WO2020124351A1 - 一种谷氨酰胺衍生物在制备动物饲料添加剂中的应用 - Google Patents

一种谷氨酰胺衍生物在制备动物饲料添加剂中的应用 Download PDF

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WO2020124351A1
WO2020124351A1 PCT/CN2018/121709 CN2018121709W WO2020124351A1 WO 2020124351 A1 WO2020124351 A1 WO 2020124351A1 CN 2018121709 W CN2018121709 W CN 2018121709W WO 2020124351 A1 WO2020124351 A1 WO 2020124351A1
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feed
alkyl
aryl
alkylene
substituted
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PCT/CN2018/121709
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English (en)
French (fr)
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黄华成
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黄华成
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Priority to US17/311,311 priority Critical patent/US11964929B2/en
Priority to JP2021535120A priority patent/JP7498969B2/ja
Priority to PCT/CN2018/121709 priority patent/WO2020124351A1/zh
Priority to EP18943674.4A priority patent/EP3888471A4/en
Priority to CA3123689A priority patent/CA3123689C/en
Priority to MX2021007272A priority patent/MX2021007272A/es
Priority to BR112021011323-1A priority patent/BR112021011323A2/pt
Priority to AU2018453217A priority patent/AU2018453217B2/en
Priority to KR1020217021510A priority patent/KR20210100169A/ko
Priority to CN201880022779.3A priority patent/CN110582207B/zh
Publication of WO2020124351A1 publication Critical patent/WO2020124351A1/zh

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    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C07—ORGANIC CHEMISTRY
    • C07C—ACYCLIC OR CARBOCYCLIC COMPOUNDS
    • C07C237/00—Carboxylic acid amides, the carbon skeleton of the acid part being further substituted by amino groups
    • C07C237/28—Carboxylic acid amides, the carbon skeleton of the acid part being further substituted by amino groups having the carbon atom of at least one of the carboxamide groups bound to a carbon atom of a non-condensed six-membered aromatic ring of the carbon skeleton
    • C07C237/42—Carboxylic acid amides, the carbon skeleton of the acid part being further substituted by amino groups having the carbon atom of at least one of the carboxamide groups bound to a carbon atom of a non-condensed six-membered aromatic ring of the carbon skeleton having nitrogen atoms of amino groups bound to the carbon skeleton of the acid part, further acylated
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A23—FOODS OR FOODSTUFFS; TREATMENT THEREOF, NOT COVERED BY OTHER CLASSES
    • A23K—FODDER
    • A23K20/00—Accessory food factors for animal feeding-stuffs
    • A23K20/10—Organic substances
    • A23K20/142—Amino acids; Derivatives thereof
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A23—FOODS OR FOODSTUFFS; TREATMENT THEREOF, NOT COVERED BY OTHER CLASSES
    • A23K—FODDER
    • A23K50/00—Feeding-stuffs specially adapted for particular animals
    • A23K50/30—Feeding-stuffs specially adapted for particular animals for swines
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A23—FOODS OR FOODSTUFFS; TREATMENT THEREOF, NOT COVERED BY OTHER CLASSES
    • A23K—FODDER
    • A23K50/00—Feeding-stuffs specially adapted for particular animals
    • A23K50/40—Feeding-stuffs specially adapted for particular animals for carnivorous animals, e.g. cats or dogs
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A23—FOODS OR FOODSTUFFS; TREATMENT THEREOF, NOT COVERED BY OTHER CLASSES
    • A23K—FODDER
    • A23K50/00—Feeding-stuffs specially adapted for particular animals
    • A23K50/60—Feeding-stuffs specially adapted for particular animals for weanlings
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A23—FOODS OR FOODSTUFFS; TREATMENT THEREOF, NOT COVERED BY OTHER CLASSES
    • A23K—FODDER
    • A23K50/00—Feeding-stuffs specially adapted for particular animals
    • A23K50/70—Feeding-stuffs specially adapted for particular animals for birds
    • A23K50/75—Feeding-stuffs specially adapted for particular animals for birds for poultry
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A23—FOODS OR FOODSTUFFS; TREATMENT THEREOF, NOT COVERED BY OTHER CLASSES
    • A23K—FODDER
    • A23K50/00—Feeding-stuffs specially adapted for particular animals
    • A23K50/80—Feeding-stuffs specially adapted for particular animals for aquatic animals, e.g. fish, crustaceans or molluscs
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C07—ORGANIC CHEMISTRY
    • C07C—ACYCLIC OR CARBOCYCLIC COMPOUNDS
    • C07C237/00—Carboxylic acid amides, the carbon skeleton of the acid part being further substituted by amino groups
    • C07C237/28—Carboxylic acid amides, the carbon skeleton of the acid part being further substituted by amino groups having the carbon atom of at least one of the carboxamide groups bound to a carbon atom of a non-condensed six-membered aromatic ring of the carbon skeleton
    • C07C237/34—Carboxylic acid amides, the carbon skeleton of the acid part being further substituted by amino groups having the carbon atom of at least one of the carboxamide groups bound to a carbon atom of a non-condensed six-membered aromatic ring of the carbon skeleton having the nitrogen atom of the carboxamide group bound to an acyclic carbon atom of a hydrocarbon radical substituted by nitrogen atoms not being part of nitro or nitroso groups
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C07—ORGANIC CHEMISTRY
    • C07D—HETEROCYCLIC COMPOUNDS
    • C07D211/00—Heterocyclic compounds containing hydrogenated pyridine rings, not condensed with other rings
    • C07D211/04—Heterocyclic compounds containing hydrogenated pyridine rings, not condensed with other rings with only hydrogen or carbon atoms directly attached to the ring nitrogen atom
    • C07D211/06—Heterocyclic compounds containing hydrogenated pyridine rings, not condensed with other rings with only hydrogen or carbon atoms directly attached to the ring nitrogen atom having no double bonds between ring members or between ring members and non-ring members
    • C07D211/08—Heterocyclic compounds containing hydrogenated pyridine rings, not condensed with other rings with only hydrogen or carbon atoms directly attached to the ring nitrogen atom having no double bonds between ring members or between ring members and non-ring members with hydrocarbon or substituted hydrocarbon radicals directly attached to ring carbon atoms
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C07—ORGANIC CHEMISTRY
    • C07D—HETEROCYCLIC COMPOUNDS
    • C07D295/00—Heterocyclic compounds containing polymethylene-imine rings with at least five ring members, 3-azabicyclo [3.2.2] nonane, piperazine, morpholine or thiomorpholine rings, having only hydrogen atoms directly attached to the ring carbon atoms
    • C07D295/16—Heterocyclic compounds containing polymethylene-imine rings with at least five ring members, 3-azabicyclo [3.2.2] nonane, piperazine, morpholine or thiomorpholine rings, having only hydrogen atoms directly attached to the ring carbon atoms acylated on ring nitrogen atoms
    • C07D295/18—Heterocyclic compounds containing polymethylene-imine rings with at least five ring members, 3-azabicyclo [3.2.2] nonane, piperazine, morpholine or thiomorpholine rings, having only hydrogen atoms directly attached to the ring carbon atoms acylated on ring nitrogen atoms by radicals derived from carboxylic acids, or sulfur or nitrogen analogues thereof
    • C07D295/195—Radicals derived from nitrogen analogues of carboxylic acids
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A23—FOODS OR FOODSTUFFS; TREATMENT THEREOF, NOT COVERED BY OTHER CLASSES
    • A23V—INDEXING SCHEME RELATING TO FOODS, FOODSTUFFS OR NON-ALCOHOLIC BEVERAGES AND LACTIC OR PROPIONIC ACID BACTERIA USED IN FOODSTUFFS OR FOOD PREPARATION
    • A23V2002/00—Food compositions, function of food ingredients or processes for food or foodstuffs
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y10—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC
    • Y10S—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y10S426/00—Food or edible material: processes, compositions, and products
    • Y10S426/807—Poultry or ruminant feed

Definitions

  • the invention relates to the field of animal feed additives, in particular to the preparation of glutamine derivatives or their racemates, stereoisomers, geometric isomers, tautomers, solvates and feed acceptable salts in the preparation Application in animal feed additives and feed combinations containing the glutamine derivatives or their racemates, stereoisomers, geometric isomers, tautomers, solvates, and feed acceptable salts And its application in the preparation of animal feed additives or animal feed.
  • Aminoacylated glutamine derivatives are generally intermediates in the preparation of amide substituted derivatives of glutamine.
  • N-acetyl-DL-theanine and Aspergillus oryzae aminoacylation enzyme can produce L-theanine under suitable reaction conditions.
  • Another study reported that L-glutamic acid reacted with phthalic anhydride to form phthaloyl-L-glutamic acid and then formed into anhydride, which was hydrolyzed to phthaloyl-L-theanine in ethylamine aqueous solution. Acid, remove phthaloyl group under hydrazine hydrate to obtain L-theanine.
  • Aminoacylated glutamine derivatives have synergistically enhanced sensory properties. Studies have reported that the aqueous solution of N-acyltheanine has disappointing weak fat taste characteristics, and the combination with fragrance auxiliary ingredients and the careful selection of its use level can play a basic role in supplementing, enhancing or strengthening food or beverages. Authentic fragrance and taste characteristics.
  • Feed additives refer to small or trace substances added during feed processing, production and use, including nutritive feed additives and general feed additives.
  • the general feed additives refer to a small amount or a trace amount of substances added to the feed in order to ensure or improve the feed quality and improve the feed utilization rate.
  • the commonly used general feed additives with high efficiency and stable increase of feed utilization rate and improvement of animal production performance mainly include: high-dose copper, high-dose zinc, feed antibiotics, chemically synthesized antibacterial agents, etc.
  • the present invention provides a glutamine derivative or its racemate, stereoisomer, geometric isomer, tautomer, solvate, and feed acceptable salt in the preparation of animal feed additives
  • the feed composition containing the glutamine derivative or its racemate, stereoisomer, geometric isomer, tautomer, solvate, feed acceptable salt and the Preparation of animal feed additives or animal feed applications.
  • the present invention provides a glutamine derivative of the formula (I) or its racemate, stereoisomer, geometric isomer, tautomer, solvate, feed Acceptable salt.
  • Y is OC 1 -C 20 alkyl or OH;
  • X is C 4 -C 10 nitrogen-containing cycloalkyl, NHC 1 -C 20 alkyl, or N(C 1 -C 20 alkyl) 2 ;
  • R 1b and R 2b are independently C 1 -C 20 alkyl, C 3 -C 7 cycloalkane Group, or C 1 -C 20 alkyl, C 3 -C 7 cycloalkyl optionally substituted with 1 , 2, 3, 4 or 5 R 3 ;
  • R 3 is -OH, -NH 2 , -CN, -SH or -X
  • R 1a and R 2a are independently C 5 -C 12 aryl, C 5 -C 12 Heteroaryl, -(C 1 -C 4 alkylene)-C 5 -C 12 aryl, -(C 1 -C 4 alkylene)-C 5 -C 12 heteroaryl, or optional C 5 -C 12 aryl, C 5 -C 12 heteroaryl, -(C 1 -C 4 alkylene)-C 5 -C substituted by 1, 2, 3, 4 or 5 R 4 12 aryl, -(C 1 -C 4 alkylene)-C 5 -C 12 heteroaryl;
  • R 4 is -OH, -NH 2 , -NO 2 , -CN, -SH, -X 2 ,- C 1 -C 5 alkoxy, -C 1 -C 5 alkyl, or X 2 is a
  • R 1 is H;
  • R 4 is -OH, -NH 2 , -NO 2 , -CN, -SH, -X 2 , -C 1 -C 5 alkoxy, -C 1 -C 5 alkyl, or is X 2 is substituted with -C 1 -C 5 alkyl group, wherein X 2 is selected from F, Cl, Br or I.
