WO2020126427A1 - Procédé pour la fabrication générative d'au moins un objet, utilisation d'une tête d'impression et véhicule à moteur - Google Patents

Procédé pour la fabrication générative d'au moins un objet, utilisation d'une tête d'impression et véhicule à moteur Download PDF

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Publication number
WO2020126427A1
WO2020126427A1 PCT/EP2019/083254 EP2019083254W WO2020126427A1 WO 2020126427 A1 WO2020126427 A1 WO 2020126427A1 EP 2019083254 W EP2019083254 W EP 2019083254W WO 2020126427 A1 WO2020126427 A1 WO 2020126427A1
Authority
WO
WIPO (PCT)
Prior art keywords
powdery
separating
additional
binder
produced
Prior art date
Application number
PCT/EP2019/083254
Other languages
German (de)
English (en)
Inventor
Anwar Shad
Sven Crull
Tobias Opitz
Original Assignee
Volkswagen Aktiengesellschaft
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by Volkswagen Aktiengesellschaft filed Critical Volkswagen Aktiengesellschaft
Priority to CN201980081846.3A priority Critical patent/CN113195132A/zh
Priority to EP19813498.3A priority patent/EP3898032A1/fr
Publication of WO2020126427A1 publication Critical patent/WO2020126427A1/fr

