Method according to claim 2, in which:
- la ligne d’introduction comprend en outre une conduite d’introduction (20) apte à relier la pompe d’introduction à l’entrée du réservoir ; - The introduction line further comprises an introduction pipe (20) capable of connecting the introduction pump to the inlet of the tank;
- la ligne d’évacuation comprend en outre une conduite d’évacuation (22) apte à relier le compresseur d’évacuation à la sortie du réservoir ; et - the evacuation line further comprises an evacuation pipe (22) capable of connecting the evacuation compressor to the outlet of the tank; and
- les conduites d’introduction et d’évacuation traversent la coque (24) du sous- marin. - the inlet and outlet pipes pass through the hull (24) of the submarine.
4. Procédé (100) selon l’une des revendications précédentes, dans lequel l’introduction d’oxygène liquide et l’évacuation d’oxygène gazeux comprennent les étapes suivantes : - fonctionnement (102) de la pompe (56) à un premier débit (Di), vaporisation de l’oxygène liquide au contact de l’enceinte de stockage (26) ; puis 4. Method (100) according to one of the preceding claims, in which the introduction of liquid oxygen and the evacuation of gaseous oxygen comprise the following steps: - Operation (102) of the pump (56) at a first flow rate (Di), vaporization of the liquid oxygen in contact with the storage enclosure (26); then
- dès qu’un niveau maximal (Vmax) d’oxygène liquide est détecté (108) en partie inférieure de l’enceinte de stockage, arrêt (1 10) de la pompe ; - as soon as a maximum level (V max ) of liquid oxygen is detected (108) in the lower part of the storage enclosure, stop (1 10) of the pump;
le compresseur (62) étant en fonctionnement à un deuxième débit (D2) non nul durant lesdites étapes, de sorte à maintenir proche d’une valeur de consigne (Po) une pression (P) d’oxygène gazeux en partie supérieure de l’enceinte de stockage. the compressor (62) being in operation at a non-zero second flow rate (D 2 ) during said steps, so as to maintain close to a set value (Po) a pressure (P) of gaseous oxygen in the upper part of l storage enclosure.
5. Procédé selon la revendication 4, dans lequel : le premier débit de la pompe (56) a une valeur initiale (Di,0) faible ; et dès qu’un niveau minimal (Vmm) d’oxygène liquide est détecté (104) en partie inférieure de l’enceinte de stockage, ledit premier débit est augmenté (106) à une valeur (Di,i) plus élevée. 5. Method according to claim 4, in which: the first flow rate of the pump (56) has a low initial value (Di , 0 ); and as soon as a minimum level (V mm ) of liquid oxygen is detected (104) in the lower part of the storage enclosure, said first flow rate is increased (106) to a higher value (Di , i ).
6. Procédé selon la revendication 4 ou la revendication 5, comprenant ensuite l’étape suivante : dès que le deuxième débit du compresseur (62) diminue (1 12) en-dessous d’une valeur seuil (D2,o), la pompe est remise en fonctionnement (1 14) jusqu’à ce que le niveau maximal (Vmax) d’oxygène liquide soit à nouveau détecté (1 16), la pompe et le compresseur étant alors arrêtés (1 18). 6. Method according to claim 4 or claim 5, then comprising the following step: as soon as the second flow rate of the compressor (62) decreases (1 12) below a threshold value (D 2, o), the pump is put back into operation (1 14) until the maximum level (V max ) of liquid oxygen is again detected (1 16), the pump and the compressor then being stopped (1 18).
