WO2020125359A1 - Method for arranging photovoltaic modules on basis of grid - Google Patents

Method for arranging photovoltaic modules on basis of grid Download PDF

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Publication number
WO2020125359A1
WO2020125359A1 PCT/CN2019/121184 CN2019121184W WO2020125359A1 WO 2020125359 A1 WO2020125359 A1 WO 2020125359A1 CN 2019121184 W CN2019121184 W CN 2019121184W WO 2020125359 A1 WO2020125359 A1 WO 2020125359A1
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Prior art keywords
grid
installation site
photovoltaic modules
area
size
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PCT/CN2019/121184
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French (fr)
Chinese (zh)
Inventor
胡燚杰
郑天民
张晨
宋强
徐宁
江秀
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上海远景科创智能科技有限公司
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Publication of WO2020125359A1 publication Critical patent/WO2020125359A1/en

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    • G—PHYSICS
    • G06—COMPUTING; CALCULATING OR COUNTING
    • G06F—ELECTRIC DIGITAL DATA PROCESSING
    • G06F30/00—Computer-aided design [CAD]
    • G06F30/10—Geometric CAD
    • G06F30/18—Network design, e.g. design based on topological or interconnect aspects of utility systems, piping, heating ventilation air conditioning [HVAC] or cabling
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G06—COMPUTING; CALCULATING OR COUNTING
    • G06Q—INFORMATION AND COMMUNICATION TECHNOLOGY [ICT] SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR ADMINISTRATIVE, COMMERCIAL, FINANCIAL, MANAGERIAL OR SUPERVISORY PURPOSES; SYSTEMS OR METHODS SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR ADMINISTRATIVE, COMMERCIAL, FINANCIAL, MANAGERIAL OR SUPERVISORY PURPOSES, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • G06Q10/00—Administration; Management
    • G06Q10/04—Forecasting or optimisation specially adapted for administrative or management purposes, e.g. linear programming or "cutting stock problem"
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
    • H02S—GENERATION OF ELECTRIC POWER BY CONVERSION OF INFRARED RADIATION, VISIBLE LIGHT OR ULTRAVIOLET LIGHT, e.g. USING PHOTOVOLTAIC [PV] MODULES
    • H02S20/00—Supporting structures for PV modules

Definitions

  • the present invention generally relates to the field of clean energy and artificial intelligence, and in particular, to a method for arranging photovoltaic modules based on a grid.
  • the invention also relates to a system for arranging photovoltaic modules based on a grid.
  • Photovoltaic power plants are the main means of using solar power.
  • photovoltaic power plants have shown a rapid development trend: in 2017 alone, the new installed capacity of the global photovoltaic market reached 102GW, an increase of more than 37% year-on-year, of which 53GW was newly installed in the Chinese market and distributed PV was newly installed It has exceeded 19GW, more than 360% year-on-year.
  • Most photovoltaic power plants are installed on top of buildings.
  • When formulating the installation plan of the photovoltaic power station on the roof generally rely on the engineering experience to determine the arrangement row spacing and position of the photovoltaic modules, especially the photovoltaic panels, or obtain a better arrangement plan through manual calculation.
  • this has caused the installation of photovoltaic modules, especially the photovoltaic panels, of the photovoltaic power plants to be extremely time-consuming and laborious, and it is difficult to achieve optimal results.
  • the task of the present invention is a method and system for arranging photovoltaic modules based on a grid.
  • the installation scheme of photovoltaic modules on the top of a building can be automatically determined by artificial intelligence. Multiple factors such as natural environmental conditions and maximum number of arrangements can achieve the optimal installation plan, which can not only improve the installation efficiency of photovoltaic modules and save manpower and resources, but also increase the installed capacity and power generation of photovoltaic power plants.
  • the foregoing task adopts a method for arranging photovoltaic modules based on a grid, including:
  • the size of the grid is greater than the size of the mountable surface and the grid includes a plurality of grid cells, wherein the size of the grid cells is greater than the size of the photovoltaic module;
  • the photovoltaic modules are arranged in the area where the photovoltaic modules can be installed.
  • the “installation site” not only covers various buildings, houses and other artificial facilities, but also covers other natural sites or semi-natural sites that have been artificially developed, as long as these sites can apply the The solution falls within the scope of the present invention.
  • determining the installable surface of the installation site includes:
  • the area other than the unusable area in the installation site is determined as the mountable surface.
  • the shadows of obstacles in and near the installation site can be avoided, so that the photovoltaic module can be installed in a place with good lighting conditions to increase power generation.
  • the envelope profile of the shadow of the relevant obstacle on the roof can be calculated first.
  • the location information of the local sun at different times during the day, including the azimuth and altitude is calculated.
  • only a few special dates in a year, such as the spring and autumn equinoxes and the solar position information of every whole point within four days of the Eastern summer to the summer can be used as an approximate calculation.
  • the shadow length coefficient of each hour during the four days can be obtained, that is, the ratio of the height of the obstacle to the length of the shadow on the roof.
  • the shadow area of an obstacle at all these moments and the area of the obstacle itself are combined together to obtain the total shadow area of the obstacle.
  • the total shadow area is its own area.
  • the geographic location information includes solar location information of the installation site at every hour of the spring equinox, autumn equinox, summer solstice, and winter solstice.
  • determining whether each grid unit is available in the present invention includes:
  • setting a grid on the mountable surface includes:
  • the relative position of the grid and the installation site, such as the roof can be adjusted roughly, so that the grid is better adapted to the installation site, so as to achieve better layout results, such as more photovoltaic modules.
  • the arrangement of the photovoltaic module in the area where the photovoltaic module can be installed includes:
  • the grid one horizontal displacement and one vertical displacement successively in the horizontal direction and the vertical direction, so that as many photovoltaic modules as possible can be accommodated in the grid, wherein the horizontal displacement is not greater than the horizontal size of a single grid unit and the The vertical displacement is not greater than the vertical dimension of a single grid cell.
  • the relative positions of the grid and the installation site, such as the roof can be fine-tuned when the photovoltaic modules are arranged, so that the grid is better adapted to the installation site, so as to achieve better layout results, such as more layout Photovoltaic modules.
  • the arrangement of photovoltaic modules in an area where photovoltaic modules can be installed includes:
  • the photovoltaic modules are sequentially arranged in the installation site in different arrangements until no more photovoltaic modules can be arranged;
  • the photovoltaic modules are arranged in the priority order of the various arrangement schemes.
  • a "mixed row" mode can be realized, that is, by changing the installation method of the photovoltaic modules in the grid, the grid partially overlapping with the unusable area is utilized.
  • the mixed arrangement is also arranged in units of grid units.
  • choose the installation methods that can participate in the mixed arrangement such as horizontal and vertical placement, tilted placement of photovoltaic modules, etc.
  • get the priority order of different installation methods according to the advantages and disadvantages Then, starting from the corner of the roof, fill the grid cells with different arrangements in the order of priority to the right. If the current arrangement cannot be laid down, use the next arrangement to continue filling until the remaining space cannot be placed. Since different arrangements may have small differences in advantages and disadvantages, you can try to change the priority order, so you can finally get multiple possible arrangements. Finally, by comparing strategies, the best mixed arrangement scheme is obtained.
  • the size of the grid unit is an integer multiple of the photovoltaic module plus the space between the preceding and the next photovoltaic modules.
  • the foregoing task is solved by a grid-based arrangement of photovoltaic modules, the system comprising:
  • UAV which is configured to take multiple photos of the installation site
  • the server which is configured to perform the following actions:
  • the size of the grid is larger than the size of the mountable surface and the grid includes a plurality of grid cells, wherein the size of the grid cells is larger than the size of the photovoltaic module;
  • the photovoltaic modules are arranged in the area where the photovoltaic modules can be installed.
  • determining the installable surface of the installation site based on the top view includes:
  • the area other than the unusable area in the installation site is determined as the mountable surface.
  • the invention also relates to a machine-readable storage medium having a computer program stored thereon, the computer program being configured to perform the method according to the invention.
  • the present invention has at least the following beneficial effects: (1) the present invention can automatically determine the installation scheme of the photovoltaic module on the top of the building through artificial intelligence, thereby saving labor costs; (2) the present invention takes into account such as local natural environmental conditions , The maximum number of arrangements and other factors, and can achieve the optimal installation plan, which can improve the installed capacity and power generation of photovoltaic power plants; (3) The present invention can be adaptively implemented according to the conditions of the installation site. Flexible switching between "single row” and “mixed row” installation methods, thereby achieving the maximum number of photovoltaic modules installed.
  • FIG. 1 shows a flow of a method for arranging photovoltaic modules based on a grid according to the present invention
  • FIG. 2 shows a first embodiment of a method for arranging photovoltaic modules based on a grid according to the present invention
  • Fig. 3 shows a second embodiment of a method for arranging photovoltaic modules based on a grid according to the present invention.
  • the quantifiers "one” and “one” do not exclude the scene of multiple elements.