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Classifications

    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B22—CASTING; POWDER METALLURGY
    • B22F—WORKING METALLIC POWDER; MANUFACTURE OF ARTICLES FROM METALLIC POWDER; MAKING METALLIC POWDER; APPARATUS OR DEVICES SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR METALLIC POWDER
    • B22F10/00—Additive manufacturing of workpieces or articles from metallic powder
    • B22F10/10—Formation of a green body
    • B22F10/14—Formation of a green body by jetting of binder onto a bed of metal powder
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B22—CASTING; POWDER METALLURGY
    • B22F—WORKING METALLIC POWDER; MANUFACTURE OF ARTICLES FROM METALLIC POWDER; MAKING METALLIC POWDER; APPARATUS OR DEVICES SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR METALLIC POWDER
    • B22F10/00—Additive manufacturing of workpieces or articles from metallic powder
    • B22F10/40—Structures for supporting workpieces or articles during manufacture and removed afterwards
    • B22F10/43—Structures for supporting workpieces or articles during manufacture and removed afterwards characterised by material
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B22—CASTING; POWDER METALLURGY
    • B22F—WORKING METALLIC POWDER; MANUFACTURE OF ARTICLES FROM METALLIC POWDER; MAKING METALLIC POWDER; APPARATUS OR DEVICES SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR METALLIC POWDER
    • B22F10/00—Additive manufacturing of workpieces or articles from metallic powder
    • B22F10/60—Treatment of workpieces or articles after build-up
    • B22F10/66—Treatment of workpieces or articles after build-up by mechanical means
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B22—CASTING; POWDER METALLURGY
    • B22F—WORKING METALLIC POWDER; MANUFACTURE OF ARTICLES FROM METALLIC POWDER; MAKING METALLIC POWDER; APPARATUS OR DEVICES SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR METALLIC POWDER
    • B22F12/00—Apparatus or devices specially adapted for additive manufacturing; Auxiliary means for additive manufacturing; Combinations of additive manufacturing apparatus or devices with other processing apparatus or devices
    • B22F12/50—Means for feeding of material, e.g. heads
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
    • B29C—SHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
    • B29C64/00—Additive manufacturing, i.e. manufacturing of three-dimensional [3D] objects by additive deposition, additive agglomeration or additive layering, e.g. by 3D printing, stereolithography or selective laser sintering
    • B29C64/10—Processes of additive manufacturing
    • B29C64/141—Processes of additive manufacturing using only solid materials
    • B29C64/153—Processes of additive manufacturing using only solid materials using layers of powder being selectively joined, e.g. by selective laser sintering or melting
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
    • B29C—SHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
    • B29C64/00—Additive manufacturing, i.e. manufacturing of three-dimensional [3D] objects by additive deposition, additive agglomeration or additive layering, e.g. by 3D printing, stereolithography or selective laser sintering
    • B29C64/10—Processes of additive manufacturing
    • B29C64/165—Processes of additive manufacturing using a combination of solid and fluid materials, e.g. a powder selectively bound by a liquid binder, catalyst, inhibitor or energy absorber
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
    • B29C—SHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
    • B29C64/00—Additive manufacturing, i.e. manufacturing of three-dimensional [3D] objects by additive deposition, additive agglomeration or additive layering, e.g. by 3D printing, stereolithography or selective laser sintering
    • B29C64/20—Apparatus for additive manufacturing; Details thereof or accessories therefor
    • B29C64/205—Means for applying layers
    • B29C64/209—Heads; Nozzles
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B33—ADDITIVE MANUFACTURING TECHNOLOGY
    • B33Y—ADDITIVE MANUFACTURING, i.e. MANUFACTURING OF THREE-DIMENSIONAL [3-D] OBJECTS BY ADDITIVE DEPOSITION, ADDITIVE AGGLOMERATION OR ADDITIVE LAYERING, e.g. BY 3-D PRINTING, STEREOLITHOGRAPHY OR SELECTIVE LASER SINTERING
    • B33Y10/00—Processes of additive manufacturing
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B33—ADDITIVE MANUFACTURING TECHNOLOGY
    • B33Y—ADDITIVE MANUFACTURING, i.e. MANUFACTURING OF THREE-DIMENSIONAL [3-D] OBJECTS BY ADDITIVE DEPOSITION, ADDITIVE AGGLOMERATION OR ADDITIVE LAYERING, e.g. BY 3-D PRINTING, STEREOLITHOGRAPHY OR SELECTIVE LASER SINTERING
    • B33Y30/00—Apparatus for additive manufacturing; Details thereof or accessories therefor
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B33—ADDITIVE MANUFACTURING TECHNOLOGY
    • B33Y—ADDITIVE MANUFACTURING, i.e. MANUFACTURING OF THREE-DIMENSIONAL [3-D] OBJECTS BY ADDITIVE DEPOSITION, ADDITIVE AGGLOMERATION OR ADDITIVE LAYERING, e.g. BY 3-D PRINTING, STEREOLITHOGRAPHY OR SELECTIVE LASER SINTERING
    • B33Y40/00—Auxiliary operations or equipment, e.g. for material handling
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B33—ADDITIVE MANUFACTURING TECHNOLOGY
    • B33Y—ADDITIVE MANUFACTURING, i.e. MANUFACTURING OF THREE-DIMENSIONAL [3-D] OBJECTS BY ADDITIVE DEPOSITION, ADDITIVE AGGLOMERATION OR ADDITIVE LAYERING, e.g. BY 3-D PRINTING, STEREOLITHOGRAPHY OR SELECTIVE LASER SINTERING
    • B33Y70/00—Materials specially adapted for additive manufacturing
    • B33Y70/10—Composites of different types of material, e.g. mixtures of ceramics and polymers or mixtures of metals and biomaterials
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02P—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES IN THE PRODUCTION OR PROCESSING OF GOODS
    • Y02P10/00—Technologies related to metal processing
    • Y02P10/25—Process efficiency