  • R 1 is H;
  • R 4 is -OH,- NH 2 , -NO 2 , -CN, -SH, -X 2 , -C 1 -C 5 alkoxy, -C 1 -C 5 alkyl, or -C 1 -C 5 alkyl substituted with X 2 , Where X 2 is selected from F, Cl, Br or I.
  • R 2a is phenyl, -(C 1 -C 4 alkylene)-phenyl, or phenyl optionally substituted with 1, 2, 3, 4, or 5 R 4 , -(C 1 -C 4 alkylene)-phenyl;
  • R 4 is -OH, -NH 2 , -NO 2 , -CN, -SH, -X 2 , -C 1 -C 5 alkoxy, -C 1 -C 5 alkyl, or
  • X 2 is a substituent of -C 1 -C 5 alkyl group, wherein X 2 is selected from F, Cl, Br or I.
  • R 1 is H
  • R 2a is phenyl, phenyl substituted with R 4
  • R 4 is -OH , -NH 2 , -NO 2 , -CN, -SH, -X 2 , -C 1 -C 5 alkoxy, -C 1 -C 5 alkyl, wherein X 2 is selected from F, Cl, Br, or I
  • the R 2b is C 1 -C 15 alkyl
  • the Y is -OH or -OC 1 -C 5 ;
  • the X is -NHC 1 -C 5 alkyl.
  • R 1b and R 2b are independently C 1 -C 20 alkyl, C 3 -C 6 cycloalkyl, or C 1 -C 20 alkyl, C 3 -C 7 cycloalkyl optionally substituted with 1 , 2, 3, 4 or 5 R 3
  • R 3 is -OH,- NH 2 , -CN, -SH or -X 1 , wherein X 1 is selected from F, Cl, Br or I.
  • R 1 is H;
  • R 3 is -OH, -NH 2, -CN, -SH, or -X 1, wherein X 1 is selected from F, Cl, Br or I.
  • Y is OC 1 -C 10 alkyl.
  • X is C 4 -C 10 nitrogen-containing cycloalkyl.
  • X is NHC 1 -C 20 alkyl.
  • X is preferably NHC 1 -C 10 alkyl.
  • the present invention provides the above-mentioned glutamine derivatives or their racemates, stereoisomers, geometric isomers, tautomers, solvates, and feed acceptable salts, in the preparation of animal feed Application of additives.
  • the present invention provides a feed composition
  • a feed composition comprising the glutamine derivative or its racemate, stereoisomer, geometric isomer, tautomer, and solvate provided by the present invention , At least one of acceptable salt for feed and feedable auxiliary materials; wherein, the feedable auxiliary materials are selected from feedable carriers, diluents, excipients, solvents or combinations thereof.
  • the feed composition further includes animal feed materials.
  • the feed composition further includes additional animal feed additives.
  • the feed composition further includes animal feed materials and additional animal feed additives.
  • the additional animal feed additives may be selected from nutritional feed additives and/or general feed additives and/or pharmaceutical feed additives.
  • the present invention provides the use of the feed composition in the preparation of animal feed additives.
  • the present invention provides the use of the feed composition in the preparation of animal feed.
  • the invention also provides a method for improving the production performance of farmed animals.
  • the results of animal breeding experiments indicate that the glutamine derivatives or racemates, stereoisomers, geometric isomers, tautomers, solvates, feed acceptable salts and other compounds provided by the present invention It can be used as an animal feed additive and has a good effect of improving animal growth and feed performance.
  • any embodiment of any aspect of the present invention may be combined with other embodiments as long as there is no contradiction between them.
  • any technical feature can be applied to the technical feature in other embodiments as long as there is no contradiction between them.
  • the compound involved in the present invention is a glutamine derivative represented by the formula (I).
  • Y is the substituent on the oxygen atom (abbreviated as O) on which the active hydrogen on the carboxyl group of the glutamine derivative is substituted
  • X is the amino nitrogen atom on the amide group (abbreviated as N)
  • the substituted group, R 1 and R 2 are substituents on the amino nitrogen atom (abbreviated as N).
  • Y is OC 1 -C 20 alkyl or OH
  • X is C 4 -C 10 nitrogen-containing cycloalkyl, NHC 1 -C 20 alkyl or N(C 1 -C 20 alkyl) 2
  • R 1b and R 2b are independently substituted or unsubstituted C 1 -C 20 alkyl or C 3 -C 7 cycloalkyl; when R 1b and/or R 2b are substituted C 1 -C 20 alkyl Or C 3 -C 7 cycloalkyl, the C 1 -C 20 alkyl or C 3 -C 7 cycloalkyl is optionally substituted with 1, 2, 3, 4 or 5 R 3 C 1 -C 20 alkyl, C 3 -C 7 cycloalkyl; R 3 is -OH, -NH 2 , -CN, -SH or -X 1 , wherein X 1 is selected from F, Cl, Br or I;
  • R 1a and R 2a are independently substituted or unsubstituted C 5 -C 12 aryl, C 5 -C 12 heteroaryl, -(C 1 -C 4 alkylene)-C 5 -C 12 aryl, -(C 1 -C 4 alkylene)-C 5 -C 12 heteroaryl; when R 1a and R 2a are substituted C 5 -C 12 aryl, C 5 -C 12 heteroaryl, -(C 1 -C 4 alkylene)-C 5 -C 12 aryl, -(C 1 -C 4 alkylene)-C 5 -C 12 heteroaryl, the C 5 -C 12 aryl, C 5 -C 12 heteroaryl, -(C 1 -C 4 alkylene)-C 5 -C 12 aryl, -(C 1 -C 4 alkylene)-C 5 -C 12 heteroaryl is C 5 -C 12 aryl, C 5 -C 12 heteroaryl,
  • substituted means that one or more substitutable hydrogen atoms in a given structure are replaced by specific substituents.
  • a substituted group may have a substituent at each substitutable position of the group. When more than one position in the given structural formula can be substituted by one or more substituents of a specific group, then the substituents can be substituted at the same positions or differently.
  • OC a -C b alkyl means a linear or branched saturated alkoxy group containing a to b carbon atoms, such as methoxy, ethoxy, propoxy, isopropyl Oxygen, ..., such as "OC 1 -C 10 alkyl” means a linear or branched saturated alkoxy group containing 1 to 5 carbon atoms; "C 3 -C 7 cycloalkyl” is expressed as Cyclic alkyl groups containing 3 to 7 carbon atoms and containing only two hydrocarbon elements, such as cyclopropyl, 2-methylcyclopropyl, cyclopentyl, etc.; "C 1 -C 5 alkoxy” Represents a group containing 1 to 5 carbon atoms and one oxygen atom, such as methoxy, ethoxy, propoxy, isopropoxy, etc.; "C 5 -C 12 aryl” means containing 5 to 12 carbon atoms are aromatic cyclic groups
  • X in the glutamine derivative represented by formula (I) is C 4 -C 10 nitrogen-containing cycloalkyl.
  • X is preferably substituted or unsubstituted tetrahydropyrrolidinyl or piperidinyl.
  • X when X is substituted tetrahydropyrrolidinyl or piperidinyl, X is tetrahydropyrrole substituted with 1-5 C 1 -C 6 linear or branched alkyl groups Alkyl or piperidinyl.
  • X in the glutamine derivative represented by formula (I) is
  • X in the glutamine derivative represented by formula (I) is
  • X in the glutamine derivative represented by formula (I) is NHC 1 -C 20 alkyl.
  • the alkyl group is a linear alkyl group.
  • X is preferably an NHC 1 -C 10 alkyl group, and the alkyl group is a linear alkyl group.
  • the X is NHCH 3 , NHCH 2 CH 3 , NH(CH 2 ) 2 CH 3 , NH(CH 2 ) 3 CH 3 , NH(CH 2 ) 4 CH 3 , NH(CH 2 ) 5 CH 3 , NH(CH 2 ) 6 CH 3 , NH(CH 2 ) 7 CH 3 , NH(CH 2 ) 8 CH 3 , NH(CH 2 ) 9 CH 3 .
  • alkyl group is a branched alkyl group.
  • X is preferably an NHC 1 -C 10 alkyl group
  • the alkyl group is a branched alkyl group.
  • the X includes but is not limited to NHCH(CH 3 ) 2 and NHC(CH 3 ) 3 .
  • X in the glutamine derivative represented by formula (I) is N(C 1 -C 20 alkyl) 2 .
  • alkyl group is preferably a linear alkyl group.
  • alkyl group is preferably a linear alkyl group
  • X is preferably N(C 1 -C 10 alkyl) 2 .
  • the X includes, but is not limited to, dimethylamino, diethylamino, di-n-propylamino, di-n-butylamino, di-n-pentylamino, di-n-glycylamino, di-n- More amino, di-n-octylamino, di-n-nonylamino or di-n-decylamino.
  • X in the glutamine derivative represented by formula (I) is N(C 1 -C 20 alkyl) 2 , and the alkyl group is a branched alkyl group.
  • X is preferably N(C 1 -C 10 alkyl) 2 , and the alkyl group is a branched alkyl group.
  • Y in the glutamine derivative represented by formula (I) is OH.
  • Y in the glutamine derivative represented by formula (I) is OC 1 -C 20 alkyl.
  • alkyl group is a linear alkyl group.
  • the Y is selected from OCH 3 , OCH 2 CH 3 , O(CH 2 ) 2 CH 3 , O(CH 2 ) 3 CH 3 , O(CH 2 ) 4 CH 3 , O(CH 2 ) 5 CH 3 , O(CH 2 ) 6 CH 3 , O(CH 2 ) 7 CH 3 , O(CH 2 ) 8 CH 3 , O(CH 2 ) 9 CH 3 .
  • the alkyl group is a branched alkyl group.
  • Y is preferably an OC 1 -C 10 alkyl group
  • the alkyl group is a branched alkyl group.
  • the Y includes but is not limited to OCH(CH 3 ) 2 and OC(CH 3 ) 3 .
  • R 1 in the glutamine derivative represented by formula (I) is R 1a S( ⁇ O) 2 or H, R 2a S( ⁇ O) 2 .
  • R 1 is preferably H.
  • R 1 in the glutamine derivative represented by formula (I) is R 1b S( ⁇ O) 2 or H
  • R 2 is R 2b S( ⁇ O) 2 .
  • R 1 is preferably H.
  • R 1 in the glutamine derivative represented by formula (I) is R 1a C( ⁇ O) or H; R 2 is R 2a C( ⁇ O).
  • R 1 is preferably H.
  • R 1 in the glutamine derivative represented by formula (I) is R 1b C( ⁇ O) or H; R 2 is R 2b C( ⁇ O).
  • R 1 is preferably H.
  • R 1a and/or R 2a in the glutamine derivative represented by formula (I) are selected from substituted or unsubstituted C 5 -C 12 aryl groups.
  • the unsubstituted C 5 -C 12 aryl group includes but is not limited to cyclopentadienyl, phenyl or naphthyl.