  • the number of the steps of each method of the present invention does not limit the execution order of the method steps. Unless otherwise specified, the method steps can be performed in a different order.
  • FIG. 1 shows a flow of a method 100 for arranging photovoltaic modules based on a grid according to the present invention, where a dotted box represents optional steps.
  • the present invention proposes a fast and highly automated and intelligent photovoltaic module layout method for different photovoltaic industry operation modes, roof types and natural conditions.
  • the geographic location information of the installation site is determined.
  • the “installation site” not only covers various buildings, houses and other artificial facilities, but also covers other natural sites or semi-natural sites that have been artificially developed, as long as these sites can apply the The solution falls within the scope of the present invention.
  • a geographic information database may be queried, or it may be input by the user.
  • the geographic location information includes, for example, latitude and longitude, sunshine information, and so on.
  • other roof information can be determined by searching the database or querying the user. For example, the inclination angle of the roof, that is, the roof slope angle can be determined.
  • a roof with an inclination angle of ⁇ 3° is considered a flat roof, otherwise it is a pitched roof, and the judgment threshold can be adjusted according to different needs.
  • Each row of grid units is aligned.
  • One or more components can be placed on each grid unit to ensure that the components have a fixed inclination and orientation.
  • There is generally a line spacing between the rows to prevent the previous row of components from covering the rear components and affecting the power generation; when the inclined roof is arranged, it is generally laid on the roof.
  • Each row of components will be aligned and fixed on two rails, because it is Paved on the roof, there is no occlusion, and there is no line spacing limit between the front and back grid cells.
  • the shadow area of the obstacle on the installation site is determined according to the geographic location information.
  • the obstacles include obstacles in the installation site and obstacles near the installation site that may cover the installation site.
  • the envelope profile of the shadow of the relevant obstacle on the roof can be calculated first.
  • the location information of the local sun at different times during the day, including the azimuth and altitude is calculated.
  • the amount of calculation only a few special dates in a year, such as the spring and autumn equinoxes and the solar position information of every whole point within four days of the Eastern summer to the summer, can be used as an approximate calculation.
  • the shadow length coefficient of each hour during the four days can be obtained, that is, the ratio of the height of the obstacle to the length of the shadow on the roof.
  • the shadow area of an obstacle at all these moments and the area of the obstacle itself are combined together to obtain the total shadow area of the obstacle.
  • the total shadow area is its own area.
  • the installable surface of the installation site is determined. This can be done, for example, in the following manner: first, the area of the obstacle and the shaded area of the obstacle are marked as unavailable areas in the installation site; and the areas other than the unavailable area in the installation site are determined as installable surfaces.
  • a simple arrangement mode that is, a "single row” mode can be realized. See Figure 2 for the explanation and schematic diagram of the "single row” method.
  • a grid is placed on the mountable surface.
  • the size of the grid is larger than the size of the mountable surface, and the grid includes a plurality of grid cells, wherein the size of the grid cells is larger than the size of the photovoltaic module.
  • the size of the grid unit is an integer multiple of the photovoltaic modules plus the space between the photovoltaic modules.
  • each grid cell is available.
  • the available grid cells include grid cells that are within the installation site and do not overlap with unusable areas. Through the “single row” method, you can quickly exclude grids that are outside the installation site or overlap with unusable areas and install photovoltaic modules in the remaining grid, thereby achieving simple and fast photovoltaic module installation.
  • the available grid units include grid units that are in the installation site and do not overlap or partially overlap with unusable areas. Through the "mixing" method, it is possible to use the area within the grid unit that partially overlaps with the unusable area, thereby achieving better space utilization.
  • Single row can be used for large-scale centralized and industrial and commercial photovoltaic design, as well as flat roof for household use, and mixed row can be used for photovoltaic design on pitched roof for household use.
  • the available grid cells are determined as areas where photovoltaic components can be installed.
  • the available grid units can be marked by a computer for arrangement of photovoltaic modules.
  • step 114 the photovoltaic modules are sequentially arranged in the installation site in different arrangements until no more photovoltaic modules can be arranged.
  • a "mixed arrangement" method can be realized, and the specific process is shown in FIG. 3.
  • the mixed row mode can be performed when the single row mode does not satisfy the requirements, for example.
  • the photovoltaic modules are arranged according to the optimal of the various arrangements or the priority order among the various arrangements.
  • the judging method of optimal arrangement or priority order can be, for example, one or more of the following: 1. Compare the number of components, the solution with more components is better; 3. Compare the length of the required guide rail, and the shorter guide rail is better ; 4. Compare the overall position of the component, the position far away from the ridge is better.
  • the comparison strategy may be that the previous item is the same and the next item is judged, or multiple common judgments are scored together.
  • the component tilt angle can be further optimized. On the basis of the default component inclination, increase ⁇ , and repeat the previous steps to obtain the optimal arrangement scheme under the component inclination. Then, compare the arrangement scheme under different component inclination angles, and compare and obtain the optimal scheme as the final scheme.
  • the present invention has at least the following beneficial effects: (1) the present invention can automatically determine the installation scheme of the photovoltaic module on the top of the building through artificial intelligence, thereby saving labor costs; (2) the present invention takes into account such as local natural environmental conditions , The maximum number of arrangements and other factors, and can achieve the optimal installation plan, which can improve the installed capacity and power generation of photovoltaic power plants; (3) The present invention can be adaptively implemented according to the conditions of the installation site. Flexible switching between "single row” and “mixed row” installation methods, thereby achieving the maximum number of photovoltaic modules installed.
  • FIG. 2 shows a first example of a method for arranging photovoltaic modules based on a grid according to the present invention. Specifically, FIG. 2 shows a “single row” embodiment according to the present invention.
  • the installation site 101 is an irregular polygon, on which a grid 102 (or “canvas”) is provided.
  • the grid 102 includes a plurality of grid cells 103, and the horizontal and vertical dimensions of each grid cell 103 are dx and dy, respectively.
  • the size of the grid unit 103 is twice that of the photovoltaic modules 107 plus the space between the photovoltaic modules 107.
  • the size of the grid unit 103 may be other multiples of the size of the photovoltaic module 107 plus the interval.
  • the photovoltaic module 107 may be, for example, a photovoltaic panel of a photovoltaic power station, that is, a solar panel.
  • the photovoltaic component 107 may also include other components, such as inverters, photovoltaic brackets, transmission lines, etc., which can also be arranged according to the present invention.
  • the "single row” scheme is elaborated below.
  • a grid 102 with a length and width slightly larger than the outline is generated in the top view.
  • the size of each grid cell of the grid 102 is dx ⁇ dy, which is composed of one or more components and the spacing between the front and back rows.
  • the grid of FIG. 2 contains two horizontal components.
  • the initial position of the grid 102 is tangent to the polygon of the installation site 101. According to the minimum value of the X and Y coordinates of each coordinate point of the installation site 101 after rotation, the position of the upper left corner of the grid (X min , Y min ).
  • the length and width of the grid 102 are integer multiples of the grid unit 103, that is, s ⁇ dx, t ⁇ dy, similar to a checkerboard grid, and each grid represents a grid unit. Then starting from the outline corner points of the installation site 101, the obstacle outline corner points, and several corner points of the grid 102, using the filling algorithm, find all unavailable (or infeasible) grid cells 103, that is, obstacles and The shaded cells 104 completely or partially overlap the grid cells 103, and the remaining grid cells 103 are the current arrangement scheme. For further optimization, the position of each row of grid cells can be further adjusted left and right on the basis of the current arrangement scheme, so that the most available on each row, thereby obtaining a better scheme.
  • the east and west take ⁇ x as the step size, and the north and south take the ⁇ y as the step size.
  • the whole moves to the position of the next grid unit 103.
  • the arrangement plan of the grid 102 at that position is obtained, and then continue to move To the position of the next grid cell 103.
  • Each new position is not more than dy from east to west, and not more than dx from north to south, that is, the distance of the overall moving grid 102 is at most one grid unit 103 size.
  • the comparison strategy is as follows. If the previous item is the same, the next item is judged: 1. Compare the number of components, the solution with more components is better; 2. Compare gcr (that is, the ratio of line spacing to dy), and the smaller gcr is better; 3. Compare Arrangement method, determine the priority according to actual experience; 4. Compare the overall position of the component, the position is centered in the roof is better.
  • FIG. 3 shows a second example of a method for arranging photovoltaic modules based on a grid according to the present invention. Specifically, FIG. 3 shows a "mixed row" embodiment according to the present invention.
  • the mixed row scheme is elaborated below.
  • the mixed layout is also designed in units similar to "grid cells".
  • the mixed layout can generally be performed when the single-row format does not meet the requirements.
  • First select the installation method that can participate in the mixed row for example, represented by nPm or nLm, where n represents the number of rows of photovoltaic modules in a single grid unit, m represents the number of rows of photovoltaic modules in a single grid unit, and P is vertical Arrangement, L is a horizontal arrangement; for example, 1P4 means 1X4 photovoltaic modules are arranged vertically, and 1L3 means 1X3 photovoltaic modules are arranged horizontally. The greater the number of components, the better the arrangement.