Definitions

  • the invention relates to a process for the generative production of at least one
  • Object a use of a print head and a motor vehicle, in particular a passenger car.
  • a generative manufacturing process for the production of three-dimensional components is the 3D printing process Binder Jetting.
  • a powdery material is applied in layers and a binder is selectively applied at the points where the powder is to be solidified to form the component. This is repeated until the component is built up in the desired shape. Unconsolidated powder is then removed.
  • the component produced in this way from metal powder is sintered into the finished component following the described construction process.
  • the material is softened at high temperatures, but not melted.
  • deformation or warping can occur depending on the component geometry.
  • cantilevered component areas can be deformed due to gravity.
  • the components also typically shrink during sintering.
  • the adhesion of the underside of the component to the base can lead to deformation of component areas due to the respective frictional resistance.
  • Sinter supports referred to counteract which can be made of ceramic, for example. These support the component to be manufactured in areas and thus prevent deformations and. a. due to the effect of gravity. Due to the higher melting point of the ceramic compared to the metal, the use of ceramic prevents the metal component to be produced from binding to the support structure, which is therefore easily removable from the sintered component.
  • EP 2 529 694 B1 discloses a method for the generative production of ceramic shaped bodies by 3D inkjet printing.
  • a ceramic slip i.e. a suspension of ceramic particles in one
  • Dispersing agent applied in layers on a carrier and hardened, preferably by means of temperature change.
  • the particles for making the body are discharged from a nozzle.
  • the resulting body is subjected to chemical treatment or heat treatment so that the binder is removed.
  • chemical treatment or heat treatment so that the binder is removed.
  • ceramic slurries are used, the proportions of which are controlled depending on the location, so that the composition of the body produced varies. There will be slips
  • Ceramic particles, free-radically polymerizable binder and possibly wax are used. The body produced is then sintered.
  • Layered structure of a shaped body The next layer is applied before the layer below it has hardened.
  • Material for producing the shaped body is applied from a nozzle and, in particular, support material is applied simultaneously around it, which is as heavy as the body material and in this way prevents the body to be produced from flowing or shearing off.
  • the support material is also applied from a nozzle. The application takes place in an essentially vertical layer, so that support material is applied to the support material and not to the material for forming the shaped body. It is clearly evident from FIG. 2c and paragraph [0088] of this document that the support material and the material for producing the shaped body are applied from spatially separated nozzles. The nozzles are not interconnected. In particular, the materials are not output from a common print head.
  • US 9 833 839 B2 discloses a method for producing a body, one
  • Support material and an intermediate layer It becomes a first material
  • the intermediate layer is produced in such a way that it
  • the second material comprises powder and a binder system with at least one binder, the binder system serving to hold a final shape of the body during the processing of the body to the final part.
  • the processing includes debinding the final shape to remove the binders and sintering the final shape.
  • the intermediate layer prevents the support structure from binding to the body.
  • the material of the intermediate layer is arranged with a deposition tool and the material for producing a body is applied with a print head. It is the object of the invention to provide a method and a use which allow the generative production of complex or large objects in a particularly simple and inexpensive manner.
  • the object is achieved by the method for the generative production of at least one object according to claim 1 and the use of a printhead according to claim 10. Embodiments of the method are specified in subclaims 2-9. In addition, a motor vehicle according to claim 11 is provided.
  • a first aspect of the invention is a method for the generative production of at least one object.
  • a layer of powdery material is arranged and a binder is applied to at least a region of the powdery material for the firm connection of particles of the powdery material for the purpose of producing the object.
  • an additional material is applied to at least one area of the powdery material for at least area-wise influencing a property of the object to be manufactured.
  • the binder and the additional material are applied in at least sections of separate flow paths by means of a common print head.
  • the process used is the process for 3D printing referred to as binder jetting.
  • binder jetting the process for 3D printing
  • a large number of layers of the powdery material are typically applied and the material of each layer is solidified in regions by means of the application of binder.
  • the method features according to the invention can be implemented in each of the layers applied.
  • the layer is typically arranged in such a way that a horizontal plane is created, wherein an object can consist of several planes or layers.
  • the object produced is then separated from the non-consolidated powdery material surrounding it. Filler material can be applied in each shift.
