CN106055816A - Multi-factor photovoltaic equipment optimized laying method based on shadow radiation analysis - Google Patents
Multi-factor photovoltaic equipment optimized laying method based on shadow radiation analysis Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
The invention discloses a multi-factor photovoltaic equipment optimized laying method based on shadow radiation analysis. The multi-factor photovoltaic equipment optimized laying method based on shadow radiation analysis comprise the following steps of: acquiring building information; according to the building information, carrying out shadow radiation analysis on a building surface so as to obtain a region in the building surface, where photovoltaic equipment can be laid out; selecting one set of photovoltaic equipment laying parameters to complete a laying scheme; evaluating the scheme; and repeating completion and evaluation of the laying scheme until an optimal laying scheme is obtained. According to the invention, under the condition of considering illumination, a weather factor, laying conditions, line loss, roof rent, reconstruction cost, a building appearance factor and the like in the design process of a photovoltaic system, mounting parameters of a photovoltaic module are determined; and the photovoltaic power generation equipment optimized laying method which is based on shadow radiation analysis of a building model and uses minimum unit electric energy static investment as the target is disclosed.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to field of photovoltaic technology, be specifically related to a kind of multifactor photovoltaic apparatus based on shade Emanations Analysis
Optimize laying method.
Background technology
For reducing the energy consumption of building, promoting the use on the spot of Photovoltaic new energy, research staff proposes photovoltaic building one
The thinking changed.By building is combined with photovoltaic, make building from the power-using body that the past is simple become send out, electricity consumption synthesis.Light
Volt and the integrated waste not only reducing land resource built, moreover it is possible to generating, electricity consumption on the spot on the spot, substantially increase photovoltaic and send out
The utilization ratio of electricity.Photovoltaic has at architectural concrete application form: photovoltaic roof, photovoltaic tile, photovoltaic curtain wall, photovoltaic sun
Photovoltaic installed by plate, building roof support, photovoltaic etc. installed by elevation of building support.
During rooftop photovoltaic systems designs, in photovoltaic system, influence factor comprises: illumination, weather conditions, circuit
Loss, roof rent, improvement cost etc., wherein illumination occupies of paramount importance status.So that photovoltaic module is filled
The irradiation of foot, need to as much as possible avoid photovoltaic module shade in power generation process, i.e. increase between the array of photovoltaic module
Away from.Although increasing array pitch can avoid the generation of circumstance of occlusion, but owing to roof area is limited, array pitch cannot be unlimited
The increase of system；Meanwhile, there is the architectural appearance factor such as staircase, railing in building roof, these factors, governs room
The design of top photovoltaic system.It is, thus, sought for suitable photovoltaic apparatus mounted angle, array pitch and lay threshold
Value, obtains the static investment of relatively low unit of electrical energy, and shorter photovoltaic system period of investment return with expectation.
When in Practical Project, photovoltaic array is in a row installed, typically require when Winter Solstice, shadow was the longest, front and rear row photovoltaic array
Between at 9 in morning distance local time to be ensured at 3 in afternoon between front row heel row is not caused and blocks.
Classical trestle column computing formula is as follows:
Sin β=cos δ * sin ω/cos η
D=cos β * H/tan (η)
In formula: η is sun altitude；For local latitude；δ is solar declination, the declination angle of winter solstice, for-
23.5°；ω is solar hour angle, and the morning, the hour angle of 9 was 45 °；β is solar azimuth；H is front-seat array peak and heel row
The difference in height of assembly extreme lower position.
In existing photovoltaic system design process, in general employing " photo-voltaic power generation station design specification (GB 50797-2012) "
The theoretical value computing formula of photovoltaic array optimum angle of incidence reference value or solar radiation quantity maximum calculates, based on optimal mounted angle
Reference value calculates classical trestle column, is then finally laid scheme according to building laying work area.The installation of photovoltaic module is inclined
Angle and array pitch on the impact that rooftop photovoltaic systems designs be mutual, can not isolate, affect unit simultaneously and generate electricity into
Basis and the period of investment return of photovoltaic system.This design has isolated both relations, so the design obtained is inaccurate.