  • the R 1a and/or R 2a are identical to each other. In some embodiments, the R 1a and/or R 2a are identical to each other.
  • R 1a and/or R 2a is a substituted C 5 -C 12 aryl group
  • the C 5 -C 12 aryl group is optionally substituted by 1, 2, 3, 4 or 5 R 4 substituted C 5 -C 12 aryl
  • said R 4 is -OH, -NH 2 , -NO 2 , -CN, -SH, -X 2 , -C 1 -C 5 alkoxy,- C 1 -C 5 alkyl
  • X 2 is a substituent of -C 1 -C 5 alkyl group, wherein X 2 is selected from F, Cl, Br or I.
  • the C 5 -C 12 aryl group is preferably a C 6 aryl group.
  • the R 1a and/or R 2a are substituted phenyl groups, optionally substituted with 1, 2, 3, 4 or 5 R 4 , and the R 4 is -OH, -NH 2 , -NO 2 , -CN, -SH, -X 2 , -C 1 -C 5 alkoxy, -C 1 -C 5 alkyl, or -C 1 -C 5 alkyl substituted with X 2 , wherein X 2 is selected from F, Cl, Br or I.
  • the R 1a and/or R 2a are identical to each other. In some embodiments, the R 1a and/or R 2a are identical to each other.
  • R 1a and/or R 2a in the glutamine derivative represented by formula (I) is selected from substituted or unsubstituted -(C 1 -C 4 alkylene)-C 5 -C 12 aryl.
  • R 1a and/or R 2a are unsubstituted -(C 1 -C 4 alkylene)-C 5 -C 12 aryl
  • the C 5 -C 12 aryl includes but is not limited to ring Pentadienyl, phenyl or naphthyl
  • the alkylene group is preferably methylene.
  • the R 1a and/or R 2a are (Benzyl).
  • R 1a and/or R 2a is a substituted -(C 1 -C 4 alkylene)-C 5 -C 12 aryl group
  • the C 5 -C 12 aryl group is optionally C 5 -C 12 aryl substituted with 1, 2, 3, 4 or 5 R 4
  • said R 4 is -OH, -NH 2 , -NO 2 , -CN, -SH, -X 2 , -C 1 -C 5 alkoxy, -C 1 -C 5 alkyl
  • X is a substituted 2 -C 1 -C 5 alkyl group, wherein X 2 is selected from F, Cl, Br or I.
  • the C 5 -C 12 aryl group is preferably a C 6 aryl group.
  • the R 1a and/or R 2a are substituted benzyl groups, optionally substituted with 1, 2, 3, 4 or 5 R 4 , and the R 4 is -OH, -NH 2 , -NO 2 , -CN, -SH, -X 2 , -C 1 -C 5 alkoxy, -C 1 -C 5 alkyl, or -C 1 -C 5 alkyl substituted with X 2 , wherein X 2 is selected from F, Cl, Br or I.
  • the R 1a and/or R 2a are identical to each other. In some embodiments, the R 1a and/or R 2a are identical to each other.
  • R 1a and/or R 2a in the glutamine derivative represented by formula (I) are selected from substituted or unsubstituted C 5 -C 12 heteroaryl groups.
  • R 1a and/or R 2a are unsubstituted C 5 -C 12 heteroaryl groups
  • the C 5 -C 12 heteroaryl groups include but are not limited to pyrrolidinyl, pyrazolyl or pyridyl.
  • R 1a and/or R 2a are identical to R 1a and/or R 1a and/or R 2a.
  • R 1a and/or R 2a are substituted C 5 -C 12 heteroaryl groups
  • the C 5 -C 12 heteroaryl groups are optionally substituted by 1, 2, 3, 4 or 5 R 4
  • R 4 is -OH, -NH 2 , -NO 2 , -CN, -SH, -X 2 , -C 1 -C 5 alkoxy, -C 1 -C 5 alkyl, or X 2 is substituted with -C 1 -C 5 alkyl group, wherein X 2 is selected from F, Cl, Br or I.
  • the C 5 -C 12 heteroaryl group is preferably pyrrolidinyl, pyrazolyl or pyridyl.
  • R 1a and/or R 2a in the glutamine derivative represented by formula (I) is selected from substituted or unsubstituted -(C 1 -C 4 alkylene)-C 5 -C 12 Heteroaryl.
  • the C 5 -C 12 heteroaryl group is an unsubstituted -(C 1 -C 4 alkylene)-C 5 -C 12 heteroaryl group, and the C 5 -C 12 heteroaryl group Including but not limited to pyrrolidinyl, pyrazolyl or pyridyl, the C 1 -C 4 alkylene is preferably methylene.
  • the R 1a and/or R 2a are identical to each other. In some embodiments, the R 1a and/or R 2a are identical to each other.
  • R 1a and/or R 2a are substituted -(C 1 -C 4 alkylene)-C 5 -C 12 heteroaryl
  • the C 5 -C 12 heteroaryl is optionally substituted by 1 , 2, 3, 4 or 5 R 4 substitutions
  • said R 4 is -OH, -NH 2 , -NO 2 , -CN, -SH, -X 2 , -C 1 -C 5 alkoxy , -C 1 -C 5 alkyl, or
  • X 2 is a substituent of -C 1 -C 5 alkyl group, wherein X 2 is selected from F, Cl, Br or I.
  • the C 5 -C 12 heteroaryl group is preferably pyrrolidinyl, pyrazolyl or pyridyl, and the C 1 -C 4 alkylene group is preferably methylene.
  • the R 1a and/or R 2a are identical to each other. In some embodiments, the R 1a and/or R 2a are identical to each other.
  • the glutamine derivatives of the present invention include: and the racemates, stereoisomers, geometric isomers, tautomers, solvates, etc. corresponding to the above compounds Acceptable salt for feed.
  • Y in the glutamine derivative represented by formula (I) is OH, and the glutamine derivative may further be in the form of a salt acceptable for feed, which is acceptable for feed Is a metal ion salt.
  • the metal ion is a monovalent metal ion, a divalent metal ion or a trivalent metal ion.
  • the monovalent metal ion includes but is not limited to sodium ion, potassium ion, lithium ion, and ammonium ion;
  • the bivalent metal ion includes but is not limited to calcium ion, magnesium ion, zinc ion, copper ion, sub-ion Iron ions, manganese ions;
  • the trivalent metal ions include but are not limited to iron ions, nickel ions, chromium ions, aluminum ions.
  • the metal ion is zinc ion.
  • the metal ions are copper ions.
  • the metal ion is sodium ion.
  • the metal ion is calcium ion.
  • the metal ions are iron ions.
  • the preparation method of the glutamine derivative represented by formula (I) according to the present invention uses glutamic acid (abbreviated as Glu) as a starting material, and the chemical reactions involved mainly include esterification of carboxyl groups, acylation of amino groups and Aminolysis of esters, if necessary, hydrolysis of esters.
  • glutamic acid abbreviated as Glu
  • the chemical reactions involved mainly include esterification of carboxyl groups, acylation of amino groups and Aminolysis of esters, if necessary, hydrolysis of esters.
  • Y in the glutamine derivative represented by formula (I) is OH
  • glutamic acid and tert-butanol are dehydrated and condensed under esterification conditions to form di-tert-butyl glutamate (t -Bu-Glu)
  • the preparation method of the glutamine derivative is shown as formula (II):
  • X and R 1 in formula (II) only represent substituent groups. If the materials represented by the raw materials XH and R 1 -OH are not a single substance, X or R 1 should be understood as a collection of substituents; t -Bu represents tert-butyl as a protecting group for carboxyl group, DCM represents dichloromethane, F 3 CCOOH represents trifluoroacetic acid; in addition, rt. represents room temperature, EtN(Pr-i) 2 represents diisopropylethylamine, DMF represents N,N-dimethylformamide, HBTU stands for O-benzotriazole-tetramethylurea hexafluorophosphate (coupling agent).
  • the glutamine derivative when Y in the glutamine derivative represented by formula (I) is OH, the glutamine derivative reacts with the metal base of the first main group or the second main group, or under alkaline conditions
  • the metal ion salt of glutamine derivative can be obtained by reaction with metal halide.
  • the metal base is selected from sodium hydroxide, potassium hydroxide, calcium hydroxide, magnesium hydroxide and the like.
  • the metal halide is metal chloride, metal bromide or metal iodide.
  • the metal chloride is zinc chloride, calcium chloride, magnesium chloride, ferric chloride, copper chloride, manganese chloride, cobalt chloride or nickel chloride
  • the metal bromide is zinc bromide
  • the metal iodide is zinc iodide, calcium iodide, magnesium iodide, iodide Iron, copper iodide, manganese iodide, cobalt iodide or nickel iodide.
  • Y in the glutamine derivative represented by formula (I) is an OC 1 -C 20 alkyl group
  • glutamic acid and tert-butanol are dehydrated and condensed to form glutamic acid under esterification conditions Di-tert-butyl ester (t-Bu-Glu)
  • the preparation method of the glutamine derivative is shown as formula (III):
  • Y, X and R 1 in formula (II) only represent substituent groups. If the material represented by the raw material R 1 -OH is not a single substance, R 1 should be understood as a collection of substituents; t-Bu Represents tert-butyl as a protecting group for carboxyl group, DCM represents dichloromethane, F 3 CCOOH represents trifluoroacetic acid; In addition, rt. represents room temperature, EtN(Pr-i) 2 represents diisopropylethylamine, DMF represents N, N-dimethylformamide, HBTU stands for O-benzotriazole-tetramethylurea hexafluorophosphate (coupling agent).
  • the glutamine derivative is a chiral compound prepared from dibutyl glutamate having a chiral structure (as represented by formula (IV)) or its racemate
  • the glutamine derivatives described in the present invention are selected from the L-(-)-glutamine derivatives (structure (V)) and the D-(+)-glutamine derivatives ( Stereoisomers such as structure (VI)) or racemate DL-( ⁇ )-glutamine derivatives.
  • R 1 in formula (V) and formula (VI) is only represented here as the same and/or different substituent groups.
  • the chiral stereoisomer of the glutamine derivative can undergo a stereo configuration conversion under suitable conditions, such as the interconversion of the stereo conformation of the glutamine derivative to form tautomerism
  • suitable conditions such as the interconversion of the stereo conformation of the glutamine derivative to form tautomerism
  • the process of interconversion is shown in formula (VII):
  • the reaction substrate can generate different geometric isomer products during the reaction.
  • stereoisomer refers to compounds having the same chemical structure but different arrangement of atoms or groups in space, including enantiomers, diastereomers, and conformational isomers , Geometric isomers, atropisomers, etc.
  • Enantiomer refers to two isomers of a compound that cannot overlap but are mirror images of each other.
  • Diastereomers refers to stereoisomers that have two or more chiral neutrals and whose molecules are not mirror images of each other, and have different physical properties such as different melting points, boiling points, spectral properties, and reactivity. Diastereomer mixtures can be separated by high-resolution analytical operations such as electrophoresis or chromatography; "tautomers” refer to structural isomers with different energies that can be interconverted by low energy barriers.
  • the present invention provides that the process of preparing the glutamine derivative also involves the process of separation, purification, or recrystallization of the reaction product.
  • the reaction product can be obtained from the reaction system by a solvent removal method.