  • the inverter there is an upper limit on the number of cells in each grid.
  • the priority order of different installation methods For example, starting from the lower left corner of the roof, the grid elements are filled in a different order in a priority order from right to top. Other orders are also conceivable. If the current arrangement cannot be laid down, use the next arrangement to continue filling until the remaining space cannot be placed. Since there may be cases where the difference between the advantages and disadvantages of different arrangements is small, you can try to change the priority order, so you can finally get multiple possible arrangements.
  • the comparison strategy can be formulated according to actual needs.
  • the recommended comparison strategy is as follows. If the previous item is the same, the next item is judged: 1. Compare the number of components, the solution with more components is better; 2. Compare the length of the required guide rail, and the short one is Good; 3. Compare the overall position of the component, the position far away from the ridge is better.
  • another mixed arrangement method is to place photovoltaic modules in different ways in each available grid unit to obtain a variety of arrangements, wherein the available grid units include grids that do not overlap with obstacles and A grid with partially overlapping obstacles; and arranging the photovoltaic modules according to the best of the various arrangements.

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Abstract

A method for arranging photovoltaic modules on the basis of a grid, comprising: determining a mountable surface of an installation site; providing a grid (102) on the mountable surface, wherein the size of the grid (102) is greater than the size of the mountable surface and the grid (102) comprises a plurality of grid cells (103), wherein the size of each grid cell (103) is greater than the size of each photovoltaic module (107); determining whether each grid cell (103) is available; determining available grid cells (105) as regions where photovoltaic modules can be installed; and arranging the photovoltaic modules (107) in said regions. According to the method, the installation scheme of photovoltaic modules on the top of a building can be automatically determined by means of artificial intelligence, and the optimal installation scheme can be achieved due to consideration of multiple factors such as local natural environmental conditions and the maximum number of arrangement. This can not only improve the installation efficiency of photovoltaic modules and save labor and materials, but also improve the installed capacity and power generation capacity of a photovoltaic power station.

Description

一种基于网格布置光伏组件的方法Method for arranging photovoltaic modules based on grid 技术领域Technical field
本发明总体上涉及清洁能源领域和人工智能领域，具体而言，涉及一种基于网格布置光伏组件的方法。此外，本发明还涉及一种基于网格布置光伏组件的系统。The present invention generally relates to the field of clean energy and artificial intelligence, and in particular, to a method for arranging photovoltaic modules based on a grid. In addition, the invention also relates to a system for arranging photovoltaic modules based on a grid.
背景技术Background technique
随着现代社会的发展，人类对能源的依赖程度越来越高，能量需求也日益增长。目前，主要的能源是化石燃料。但是化石燃料是不可再生资源，且其燃烧会对环境造成较大污染。太阳能发电技术是未来摆脱化石燃料、减少温室气体排放的重要手段之一。With the development of modern society, mankind's dependence on energy is getting higher and higher, and the energy demand is also increasing. At present, the main energy source is fossil fuels. But fossil fuels are non-renewable resources, and their combustion will cause greater pollution to the environment. Solar power generation technology is one of the important means to get rid of fossil fuels and reduce greenhouse gas emissions in the future.
光伏电站是利用太阳能发电的主要手段。近年来，光伏电站呈现快速发展的趋势：仅2017年一年，全球光伏市场新增装机容量就达到102GW，同比增长超过37％，其中中国市场新增装机量53GW，分布式光伏新增装机量已经超过19GW，同比超过360％。光伏电站大多安装在建筑物的顶部。目前，在制定光伏电站在屋顶上的安装方案时，一般依靠工程的经验来确定光伏组件、尤其是光伏板的排布行间距和位置，或者通过人工计算得到较优的排布方案。但是由于各个建筑物的形状各异、所处自然环境千差万别，这造成了光伏电站的光伏组件、尤其是光伏板的安装极为费时费力，而且也难以达到最优的效果。Photovoltaic power plants are the main means of using solar power. In recent years, photovoltaic power plants have shown a rapid development trend: in 2017 alone, the new installed capacity of the global photovoltaic market reached 102GW, an increase of more than 37% year-on-year, of which 53GW was newly installed in the Chinese market and distributed PV was newly installed It has exceeded 19GW, more than 360% year-on-year. Most photovoltaic power plants are installed on top of buildings. At present, when formulating the installation plan of the photovoltaic power station on the roof, generally rely on the engineering experience to determine the arrangement row spacing and position of the photovoltaic modules, especially the photovoltaic panels, or obtain a better arrangement plan through manual calculation. However, due to the different shapes of the buildings and the different natural environments, this has caused the installation of photovoltaic modules, especially the photovoltaic panels, of the photovoltaic power plants to be extremely time-consuming and laborious, and it is difficult to achieve optimal results.
发明内容Summary of the invention
本发明的任务是一种基于网格布置光伏组件的方法和系统，通过该方法或该系统，可以通过人工智能自动地确定光伏组件在建筑物顶部的安装方案，而且本发明由于考虑到诸如当地自然环境条件、排布数量最大化等多个因素，而能够实现最优的安装方案，这不仅可以提高光伏组件安装效率并节省人力物力，而且还可以提高光伏电站的装机容量和发电量。The task of the present invention is a method and system for arranging photovoltaic modules based on a grid. Through this method or the system, the installation scheme of photovoltaic modules on the top of a building can be automatically determined by artificial intelligence. Multiple factors such as natural environmental conditions and maximum number of arrangements can achieve the optimal installation plan, which can not only improve the installation efficiency of photovoltaic modules and save manpower and resources, but also increase the installed capacity and power generation of photovoltaic power plants.
在本发明的第一方面，前述任务通过一种基于网格布置光伏组件的方法，包括：In the first aspect of the present invention, the foregoing task adopts a method for arranging photovoltaic modules based on a grid, including:
确定安装场地的可安装表面；Determine the installable surface of the installation site;
在可安装表面上设置网格，其中所述网格的大小大于可安装表面的大小并且所述网格包括多个网格单元，其中所述网格单元的大小大于光伏组件的大小；Providing a grid on the mountable surface, wherein the size of the grid is greater than the size of the mountable surface and the grid includes a plurality of grid cells, wherein the size of the grid cells is greater than the size of the photovoltaic module;
确定每个网格单元是否可用；Determine whether each grid cell is available;
将可用的网格单元确定为可安装光伏组件的区域；以及Determine the available grid cells as areas where photovoltaic modules can be installed; and
在可安装光伏组件的区域中布置光伏组件。The photovoltaic modules are arranged in the area where the photovoltaic modules can be installed.
在此应当指出，在本发明中，“安装场地”不仅涵盖了各种建筑物、房屋等人工设施，还涵盖了其它天然场所或经人工开发的半天然场所，只要这些场所可应用本发明的方案，即落入本发明的范围。It should be pointed out here that in the present invention, the “installation site” not only covers various buildings, houses and other artificial facilities, but also covers other natural sites or semi-natural sites that have been artificially developed, as long as these sites can apply the The solution falls within the scope of the present invention.
在本发明的一个优选方案中规定，确定安装场地的可安装表面包括：In a preferred solution of the present invention, it is provided that determining the installable surface of the installation site includes:
提供安装场地的俯视图；Provide a top view of the installation site;
根据俯视图识别安装场地内的第一障碍物的以及安装场地附近的第二障碍物；Identify the first obstacle in the installation site and the second obstacle near the installation site according to the top view;
确定安装场地的地理位置信息；Determine the geographic location information of the installation site;
根据地理位置信息确定第一障碍物和第二障碍物在安装场地上的阴影区域；Determine the shadow area of the first obstacle and the second obstacle on the installation site according to the geographic location information;
在安装场地内将第一障碍物的区域以及第一障碍物和第二障碍物的阴影区域标记为不可用区域；以及Mark the area of the first obstacle and the shaded areas of the first and second obstacles as unavailable areas within the installation site; and
将安装场地内的除去不可用区域以外的区域确定为可安装表面。The area other than the unusable area in the installation site is determined as the mountable surface.