The present invention utilizes the BUILDINGS MODELS needing laying work area, by the optimization method of design in invention, to needing laying work area
The optimization to the scheme of laying is carried out in the case of considering to affect rooftop photovoltaic systems design factor.The present invention designs at photovoltaic system
During consider the feelings such as illumination, weather conditions, construction conditions, line loss, roof rent, improvement cost and architectural appearance factor
Under condition, shade irradiation analysis based on photovoltaic module, laying scheme is evaluated, and inclines by adjusting photovoltaic module installation
The installation parameters such as angle, array pitch and irradiation threshold value, eventually find optimum laying scheme.
Rooftop photovoltaic systems is designed by the present invention, it is achieved that the minute design of photovoltaic roof, improves roof area
Utilization rate, and achieve the simulation analysis that the rooftop photovoltaic systems under complex environment is carried out shade radiation, it is thus achieved that spread accurately
If the annual irradiation of scheme, and consider multiple factor, the laying scheme of optimum is automatically obtained according to evaluation function.The party
Method is more rigorous relative to the work of existing photovoltaic system design, and data are relatively reliable, and design is more accurate.
The Chinese patent literature of Publication No. CN104281741A discloses a kind of photovoltaic module inclination angle and array pitch is handed over
Fork feedback multi-factor comprehensive computational methods, comprise the following steps that and calculate at the beginning of assembly inclination angle；Calculate at the beginning of array pitch；Array pitch optimizes；
Assembly inclination angle optimizes four steps.Propose first computation module inclination angle initial value, be next based at the beginning of the initial value computing array spacing of inclination angle
Value, again based on spacing initial value computing array optimal spacing, the cross feedback that is finally based on optimal spacing computation module optimum angle of incidence
Formula COMPREHENSIVE CALCULATING determines photovoltaic module optimum angle of incidence and array optimal spacing method, degree of reducing electricity cost.The method uses pre-
The solution of definition tables, and list data is the vague generalization data by rule place irradiation, it is impossible to it is adapted to non-rule
Then the photovoltaic optimization in place is laid.Meanwhile, the program, not in view of factors such as laying work area rent, improvement costs, is difficult to
The optimization supporting the photovoltaic apparatus under many influence factors is laid.
The present invention is based on Publication No. CN 104778316 A: " a kind of photovoltaic power generation equipment based on BIM
Radiation analysis method ", the method that relying on this patent provides carries out shade Emanations Analysis.
Therefore, the present invention proposes one and considers above-mentioned influence factor, based on BUILDINGS MODELS shade Emanations Analysis, with list
The photovoltaic power generation equipment optimum laying method of the position minimum target of electric energy static investment.
Summary of the invention
The present invention utilizes BUILDINGS MODELS, by building simulation software, laying scheme during optimizing is carried out mathematical simulation,
Judge to need laying work area, considering that roof blocks influence factor's situations such as factor, geographic factor, system cost to needing laying work area
Under carry out the optimization of laying scheme, finally give the laying scheme in this region applicable.Peace is considered in photovoltaic system design process
Dress inclination angle, array pitch, illumination, weather conditions, construction conditions, line loss, roof rent, improvement cost and architectural appearance because of
Achieve the close mode design of photovoltaic roof when element, improve the utilization rate of roof area, and achieve complicated ring
Rooftop photovoltaic systems under border is analyzed more accurately so that in the limited laying work area in roof, sets by adjusting photovoltaic
Standby mounted angle, array pitch, laying threshold value etc. lay parameter, change the laying quantity of photovoltaic apparatus, shorten photovoltaic apparatus
The investment repayment phase, the static investment reaching unit of electrical energy is minimum.
A kind of many influence factors photovoltaic power generation equipment optimum laying method based on shade Emanations Analysis, including following step
Rapid:
(1) architecture information is obtained.
Obtain and need the BUILDINGS MODELS that laying work area comprises photovoltaic power generation equipment, including geographical position residing for this BUILDINGS MODELS,
Parameter and the information such as laying work area rent, photovoltaic apparatus price such as building shape, size and height.Ground residing for BUILDINGS MODELS
Reason position attribution at least includes the longitude residing for BUILDINGS MODELS, dimension latitude, sun altitude.