  • the powdery material is in particular a metallic material, that is to say a powder made of at least one metal and / or at least one alloy. It can include one or more components or substances, such as filler materials,
  • Alloying elements or the like can be composed differently in different areas of the layer and / or in different layers.
  • a uniform powder is used for all layers and / or all areas of a respective layer.
  • the powdery material is on a
  • a binder also known as a binder, is a material that holds the particles of a powder together or binds them together to form a coherent one
  • the binder is typically applied in such a way that it is in
  • Cavities between the particles is arranged and establishes a firm connection between them, so that the particles are fixed or immobile in relation to each other.
  • the firm connection of the particles does not stand in the way of that produced in this way
  • Object may have only a low strength.
  • the object produced in this way is referred to as a green compact or green body and usually has only a low strength, so that the mechanical stress on the green body should be minimal.
  • the green body is used to produce an object with a higher strength than the green body, in which there are direct bonds between the particles between a large part of each of the adjacent particles.
  • this does not exclude that voids or pores can remain in the article even after sintering.
  • the binder is composed such that it is in one
  • the binder does not include any additives or additional particles that cause a change in the properties of the object to be produced in the sintered state.
  • the binder comprises a solution and / or one
  • the additive material can comprise a solution, a suspension, particles and / or solutes.
  • the additional material does not comprise a binder or a polymer.
  • the additional material is composed such that it is one
  • Debinding process and / or exposure to heat to remove the binder substantially completely persists in position in cavities of the powdered material.
  • the additional material is applied to at least a region of the powder which is influenced or not influenced by the binder.
  • the influencing of a property means in particular an influencing of the property in relation to surrounding areas, that is to say a local setting of a desired one
  • Additional material can be applied.
  • at least two different materials namely a binder and an additional material, are applied to the powdery material in at least partially different flow paths.
  • these are applied by means of different discharge openings of a print head, so that the separate ones
  • Flow paths exist at least between the print head and the powdery material or the object to be produced.
  • the binder and / or the additional material are applied at least in sections in a continuous volume flow.
  • the binder is deployed by means of at least one first delivery opening of the print head.
  • the additional material is applied by means of at least one second delivery opening of the print head.
  • the first and second discharge openings are configured in the same way.
  • a printhead means a device with at least one discharge opening
  • Output of material that is arranged or can be arranged such that a
  • the discharge openings of a print head can be moved by means of a common movement device, travel device or drive device.
  • Delivery openings arranged in a print head are fixedly or rigidly connected to one another. They can be arranged in separate, rigidly interconnected housing parts or in a common housing of the printhead.
  • the print head has at least two redundant designs for each material to be dispensed
  • Discharge openings so that if a discharge opening of a material to be discharged malfunctions, an additional discharge opening is available for this material.
  • the print head is or are the respective ones
  • Delivery openings for dispensing liquid materials such as solutions or suspensions are set up.
  • the print head has at least one discharge opening for the discharge of a powdery material.
  • this has a larger cross section than discharge openings for dispensing liquid materials.
  • the additional material can penetrate the respective layer of the powdery material and in this way influence the material of this layer.
  • it can be suitable for influencing the material in or after a sintering process and for this Purpose include alloying elements for alloying with a metallic powdery material.
  • the additional material can contain any single or any combination of the alloying elements known in metallurgy, in particular C, Cu, Mn, Ni and / or Si.
  • alloy formation can take place locally, at least locally, through the diffusion processes of the powdery material taking place under the influence of heat and possibly increased pressure, which can possibly be reinforced by softening the material.
  • the additional material can comprise sintering additives and / or smaller particles than the powdery material, for example made of the same material as the powdery material. This can improve the sintering process, for example increase the sintering activity, and thus increase the achievable density or strength of the objects after sintering.
  • the additional material can comprise reinforcing particles, for example comprising
  • Tungsten carbide and / or elemental carbon to locally increase strength can be set up to influence the chemical composition of the object to be manufactured or its material properties, such as, for example, the corrosion resistance to certain media or environments. It can be set up to have physical properties such as
  • it can comprise copper, for example.
  • it can comprise copper, for example.
  • Alloy elements, carbon and / or carbides a locally increased hardness can be achieved.