通过该优选方案，可以避开安装场地内和安装场地附近的障碍物的阴影，由此可以将光伏组件安装在具有良好光照条件之处以提高发电量。为了确定阴影区域，首先可以计算一年内相关障碍物的阴影在屋顶上的包络轮廓。根据屋顶所在地理位置的经纬度，计算得到当地白天太阳不同时刻的位置信息，包括方位角和高度角。考虑到计算量，可以只考虑一年当中几个特殊日期，如春秋分和东夏至四天内每一整点的太阳位置信息，作为近似计算即可。根据屋顶的坡度和方位角，可以得到这四天内白天每个整点的阴影长度系数，即障碍物高度和屋面上影子长度的比值。将所有这些时刻某个障碍物的阴影区域，加上障碍物本身的区域一起求并集，即可得到该障碍物的总的阴影区域。对于无高度的障碍物，总的阴影区域即其自身区域。在布置光伏组件时，优选避开所有这 些阴影区域。With this preferred solution, the shadows of obstacles in and near the installation site can be avoided, so that the photovoltaic module can be installed in a place with good lighting conditions to increase power generation. In order to determine the shadow area, the envelope profile of the shadow of the relevant obstacle on the roof can be calculated first. According to the latitude and longitude of the geographical location of the roof, the location information of the local sun at different times during the day, including the azimuth and altitude, is calculated. Considering the amount of calculation, only a few special dates in a year, such as the spring and autumn equinoxes and the solar position information of every whole point within four days of the Eastern summer to the summer, can be used as an approximate calculation. According to the slope and azimuth of the roof, the shadow length coefficient of each hour during the four days can be obtained, that is, the ratio of the height of the obstacle to the length of the shadow on the roof. The shadow area of an obstacle at all these moments and the area of the obstacle itself are combined together to obtain the total shadow area of the obstacle. For obstacles without height, the total shadow area is its own area. When arranging photovoltaic modules, it is preferable to avoid all these shaded areas.
在本发明的另一优选方案中规定，所述地理位置信息包括安装场地在春分、秋分、夏至和冬至内每一整点的太阳位置信息。通过该优选方案，可以在简化计算的同时避开大部分阴影区域，从而实现优化的光伏组件布置。In another preferred solution of the present invention, it is provided that the geographic location information includes solar location information of the installation site at every hour of the spring equinox, autumn equinox, summer solstice, and winter solstice. With this preferred solution, most of the shadow areas can be avoided while simplifying the calculation, thereby achieving an optimized photovoltaic module arrangement.
在本发明的一个扩展方案中规定，在本发明的确定每个网格单元是否可用包括：In an extension of the present invention, it is provided that determining whether each grid unit is available in the present invention includes:
确定该网格单元是否处于安装场地内；以及Determine whether the grid unit is in the installation site; and
确定该网格单元是否与不可用区域具有重叠。Determine if the grid cell overlaps with the unavailable area.
通过该扩展方案，可以迅速排除处于安装场地外或者与不可用区域重叠的网格单元并且在剩余网格单元内安装光伏组件，由此实现简单、快速的光伏组件安装。但是应当指出，尽管这种“单排”方式具有简单、快速的特点，但是在一些场景中，为了实现更好的空间利用，可以采用“混排”方式，即通过采用不同放置方式(如横向或纵向布置光伏组件)来布置光伏组件来对与不可用区域部分重叠的网格加以利用。“混排”方式的详细介绍将在后面进行。Through this expansion scheme, grid cells outside the installation site or overlapping with unusable areas can be quickly eliminated and photovoltaic modules can be installed in the remaining grid cells, thereby achieving simple and fast photovoltaic module installation. However, it should be noted that although this "single row" method is simple and fast, in some scenarios, in order to achieve better space utilization, a "mixed row" method can be used, that is, by using different placement methods (such as horizontal Or vertically arrange photovoltaic modules) to arrange photovoltaic modules to utilize grids that partially overlap with unusable areas. A detailed introduction to the "mixed row" method will be made later.
在本发明的一个优选方案中规定，在可安装表面上设置网格包括：In a preferred solution of the present invention, it is provided that setting a grid on the mountable surface includes:
提供网格；以及Provide a grid; and
在可安装表面上移动网格，使得网格的最多数目的网格单元落入可安装表面内。Move the grid on the mountable surface so that the maximum number of grid cells of the grid fall into the mountable surface.
通过该优选方案，可以对网格与安装场地、如屋顶的相对位置进行粗调，以使网格较好地适应于安装场地，从而达到更好的布置结果、如布置更多光伏组件。Through this preferred solution, the relative position of the grid and the installation site, such as the roof, can be adjusted roughly, so that the grid is better adapted to the installation site, so as to achieve better layout results, such as more photovoltaic modules.
在本发明的另一优选方案中规定，在可安装光伏组件的区域中布置光伏组件包括：In another preferred solution of the present invention, it is provided that the arrangement of the photovoltaic module in the area where the photovoltaic module can be installed includes:
在水平方向上将每一行网格单元移动一个水平位移，使得在每一行网格单元内能够容纳尽量多的光伏组件，其中所述水平位移小于或等于单个网格单元的水平尺寸；和/或Moving each row of grid cells in the horizontal direction by one horizontal displacement so that as many photovoltaic modules as possible can be accommodated in each row of grid cells, wherein the horizontal displacement is less than or equal to the horizontal dimension of a single grid cell; and/or
在水平方向上和垂直方向上将网格逐次移动一个水平位移和一个垂直位移，使得在网格内能够容纳尽量多的光伏组件，其中所述水平位移不大于单个网格单元的水平尺寸并且所述垂直位移不大于单个网格单元的垂直尺寸。Move the grid one horizontal displacement and one vertical displacement successively in the horizontal direction and the vertical direction, so that as many photovoltaic modules as possible can be accommodated in the grid, wherein the horizontal displacement is not greater than the horizontal size of a single grid unit and the The vertical displacement is not greater than the vertical dimension of a single grid cell.
通过该优选方案，可以在布置光伏组件时对网格与安装场地、如屋顶的相对位置进行微调，以使网格更好地适应于安装场地，从而达到更好的布置结果、如布置更多光伏组件。Through this preferred solution, the relative positions of the grid and the installation site, such as the roof, can be fine-tuned when the photovoltaic modules are arranged, so that the grid is better adapted to the installation site, so as to achieve better layout results, such as more layout Photovoltaic modules.
在本发明的又一优选方案中规定，在可安装光伏组件的区域中布置光伏组件包括：In another preferred solution of the present invention, it is provided that the arrangement of photovoltaic modules in an area where photovoltaic modules can be installed includes:
从安装场地中的顶点开始，以不同排布方式在安装场地中顺序地布置光伏组件直到不能布置更多的光伏组件；以及Starting from the apex in the installation site, the photovoltaic modules are sequentially arranged in the installation site in different arrangements until no more photovoltaic modules can be arranged; and
在所述多种布置方案的优先次序来布置光伏组件。The photovoltaic modules are arranged in the priority order of the various arrangement schemes.
通过该优选方案，可以实现“混排”方式，即通过改变光伏组件在网格内的安装方式来对与不可用区域部分重叠的网格加以利用。例如，混排也以网格单元为单位进行排布设计。首先，选择可以参与混排的安装方式、如横向放置和纵向放置、倾斜放置光伏组件等等，然后根据优劣得到不同安装方式的优先顺序。然后，从屋顶一角开始，按优先顺序用不同排布方式的网格单元往右往下进行填充。如果当前排布方式已经无法放下，则换用下一种排布方式继续填充，直到剩余的空间无法排下组件。由于不同排布方式可能存在优劣差异较小的情况，可以尝试调换优先顺序，因此最后可以得到多个可能的排布方案。最后通过比较策略，得到其中最优的混排方案。With this preferred solution, a "mixed row" mode can be realized, that is, by changing the installation method of the photovoltaic modules in the grid, the grid partially overlapping with the unusable area is utilized. For example, the mixed arrangement is also arranged in units of grid units. First, choose the installation methods that can participate in the mixed arrangement, such as horizontal and vertical placement, tilted placement of photovoltaic modules, etc., and then get the priority order of different installation methods according to the advantages and disadvantages. Then, starting from the corner of the roof, fill the grid cells with different arrangements in the order of priority to the right. If the current arrangement cannot be laid down, use the next arrangement to continue filling until the remaining space cannot be placed. Since different arrangements may have small differences in advantages and disadvantages, you can try to change the priority order, so you can finally get multiple possible arrangements. Finally, by comparing strategies, the best mixed arrangement scheme is obtained.
在本发明的一个扩展方案中规定，网格单元的大小为光伏组件的整数倍加上前后行光伏组件之间的间隔区域。通过该扩展方案，可以实现光伏组件的灵活安装方案以及简单的排布方式。In an extension of the present invention, it is provided that the size of the grid unit is an integer multiple of the photovoltaic module plus the space between the preceding and the next photovoltaic modules. Through this expansion scheme, a flexible installation scheme and simple arrangement of photovoltaic modules can be achieved.
在本发明的第二方面，前述任务通过一种基于网格布置光伏组件的系统来解决，该系统包括：In the second aspect of the present invention, the foregoing task is solved by a grid-based arrangement of photovoltaic modules, the system comprising:
无人机，其被配置为拍摄安装场地的多个照片；以及UAV, which is configured to take multiple photos of the installation site; and
服务器，其被配置为执行下列动作：The server, which is configured to perform the following actions:
基于所述多个照片生成俯视图；Generate a top view based on the multiple photos;
基于俯视图确定安装场地的可安装表面；Determine the installable surface of the installation site based on the top view;
在可安装表面上设置网格，其中所述网格的大小大于可安装表面的大小并且述网格包括多个网格单元，其中所述网格单元的大小大于光伏组件的大小；Providing a grid on the mountable surface, wherein the size of the grid is larger than the size of the mountable surface and the grid includes a plurality of grid cells, wherein the size of the grid cells is larger than the size of the photovoltaic module;
确定每个网格单元是否可用；Determine whether each grid cell is available;
将可用的网格单元确定为可安装光伏组件的区域；以及Determine the available grid cells as areas where photovoltaic modules can be installed; and
在可安装光伏组件的区域中布置光伏组件。The photovoltaic modules are arranged in the area where the photovoltaic modules can be installed.