  • the crude product is dissolved and analyzed in an alcohol solvent, an alcohol-water mixed solvent, or other organic solvents that can be used for product recrystallization under suitable conditions of temperature, light, and mechanical vibration. Crystal or precipitation or recrystallization and separation to obtain a glutamine derivative with a certain crystal form.
  • the glutamine derivative having a certain crystalline state is a crystal of glutamine derivative or a solvate of glutamine derivative.
  • the solvate of the glutamine derivative may be selected from the hydrate of the glutamine derivative or the ethanolate of the glutamine derivative.
  • solvate refers to the process in which the compound of the present invention is in contact with a solvent molecule, the external condition and the internal condition cause the non-covalent intermolecular force to form a chemical equivalent or non-chemical equivalent of the solvent molecule to form Eutectic association.
  • Solvent-forming solvents include, but are not limited to, water, acetone, ethanol, methanol, dimethyl sulfoxide, ethyl acetate, acetic acid, isopropyl alcohol, and other solvents.
  • “Hydrate” means that the solvent molecule is an association or crystal formed by water, that is, a compound that combines stoichiometric or non-stoichiometric water by non-covalent intermolecular forces.
  • the preparation of the glutamine derivative provided by the present invention can also be processed after salting out in order to obtain a solid substance with higher chemical purity and lower impurity content.
  • the salting-out method uses the principles of acid-base neutralization, acid-base coordination or acid-base chelation to make the acyl derivatives of glutamine form corresponding organic bases, inorganic bases, organic acids or inorganic acids.
  • the inorganic acids include but are not limited to hydrochloride, hydrobromide, phosphate, sulfate, nitrate or a combination thereof
  • the organic base includes but is not limited to Ammonia or triethylamine.
  • the inorganic base includes but is not limited to sodium hydroxide, potassium hydroxide, magnesium hydroxide, or calcium hydroxide.
  • the acceptable salt for feed is the salt formed by the glutamine derivative of the present invention and an organic base, inorganic base, organic acid or inorganic acid which is non-toxic to animals.
  • feed-acceptable means that the substance or composition must be chemically or toxicologically related to the constituent feed or edible farm animal.
  • the glutamine derivative of the present invention is an ester glutamine derivative.
  • the organic acids include but are not limited to acetate, maleate, succinate, mandelate, fumarate, malonate, malate, 2-hydroxypropionate, pyruvate , Oxalate, glycolate, salicylate, glucuronate, galactitol, citrate, tartrate, aspartate, glutamate, benzoate, p-methyl Benzoate, cinnamate, p-toluenesulfonate, benzenesulfonate, methanesulfonate, ethanesulfonate, trifluoromethanesulfonate, or combinations thereof.
  • the present invention relates to the use of glutamine derivatives.
  • the glutamine derivative and its racemate, stereoisomer, geometric isomer, tautomer, solvate or feed acceptable salt provided by the present invention are used in the preparation of animal feed additives.
  • the "animal” referred to in the present invention refers to a person or farm that cannot synthesize inorganic matter into organic matter, and can only use the organic matter as a food for life activities such as ingestion, digestion, absorption, respiration, circulation, excretion, sensation, exercise and reproduction. animal.
  • "Cultivated animals” include poultry, livestock, aquaculture animals, and other animals that are legally captured by captivity including pets, such as cats and dogs.
  • livestock is, for example, any of pigs, cattle, horses, goats, sheep, deer, and many useful rodents.
  • the term “poultry” includes, for example, chickens, ducks, geese, quails, pigeons, and the like.
  • aquaculture animals includes, for example, fish, shrimp, turtles, turtles and the like.
  • the glutamine derivatives and racemates, stereoisomers, geometric isomers, tautomers, solvates or feed acceptable salts provided by the present invention are prepared as animals at various growth stages
  • Non-nutritive additives to improve the production performance of animals the animals may be selected from livestock, poultry, aquaculture animals or pets at various growth stages.
  • the domestic animals include but are not limited to pigs, cows, sheep, horses, rabbits, mink or donkeys
  • the poultry include but are not limited to chickens, turkeys, ducks, geese, quails or pigeons
  • the aquatic products Farmed animals include but are not limited to fish, shrimp, turtle, crab, turtle, bullfrog, eel or loach
  • the pets include but are not limited to dogs or cats of various subspecies.
  • the glutamine derivative provided by the present invention and its racemate, stereoisomer, geometric isomer, tautomer, solvate or feed acceptable salt are prepared Feed additives that improve the performance of hogs have an improvement effect on the average daily weight gain or feed conversion rate of hogs.
  • Feed additives can significantly improve the production performance of broilers or laying hens.
  • it is prepared using the glutamine derivatives and racemates, stereoisomers, geometric isomers, tautomers, solvates, or feed-acceptable salts thereof provided by the present invention. It is a feed additive to improve the production performance of fish.
  • the feed-acceptable salt of the glutamine derivative provided by the present invention used in the preparation of animal feed additives is a metal ion salt.
  • the feed-acceptable salt of the glutamine derivative is a metal ion salt of the glutamine derivative having the structure shown in formula (I).
  • Y is OH
  • the metal ion salt is the glutamine derivative.
  • the metal ion is selected from a monovalent metal ion, a divalent metal ion or a trivalent metal ion.
  • the monovalent metal ion is sodium ion (Na(I)), potassium ion (K(I)) or lithium ion (Li(I)).
  • the divalent metal ion is calcium ion Ca(II), magnesium ion Mg(II), copper ion Cu(II), zinc ion Zn(II), ferrous ion Fe(II), Manganese ion Mn(II), cobalt ion Co(II) or nickel ion Ni(II).
  • the metal ion salt of the glutamine derivative used in the preparation of animal feed additives is zinc ion salts
  • the animal feed additive is an organic zinc agent for animals as a high-dose inorganic zinc replacement.
  • the metal ion salt of the glutamine derivative used in the preparation of animal feed additives is a copper ion salt
  • the animal feed additive is organic copper for animals as a high-dose inorganic copper replacement for animals.
  • the metal ion salt of the glutamine derivative used in the preparation of animal feed additives is an iron ion salt
  • the animal feed additive is an iron supplement for animals.
  • the trivalent metal ion is aluminum ion Al(III), chromium ion Cr(III) or iron ion Fe(III).
  • a feed comprising at least one of glutamine derivatives and their racemates, stereoisomers, geometric isomers, tautomers, solvates or feed acceptable salts and feedable supplementary materials
  • the feedable adjuvant is a feedable carrier, diluent, adjuvant, solvent or a combination thereof.
  • the feed related to the present invention refers to a product processed and manufactured by an industry for animal consumption.
  • composition refers to a group of compounds comprising one or more compounds as active ingredients.
  • the “carrier” referred to in the present invention refers to feedable substances that can carry active ingredients, improve their dispersibility, and have good chemical stability and adsorption, and are organic carriers and inorganic carriers.
  • the organic carrier is a material containing much crude fiber, including but not limited to corn flour, corn cob flour, wheat bran, rice husk powder, defatted rice bran, whole bran, corn stalk powder, peanut shell powder, etc.
  • the inorganic carrier is a mineral substance, which is mainly divided into calcium salts and silicon oxides, which are used for the preparation of trace element premixes, including but not limited to calcium carbonate, silicate, vermiculite, zeolite, sea bubble Stone etc.
  • the "diluent” referred to in the present invention refers to materials that uniformly distribute additive raw materials in the materials, dilute high-concentration additive raw materials into low-concentration premixes or premix materials, which can separate trace ingredients from each other and reduce active ingredients. The interaction between them is to increase the stability of the active ingredients but does not affect the physicochemical properties of the relevant substances. They are organic diluents and inorganic diluents.
  • Organic diluents include, but are not limited to, corn flour, degermated corn flour, dextrose (glucose), sucrose, semolina with bran, fried soy flour, secondary flour, corn gluten meal, etc.; inorganic diluents include but not Limited to limestone, calcium dihydrogen phosphate, shell powder, kaolin (white clay), table salt and sodium sulfate.
  • the adjuvant is a wetting agent that induces the inherent viscosity of the substance itself, a binder that binds the substance, a disintegrant that breaks the whole sheet of the substance into many fine particles, and reduces the gap between the particles Friction retention agent or anti-adhesive agent to prevent material adhesion, including but not limited to magnesium stearate, talc, vegetable oil, magnesium lauryl sulfate, starch, starch slurry, water, inorganic salts, dextrin, powdered sugar, etc. .
  • solvent refers to a solvent required for dissolving or dispersing solids, including but not limited to water, ethanol, glycerin and the like.
  • the feed composition further comprises additional animal feed additives and/or animal feed ingredients.
  • the animal feed additives are nutritional feed additives, general feed additives or pharmaceutical feed additives.
  • the nutritive feed additives refer to small or trace substances added to compound feeds to balance feed nutrients, improve feed utilization, and directly exert nutritional effects on animals, such as amino acids, amino acid salts and their analogues, vitamins and quasi-vitamins , Mineral elements and their complexes (chelates), microbial enzyme preparations or non-protein nitrogen.
  • the general feed additives are also called non-nutritive additives, which refers to some non-nutritive substances added to the feed for improving feed utilization, ensuring feed quality and quality, and beneficial to animal health or metabolism, including growth promoters, Insect repellent health care agent, flavoring and attractant, feed conditioner, feed modulator, feed storage agent and Chinese herbal medicine additives.
  • non-nutritive additives are growth promoters, including but not limited to butyric acid, calcium butyrate, sodium butyrate, tannic acid, p-thymol, p-thymol phenolate, p-thyme phenolate, 2 -Hydroxybenzoic acid, ⁇ -acid, ⁇ -ester, ⁇ -acid, hexahydro ⁇ -acid, hexahydro ⁇ -ester, hexahydro ⁇ -acid, benzoic acid or calcium benzoate, zinc oxide, sulfuric acid Zinc, zinc chloride.
  • growth promoters including but not limited to butyric acid, calcium butyrate, sodium butyrate, tannic acid, p-thymol, p-thymol phenolate, p-thyme phenolate, 2 -Hydroxybenzoic acid, ⁇ -acid, ⁇ -ester, ⁇ -acid, hexahydro ⁇ -
  • the non-nutritive additive is calcium butyrate.
  • the non-nutritive additive is tannic acid.
  • the pharmaceutical feed additives include, but are not limited to, veterinary drug pre-mixtures that have the functions of preventing animal diseases, promoting animal growth, and can be added to the feed for a long period of time and incorporated with carriers or diluents.
  • the pharmaceutical feed additive is a feeding antibiotic
  • the feeding antibiotic includes but is not limited to polymyxin, salinomycin, aviramycin, bacitracin, virginiamycin , Nosiheptide, flavomycin, enramycin, berimycin, olaquindox, oxytetracycline or chlortetracycline.
  • a composition comprising glutamine derivatives and their racemates, stereoisomers, geometric isomers, tautomers, solvates, or feed-acceptable salts, further comprising nutrients One or more of sex feed additives, general feed additives and pharmaceutical feed additives.
  • the animal feed materials are cereals and their processed products, oilseeds and their processed products, leguminous crops and their processed products, tubers, roots and their processed products, other seed and fruit products and Its processed products, forage grass, roughage and its processed products, other plants, algae and its processed products, dairy products and their by-products, terrestrial animal products and their by-products, fish, other aquatic organisms and their by-products, minerals, microbial fermentation Products and by-products, other feed materials such as feed materials.