7. Ensemble (10) de remplissage comprenant : 7. Filling assembly (10) comprising:
- un sous-marin (14) comprenant une coque (24) et un réservoir (12) d’oxygène liquide disposé à l’intérieur de ladite coque, ledit réservoir comprenant : une enceinte de stockage (26), une entrée (36) d’oxygène liquide et une sortie (38) d’oxygène gazeux, ladite sortie étant située en partie supérieure de l’enceinte de stockage ; - a submarine (14) comprising a hull (24) and a tank (12) of liquid oxygen disposed inside said hull, said tank comprising: a storage enclosure (26), an inlet (36) liquid oxygen and an outlet (38) for gaseous oxygen, said outlet being located in the upper part of the storage enclosure;
- un conduit de remplissage (46) comportant : une entrée (52), une sortie (54) et une pompe d’introduction (56) disposée entre l’entrée et la sortie, ladite entrée étant apte à être reliée à une réserve (18) d’oxygène liquide ; ladite sortie étant apte à être reliée à l’entrée (36) du réservoir d’oxygène liquide du sous-marin ; - a filling duct (46) comprising: an inlet (52), an outlet (54) and an introduction pump (56) disposed between the inlet and the outlet, said inlet being able to be connected to a reserve ( 18) liquid oxygen; said outlet being adapted to be connected to the inlet (36) of the submarine's liquid oxygen tank;
- un conduit de dégazage (48) comportant : une entrée (58), une sortie (60) et un compresseur d’évacuation (62) disposée entre l’entrée et la sortie, ladite entrée étant apte à être reliée à la sortie (38) du réservoir (12) d’oxygène liquide du sous- marin ; et - a degassing duct (48) comprising: an inlet (58), an outlet (60) and an exhaust compressor (62) disposed between the inlet and the outlet, said inlet being able to be connected to the outlet ( 38) of the submarine's liquid oxygen tank (12); and
- un dispositif (50) d’évacuation d’oxygène gazeux, relié à la sortie (60) du conduit de dégazage (48) ; les conduits de remplissage (46) et de dégazage (48) et le dispositif d’évacuation (50) étant disposés à l’extérieur du sous-marin ; - A device (50) for evacuating gaseous oxygen, connected to the outlet (60) of the degassing duct (48); the filling (46) and degassing (48) conduits and the evacuation device (50) being arranged outside the submarine;
l’ensemble de remplissage comprenant en outre des moyens (51 ) de mise en oeuvre d’un procédé selon l’une des revendications précédentes. the filling assembly further comprising means (51) for implementing a method according to one of the preceding claims.
8. Ensemble selon la revendication 7, dans lequel le dispositif (50) d’évacuation d’oxygène gazeux de l’appareil de remplissage (16) est une cheminée. 8. The assembly of claim 7, wherein the device (50) for discharging gaseous oxygen from the filling device (16) is a chimney.
9. Ensemble selon la revendication 7 ou la revendication 8, dans lequel la coque (24) du sous-marin comprend au moins deux traversées (40, 42), 9. The assembly as claimed in claim 7 or claim 8, in which the hull (24) of the submarine comprises at least two bushings (40, 42),
l’ensemble comprenant en outre : une conduite d’introduction (20) apte à relier la pompe d’introduction (56) à l’entrée du réservoir ; et une conduite d’évacuation (22) apte à relier le compresseur d’évacuation (62) à la sortie du réservoir ; the assembly further comprising: an introduction pipe (20) capable of connecting the introduction pump (56) to the inlet of the tank; and an evacuation pipe (22) able to connect the evacuation compressor (62) to the outlet of the tank;
chacune desdites conduites d’introduction et d’évacuation étant configurée pour être reçue de manière étanche dans l’une des traversées (40, 42) de la coque. each of said inlet and outlet pipes being configured to be received in sealed manner in one of the bushings (40, 42) of the hull.
10. Ensemble selon l’une des revendications 7 à 9, dans lequel la pompe d’introduction (56) et le compresseur d’évacuation (62) sont inclus dans un même appareil de remplissage (16) disposé à l’extérieur du sous-marin (14). 10. Assembly according to one of claims 7 to 9, in which the introduction pump (56) and the discharge compressor (62) are included in the same filling device (16) arranged outside the sub - sailor (14).
PCT/EP2019/085775 2018-12-19 2019-12-17 Assembly for filling a liquid oxygen tank of a submarine and associated filling method WO2020127365A1 (en)

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DE102015003340A1 (en) * 2015-03-14 2016-09-15 Messer France S.A.S Method and device for filling a mobile tank with liquid carbon dioxide

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Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US6408895B1 (en) * 1999-09-13 2002-06-25 Craig A. Beam Vapor control system for loading and unloading of volatile liquids
EP1447323A1 (en) * 2003-02-12 2004-08-18 Howaldtswerke-Deutsche Werft Ag Submarine with a tank containing a pressurised liquid gas
WO2006118458A2 (en) * 2005-05-04 2006-11-09 Single Buoy Moorings Inc. Large distance offshore lng export terminal with boil-off vapour collection and utilization capacities
FR2944088A1 (en) * 2009-04-03 2010-10-08 Gdf Suez METHOD FOR DISCHARGING AND STORING LIQUEFIED NATURAL GAS IN METHANOL TERMINAL WITHOUT GAS EVAPORATION
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FR3090811A1 (en) 2020-06-26
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