在本发明的一个优选方案中规定，基于俯视图确定安装场地的可安装表面包括：In a preferred solution of the present invention, it is provided that determining the installable surface of the installation site based on the top view includes:
根据俯视图识别安装场地内的第一障碍物的以及安装场地附近的第二障碍物；Identify the first obstacle in the installation site and the second obstacle near the installation site according to the top view;
确定安装场地的地理位置信息；Determine the geographic location information of the installation site;
根据地理位置信息确定第一障碍物和第二障碍物在安装场地上的阴影区域；Determine the shadow area of the first obstacle and the second obstacle on the installation site according to the geographic location information;
在安装场地内将第一障碍物的区域以及第一障碍物和第二障碍物的阴影区域标记为不可用区域；以及Mark the area of the first obstacle and the shaded areas of the first and second obstacles as unavailable areas within the installation site; and
将安装场地内的除去不可用区域以外的区域确定为可安装表面。The area other than the unusable area in the installation site is determined as the mountable surface.
此外，本发明还涉及一种机器可读存储介质，其具有存储在其上的计算机程序，所述计算机程序被配置为执行根据本发明的方法。Furthermore, the invention also relates to a machine-readable storage medium having a computer program stored thereon, the computer program being configured to perform the method according to the invention.
本发明至少具有下列有益效果：(1)本发明可以通过人工智能自动地确定光伏组件在建筑物顶部的安装方案，由此节省了人力成本；(2)本发明由于考虑到诸如当地自然环境条件、排布数量最大化等多个因素，而能够实现最优的安装方案，由此可以提高光伏电站的装机容量和发电量；(3)本发明能够根据安装场地的条件，自适应地实现“单排”和“混排”安装方式的灵活切换，由此实现光伏组件数目最大化的安装。The present invention has at least the following beneficial effects: (1) the present invention can automatically determine the installation scheme of the photovoltaic module on the top of the building through artificial intelligence, thereby saving labor costs; (2) the present invention takes into account such as local natural environmental conditions , The maximum number of arrangements and other factors, and can achieve the optimal installation plan, which can improve the installed capacity and power generation of photovoltaic power plants; (3) The present invention can be adaptively implemented according to the conditions of the installation site. Flexible switching between "single row" and "mixed row" installation methods, thereby achieving the maximum number of photovoltaic modules installed.
附图说明BRIEF DESCRIPTION
下面结合附图参考具体实施例来进一步阐述本发明。The present invention will be further described below with reference to specific embodiments in conjunction with the drawings.
图1示出了根据本发明的基于网格布置光伏组件的方法的流程；FIG. 1 shows a flow of a method for arranging photovoltaic modules based on a grid according to the present invention;
图2示出了根据本发明的基于网格布置光伏组件的方法的第一实施例；以及2 shows a first embodiment of a method for arranging photovoltaic modules based on a grid according to the present invention; and
图3示出了根据本发明的基于网格布置光伏组件的方法的第二实施例。Fig. 3 shows a second embodiment of a method for arranging photovoltaic modules based on a grid according to the present invention.
具体实施方式detailed description
应当指出，各附图中的各组件可能为了图解说明而被夸大地示出，而不一定是比例正确的。在各附图中，给相同或功能相同的组件配备了相同的附图标记。It should be noted that the various components in the various figures may be exaggerated for illustrative purposes, and are not necessarily to scale. In each drawing, the same or the same function component is provided with the same reference symbol.
在本发明中，各实施例仅仅旨在说明本发明的方案，而不应被理解为限制性的。In the present invention, the embodiments are only intended to illustrate the solution of the present invention, and should not be construed as limiting.
在本发明中，除非特别指出，量词“一个”、“一”并未排除多个元素的场景。In the present invention, unless otherwise specified, the quantifiers "one" and "one" do not exclude the scene of multiple elements.
在此还应当指出，在本发明的实施例中，为清楚、简单起见，可能示出了仅仅一部分部件或组件，但是本领域的普通技术人员能够理解，在本发明的教导下，可根据具体场景需要添加所需的部件或组件。It should also be noted here that in the embodiments of the present invention, for the sake of clarity and simplicity, only a part of parts or components may be shown, but those of ordinary skill in the art can understand that, under the teaching of the present invention, specific The scene needs to add the required parts or components.
在此还应当指出，在本发明的范围内，“相同”、“相等”、“等于”等措辞并不意味着二者数值绝对相等，而是允许一定的合理误差，也就是说，所述措辞也涵盖了“基本上相同”、“基本上相等”、“基本上等于”。It should also be noted here that, within the scope of the present invention, the expressions “same”, “equal”, and “equal to” do not mean that the two values are absolutely equal, but allow a certain reasonable error, that is to say, the The wording also covers "substantially the same", "substantially equal", "substantially equal".
另外，本发明的各方法的步骤的编号并未限定所述方法步骤的执行顺序。除非特别指出，各方法步骤可以以不同顺序执行。In addition, the number of the steps of each method of the present invention does not limit the execution order of the method steps. Unless otherwise specified, the method steps can be performed in a different order.
图1示出了根据本发明的基于网格布置光伏组件的方法100的流程，其中虚线框表示可选步骤。FIG. 1 shows a flow of a method 100 for arranging photovoltaic modules based on a grid according to the present invention, where a dotted box represents optional steps.
本发明针对不同的光伏行业运营模式、屋顶类型和自然条件，提出了一种快速和高度自动化和智能的光伏组件布置方法。The present invention proposes a fast and highly automated and intelligent photovoltaic module layout method for different photovoltaic industry operation modes, roof types and natural conditions.
下面详细阐述本发明的方法。The method of the present invention is explained in detail below.
在可选步骤102，确定安装场地的地理位置信息。在此应当指出，在本发明中，“安装场地”不仅涵盖了各种建筑物、房屋等人工设施，还涵盖了其它天然场所或经人工开发的半天然场所，只要这些场所可应用本发明的方案，即落入本发明的范围。为了确定安装场地的地理位置信息，例如可以查询地理信息数据库，也可以由用户自行输入。地理位置信息例如包括经纬度、日照信息等等。此外，还可以通过检索数据库或询问用户来确定其它屋顶信息。例如，可以确定屋顶的倾角即屋顶坡度角。一般倾角≤3°的屋顶认为是平屋顶，否则为斜屋顶，该判断阈值可以根据不同需要进行调整。平屋顶排布时，需要用架子支撑组件，每一行网格单元对齐排列，每个网格单元上可以放置一块或者多块组件，以保证组件具有固定的倾角和朝向，前后行网格单元之间一般有一段行间距，以避免前一行组件遮挡后边的组件影响发电；斜屋顶排布时，一般采用平铺在屋面上的方式，每一行组件会对齐固定在两根导轨上，由于是平铺在屋面上，不存在遮挡，前后行网格单元之间没有行间距限 制。In optional step 102, the geographic location information of the installation site is determined. It should be pointed out here that in the present invention, the “installation site” not only covers various buildings, houses and other artificial facilities, but also covers other natural sites or semi-natural sites that have been artificially developed, as long as these sites can apply the The solution falls within the scope of the present invention. In order to determine the geographic location information of the installation site, for example, a geographic information database may be queried, or it may be input by the user. The geographic location information includes, for example, latitude and longitude, sunshine information, and so on. In addition, other roof information can be determined by searching the database or querying the user. For example, the inclination angle of the roof, that is, the roof slope angle can be determined. Generally, a roof with an inclination angle of ≤3° is considered a flat roof, otherwise it is a pitched roof, and the judgment threshold can be adjusted according to different needs. When arranging flat roofs, you need to support the components with shelves. Each row of grid units is aligned. One or more components can be placed on each grid unit to ensure that the components have a fixed inclination and orientation. There is generally a line spacing between the rows to prevent the previous row of components from covering the rear components and affecting the power generation; when the inclined roof is arranged, it is generally laid on the roof. Each row of components will be aligned and fixed on two rails, because it is Paved on the roof, there is no occlusion, and there is no line spacing limit between the front and back grid cells.