The photovoltaic apparatus (i.e. photovoltaic power generation equipment) that described BUILDINGS MODELS uses can use various forms of photovoltaic to set
Standby, e.g., photovoltaic installed by photovoltaic sun plate, building roof support, photovoltaic etc. installed by elevation of building support.
(2) according to step (1) architecture information, building surface is carried out shade Emanations Analysis, obtain building photovoltaic in surface
Equipment can laying work area.
Shade radiation analysis method is based on Publication No. CN 104778316 A: " a kind of light based on BIM
Volt generating equipment radiation analysis method ".
According to information model, it is thus achieved that the shape of illumination receiving plane and dimension information, some by needing laying work area to be divided into
Grid, utilizes ray method according to factors such as the weather in this information model geographical position, carries out each grid radiating statistical analysis.
According to factors such as the building irradiation on surface, weather, choose appropriate radiation numerical quantity as laying threshold value, it is judged that each grid is
No satisfied laying threshold value, in selected building surface amount of radiation more than the point of threshold value as can laying work area.
(3) choose one group of photovoltaic apparatus laying parameter according to step (2) and complete laying scheme.
(4) step (3) laying scheme is carried out shade Emanations Analysis.
Shade Emanations Analysis result, by Publication No. CN 104778316 A: " a kind of photovoltaic based on BIM
Generating equipment radiation analysis method " calculate.
(5) according to step (4) shade Emanations Analysis result, step (2) laying scheme is evaluated by Utilization assessment function.
T={PV (G, A, U)+R+S}/{ F (G, A, U) * δ * σ * ρ * N}
The static investment of T representation unit electric energy；G represents photovoltaic apparatus front and rear row spacing；Represent photovoltaic apparatus mounted angle；
U represents photovoltaic apparatus construction conditions；It is G that PV (G, A, U) represents in front and rear row spacing, and mounted angle is A, and photovoltaic apparatus lays bar
Part is the photovoltaic system gross investment under U, the gross investment such as including photovoltaic apparatus, cable, support, inverter；F (G, A, U) represents
Front and rear row spacing is G, and mounted angle is A, and photovoltaic apparatus construction conditions is the year photovoltaic power generation quantity under U；R represents laying work area
Rent；S represents improvement cost；δ represents photovoltaic module conversion efficiency；σ represents amount of radiation and the weather factor in generated energy conversion；
ρ represents amount of radiation and the equipment in generated energy conversion and line loss factor；N represents photovoltaic system service life.
(6) the current optimum laying scheme of record, repeats step (3-6) work, until meeting end condition or iteration time
Number, obtains optimum laying scheme.
Optimum laying scheme includes the letters such as the mounted angle of photovoltaic apparatus, array pitch, azimuth, quantity, placement location
Breath.
The present invention is with the minimum target of static investment of unit of electrical energy, it is achieved that the close mode design of rooftop photovoltaic systems,
Improve the utilization rate of roof area, it is achieved the rooftop photovoltaic systems under complex environment is analyzed more accurately so that
In limited laying work area, by adjusting the installation parameter of photovoltaic apparatus, change the laying quantity of photovoltaic apparatus so that generating is total
Amount increases, and shortens the investment repayment phase of photovoltaic apparatus, it is achieved the static investment of unit of electrical energy is minimum.
Accompanying drawing explanation
Fig. 1 is the embodiment flow chart in the embodiment of the present invention；
Fig. 2 is the embodiment model 3D schematic diagram in the embodiment of the present invention；
Fig. 3 is the artificial laying scheme schematic diagram in the embodiment of the present invention；
Fig. 4 is that scheme schematic diagram laid by the software in the embodiment of the present invention.
Detailed description of the invention
Multifactor photovoltaic power generation equipment optimum based on building BUILDINGS MODELS to the present invention lays scheme below in conjunction with the accompanying drawings
Method for designing is described in detail, and in the present embodiment, optimized algorithm is with genetic algorithm as prototype, but the specific embodiment party of the present invention
Formula is not limited to this.
A kind of many influence factors photovoltaic power generation equipment optimum laying method, comprises the following steps: (build mould in the present embodiment
Geographical position residing for type is 30.25 ° of N, 120.17 ° of E)
(1) architecture information (such as Fig. 2 embodiment model 3D schematic diagram) is obtained.