  • the present invention relates to the use of the above feed composition containing glutamine derivatives and their racemates, stereoisomers, geometric isomers, tautomers, solvates or feed acceptable salts.
  • the feed composition comprising glutamine derivatives and their racemates, stereoisomers, geometric isomers, tautomers, solvates or feed acceptable salts Used in the preparation of animal feed additives.
  • Animal feed prepared by using the feed composition containing glutamine derivatives and their racemates, stereoisomers, geometric isomers, tautomers, solvates or feed acceptable salts
  • the additives are livestock feed additives, poultry feed additives, aquaculture animal feed additives or pet feed additives.
  • the feed composition containing glutamine derivatives and their racemates, stereoisomers, geometric isomers, tautomers, solvates or feed acceptable salts is used for preparation Animal feed additives.
  • the livestock include but are not limited to pigs, cows, sheep, horses, rabbits, mink, etc. at various growth stages.
  • the feed composition containing glutamine derivatives and their racemates, stereoisomers, geometric isomers, tautomers, solvates or feed acceptable salts is used for preparation Poultry feed additives.
  • the poultry includes but is not limited to chickens, ducks, geese, pigeons, etc. at various growth stages.
  • the feed composition containing glutamine derivatives and their racemates, stereoisomers, geometric isomers, tautomers, solvates or feed acceptable salts is used for preparation Feed additives for aquaculture animals.
  • the aquaculture animals include but are not limited to fish, shrimp, crab, turtle, eel, etc. at various growth stages.
  • the feed composition containing glutamine derivatives and their racemates, stereoisomers, geometric isomers, tautomers, solvates or feed acceptable salts is used for preparation Pet feed additives.
  • the pets include but are not limited to artificially raised dogs or cats.
  • the composition comprising glutamine derivatives and their racemates, stereoisomers, geometric isomers, tautomers, solvates, or feed-acceptable salts as described
  • the prepared animal feed additive is a premix, a compound premix, a liquid or a granule.
  • the feed combination comprising glutamine derivatives and their racemates, stereoisomers, geometric isomers, tautomers, solvates or feed acceptable salts
  • the material is used in the preparation of animal feed.
  • Animal feed prepared by using the feed composition containing glutamine derivatives and their racemates, stereoisomers, geometric isomers, tautomers, solvates or feed acceptable salts
  • livestock feed poultry feed, aquaculture animal feed or pet feed.
  • the feed composition containing glutamine derivatives and their racemates, stereoisomers, geometric isomers, tautomers, solvates or feed acceptable salts is used for preparation Livestock feed, including but not limited to pigs, cows, sheep, horses, rabbits, mink, etc. at various growth stages.
  • the feed composition containing glutamine derivatives and their racemates, stereoisomers, geometric isomers, tautomers, solvates or feed acceptable salts is used for preparation Poultry feed.
  • the poultry includes but is not limited to chickens, ducks, geese, pigeons, etc. at various growth stages.
  • the feed composition containing glutamine derivatives and their racemates, stereoisomers, geometric isomers, tautomers, solvates or feed acceptable salts is used for preparation Feed for aquaculture animals.
  • the aquaculture animals include but are not limited to fish, shrimp, crab, turtle, eel, etc. at various growth stages.
  • the feed composition containing glutamine derivatives and their racemates, stereoisomers, geometric isomers, tautomers, solvates or feed acceptable salts is used for preparation Pet feed.
  • the pets include but are not limited to dogs or cats raised artificially.
  • a feed composition comprising glutamine derivatives and their racemates, stereoisomers, geometric isomers, tautomers, solvates or feed acceptable salts
  • the feed is a single feed, concentrated feed, compound feed, compound premix or concentrate supplement.
  • the compound feed is a full-price compound feed.
  • the farmer will include a feed of glutamine derivatives and their racemates, stereoisomers, geometric isomers, tautomers, solvates or feed acceptable salts Additives and feeds given to animals for consumption can significantly improve animal production performance.
  • the feed additive is a premix, a compound premix, a granule, or a liquid
  • the animal feed is mixed with the animal feed.
  • the animals are domestic animals, poultry, aquaculture animals or pets.
  • the livestock include, but are not limited to, pigs, cattle, sheep, horses, rabbits, mink, etc. at various growth stages;
  • the poultry include, but are not limited to, chickens, ducks, geese, pigeons, etc. at various growth stages;
  • the aquaculture animals include but are not limited to fish, shrimp, crab, turtle, eel, etc. at various growth stages; pets include but are not limited to dogs or cats raised artificially.
  • the farmer combines the glutamine derivatives and their racemates, stereoisomers, geometric isomers, tautomers, solvates or feed acceptable salts with feed additives and Feeding the feed to the weaned pigs significantly improves the average daily weight gain rate and feed conversion rate of the weaned pigs.
  • the farmer combines the glutamine derivatives and their racemates, stereoisomers, geometric isomers, tautomers, solvates or feed acceptable salts with feed additives and Feeding companion feed to broiler chickens significantly reduces the feed-to-meat ratio of broilers and improves feed conversion rate.
  • the farmer combines the glutamine derivatives and their racemates, stereoisomers, geometric isomers, tautomers, solvates or feed acceptable salts with feed additives and Feed the fish with food.
  • the farmer combines the glutamine derivatives and their racemates, stereoisomers, geometric isomers, tautomers, solvates or feed acceptable salts with feed additives and Feed it to young dogs.
  • the farmer will include glutamine derivatives and their racemates, stereoisomers, geometric isomers, tautomers, solvates or feed acceptable salts
  • the feed composition for animal feed can significantly improve animal production performance.
  • the feed composition is a feed additive premix, a feed additive compound premix, a granule, or a liquid, which is given to animals for consumption.
  • the feed composition is a feed additive premix.
  • the feed composition is a feed additive compound premix.
  • the feed composition is concentrated feed, compound feed, compound premix or concentrate supplement, which is directly fed to animals for animal feed.
  • the feed composition is a full-price compound feed.
  • the glutamine derivatives involved in the breeding experiment are shown in Table 1.
  • a total of 480 65-day-old “Du Changda” ternary hybrid lean piglets of similar body weight were randomly divided into 16 treatment groups, with 3 replicates in each group, 10 replicates in each group, half male and female. Sterilize pigpens and utensils before the test. During the test period, the pens were housed in pens under the same feeding and management conditions. During the test, the test pigs were free to eat and drink water, feeding twice a day.
  • Each test group is a control group and test 2 to 16 groups. Among them, the control group was given only the basic diet, and the test groups 2 to 16 were given diets with 800 ppm of different glutamine derivatives added to the basic diet, as shown in Table 2.
  • test period is 28 days, with each repetition as the unit, weighed after 12 hours of continuous non-stop water and feed at the age of 93 days to calculate the average daily feed intake (ADFI, g/d* only) and average daily gain of each test group (ADG, g/d* only) and feed ratio (FCR). Calculated as follows:
  • Average daily feed intake (total ingredients-leftovers) / (days of experiment ⁇ number of pigs per repeat);
  • Average daily weight gain (average body weight at the end of the test-average body weight at the beginning of the test)/days of the test;
  • Feed ratio average daily feed intake/average daily gain.
  • test results are shown in Table 2.
  • the influence of the test products used in this experiment on the production performance of the test pigs was evaluated in terms of feed intake, weight gain and feed conversion rate.
  • test article has no significant effect on the feed intake of the pigs, although the feed intake of some test groups has increased compared with the control group.
  • the average daily weight gain of each test group showed different degrees of increase regardless of whether the feed intake was less than that of the control group; in terms of meat ratio, each test group decreased by about 4.6% to 7.6% compared with the control group.
  • the test group 8-10 group is the most significant.
  • a single-factor random design was used in the experiment, and 720 three-yellow feather broilers with an average body weight of 50g at 1 day of age were selected and randomly divided into 16 treatment groups, with 3 replicates in each group, half male and female, and 15 replicates each. Three yellow feather broilers. Sterilize the house and utensils before the test. During the test period, cages were housed under the same feeding and management conditions in the same house. The basic diet is mainly corn-soybean meal, and no additional antioxidants and growth promoters are added during the entire feeding process. Each test group is a control group and test 2 to 16 groups. Among them, test 1 is the control group and only the basic diet is given.
  • test groups 2-16 750 ppm of different glutamine derivatives are added to the basic diet respectively. See Table 3 for grouping.
  • the test period was 20 days.
  • the test chickens had free access to water and feed, and were fed twice a day. Take each repetition as the unit, weigh at 21 days of age (without feeding for 12h, without water), calculate the test chicken consumption, and calculate the average daily feed intake of each group of test chickens (ADFI, g/d* only) 3.
  • the average daily weight gain (ADG, g/d* only) and feed-to-meat ratio (FCR) are calculated as follows:
  • Feed ratio (FCR) average daily feed intake/average daily gain.
  • test results are shown in Table 3. From the results, it can be seen that the test product has no significant effect on the feed intake of the test chickens; the effect on the average daily weight gain is significantly higher than that of the control group, and the average daily weight gain of each test group appears significant
  • the lifting effect of the test was increased by 8.7% to 17.4%; the test product had a significant improvement effect on the feed ratio of each test group, and the overall decrease was about 7.6% to 10.9%, of which 8-10 in the test group added N-
  • the zinc, copper and calcium salt of benzoyl theanine decreased by 10.9%-12.5% compared with the control group.
  • the test fish used was grass carp, which was conducted by the Guangzhou Insett Proving Ground Aquatic Farm. Healthy and lively grass carp species with the same specifications were reared in large cages for 4 weeks before being used in formal breeding experiments.
  • the experimental system was floating small cages. Both small cages and temporary cages are placed in a 3500m 2 pond in the test site. The pond water depth is about 1.5m, and the pond water is fully aerated bottom water.
  • 520 hungry grass carp 520 fish were randomly divided into 13 groups, each group was set up with 4 repetitions, and 10 fish were placed in each repetition. After being weighed as a whole, they were randomly placed in 40 cages and fed with different test feeds. .
  • the test feed was prepared by itself.
  • test groups added 500 ppm of different glutamine derivatives to the base material respectively, and the grouping is shown in Table 4.
  • the experiment uses artificial food restriction feeding, the feeding amount is adjusted once a week, the feeding level of the two groups (according to the initial body weight) is exactly the same, feeding twice a day (7:30 and 15:00), a total of 580g. The trial will last for 8 weeks.
  • Weight gain rate (%) (average final weight-average initial weight)/average initial weight*100
  • Feed coefficient 580/(average final weight-average initial weight)
  • test group with the added glutamine derivative showed an increase rate of 2.01%-8.9%, a decrease of 5.18%-8.29% in the feed coefficient, and a significant change in the feed conversion rate. Promotion.