在可选步骤104，根据地理位置信息确定障碍物在安装场地上的阴影区域。所述障碍物包括安装场地内的障碍物和安装场地附近的可能遮蔽安装场地的障碍物。为了确定阴影区域，首先可以计算一年内相关障碍物的阴影在屋顶上的包络轮廓。根据屋顶所在地理位置的经纬度，计算得到当地白天太阳不同时刻的位置信息，包括方位角和高度角。考虑到计算量，可以只考虑一年当中几个特殊日期，如春秋分和东夏至四天内每一整点的太阳位置信息，作为近似计算即可。根据屋顶的坡度和方位角，可以得到这四天内白天每个整点的阴影长度系数，即障碍物高度和屋面上影子长度的比值。将所有这些时刻某个障碍物的阴影区域，加上障碍物本身的区域一起求并集，即可得到该障碍物的总的阴影区域。对于无高度的障碍物，总的阴影区域即其自身区域。在布置光伏组件时，优选避开所有这些阴影区域。通过该可选步骤，可以避开安装场地内和安装场地附近的障碍物的阴影，由此可以将光伏组件安装在具有良好光照条件之处以提高发电量。In optional step 104, the shadow area of the obstacle on the installation site is determined according to the geographic location information. The obstacles include obstacles in the installation site and obstacles near the installation site that may cover the installation site. In order to determine the shadow area, the envelope profile of the shadow of the relevant obstacle on the roof can be calculated first. According to the latitude and longitude of the geographical location of the roof, the location information of the local sun at different times during the day, including the azimuth and altitude, is calculated. Considering the amount of calculation, only a few special dates in a year, such as the spring and autumn equinoxes and the solar position information of every whole point within four days of the Eastern summer to the summer, can be used as an approximate calculation. According to the slope and azimuth of the roof, the shadow length coefficient of each hour during the four days can be obtained, that is, the ratio of the height of the obstacle to the length of the shadow on the roof. The shadow area of an obstacle at all these moments and the area of the obstacle itself are combined together to obtain the total shadow area of the obstacle. For obstacles without height, the total shadow area is its own area. When arranging photovoltaic modules, it is preferable to avoid all these shaded areas. Through this optional step, the shadow of obstacles in and near the installation site can be avoided, so that the photovoltaic module can be installed in a place with good lighting conditions to increase power generation.
在步骤106，确定安装场地的可安装表面。这例如可以通过如下方式来进行：首先，在安装场地内将障碍物的区域以及障碍物的阴影区域标记为不可用区域；将安装场地内的除去不可用区域以外的区域确定为可安装表面。通过该步骤，可以实现简单的排布方式、即“单排”方式。“单排”方式的阐述及示意图参见图2。At step 106, the installable surface of the installation site is determined. This can be done, for example, in the following manner: first, the area of the obstacle and the shaded area of the obstacle are marked as unavailable areas in the installation site; and the areas other than the unavailable area in the installation site are determined as installable surfaces. Through this step, a simple arrangement mode, that is, a "single row" mode can be realized. See Figure 2 for the explanation and schematic diagram of the "single row" method.
在步骤108，在可安装表面上设置网格。在此，所述网格的大小大于可安装表面的大小，并且述网格包括多个网格单元，其中所述网格单元的大小大于光伏组件的大小。例如，网格单元的大小为光伏组件的整数倍加上光伏组件之间的间隔区域。At step 108, a grid is placed on the mountable surface. Here, the size of the grid is larger than the size of the mountable surface, and the grid includes a plurality of grid cells, wherein the size of the grid cells is larger than the size of the photovoltaic module. For example, the size of the grid unit is an integer multiple of the photovoltaic modules plus the space between the photovoltaic modules.
在步骤110，确定每个网格单元是否可用。在“单排”情况下，可用的网格单元包括处于安装场地内且与不可用区域不具有重叠的网格单元。通过“单排”方式，可以迅速排除处于安装场地外或者与不可用区域重叠的网格并且在剩余网格内安装光伏组件，由此实现简单、快速的光伏组件安装。但是在“混排”情况下，可用的网格单元包括处于安装场地内且与不可用区域不重叠或者部分重叠的网格单元。通过“混排”方式，可以利用与不可用区域部分重叠的网格单元内的区域，由此实现更好的空间利用。“混排”方式的阐述及示意图参见图3。单排例如可 以用于大型集中式和工商业光伏设计、以及户用的平屋顶，而混排可以用于户用斜屋顶上的光伏设计。At step 110, it is determined whether each grid cell is available. In the case of "single row", the available grid cells include grid cells that are within the installation site and do not overlap with unusable areas. Through the "single row" method, you can quickly exclude grids that are outside the installation site or overlap with unusable areas and install photovoltaic modules in the remaining grid, thereby achieving simple and fast photovoltaic module installation. However, in the case of "mixed row", the available grid units include grid units that are in the installation site and do not overlap or partially overlap with unusable areas. Through the "mixing" method, it is possible to use the area within the grid unit that partially overlaps with the unusable area, thereby achieving better space utilization. Refer to Figure 3 for an explanation and schematic diagram of the "mixed row" method. Single row can be used for large-scale centralized and industrial and commercial photovoltaic design, as well as flat roof for household use, and mixed row can be used for photovoltaic design on pitched roof for household use.
在可选步骤112，将可用的网格单元确定为可安装光伏组件的区域。为此，可以通过计算机对可用网格单元进行标记以进行光伏组件排布。In optional step 112, the available grid cells are determined as areas where photovoltaic components can be installed. To this end, the available grid units can be marked by a computer for arrangement of photovoltaic modules.
在可选步骤114，以不同排布方式在安装场地中顺序地布置光伏组件直到不能布置更多的光伏组件。通过可选步骤114，可以实现“混排”方式，其具体流程参见图3。混排方式例如可以在单排方式不满足要求时进行。In optional step 114, the photovoltaic modules are sequentially arranged in the installation site in different arrangements until no more photovoltaic modules can be arranged. Through optional step 114, a "mixed arrangement" method can be realized, and the specific process is shown in FIG. 3. The mixed row mode can be performed when the single row mode does not satisfy the requirements, for example.
在可选步骤116，根据所述多种布置方式中的最优者或者多种布置方式中的优先次序来布置光伏组件。最优布置方式或优先次序的评判方式例如可以是下列各种中的一项或多项：1.比较组件数量，组件多的方案为好；3.比较所需导轨长度，导轨短的为好；4.比较组件整体位置，位置远离屋脊的为好。比较策略可以是前一项相同则判断下一项，或者多项共同判断共同打分。In optional step 116, the photovoltaic modules are arranged according to the optimal of the various arrangements or the priority order among the various arrangements. The judging method of optimal arrangement or priority order can be, for example, one or more of the following: 1. Compare the number of components, the solution with more components is better; 3. Compare the length of the required guide rail, and the shorter guide rail is better ; 4. Compare the overall position of the component, the position far away from the ridge is better. The comparison strategy may be that the previous item is the same and the next item is judged, or multiple common judgments are scored together.
此外，还可以进一步优化组件倾角。在默认组件倾角的基础上，增加Δθ，并重新进行前面的步骤，得到该组件倾角下的最优排布方案。然后，对比不同组件倾角下的排布方案，比较得到最优的方案即为最终方案。In addition, the component tilt angle can be further optimized. On the basis of the default component inclination, increase Δθ, and repeat the previous steps to obtain the optimal arrangement scheme under the component inclination. Then, compare the arrangement scheme under different component inclination angles, and compare and obtain the optimal scheme as the final scheme.
本发明至少具有下列有益效果：(1)本发明可以通过人工智能自动地确定光伏组件在建筑物顶部的安装方案，由此节省了人力成本；(2)本发明由于考虑到诸如当地自然环境条件、排布数量最大化等多个因素，而能够实现最优的安装方案，由此可以提高光伏电站的装机容量和发电量；(3)本发明能够根据安装场地的条件，自适应地实现“单排”和“混排”安装方式的灵活切换，由此实现光伏组件数目最大化的安装。The present invention has at least the following beneficial effects: (1) the present invention can automatically determine the installation scheme of the photovoltaic module on the top of the building through artificial intelligence, thereby saving labor costs; (2) the present invention takes into account such as local natural environmental conditions , The maximum number of arrangements and other factors, and can achieve the optimal installation plan, which can improve the installed capacity and power generation of photovoltaic power plants; (3) The present invention can be adaptively implemented according to the conditions of the installation site. Flexible switching between "single row" and "mixed row" installation methods, thereby achieving the maximum number of photovoltaic modules installed.
图2示出了根据本发明的基于网格布置光伏组件的方法的第一实施例，具体而言，图2示出了根据本发明的“单排”实施方式。FIG. 2 shows a first example of a method for arranging photovoltaic modules based on a grid according to the present invention. Specifically, FIG. 2 shows a “single row” embodiment according to the present invention.