Obtain and need the BUILDINGS MODELS that laying work area comprises photovoltaic power generation equipment, including geographical position residing for this BUILDINGS MODELS,
Parameter and the information such as laying work area rent, photovoltaic apparatus price such as building shape, size and height.Ground residing for BUILDINGS MODELS
Reason position attribution at least includes the longitude residing for BUILDINGS MODELS, dimension latitude, sun altitude.
The photovoltaic apparatus that the photovoltaic apparatus (i.e. photovoltaic power generation equipment) that described BUILDINGS MODELS uses can take various forms,
Such as photovoltaic sun plate, photovoltaic installed by building roof support, photovoltaic etc. installed by elevation of building support.
(2) according to step (1) BUILDINGS MODELS, building surface is carried out shade Emanations Analysis, it is thus achieved that photovoltaic in building surface
Equipment can laying work area.
Shade radiation analysis method is based on Publication No. CN 104778316 A: " a kind of light based on BIM
Volt generating equipment radiation analysis method ".
According to information model, it is thus achieved that the shape of illumination receiving plane and dimension information, some by needing laying work area to be divided into
Grid, utilizes ray method according to factors such as the weather in this information model geographical position, carries out each grid radiating statistical analysis.
According to factors such as the building irradiation on surface, weather, choose appropriate radiation numerical quantity as laying threshold value, it is judged that each grid is
No satisfied laying threshold value, in selected building surface amount of radiation more than the point of threshold value as can laying work area.
(3) choose one group of photovoltaic apparatus laying parameter according to step (2) and complete laying scheme.
A) search photovoltaic array optimum angle of incidence reference value under this geographical position, and calculate classical trestle column.
Search photovoltaic array optimum angle of incidence reference value under this geographical position, and calculate classical trestle column, its object is to protect
Card algorithm value in the reasonable scope, reduces the calculation times of optimized algorithm, shortens the operation time of optimized algorithm.
According to " photo-voltaic power generation station design specification (GB 50797-2012) ", Appendix B photovoltaic array optimum angle of incidence reference value:
Each big city, table B whole nation photovoltaic array optimum angle of incidence reference value: Hangzhou grid-connected system recommends inclination angle, selects 26 ° as initial value.
Sin a=sin (30.23 °) * sin (-23.45 °)+cos (-23.45 °) * cos (45 °)；
Sin β=cos (-23.45 °) * sin (45 °)/cosa；
Obtaining at mounted angle is trestle column, about 2.8M between 26 ° of lower photovoltaic modulies.
B) determine photovoltaic apparatus mounted angle, array pitch and lay threshold value zone of reasonableness, and completing initially to lay scheme.
Here choose: grid irradiation 1000Kw.h/m2* Year as can construction conditions, be i.e. more than or equal to when irradiation
1000Kw.h/m2* can carry out during Year laying photovoltaic apparatus.Mounted angle scope is 12 °-36 °.Array pitch scope is 20
Decimetre-35 decimeters.
(4) step (3) laying scheme is carried out shade Emanations Analysis.
Shade Emanations Analysis result, by Publication No. CN 104778316 A: a kind of photovoltaic based on BIM
Generating equipment radiation analysis method calculates.
(5) according to step (4) shade Emanations Analysis result, step (2) laying scheme is evaluated by Utilization assessment function.
T={PV (G, A, U)+R+S}/{ F (G, A, U) * δ * σ * ρ * N}
The static investment of T representation unit electric energy；G represents photovoltaic apparatus front and rear row spacing；A represents that photovoltaic apparatus is installed and inclines
Angle；U represents photovoltaic apparatus construction conditions；It is G that PV (G, A, U) represents in front and rear row spacing, and mounted angle is A, and photovoltaic apparatus spreads
If condition is the photovoltaic system gross investment under U, the gross investment such as including photovoltaic apparatus, cable, support, inverter；F (G, A, U) table
Showing that in front and rear row spacing be G, mounted angle is A, and photovoltaic apparatus construction conditions is the year photovoltaic power generation quantity under U；R represents laying district
The rent cost in territory；S represents improvement cost；δ represents photovoltaic module conversion efficiency；During σ represents that amount of radiation is changed with generated energy
Weather factor；ρ represents amount of radiation and the equipment in generated energy conversion and line loss factor；N represents photovoltaic system service life.