  • Tungsten in particular, can also increase wear resistance
  • Tungsten carbide, and / or other wear-resistant elements can be achieved.
  • the object is sintered. It can be released beforehand.
  • the sintering takes place at a temperature between 70% and 90% of the melting temperature of the powdery material or of the powdery material with any alloying elements present, for example about 80% of the
  • the joint printing by means of a print head enables particularly simple and inexpensive production, since only one movement device for moving the Printhead is needed.
  • the achievable accuracies are particularly high because the distance between the discharge openings is constant.
  • the object is characterized in that a separating material is applied as additional material or in addition to the additional material, so that the material composition in the article to be produced at the position of the separating material is changed due to the separating material arranged there in relation to at least one adjacent area. After a sintering process, the object can thus be deliberately divided at this position and in particular has a predetermined breaking point.
  • the divisibility of the object after the sintering process means dividing or
  • At least a first part of the object produced is a support structure for abutting or supporting at least one area of the component actually to be manufactured, and a second part is the same component to be manufactured.
  • the two parts are separated from one another by means of the separating material, so that they are not connected to one another in a sintering process.
  • Object to be produced which comprises the “component” and in particular at least one support structure for at least regionally supporting the component in one
  • subsequent sintering process can include.
  • the support structure serves in particular for the targeted support of areas of the component to be manufactured during the sintering. In this way, a flow
  • the changed material composition means a different area
  • Properties that allow a targeted failure of the object at this point can be achieved by a locally reduced strength, so that a predetermined breaking point is created in the object, at which a targeted failure of the object can be achieved by the application of force.
  • An area of increased brittleness can also be produced, for example using carbon, so that the object can be broken by direct force.
  • a further possibility is to use a material which is soluble in a solvent such as water and / or a material with a low material as the separating material to arrange melting point or a low heat resistance, the at
  • a temperature rise allows a targeted failure.
  • an additional material can be applied. This can be applied by means of at least a third delivery opening of the print head.
  • Delivery opening configured in the same way.
  • This embodiment has the advantage that particularly large and complex components as well as components with any cantilevered areas can be produced, since support structures that are adapted to the respective component geometry can be produced in a targeted, reproducible and automatable manner. These support structures can be tailored directly to the component to be manufactured. They can be produced in the same process as the actual component, so that a quick and efficient process is made available. Through the generative three-dimensional production of the
  • Detachability of the support structure reduces the post-processing required to a minimum.
  • the separating material is applied in such a way that it forms a phase on the powdery material that is at least substantially free of the powdery material.
  • the separating material is applied in such a way that at least in some areas there is separating material, but no powdery material.
  • the phase of the separating material means in particular a layer of the separating material.
  • the phase of the separation material can extend parallel or at any other angle to the layer of the powdery material.
  • a layer of the separating material can be applied in or onto a layer of the powdery material and / or the separating material can be arranged in regions within a layer of the pulverulent material, so that an upright or obliquely extending phase of the separating material is formed.
  • at least one further layer of the powdery material is arranged on the separating material.
  • no further layer of the powdery material is arranged on the last layer.
  • the separating material which can be arranged, for example, as a layer and in this case is also referred to as a separating layer, separates, the areas of the powder located on both sides thereof or above and below. This has the advantage that in a subsequent sintering process there is no bond between the support structure and the actual component to be produced, and thus the
  • Support structure is particularly easy and reproducible separable. This enables simple automation of the process.
  • the object is deliberately divided at the position of the separating material. This is typically done after a sintering process. In particular, a force is exerted on at least one area of the object for this purpose, so that it breaks or divides in the area of the separating material for the purpose of separating the support structure of the object. This can be done automatically.
  • the component actually to be produced is produced by separating the support structure from the manufactured object.
  • the separating material comprises a material and consists in particular of a material which has a melting point which is at least 5% and in particular at least 10% of the melting point of the
  • powdery material deviates. A bond between the separating material and the powdery material is thus reduced or prevented in a sintering process for producing the article.