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Abstract

一种谷氨酰胺衍生物在制备动物饲料添加剂中的应用。具体为结构如以下式(I)所示的谷氨酰胺衍生物或其消旋体、立体异构体、几何异构体、互变异构体、溶剂合物、饲料可接受的盐在动物饲料添加剂中的应用。在动物养殖试验中结果表明，谷氨酰胺衍生物或其消旋体、立体异构体、几何异构体、互变异构体、溶剂合物、饲料可接受的盐等化合物可作为动物饲料添加剂应用，具有良好的改善动物的生长和饲料报酬等生产性能的效果。

Description

一种谷氨酰胺衍生物在制备动物饲料添加剂中的应用 技术领域：
本发明涉及动物饲料添加剂领域，具体涉及一种谷氨酰胺衍生物或其消旋体、立体异构体、几何异构体、互变异构体、溶剂合物、饲料可接受的盐在制备动物饲料添加剂中的应用以及包含所述谷氨酰胺衍生物或其消旋体、立体异构体、几何异构体、互变异构体、溶剂合物、饲料可接受的盐的饲用组合物及其在制备动物饲料添加剂或动物饲料中的应用。
背景技术：
氨基酰基化的谷氨酰胺衍生物通常是谷氨酰胺的酰胺取代衍生物的制备中间体。有研究报道N-乙酰基-DL-茶氨酸与米曲霉氨基酰化酶在合适的反应条件下可制备L-茶氨酸。又有研究报道L-谷氨酸与邻苯二甲酸酐反应生成邻苯二甲酰-L-谷氨酸后成酸酐，在乙胺水溶液中氨解为邻苯二甲酰-L-茶氨酸，在水合肼下脱去邻苯二甲酰基获得L-茶氨酸。
氨基酰基化的谷氨酰胺衍生物具有协同增强感官特性。有研究报道N-酰基茶氨酸的水溶液具有令人失望的微弱的脂肪味道特性，与香味辅助成分的组合及其使用水平的慎重选择后能起到补充、提升或加强食品或饮料的基本或真实的香味和口感特征。
饲料添加剂，是指在饲料加工、制作、使用过程中添加的少量或者微量物质，包括营养性饲料添加剂和一般饲料添加剂。其中，一般饲料添加剂，是指为保证或者改善饲料品质、提高饲料利用率而掺入饲料中的少量或者微量物质。目前，常用的具有高效稳定地提高饲料利用率、改善动物生产性能的一般饲料添加剂主要包括：高剂量铜剂、高剂量锌剂、饲用抗生素、化学合成抗菌剂等。但是，在养殖业中长期使用这些物质会产生较大的副作用，如动物的肝肾毒性、抑制生长、肾脏功能损伤、尿路障碍、致畸、致突变、产生耐药性、药残留和污染环境等弊端。为了保障动物的健康以及提高养殖业的生产效益，寻求有效、稳定、安全的新饲料添加剂是本领域急需解决的问题。
发明内容：
基于此，本发明提供一种谷氨酰胺衍生物或其消旋体、立体异构体、几何异构体、互变异构体、溶剂合物、饲料可接受的盐在制备动物饲料添加剂中的应用以及包含所述谷氨酰胺衍生物或其消旋体、立体异构体、几何异构体、互变异构体、溶剂合物、饲料可接受的盐的饲用组合物及其在制备动物饲料添加剂或动物饲料中的应用。
一方面，本发明提供了一种结构如式(I)所示的谷氨酰胺衍生物或其消旋体、立体异构体、几何异构 体、互变异构体、溶剂合物、饲料可接受的盐。
Figure PCTCN2018121709-appb-000001
在一些技术方案中，Y为OC 1-C 20烷基或OH；X为C 4-C 10含氮环烷基、NHC 1-C 20烷基或N(C 1-C 20烷基) 2；R 1为R 1aC(＝O)，R 1bC(＝O)，R 1aS(＝O) 2，R 1bS(＝O) 2或H；R 2为R 2aC(＝O)，R 2bC(＝O)，R 2aS(＝O) 2或R 2bS(＝O) 2；R 1b和R 2b分别独立为C 1-C 20烷基，C 3-C 7环烷基，或为任选地被1、2、3、4或5个R 3所取代的C 1-C 20烷基、C 3-C 7环烷基；R 3为-OH，-NH 2，-CN，-SH或-X 1，其中X 1选自F、Cl、Br或I；R 1a和R 2a分别独立为C 5-C 12芳基，C 5-C 12杂芳基，-(C 1-C 4亚烷基)-C 5-C 12芳基，-(C 1-C 4亚烷基)-C 5-C 12杂芳基，或为任选地被1、2、3、4或5个R 4所取代的C 5-C 12芳基、C 5-C 12杂芳基、-(C 1-C 4亚烷基)-C 5-C 12芳基、-(C 1-C 4亚烷基)-C 5-C 12杂芳基；R 4为-OH，-NH 2，-NO 2，-CN，-SH，-X 2，-C 1-C 5烷氧基，-C 1-C 5烷基，或为X 2取代的-C 1-C 5烷基，其中X 2选自F、Cl、Br或I。
在一些技术方案中，R 1为R 1aC(＝O)或H；R 2为R 2aC(＝O)；R 1a和R 2a分别独立为C 5-C 12芳基，C 5-C 12杂芳基，-(C 1-C 4亚烷基)-C 5-C 12芳基，-(C 1-C 4亚烷基)-C 5-C 12杂芳基，或为任选地被1、2、3、4或5个R 4所取代的C 5-C 12芳基、C 5-C 12杂芳基、-(C 1-C 4亚烷基)-C 5-C 12芳基、-(C 1-C 4亚烷基)-C 5-C 12杂芳基；R 4为-OH，-NH 2，-NO 2，-CN，-SH，-X 2，-C 1-C 5烷氧基，-C 1-C 5烷基，或为X 2取代的-C 1-C 5烷基，其中X 2选自F、Cl、Br或I。
在一些技术方案中，R 1为H；R 2为R 2aC(＝O)；所述的R 2a为C 5-C 12芳基、-(C 1-C 4亚烷基)-C 5-C 12芳基，或为任选地被1、2、3、4或5个R 4所取代的C 5-C 12芳基、-(C 1-C 4亚烷基)-C 5-C 12芳基；R 4为-OH，-NH 2，-NO 2，-CN，-SH，-X 2，-C 1-C 5烷氧基，-C 1-C 5烷基，或为X 2取代的-C 1-C 5烷基，其中X 2选自F、Cl、Br或I。
在一些技术方案中，R 1为H；R 2为R 2aC(＝O)；所述的R 2a为C 6芳基、-(C 1-C 4亚烷基)-C 6芳基，或为任选地被1、2、3、4或5个R 4所取代的C 6芳基、-(C 1-C 4亚烷基)-C 6芳基；R 4为-OH，-NH 2，-NO 2，-CN，-SH，-X 2，-C 1-C 5烷氧基，-C 1-C 5烷基，或为X 2取代的-C 1-C 5烷基，其中X 2选自F、Cl、Br或I。
在一些技术方案中，R 2a为苯基、-(C 1-C 4亚烷基)-苯基，或为任选地被1、2、3、4或5个R 4所取代的苯基、-(C 1-C 4亚烷基)-苯基；R 4为-OH，-NH 2，-NO 2，-CN，-SH，-X 2，-C 1-C 5烷氧基，-C 1-C 5烷 基，或为X 2取代的-C 1-C 5烷基，其中X 2选自F、Cl、Br或I。
在一些技术方案中，所述的R 1为H，R 2为R 2aC(＝O)，所述的R 2a为苯基、被R 4取代的苯基，所述的R 4为-OH，-NH 2，-NO 2，-CN，-SH，-X 2，-C 1-C 5烷氧基，-C 1-C 5烷基，其中X 2选自F、Cl、Br或I；所述的R 2b为C 1-C 15烷基；所述的Y为-OH或-OC 1-C 5；所述的X为-NHC 1-C 5烷基。
在一些技术方案中，R 1为R 1bC(＝O)或H；R 2为R 2bC(＝O)；R 1b和R 2b分别独立为C 1-C 20烷基，C 3-C 6环烷基，或为任选地被1、2、3、4或5个R 3所取代的C 1-C 20烷基、C 3-C 7环烷基；R 3为-OH，-NH 2，-CN，-SH或-X 1，其中X 1选自F、Cl、Br或I。
在一些技术方案中，R 1为H；R 2为R 2bC(＝O)；所述的R 2b为C 1-C 20烷基或为任选地被1、2、3、4或5个R 3所取代的C 1-C 20烷基；R 3为-OH，-NH 2，-CN，-SH或-X 1，其中X 1选自F、Cl、Br或I。
在一些技术方案中，Y为OC 1-C 10烷基。
在一些技术方案中，X为C 4-C 10含氮环烷基。
在一些技术方案中，X为NHC 1-C 20烷基。
在一些技术方案中，X优选为NHC 1-C 10烷基。
另一方面，本发明提供了上述谷氨酰胺衍生物或其消旋体、立体异构体、几何异构体、互变异构体、溶剂合物、饲料可接受的盐，在制备动物饲料添加剂中的应用。
另一方面，本发明提供了一种饲用组合物，包含本发明提供的谷氨酰胺衍生物或其消旋体、立体异构体、几何异构体、互变异构体、溶剂合物、饲料可接受的盐中的至少一种和可饲用辅料；其中，所述的可饲用辅料选自可饲用的载体、稀释剂、赋形剂、溶媒或它们的组合。
在一些技术方案中，所述的饲用组合物还包含动物饲料原料。
在一些技术方案中，所述的饲用组合物还包含附加动物饲料添加剂。
在一些技术方案中，所述的饲用组合物还包含动物饲料原料和附加动物饲料添加剂。
在一些技术方案中，所述的附加的动物饲料添加剂可选自营养性饲料添加剂和/或一般饲料添加剂和/或药物饲料添加剂。
另一方面，本发明提供了所述饲用组合物在制备动物饲料添加剂中的应用。
另一方面，本发明提供了所述饲用组合物在制备动物饲料中的应用。
另一方面，本发明还提供了一种改善养殖动物生产性能的方法。
本发明的有益效果：
在动物养殖试验中结果表明，本发明提供的谷氨酰胺衍生物或其消旋体、立体异构体、几何异构体、 互变异构体、溶剂合物、饲料可接受的盐等化合物可作为动物饲料添加剂应用，具有良好的改善动物的生长和饲料报酬等生产性能的效果。
本发明的任一方面的任一实施方案可以与其他实施方案进行组合，只要它们之间不出现矛盾。此外，在本发明任一方面的任一实施方案中，任一技术特征可以适用于其它实施方案中的该技术特征，只要它们之间不会出现矛盾。
前面所述内容只是概述了本发明的某些方面，但不限于这些方面。上述涉及内容及其他方面的内容将在下面做更加具体完整的描述。
本发明的进一步详细描述。
现在详细描述本发明的某些实施方案，其实例由随附的结构式和化学式加以说明。本发明的意图涵盖所有的替代、修改和等同的技术方案，它们均包括在如权利要求定义的本发明的范围内。另外，本发明的某些技术特征为清楚可见，在多个独立的实施方案中分别进行描述，但也可以在单个实施例中以组合形式提供或以任意适合的子组合形式提供。
化合物
本发明涉及的化合物是一种结构如式(I)所示的谷氨酰胺衍生物。
Figure PCTCN2018121709-appb-000002