Here taking photovoltaic module conversion efficiency δ is 16.5%；Weather factor σ during amount of radiation and generated energy are changed is 0.55；Amount of radiation
Equipment and line loss factor ρ in changing with generated energy are 0.9.
(6) the current optimum laying scheme of record, repeats step (3-6) work, until meeting end condition or iteration time
Number, obtains optimum laying scheme.
A) coding.Algorithm first has to express, by character string, the solution studied a question, and the character string of expression problem solution is referred to as individual
Body.
Here use binary coding method, use six binary codings, such as being encoded to of mounted angle 16 °
010000, it is unit that array pitch chooses decimetre, and 3.1 meters are equal to 31 decimeters, are encoded to 011111, use (010000,
011111) encode as one of which.
B) adaptive value of each individuality in colony is calculated.Adaptive value is the index weighing individual quality, and adaptive value function depends on
Depending on object function, take the minimum target functional value evolving to Current generation position here.
C) according to probability, this generation individual in population is selected, intersects and mutation operation, obtain the colony of a new generation.
Optimum laying scheme includes the letters such as the mounted angle of photovoltaic apparatus, array pitch, azimuth, quantity, placement location
Breath.
Obtaining optimum laying scheme photovoltaic apparatus mounted angle in embodiment after algorithm optimization is 23 °, array pitch
For 2.2M.
Photovoltaic array inclination angle reference value 26 °, then calculating theoretical pitch is 2.8M, and in embodiment, artificial laying scheme is such as
Fig. 3 manually lays shown in scheme.
After algorithm optimization, scheme of laying is as shown in Fig. 4 software laying scheme.
Artificial scheme of laying lays scheme with software, and comparing result such as following table is manually laid scheme and laid scheme pair with software
Ratio.
Table 1 is manually laid scheme and is laid scheme comparison with software
Owing to this construction area is complex, the most artificial analysis cannot estimate that all photovoltaic apparatus surfaces connect accurately
The irradiation received, therefore the photovoltaic module in subregion can be blocked by more.Meanwhile, artificial laying scheme is substantially
Not accounting for mutually blocking between photovoltaic array row, the calculating of its spacing is also to be directly obtained by theoretical pitch formula, and
Do not account for the factors such as the topology of laying work area, rent.This optimization laying scheme, by carrying out shade irradiance analysis, is fully examined
Consider mounted angle and the array pitch impact on average lamp amount, and the impact of the factor such as rent.The array of final optimization pass
Spacing is reduced to 2.2M from 2.8M, and software is laid scheme and changed the mounted angle of photovoltaic apparatus, and 26 ° are reduced to 23 °, subtract
Little mounted angle adds, with the result of array pitch, the quantity 40 that photovoltaic apparatus is laid, and unit are irradiation is increased
Add, about 7.97%, although photovoltaic system investment increases more, but owing to obtaining the rising of total irradiation, unit generates electricity into
This decline about 2.46% and reduce period of investment return about 1.34% of photovoltaic system.
Software design laying scheme is paid the utmost attention to compared with laying scheme with engineer in photovoltaic system design process
Photovoltaic apparatus mounted angle and array pitch are on the impact of photovoltaic system irradiation and influencing each other between the two, it is achieved that
The close mode design of photovoltaic roof, improves the utilization rate of roof area so that in the limited laying work area in roof, by adjusting
Photovoltaic array spacing, lays more photovoltaic apparatus so that generating total amount increases, and shortens the investment repayment phase of photovoltaic apparatus, reaches
Minimum to the static investment of unit of electrical energy.
Claims (7)
1. a multifactor photovoltaic apparatus optimization laying method based on shade Emanations Analysis, it is characterised in that include following
Step:
(1) architecture information is obtained；
(2) according to step (1) architecture information, building surface is carried out shade Emanations Analysis, obtain building photovoltaic apparatus in surface
Can laying work area；
(3) choose one group of photovoltaic apparatus laying parameter according to step (2) and complete laying scheme；
(4) step (3) laying scheme is carried out shade Emanations Analysis；
(5) according to step (4) shade Emanations Analysis result, step (2) laying scheme is evaluated by Utilization assessment function；
(6) the current optimum laying scheme of record, repeats step (3-6) work, until meeting end condition or iterations,
Scheme is laid to global optimum.