  • the material comprised by the separating material has a melting point which is at least 5%, in particular at least 10%, for example at least 20%, in one embodiment at least 30% and in one example at least 40% higher than the melting point of the powdery material, so that the material comprised by the separating material is not connected to the powdery material. All percentages regarding temperatures refer to a temperature scale in ° C.
  • the material comprised by the separating material can be one around the mentioned
  • Percentage values have a lower melting point, so that during sintering there is a liquid phase separating the respective materials.
  • the separating material is selected such that the component and the
  • a ceramic separating material is used.
  • the additional material or the separating material can comprise particles in a suspension. Suspended ceramic particles are typically used.
  • the materials that can be used as separating material are available, have good processability and are inexpensive.
  • An embodiment of the method is characterized in that the separating material is liquid, pasty or powdery.
  • the separating material can be applied as a viscous paste.
  • it can comprise ceramic particles.
  • the separating material in this case forms a phase that is not influenced by the powdery material, so that there is only the separating material in some areas.
  • Separating material can also be dispensed onto the powdery material as a powder or as a liquid, for example as a solution or suspension with suspended particles.
  • a further embodiment of the method for the generative production of at least one object is characterized in that the powdery material and the additional material are arranged in such a way that the additional material is located between areas of the powdery material that are not influenced by the additional material.
  • a material composition in the article to be manufactured is changed at the position of the additional material in relation to surrounding areas.
  • a layer can be arranged without a specific additional material, a layer comprising or consisting of the additional material can be arranged on this and a layer without the additional material can in turn be arranged on this.
  • the additional material is applied to a powder layer and a powder layer is then arranged on the additional material. Additional material can be applied to the last layer to be produced without a powder layer being applied to it.
  • the additional material can be arranged in a first region, which is arranged along at least one spatial direction between second regions, no additional material being arranged or being arranged in the second regions.
  • the areas can be in one layer.
  • the additional material can thus be arranged within a layer between regions of the powdery material which are not influenced by the additional material.
  • this can be arranged in or on the same layer and / or in or on different layers as the actual component to be produced and / or the support structure. In particular, it serves to manufacture at least one area of the area to be manufactured which is reduced in strength or toughness
  • the areas of the powdery material surrounding the additional material are composed of the powdery material.
  • the support structure and the component actually to be produced are produced from the same powdery material. For example, a first part of the powder can be used to produce the component and a second part of the powder can be used to produce a support structure for contacting or supporting at least one area of the component, with a layer of the between the first and the second part of the powder
  • Additional material for example a separating layer made of the separating material, is arranged.
  • the support structure and component can be produced in a particularly simple and quick manner.
  • the shrinkage of these elements is the same due to the same material during the sintering process, so that distortion due to shrinkage in the object is prevented and the support structure can fulfill its function during the entire sintering process.
  • Surface unit of the layer of powdery material applied amount of the additional material is varied so that the object to be produced has different properties in different areas. This can be implemented in one or more layers to be applied.
  • the chemical composition, magnetism, electrical conductivity, hardness, etc. of the object can be set in specific areas.
  • a quantity means in particular a volume or a mass. The variation takes place in particular during a movement of the print head along the layer of the
  • powdery material means a change in the volume flow of the additional material.
  • This configuration has the advantage that, in particular in connection with the geometric variability of the additive manufacturing process, a particularly large one Freedom in the construction of objects can be achieved.
  • objects with specific areas are defined mechanical
  • Additional material includes particles and / or fibers.
  • a locally increased hardness or strength of the object to be produced can be produced by fibers.
  • the particles or fibers in particular have maximum diameters or lengths in the micrometer range, in particular in the nanometer range, so that they are by means of
  • Delivery openings of the print heads are output. They are typically in suspension. However, as described, it is not excluded that solid particles or fibers can be discharged from a suitable discharge opening.