其中，Y为谷氨酰胺衍生物的羧基上的活泼氢被取代的氧原子(简写为O)上的取代基，X为谷氨酰胺衍生物中酰胺基团上的氨基氮原子(简写为N)被取代后的基团，R 1和R 2为氨基氮原子(简写为N)上的取代基。
进一步的，Y为OC 1-C 20烷基或OH；X为C 4-C 10含氮环烷基、NHC 1-C 20烷基或N(C 1-C 20烷基) 2；R 1为R 1aC(＝O)，R 1bC(＝O)，R 1aS(＝O) 2，R 1bS(＝O) 2或H；R 2为R 2aC(＝O)，R 2bC(＝O)，R 2aS(＝O) 2或R 2bS(＝O) 2。
其中，R 1b和R 2b分别独立为取代或非取代的C 1-C 20烷基或C 3-C 7环烷基；当R 1b和/或R 2b为取代的C 1-C 20烷基或C 3-C 7环烷基时，所述的C 1-C 20烷基或C 3-C 7环烷基为任选地被1、2、3、4或5个R 3所取代的C 1-C 20烷基、C 3-C 7环烷基；R 3为-OH，-NH 2，-CN，-SH或-X 1，其中X 1选自F、Cl、Br或I；
R 1a和R 2a分别独立为取代或非取代的C 5-C 12芳基，C 5-C 12杂芳基，-(C 1-C 4亚烷基)-C 5-C 12芳基，-(C 1-C 4亚烷基)-C 5-C 12杂芳基；当R 1a和R 2a为取代的C 5-C 12芳基，C 5-C 12杂芳基，-(C 1-C 4亚烷基)-C 5-C 12芳基， -(C 1-C 4亚烷基)-C 5-C 12杂芳基时，所述的C 5-C 12芳基，C 5-C 12杂芳基，-(C 1-C 4亚烷基)-C 5-C 12芳基，-(C 1-C 4亚烷基)-C 5-C 12杂芳基为任选地被1、2、3、4或5个R 4所取代的C 5-C 12芳基、C 5-C 12杂芳基、-(C 1-C 4亚烷基)-C 5-C 12芳基、-(C 1-C 4亚烷基)-C 5-C 12杂芳基；R 4为-OH，-NH 2，-NO 2，-CN，-SH，-X 2，-C 1-C 5烷氧基，-C 1-C 5烷基，或为X 2取代的-C 1-C 5烷基，其中X 2选自F、Cl、Br或I。
一般的，“取代的”表示所给结构中的一个或多个可被取代的氢原子被具体取代基所取代，一个取代的基团可以有一个取代基在基团各个可取代的位置进行取代，当所给出的结构式中不只一个位置能被具体基团的一个或多个取代基所取代，那么取代基可以相同或不同地在各个位置取代。
在本发明中，“OC a-C b烷基”表示含有a个至b个碳原子的直链或支链的饱和烷氧基，如甲氧基、乙氧基、丙氧基、异丙氧基、……，如“OC 1-C 10烷基”是表示含有1个至5个碳原子的直链或支链的饱和烷氧基；“C 3-C 7环烷基”表示为包含3个-7个碳原子的只含碳氢两种元素的环状烷基，如环丙基、2-甲基环丙基、环戊基等；“C 1-C 5烷氧基”表示含有1个至5个碳原子和一个氧原子的基团，如甲氧基，乙氧基、丙氧基、异丙氧基等；“C 5-C 12芳基”表示含有5个至12个碳原子具有芳香性的环状基团，如苯环等；“C 5-C 12杂芳基”表示含有5个至12个碳原子和1个以上杂原子(包括但不限于氧原子(O)、硫原子(S)、氮原子(N))具有芳香性的环状基团，如吡咯烷基、吡啶烷基等；“C n-C m含氮环烷基”表示含有n个或m个碳原子和1个氮原子的取代或非取代环烷基，如四氢吡咯烷基、哌啶烷基等；“NHC 1-C 20烷基”表示被含有1个至20个碳原子的直链或支链的饱和烷基取代的仲氨基，如NHCH 3、NHCH 2CH 3等。
在一些实施方案中，式(I)所示的谷氨酰胺衍生物中的X为C 4-C 10含氮环烷基。
进一步的，所述的X优选为取代或非取代的四氢吡咯烷基或哌啶烷基。
更进一步的，所述的X为取代的四氢吡咯烷基或哌啶烷基时，所述的X为被1-5个C 1-C 6直链或支链烷基取代的四氢吡咯烷基或哌啶烷基。
在一些实施例中，式(I)所示的谷氨酰胺衍生物中的X为
Figure PCTCN2018121709-appb-000003
Figure PCTCN2018121709-appb-000004
在另一些实施例中，式(I)所示的谷氨酰胺衍生物中的X为
Figure PCTCN2018121709-appb-000005
Figure PCTCN2018121709-appb-000006
在一些实施方案中，式(I)所示的谷氨酰胺衍生物中的X为NHC 1-C 20烷基。
进一步的，所述的X为NHC 1-C 20烷基时，所述的烷基为直链烷基。
更进一步的，所述的X优选为NHC 1-C 10烷基，所述的烷基为直链烷基。
在一些实施例中，所述的X为NHCH 3、NHCH 2CH 3、NH(CH 2) 2CH 3、NH(CH 2) 3CH 3、NH(CH 2) 4CH 3、NH(CH 2) 5CH 3、NH(CH 2) 6CH 3、NH(CH 2) 7CH 3、NH(CH 2) 8CH 3、NH(CH 2) 9CH 3。
另外，所述的X为NHC 1-C 20烷基时，所述的烷基为支链烷基。
进一步的，所述的X优选为NHC 1-C 10烷基时，所述的烷基为支链烷基。
在一些实施例中，所述的X包括但不限于NHCH(CH 3) 2、NHC(CH 3) 3。
在一些实施方案中，式(I)所示的谷氨酰胺衍生物中的X为N(C 1-C 20烷基) 2。
进一步的，所述的烷基优选为直链烷基。
更进一步的，所述的烷基优选为直链烷基时，所述的X优选为N(C 1-C 10烷基) 2。
在一些实施例中，所述的X包括但不限于二甲基氨基、二乙基氨基、二正丙基氨基、二正丁基氨基、二正戊基氨基、二正几基氨基、二正更基氨基、二正辛基氨基、二正壬基氨基或二正癸基氨基。
在另一些实施方案中，式(I)所示的谷氨酰胺衍生物中的X为N(C 1-C 20烷基) 2，所述的烷基为支链烷基。
进一步的，所述的X优选为N(C 1-C 10烷基) 2，所述的烷基为支链烷基。
在一些实施方案中，式(I)所示的谷氨酰胺衍生物中的Y为OH。
在另一些实施方案中，式(I)所示的谷氨酰胺衍生物中的Y为OC 1-C 20烷基。
进一步的，所述的烷基为直链烷基。
在一些实施例中，所述的Y选自OCH 3、OCH 2CH 3、O(CH 2) 2CH 3、O(CH 2) 3CH 3、O(CH 2) 4CH 3、O(CH 2) 5CH 3、O(CH 2) 6CH 3、O(CH 2) 7CH 3、O(CH 2) 8CH 3、O(CH 2) 9CH 3。
另外，所述的Y为OC 1-C 20烷基时，所述的烷基为支链烷基。
进一步的，所述的Y优选为OC 1-C 10烷基时，所述的烷基为支链烷基。
在一些实施例中，所述的Y包括但不限于OCH(CH 3) 2、OC(CH 3) 3。
在一些实施方案中，式(I)所示的谷氨酰胺衍生物中的R 1为R 1aS(＝O) 2或H，R 2aS(＝O) 2。
进一步的，所述的R 1优选为H。
在一些实施方案中，式(I)所示的谷氨酰胺衍生物中的R 1为R 1bS(＝O) 2或H，R 2为R 2bS(＝O) 2。
进一步的，所述的R 1优选为H。
在一些实施方案中，式(I)所示的谷氨酰胺衍生物中的R 1为R 1aC(＝O)或H；R 2为R 2aC(＝O)。
进一步的，所述的R 1优选为H。
在一些实施方案中，式(I)所示的谷氨酰胺衍生物中的R 1为R 1bC(＝O)或H；R 2为R 2bC(＝O)。
进一步的，所述的R 1优选为H。
在一些实施方案中，式(I)所示的谷氨酰胺衍生物中的R 1a和/或R 2a选自取代或非取代的C 5-C 12芳基。
进一步的，所述的非取代的C 5-C 12芳基包括但不限于环戊二烯基、苯基或萘基。
在一些实施例中，所述的R 1a和/或R 2a为
Figure PCTCN2018121709-appb-000007
另外，所述的R 1a和/或R 2a为取代的C 5-C 12芳基时，所述的C 5-C 12芳基为任选地被1、2、3、4或5个R 4所取代的C 5-C 12芳基，所述的R 4为-OH，-NH 2，-NO 2，-CN，-SH，-X 2，-C 1-C 5烷氧基，-C 1-C 5烷基，或为X 2取代的-C 1-C 5烷基，其中X 2选自F、Cl、Br或I。
进一步的，C 5-C 12芳基优选为C 6芳基。
具体的，所述的R 1a和/或R 2a为取代的苯基，任选地被1、2、3、4或5个R 4所取代，所述的R 4为-OH，-NH 2，-NO 2，-CN，-SH，-X 2，-C 1-C 5烷氧基，-C 1-C 5烷基，或为X 2取代的-C 1-C 5烷基，其中X 2选自F、Cl、Br或I。
在一些实施例中，所述的R 1a和/或R 2a为
Figure PCTCN2018121709-appb-000008
Figure PCTCN2018121709-appb-000009
在一些实施方案中，式(I)所示的谷氨酰胺衍生物中的R 1a和/或R 2a选自取代或非取代的-(C 1-C 4亚烷基)-C 5-C 12芳基。
进一步的，R 1a和/或R 2a为非取代的-(C 1-C 4亚烷基)-C 5-C 12芳基时，所述的C 5-C 12芳基包括但不限于环戊二烯基、苯基或萘基，所述的亚烷基优选为亚甲基。
在一些实施例中，所述的R 1a和/或R 2a为
Figure PCTCN2018121709-appb-000010
(苄基)。
另外，所述的R 1a和/或R 2a为取代的-(C 1-C 4亚烷基)-C 5-C 12芳基时，所述的C 5-C 12芳基为任选地被1、2、3、4或5个R 4所取代的C 5-C 12芳基，所述的R 4为-OH，-NH 2，-NO 2，-CN，-SH，-X 2，-C 1-C 5烷氧基，-C 1-C 5烷基，或为X 2取代的-C 1-C 5烷基，其中X 2选自F、Cl、Br或I。
进一步的，C 5-C 12芳基优选为C 6芳基。
具体的，所述的R 1a和/或R 2a为取代的苄基，任选地被1、2、3、4或5个R 4所取代，所述的R 4为-OH，-NH 2，-NO 2，-CN，-SH，-X 2，-C 1-C 5烷氧基，-C 1-C 5烷基，或为X 2取代的-C 1-C 5烷基，其中X 2选自F、Cl、Br或I。