Many influence factors photovoltaic power generation equipment optimization laying side based on shade Emanations Analysis the most according to claim 1
Method, it is characterised in that: in step (1), architecture information include geographical position, residing ground, building shape, size and height parameter with
And laying work area rent, photovoltaic apparatus information.
Many influence factors photovoltaic power generation equipment optimization laying side based on shade Emanations Analysis the most according to claim 1
Method, it is characterised in that: in step (2), shade radiation analysis method is based on Publication No. CN 104778316 A: a kind of based on building
Build the photovoltaic power generation equipment radiation analysis method of information model.
Many influence factors photovoltaic power generation equipment optimization laying side based on shade Emanations Analysis the most according to claim 1
Method, it is characterised in that: in step (3), lay parameter and include the mounted angle of photovoltaic apparatus, array pitch, laying threshold value.
Many influence factors photovoltaic power generation equipment optimization laying side based on shade Emanations Analysis the most according to claim 1
Method, it is characterised in that: in step (4), shade Emanations Analysis result, by Publication No. CN 104778316 A: a kind of based on building
The photovoltaic power generation equipment radiation analysis method building information model calculates.
Many influence factors photovoltaic power generation equipment optimization laying side based on shade Emanations Analysis the most according to claim 1
Method, it is characterised in that: in step (5), evaluation function is as follows:
T={PV (G, A, U)+R+S}/{ F (G, A, U) * δ * σ * ρ * N}
The static investment of T representation unit electric energy；G represents photovoltaic apparatus front and rear row spacing；A represents photovoltaic apparatus mounted angle；U table
Show photovoltaic apparatus construction conditions；It is G that PV (G, A, U) represents in front and rear row spacing, and mounted angle is A, photovoltaic apparatus construction conditions
For the photovoltaic system gross investment under U, the gross investment such as including photovoltaic apparatus, cable, support, inverter；F (G, A, U) represents front
Rear trestle column is G, and mounted angle is A, and photovoltaic apparatus construction conditions is the year photovoltaic power generation quantity under U；R represents the rent of laying work area
Gold；S represents improvement cost；δ represents photovoltaic module conversion efficiency；σ represents amount of radiation and the weather factor in generated energy conversion；ρ
Represent amount of radiation and the equipment in generated energy conversion and line loss factor；N represents photovoltaic system service life.
Many influence factors photovoltaic power generation equipment optimization laying side based on shade Emanations Analysis the most according to claim 1
Method, it is characterised in that: in step (6), optimum laying scheme includes the mounted angle of photovoltaic apparatus, array pitch, azimuth, number
Amount, positional information.
Priority Applications (1)
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| CN108197371A (en) * | 2017-12-28 | 2018-06-22 | 中南大学 | Fixation photovoltaic array line optimization based on BIM |
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| CN114374201A (en) * | 2021-11-10 | 2022-04-19 | 温州电力建设有限公司 | Collaborative planning method considering distributed photovoltaic ordered access to power grid |
| CN116894337A (en) * | 2023-07-12 | 2023-10-17 | 广州新城建筑设计院有限公司 | Intelligent power generation and transmission integrated method and system for building |
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| CN109461360A (en) * | 2018-10-23 | 2019-03-12 | 中建八局浙江建设有限公司 | Electromechanical pre-buried simulation system and analogy method |
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| CN113657789A (en) * | 2021-08-24 | 2021-11-16 | 国网（天津）综合能源服务有限公司 | Distributed photovoltaic roof resource multi-dimensional evaluation method |
| CN114374201A (en) * | 2021-11-10 | 2022-04-19 | 温州电力建设有限公司 | Collaborative planning method considering distributed photovoltaic ordered access to power grid |
| CN116894337A (en) * | 2023-07-12 | 2023-10-17 | 广州新城建筑设计院有限公司 | Intelligent power generation and transmission integrated method and system for building |
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