  • Particles can, as described, consist of the same or a similar material as the powdery material and have a smaller particle diameter than the particles of the powdery material, so that they are arranged in their spaces in order to increase the density of the green compact and thus the sintering activity and to increase the density of the object to be manufactured.
  • This configuration advantageously enables greater variability in the setting of desired properties.
  • a further embodiment of the method is characterized in that the additional material is applied to at least one area of the powdery material in which no binder is applied.
  • Binder can be applied in one or more layers in which no additional material is applied. Additional material can be applied in one or more layers in which no binder is applied.
  • a second aspect of the invention is the use of a printhead, comprising a plurality of discharge openings for the respective discharge of material, namely at least binder and filler material, for producing an object by means of the method according to the invention.
  • Discharge of the binder and at least one second discharge opening of the print head are used to discharge the filler material.
  • the print head can have at least one further discharge opening for discharging at least one
  • additional material for example a further filler material.
  • a conventional printhead can be used to match the
  • a third aspect of the invention is a motor vehicle, in particular a passenger car, which comprises at least part of an object produced using the method according to the invention.
  • the part of the object is a component in which at least one
  • FIG. 2 shows a perspective illustration of a print head for carrying out the method according to the invention.
  • FIG. 1 schematically shows a device 19 for carrying out the generative method according to the invention for producing an object 20 by means of binder jetting.
  • a three-part assembly arrangement is shown with a central receiving device 18 for the layered arrangement of the powdery material 22 contained therein
  • Design is a metal powder. Powder stocks are on both sides of the receiving device 18 23 arranged. A multiplicity of layers (not shown individually) of the powdery material 22 are already arranged on the receiving device 18
  • a print head 10 is shown, which is connected to a binder supply 28 by means of a line 29.
  • the print head 10 has not shown here
  • Delivery openings for the delivery of the binder 20 It is movable parallel to the layers of powdery material 22, the movement being indicated by arrows with the
  • the print head 10 additionally has discharge openings (not shown here) for the discharge of an additional material, by means of which it is possible to influence at least some areas of a property of the object 20 to be produced.
  • the print head 10 is connected in terms of flow technology to a supply of the additional material, which can be arranged in a manner analogous to the binder supply 28, that is to say separately from the print head 10, or on or in the print head 10 and together with it.
  • the article 20 is produced in layers. To make a layer of
  • the powder stores 23 are defined by a corresponding one according to the arrows shown below
  • Height unit shifted upwards and the central receiving device 18 is shifted downward according to the arrow shown below by a defined height unit. This takes place in particular in such a way that the volume of the powdery material 22 of the powder stores 23 made available in this way essentially corresponds to the volume that has become free for arranging a layer of the powdery material 22 above the receiving device 18.
  • a uniform layer of the powdery material 22 is applied to the previously applied layer of the powdery material 22, which is solidified in some areas by means of a binder 27, or distributed thereon.
  • the arrangement device 25 is designed as a roller movable along the arrow direction parallel to the surface of the respective layers of the powdery material 22 for distributing and possibly compressing the powdery material 22.
  • the powdery material 22 is on the receiving device 18 or on one beforehand
  • the print head 10 is then moved over at least part of the surface of the layer along the directions shown by arrows 30 parallel to the surface of the layer and at least by means of the print head 10 Binder 27 applied in areas to solidify the material.
  • the additional material is discharged from the separate discharge opening by means of the print head 10.
  • the object 20 which comprises the component actually to be manufactured and at least one support structure for supporting the component in regions in the subsequent sintering process.
  • This support structure consists of the same pulverulent material 22 as the component, the material of the support structure being spatially separated from the material of the component by means of a separating layer made of a ceramic separating material, so that the two elements do not sinter together and thus, after the sintering process, can be targeted in a simple and automated manner mechanical separation of the component from the support structure is possible.
  • FIG. 2 shows a perspective view and an enlarged detailed illustration of a print head 10 for use in the method according to the invention.
  • the print head 10 has an enlarged nozzle array 16 with six rows 14, each row 14 having a plurality of discharge openings 12 for the discharge of the respective material. These are arranged one behind the other along the central longitudinal axis of the respective row 14, which is not shown here.
  • the material to be applied is binder and at least one additional material, which can be a separating material, for example.
  • two rows 14 are provided for dispensing the same material, so that there is a redundant design.
  • the print head 10 has electrical contacts 40 for controlling the nozzle array