如图2所示，安装场地101为一不规则多边形，在其上设置有网格102(或称“画布”)。网格102包括多个网格单元103，每个网格单元103的水平和垂直尺寸分别为dx和dy。在本实施例中，网格单元103的大小为光伏组件107的两倍加上光伏组件107之间的间隔区域。但是在其它实施例中，网格单元103的大小也可以是光伏组件107的大小的其它倍数加上间隔。光伏组件107例如可以是光伏电站的光伏板、即太 阳能电池板。当然，光伏组件107还可以包括其它组件、如逆变器、光伏支架、输电线路等等，它们同样可以根据本发明进行排布。As shown in FIG. 2, the installation site 101 is an irregular polygon, on which a grid 102 (or “canvas”) is provided. The grid 102 includes a plurality of grid cells 103, and the horizontal and vertical dimensions of each grid cell 103 are dx and dy, respectively. In this embodiment, the size of the grid unit 103 is twice that of the photovoltaic modules 107 plus the space between the photovoltaic modules 107. However, in other embodiments, the size of the grid unit 103 may be other multiples of the size of the photovoltaic module 107 plus the interval. The photovoltaic module 107 may be, for example, a photovoltaic panel of a photovoltaic power station, that is, a solar panel. Of course, the photovoltaic component 107 may also include other components, such as inverters, photovoltaic brackets, transmission lines, etc., which can also be arranged according to the present invention.
下面详细阐述“单排”方案。单排时，先根据安装场地101、如屋顶的轮廓，在俯视图上生成一个长宽略大于轮廓的网格102。网格102的每个网格单元的尺寸都为dx×dy，由一个或多个组件和前后行间距组合而成，图2的网格中包含2个横排的组件。网格102的初始位置与安装场地101的多边形相切，根据安装场地101在旋转后的各个坐标点中X、Y坐标的最小值，即可得到网格左上角的位置(X min，Y min)。网格102的长宽分别为网格单元103的整数倍，即s×dx，t×dy，类似棋盘格，每一格即表示一个网格单元。然后从安装场地101的轮廓角点、障碍物轮廓角点、网格102的几个角点开始，利用填充算法，找到所有不可用(或不可行)的网格单元103、即与障碍物及阴影104完全或部分重叠的网格单元103，剩下的网格单元103即为当前的排布方案。为了进一步优化，可以在当前排布方案的基础上，进一步左右调整每一行网格单元的位置，使得每一行上可用的最多，由此可以得到更优方案。然后，东西以Δx为步长，南北以Δy为步长，整体移动到下一个网格单元103的位置，按照前面所述的方法，得到网格102在该位置的排布方案，接着继续移动到下一个网格单元103的位置。每个新的位置与初始的位置东西相距不超过dy，南北相距不超过dx，即整体移动网格102的距离最多为一个网格单元103的尺寸。这样依次遍历所有画布位置下的排布方案后，通过比较得到最后的方案。比较策略如下，如果前一项相同则判断下一项：1.比较组件数量，组件多的方案为好；2.比较gcr(即行间距与dy的比值)，gcr小的为好；3.比较排布方式，根据实际经验确定优先顺序；4.比较组件整体位置，位置在屋顶内居中的为好。 The "single row" scheme is elaborated below. In a single row, first, according to the outline of the installation site 101, such as the roof, a grid 102 with a length and width slightly larger than the outline is generated in the top view. The size of each grid cell of the grid 102 is dx×dy, which is composed of one or more components and the spacing between the front and back rows. The grid of FIG. 2 contains two horizontal components. The initial position of the grid 102 is tangent to the polygon of the installation site 101. According to the minimum value of the X and Y coordinates of each coordinate point of the installation site 101 after rotation, the position of the upper left corner of the grid (X min , Y min ). The length and width of the grid 102 are integer multiples of the grid unit 103, that is, s×dx, t×dy, similar to a checkerboard grid, and each grid represents a grid unit. Then starting from the outline corner points of the installation site 101, the obstacle outline corner points, and several corner points of the grid 102, using the filling algorithm, find all unavailable (or infeasible) grid cells 103, that is, obstacles and The shaded cells 104 completely or partially overlap the grid cells 103, and the remaining grid cells 103 are the current arrangement scheme. For further optimization, the position of each row of grid cells can be further adjusted left and right on the basis of the current arrangement scheme, so that the most available on each row, thereby obtaining a better scheme. Then, the east and west take Δx as the step size, and the north and south take the Δy as the step size. The whole moves to the position of the next grid unit 103. According to the method described above, the arrangement plan of the grid 102 at that position is obtained, and then continue to move To the position of the next grid cell 103. Each new position is not more than dy from east to west, and not more than dx from north to south, that is, the distance of the overall moving grid 102 is at most one grid unit 103 size. After traversing the arrangement schemes under all the canvas positions in this way, the final scheme is obtained through comparison. The comparison strategy is as follows. If the previous item is the same, the next item is judged: 1. Compare the number of components, the solution with more components is better; 2. Compare gcr (that is, the ratio of line spacing to dy), and the smaller gcr is better; 3. Compare Arrangement method, determine the priority according to actual experience; 4. Compare the overall position of the component, the position is centered in the roof is better.
从图2中可以得知，通过“单排”方式，可以迅速排除处于安装场地外或者与不可用区域重叠的网格并且在剩余网格内安装光伏组件，由此实现简单、快速的光伏组件安装。It can be seen from FIG. 2 that through the “single row” method, grids outside the installation site or overlapping with unusable areas can be quickly excluded and photovoltaic modules can be installed in the remaining grids, thereby achieving simple and fast photovoltaic modules installation.
图3示出了根据本发明的基于网格布置光伏组件的方法的第二实施例，具体而言，图3示出了根据本发明的“混排”实施方式。FIG. 3 shows a second example of a method for arranging photovoltaic modules based on a grid according to the present invention. Specifically, FIG. 3 shows a "mixed row" embodiment according to the present invention.
在图3中，网格的设置与图2相同，因此未进一步示出。In FIG. 3, the setting of the grid is the same as in FIG. 2, so it is not shown further.
下面详细阐述“混排”方案。混排时也是以类似“网格单元”的单位进行排布设计，混排方式一般可以在单排方式不满足要求时进行。首 先选择可以参与混排的安装方式，例如用nPm或者nLm来表示，其中n表示单个网格单元内的光伏组件的排数，m表示单个网格单元内的光伏组件的列数，P为纵向排布，L为横向排布；例如，1P4表示纵向地布置1X4个光伏组件，而1L3表示横向地布置1X3个光伏组件。组件数量越多对应的排布方式越好。考虑逆变器功率的限制，每个网格单元内数量有一个上限。根据屋顶倾角，计算每个安装方式下网格单元内所需导轨的长度，相同组件数量下导轨长度越短，对应的安装方式越优。从而得到不同安装方式的优先顺序。然后，例如从屋顶左下角开始，按优先顺序用不同排布方式对网格单元往右往上进行填充，其它顺序也是可设想的。如果当前排布方式已经无法放下，则换用下一种排布方式继续填充，直到剩余的空间无法排下组件。由于不同排布方式可能存在优劣差异较小的情况，可以尝试调换优先顺序，因此最后可以得到多个可能的排布方案。最后通过比较策略，得到其中最优的混排方案。比较策略可根据实际需要制定，推荐的比较策略如下，如果前一项相同则判断下一项：1.比较组件数量，组件多的方案为好；2.比较所需导轨长度，导轨短的为好；3.比较组件整体位置，位置远离屋脊的为好。此外，另一种混排方式是，在每个可用网格单元内分别以不同方式放置光伏组件以得到多种布置方式，其中所述可用网格单元包括与障碍物不重叠的网格以及与障碍物部分重叠的网格；以及根据所述多种布置方式中的最优者来布置光伏组件。The "mixed row" scheme is elaborated below. The mixed layout is also designed in units similar to "grid cells". The mixed layout can generally be performed when the single-row format does not meet the requirements. First select the installation method that can participate in the mixed row, for example, represented by nPm or nLm, where n represents the number of rows of photovoltaic modules in a single grid unit, m represents the number of rows of photovoltaic modules in a single grid unit, and P is vertical Arrangement, L is a horizontal arrangement; for example, 1P4 means 1X4 photovoltaic modules are arranged vertically, and 1L3 means 1X3 photovoltaic modules are arranged horizontally. The greater the number of components, the better the arrangement. Considering the power limitation of the inverter, there is an upper limit on the number of cells in each grid. According to the roof inclination, calculate the length of the guide rails required in the grid unit for each installation method. The shorter the guide rail length for the same number of components, the better the corresponding installation method. In order to get the priority order of different installation methods. Then, for example, starting from the lower left corner of the roof, the grid elements are filled in a different order in a priority order from right to top. Other orders are also conceivable. If the current arrangement cannot be laid down, use the next arrangement to continue filling until the remaining space cannot be placed. Since there may be cases where the difference between the advantages and disadvantages of different arrangements is small, you can try to change the priority order, so you can finally get multiple possible arrangements. Finally, by comparing strategies, the best mixed arrangement scheme is obtained. The comparison strategy can be formulated according to actual needs. The recommended comparison strategy is as follows. If the previous item is the same, the next item is judged: 1. Compare the number of components, the solution with more components is better; 2. Compare the length of the required guide rail, and the short one is Good; 3. Compare the overall position of the component, the position far away from the ridge is better. In addition, another mixed arrangement method is to place photovoltaic modules in different ways in each available grid unit to obtain a variety of arrangements, wherein the available grid units include grids that do not overlap with obstacles and A grid with partially overlapping obstacles; and arranging the photovoltaic modules according to the best of the various arrangements.