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  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Materials Engineering (AREA)
  • Manufacturing & Machinery (AREA)
  • Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • Optics & Photonics (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • Ceramic Engineering (AREA)
  • Civil Engineering (AREA)
  • Composite Materials (AREA)
  • Structural Engineering (AREA)
  • Powder Metallurgy (AREA)

Abstract

L'invention concerne un procédé pour la fabrication générative d'au moins un objet, une utilisation d'une tête d'impression ainsi qu'un véhicule à moteur, en particulier une voiture particulière. Par un procédé pour la fabrication générative d'au moins un objet (20), une couche de matériau pulvérulent (22) est disposée et, au moins sur une zone du matériau pulvérulent (22), un liant (27) est appliqué pour la liaison solide de particules du matériau pulvérulent (22) pour la fabrication de l'objet (20). Un matériau additif est appliqué sur au moins une zone du matériau pulvérulent (22) pour l'influence au moins par zones d'une caractéristique de l'objet (20) devant être fabriqué. Le liant (27) et le matériau additif sont appliqués au moyen d'une tête d'impression (10) commune dans des chemins d'écoulement au moins par endroits distincts.
PCT/EP2019/083254 2018-12-19 2019-12-02 Procédé pour la fabrication générative d'au moins un objet, utilisation d'une tête d'impression et véhicule à moteur WO2020126427A1 (fr)

Priority Applications (2)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
CN201980081846.3A CN113195132A (zh) 2018-12-19 2019-12-02 用于增材制造至少一个物品的方法、打印头的应用和机动车辆
EP19813498.3A EP3898032A1 (fr) 2018-12-19 2019-12-02 Procédé pour la fabrication générative d'au moins un objet, utilisation d'une tête d'impression et véhicule à moteur

Applications Claiming Priority (2)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
DE102018132938.5 2018-12-19
DE102018132938.5A DE102018132938A1 (de) 2018-12-19 2018-12-19 Verfahren zur generativen Herstellung wenigstens eines Gegenstands, Verwendung eines Druckkopfs und Kraftfahrzeug

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WO2020126427A1 true WO2020126427A1 (fr) 2020-06-25

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EP (1) EP3898032A1 (fr)
CN (1) CN113195132A (fr)
DE (1) DE102018132938A1 (fr)
WO (1) WO2020126427A1 (fr)

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DE102020104296A1 (de) 2020-02-19 2021-08-19 Grob-Werke Gmbh & Co. Kg Verfahren und vorrichtung zur additiven fertigung eines bauteils

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EP2529694B1 (fr) 2011-05-31 2017-11-15 Ivoclar Vivadent AG Procédé de génération de formes en céramique par jet d'impression 3D
DE102012101939A1 (de) 2012-03-08 2013-09-12 Klaus Schwärzler Verfahren und Vorrichtung zum schichtweisen Aufbau eines Formkörpers
WO2015141782A1 (fr) * 2014-03-19 2015-09-24 シーメット株式会社 Ensemble tête d'impression, dispositif d'impression 3d, procédé d'impression 3d et produit fabriqué
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DE102018132938A1 (de) 2020-06-25
CN113195132A (zh) 2021-07-30

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