从图3中可以得知，通过“混排”方式，可以利用与不可用区域部分重叠的网格单元内的区域，由此实现更好的空间利用。It can be known from FIG. 3 that by using the “shuffle” method, the area in the grid unit partially overlapping with the unusable area can be utilized, thereby achieving better space utilization.
虽然本发明的一些实施方式已经在本申请文件中予以了描述，但是本领域技术人员能够理解，这些实施方式仅仅是作为示例示出的。本领域技术人员在本发明的教导下可以想到众多的变型方案、替代方案和改进方案而不超出本发明的范围。所附权利要求书旨在限定本发明的范围，并藉此涵盖这些权利要求本身及其等同变换的范围内的方法和结构。Although some embodiments of the present invention have been described in this application document, those skilled in the art can understand that these embodiments are only shown as examples. Under the teaching of the present invention, those skilled in the art can think of numerous variations, alternatives, and improvements without exceeding the scope of the present invention. The appended claims are intended to define the scope of the present invention, and thereby cover the methods and structures within the scope of the claims themselves and their equivalents.

Claims (11)

  1. 一种基于网格布置光伏组件的方法，包括：A method for arranging photovoltaic modules based on grid includes:
    确定安装场地的可安装表面；Determine the installable surface of the installation site;
    在可安装表面上设置网格，其中所述网格的大小大于可安装表面的大小并且所述网格包括多个网格单元，其中所述网格单元的大小大于光伏组件的大小；A grid is provided on the mountable surface, wherein the size of the grid is greater than the size of the mountable surface and the grid includes a plurality of grid cells, wherein the size of the grid cells is greater than the size of the photovoltaic module;
    确定每个网格单元是否可用；Determine whether each grid cell is available;
    将可用的网格单元确定为可安装光伏组件的区域；以及Determine the available grid cells as areas where photovoltaic modules can be installed; and
    在可安装光伏组件的区域中布置光伏组件。The photovoltaic modules are arranged in the area where the photovoltaic modules can be installed.
  2. 根据权利要求1所述的方法，其中确定安装场地的可安装表面包括：The method of claim 1, wherein determining the installable surface of the installation site includes:
    提供安装场地的俯视图；Provide a top view of the installation site;
    根据俯视图识别安装场地内的第一障碍物的以及安装场地附近的第二障碍物；Identify the first obstacle in the installation site and the second obstacle near the installation site according to the top view;
    确定安装场地的地理位置信息；Determine the geographic location information of the installation site;
    根据地理位置信息确定第一障碍物和第二障碍物在安装场地上的阴影区域；Determine the shadow area of the first obstacle and the second obstacle on the installation site according to the geographic location information;
    在安装场地内将第一障碍物的区域以及第一障碍物和第二障碍物的阴影区域标记为不可用区域；以及Mark the area of the first obstacle and the shaded areas of the first and second obstacles as unavailable areas within the installation site; and
    将安装场地内的除去不可用区域以外的区域确定为可安装表面。The area other than the unusable area in the installation site is determined as the mountable surface.
  3. 根据权利要求2所述的方法，其中所述地理位置信息包括安装场地在春分、秋分、夏至和冬至内每一整点的太阳位置信息。The method according to claim 2, wherein the geographic location information includes solar location information of the installation site at every hour of the spring equinox, autumn equinox, summer solstice, and winter solstice.
  4. 根据权利要求2所述的方法，其中确定每个网格单元是否可用包括：The method of claim 2, wherein determining whether each grid cell is available includes:
    确定该网格单元是否处于安装场地内；以及Determine whether the grid unit is in the installation site; and
    确定该网格单元是否与不可用区域具有重叠。Determine if the grid cell overlaps with the unavailable area.
  5. 根据权利要求1所述的方法，其中在可安装表面上设置网格包括：The method of claim 1, wherein placing a grid on the mountable surface includes:
    提供网格；以及Provide a grid; and
    在可安装表面上移动网格，使得网格的最多数目的网格单元落入可安装表面内。Move the grid on the mountable surface so that the maximum number of grid cells of the grid fall into the mountable surface.
  6. 根据权利要求1所述的方法，其中在可安装光伏组件的区域中布置光伏组件包括：The method according to claim 1, wherein arranging the photovoltaic module in the area where the photovoltaic module can be installed comprises:
    在水平方向上将每一行网格单元移动一个水平位移，使得在每一行网格单元内能够容纳尽量多的光伏组件，其中所述水平位移小于或等于单个网格单元的水平尺寸；和/或Moving each row of grid cells in the horizontal direction by one horizontal displacement so that as many photovoltaic modules as possible can be accommodated in each row of grid cells, wherein the horizontal displacement is less than or equal to the horizontal dimension of a single grid cell; and/or
    在水平方向上和垂直方向上将网格逐次移动一个水平位移和一个垂直位移，使得在网格内能够容纳尽量多的光伏组件，其中所述水平位移不大于单个网格单元的水平尺寸并且所述垂直位移不大于单个网格单元的垂直尺寸。Move the grid one horizontal displacement and one vertical displacement one by one in the horizontal direction and the vertical direction, so that as many photovoltaic modules as possible can be accommodated in the grid, wherein the horizontal displacement is not greater than the horizontal size of a single grid unit and the The vertical displacement is not greater than the vertical dimension of a single grid cell.
  7. 根据权利要求1所述的方法，其中在可安装光伏组件的区域中布置光伏组件包括：The method of claim 1, wherein arranging the photovoltaic module in the area where the photovoltaic module can be installed includes:
    从安装场地中的顶点开始，以不同排布方式在安装场地中顺序地布置光伏组件直到不能布置更多的光伏组件；以及Starting from the apex in the installation site, the photovoltaic modules are sequentially arranged in the installation site in different arrangements until no more photovoltaic modules can be arranged; and
    根据所述多种布置方案的优先次序来布置光伏组件。The photovoltaic modules are arranged according to the priority order of the various arrangement schemes.
  8. 根据权利要求1所述的方法，其中网格单元的大小为光伏组件的整数倍加上光伏组件之间的间隔区域。The method according to claim 1, wherein the size of the grid unit is an integer multiple of the photovoltaic module plus the space between the photovoltaic modules.
  9. 一种基于网格布置光伏组件的系统，包括：A grid-based arrangement of photovoltaic modules includes:
    无人机，其被配置为拍摄安装场地的多个照片；以及UAV, which is configured to take multiple photos of the installation site; and
    服务器，其被配置为执行下列动作：The server, which is configured to perform the following actions:
    基于所述多个照片生成俯视图；Generate a top view based on the multiple photos;
    基于俯视图确定安装场地的可安装表面；Determine the installable surface of the installation site based on the top view;
    在可安装表面上设置网格，其中所述网格的大小大于可安装表面的大小并且述网格包括多个网格单元，其中所述网格单元的大小大于光伏组件的大小；Providing a grid on the mountable surface, wherein the size of the grid is greater than the size of the mountable surface and the grid includes a plurality of grid cells, wherein the size of the grid cells is greater than the size of the photovoltaic module;
    确定每个网格单元是否可用；Determine whether each grid cell is available;
    将可用的网格单元确定为可安装光伏组件的区域；以及Determine the available grid cells as areas where photovoltaic modules can be installed; and
    在可安装光伏组件的区域中布置光伏组件。The photovoltaic modules are arranged in the area where the photovoltaic modules can be installed.
  10. 根据权利要求9所述的系统，其中基于俯视图确定安装场地的可安装表面包括：The system of claim 9, wherein determining the installable surface of the installation site based on the top view includes:
    根据俯视图识别安装场地内的第一障碍物的以及安装场地附近的第二障碍物；Identify the first obstacle in the installation site and the second obstacle near the installation site according to the top view;
    确定安装场地的地理位置信息；Determine the geographic location information of the installation site;
    根据地理位置信息确定第一障碍物和第二障碍物在安装场地上的阴影区域；Determine the shadow area of the first obstacle and the second obstacle on the installation site according to the geographic location information;
    在安装场地内将第一障碍物的区域以及第一障碍物和第二障碍物的阴影区域标记为不可用区域；以及Mark the area of the first obstacle and the shaded areas of the first and second obstacles as unavailable areas within the installation site; and
    将安装场地内的除去不可用区域以外的区域确定为可安装表面。The area other than the unusable area in the installation site is determined as the mountable surface.
  11. 一种机器可读存储介质，其具有存储在其上的计算机程序，所述计算机程序被配置为执行根据权利要求1至8之一所述的方法。A machine-readable storage medium having a computer program stored thereon, the computer program being configured to perform the method according to one of claims 1 to 8.
PCT/CN2019/121184 2018-12-21 2019-11-27 Method for arranging photovoltaic modules on basis of grid WO2020125359A1 (en)

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