在一些实施例中，所述的R 1a和/或R 2a为
Figure PCTCN2018121709-appb-000011
Figure PCTCN2018121709-appb-000012
在一些实施方案中，式(I)所示的谷氨酰胺衍生物中的R 1a和/或R 2a选自取代或非取代的C 5-C 12杂芳基。
进一步的，R 1a和/或R 2a为非取代的C 5-C 12杂芳基时，所述的C 5-C 12杂芳基包括但不限于吡咯烷基、吡唑基或吡啶基。
在一些实施例中，R 1a和/或R 2a为
Figure PCTCN2018121709-appb-000013
另外，R 1a和/或R 2a为取代的C 5-C 12杂芳基时，所述的C 5-C 12杂芳基任选地被1、2、3、4或5个R 4所取代，所述的R 4为-OH，-NH 2，-NO 2，-CN，-SH，-X 2，-C 1-C 5烷氧基，-C 1-C 5烷基，或为X 2取代的-C 1-C 5烷基，其中X 2选自F、Cl、Br或I。
进一步的，所述的C 5-C 12杂芳基优选为吡咯烷基、吡唑基或吡啶基。
在一些实施例中，
Figure PCTCN2018121709-appb-000014
在一些实施方案中，式(I)所示的谷氨酰胺衍生物中的R 1a和/或R 2a选自取代或非取代的-(C 1-C 4亚烷 基)-C 5-C 12杂芳基。
进一步的，所述的C 5-C 12杂芳基为非取代的-(C 1-C 4亚烷基)-C 5-C 12杂芳基，所述的C 5-C 12杂芳基包括但不限于吡咯烷基、吡唑基或吡啶基，所述的C 1-C 4亚烷基优选为亚甲基。
在一些实施例中，所述的R 1a和/或R 2a为
Figure PCTCN2018121709-appb-000015
另外，R 1a和/或R 2a为取代的-(C 1-C 4亚烷基)-C 5-C 12杂芳基时，所述的C 5-C 12杂芳基任选地被1、2、3、4或5个R 4所取代，所述的R 4为-OH，-NH 2，-NO 2，-CN，-SH，-X 2，-C 1-C 5烷氧基，-C 1-C 5烷基，或为X 2取代的-C 1-C 5烷基，其中X 2选自F、Cl、Br或I。
进一步的，所述的C 5-C 12杂芳基优选为吡咯烷基、吡唑基或吡啶基，所述的C 1-C 4亚烷基优选为亚甲基。
在一些实施例中，所述的R 1a和/或R 2a为
Figure PCTCN2018121709-appb-000016
Figure PCTCN2018121709-appb-000017
在一些具体的实施方式中，本发明所述的谷氨酰胺衍生物包括：，以及上述化合物对应的消旋体、立体异构体、几何异构体、互变异构体、溶剂合物、饲料可接受的盐。
在一些实施方案中，式(I)所示的谷氨酰胺衍生物中的Y为OH，所述的谷氨酰胺衍生物可进一步以饲料可接受的盐的形式存在，所述的饲料可接受的盐为金属离子盐。
进一步的，所述的金属离子为一价金属离子、二价金属离子或三价金属离子。
具体的，所述的一价金属离子包括但不限于钠离子、钾离子、锂离子、铵离子；所述的二价金属离子包括但不限于钙离子、镁离子、锌离子、铜离子、亚铁离子、锰离子；所述的三价金属离子包括但不限于铁离子、镍离子、铬离子、铝离子。
在一些实施例中，所述的金属离子为锌离子。
在另一些实施例中，所述的金属离子为铜离子。
在另一些实施例中，所述的金属离子为钠离子。
在另一些实施例中，所述的金属离子为钙离子。
在另一些实施例中，所述的金属离子为铁离子。
化合物的制备与纯化
本发明涉及的如式(I)所示的谷氨酰胺衍生物的制备方法以谷氨酸(简称为Glu)为起始原料，涉及的化学反应主要包括羧基的酯化、氨基的酰基化和酯的氨解，必要时进行酯的水解。
在一些实施方案中，式(I)所示的谷氨酰胺衍生物中的Y为OH时，谷氨酸与叔丁醇在酯化条件下脱水缩合后生成谷氨酸二叔丁酯(t-Bu-Glu)，所述的谷氨酰胺衍生物的制备方法如式(Ⅱ)所示：
Figure PCTCN2018121709-appb-000018
要明确的是，式(Ⅱ)中的X和R 1仅表示取代基团，若原料X-H和R 1-OH所代表的物质不是单一物质则X或R 1应当理解为取代基的集合；t-Bu代表叔丁基作为羧基的保护基，DCM代表二氯甲烷，F 3CCOOH代表三氟乙酸；另外，rt.代表常温，EtN(Pr-i) 2代表二异丙基乙氨，DMF代表N,N-二甲基甲酰胺，HBTU代表O-苯并三氮唑-四甲基脲六氟磷酸盐(偶联剂)。
进一步的，式(I)所示的谷氨酰胺衍生物中的Y为OH时，所述的谷氨酰胺衍生物与第一主族或第二主族金属碱反应，或在碱性条件下与金属卤化物反应可得到谷氨酰胺衍生物的金属离子盐。
可选的，所述的金属碱选自氢氧化钠、氢氧化钾、氢氧化钙、氢氧化镁等。
可选的，所述的金属卤化物为金属氯化物、金属溴化物或金属碘化物。
具体的，所述的金属氯化物为氯化锌、氯化钙、氯化镁、氯化铁、氯化铜、氯化锰、氯化钴或氯化镍，所述的金属溴化物为溴化锌、溴化钙、溴化镁、溴化铁、溴化铜、溴化锰、溴化钴或溴化镍，所述的金属碘化物为碘化锌、碘化钙、碘化镁、碘化铁、碘化铜、碘化锰、碘化钴或碘化镍。
在一些实施方案中，式(I)所示的谷氨酰胺衍生物中的Y为OC 1-C 20烷基时，谷氨酸与叔丁醇在酯化条件下脱水缩合后生成谷氨酸二叔丁酯(t-Bu-Glu)，所述的谷氨酰胺衍生物的制备方法如式(Ⅲ)所示：
Figure PCTCN2018121709-appb-000019
要明确的是，式(Ⅱ)中的Y、X和R 1仅表示取代基团，若原料R 1-OH所代表的物质不是单一物质则R 1应当理解为取代基的集合；t-Bu代表叔丁基作为羧基的保护基，DCM代表二氯甲烷，F 3CCOOH代表三氟乙酸；另外，rt.代表常温，EtN(Pr-i) 2代表二异丙基乙氨，DMF代表N,N-二甲基甲酰胺，HBTU代表O-苯并三氮唑-四甲基脲六氟磷酸盐(偶联剂)。
在一些实施方案中，所述的谷氨酰胺衍生物是一种手性化合物，由具有手性结构的谷氨酸二丁酯(如式(IV)所示)或其消旋体制备而来，本发明所述的谷氨酰胺衍生物选自左旋体L-(-)-谷氨酰胺衍生物(结构如式(V))、右旋体D-(+)-谷氨酰胺衍生物(结构如式(VI))或外消旋体DL-(±)-谷氨酰胺衍生物等立体异构体。
Figure PCTCN2018121709-appb-000020
要明确的是，式(V)和式(VI)中的R 1在此仅表示为相同和/或不同的取代基团。
在一些实施方案中，所述的谷氨酰胺衍生物的手性立体异构体在合适的条件下可发生立体构型的转 化，如谷氨酰胺衍生物的立体构象互变形成互变异构体，互变过程如式(VII)所示：
Figure PCTCN2018121709-appb-000021
当涉及的反应物质反应生成的相应的谷氨酰胺衍生物具有刚性结构时，反应底物在反应过程中可生成不同的几何异构体产物。
上述的立体异构体、几何异构体、互变异构体也包括在本发明的实施范围内。
本发明涉及的“立体异构体”是指具有相同化学构造，但原子或基团在空间上的排列方式不同的化合物，包括对映异构体、非对映异构体、构象异构体、几何异构体、阻转异构体等。“对映异构体”是指一个化合物的两个不能重叠但互成镜像关系的异构体。“非对映异构体”是指有两个或多个手性中性并且其分子不互为镜像的立体异构体，具有不同的熔点、沸点、光谱性质和反应性等物理性质。非对应异构体混合物可通过高分辨分析操作如电泳或色谱来分离；“互变异构体”是指具有不同能量的可通过低能垒互相转化的结构异构体。
在一些实施方案中，本发明提供谷氨酰胺衍生物的制备过程还涉及反应产物的分离、纯化或重结晶过程。反应产物可通过脱溶剂法从反应体系中获得粗品。为了获得化学纯度更高、杂质含量更低的固体物质，粗品经醇溶剂、醇水混合溶剂或其他可用于产品重结晶的有机溶剂中在合适的温度、光照以及机械振动等条件下溶解、析晶或沉淀或重结晶和分离得到具有一定晶型状态的谷氨酰胺衍生物。所述具有一定晶型状态的谷氨酰胺衍生物是谷氨酰胺衍生物结晶或谷氨酰胺衍生物的溶剂合物。所述的谷氨酰胺衍生物的溶剂合物可选自谷氨酰胺衍生物的水合物或谷氨酰胺衍生物的乙醇合物。
本发明涉及的“溶剂合物”是指本发明的化合物与溶剂分子接触的过程中，外部条件与内部条件因素造成通过非共价分子间力而结合化学当量或非化学当量的溶剂分子而形成的共晶缔合物。形成溶剂合物的溶剂包括但是不限于水、丙酮、乙醇、甲醇、二甲亚砜、乙酸乙酯、乙酸、异丙醇等溶剂。“水合物”是指溶剂分子是水所形成的缔合物或结晶体，也就是通过非共价分子间力而结合化学当量或非化学当量的水的化合物。
本发明提供的谷氨酰胺衍生物的制备为了获得化学纯度更高、杂质含量更低的固体物质还可通过盐析法后进行处理。所述的盐析法是利用酸碱中和法、酸碱配位法或酸碱螯合法的原理使谷氨酰胺的酰基衍生物与相应的有机碱、无机碱、有机酸或无机酸成盐沉淀的过程，获得饲料可接受的盐；所述的无机酸包括但不限于盐酸盐、氢溴酸盐、磷酸盐、硫酸盐、硝酸盐或它们的组合所述的有机碱包括但不限于 氨或三乙胺。所述的无机碱包括但不限于氢氧化钠、氢氧化钾、氢氧化镁、或氢氧化钙。
饲料可接受的盐为本发明的谷氨酰胺衍生物与对动物无毒的有机碱、无机碱、有机酸或无机酸形成的盐。所述的“饲料可接受的”是指物质或组合物必须是适合化学或毒理学的，与组成的饲料或食用的养殖动物有关。
在一些实施方案中，本发明的谷氨酰胺衍生物是酯类谷氨酰胺衍生物，后处理的盐析沉淀过程中，与无机酸或有机酸形成酸碱配位盐和或酸碱螯合盐，所述的有机酸包括但不限于乙酸盐、马来酸盐、琥珀酸盐、扁桃酸盐、延胡索酸盐、丙二酸盐、苹果酸盐、2-羟基丙酸盐、丙酮酸盐、草酸盐、乙醇酸盐、水杨酸盐、葡萄糖醛酸盐、半乳糖醇酸盐、柠檬酸盐、酒石酸盐、天冬氨酸盐、谷氨酸盐、苯甲酸盐、对甲基苯甲酸盐、肉桂酸盐、对甲苯磺酸盐、苯磺酸盐、甲磺酸盐、乙磺酸盐、三氟甲磺酸盐或它们的组合。
本发明涉及谷氨酰胺衍生物的应用。
本发明提供的谷氨酰胺衍生物及其消旋体、立体异构体、几何异构体、互变异构体、溶剂合物或饲料可接受的盐应用在制备动物饲料添加剂中。
本发明涉及的“动物”是指不能将无机物合成有机物，只能以有机物作为食料，以进行摄食、消化、吸收、呼吸、循环、排泄、感觉、运动和繁殖等为生命活动的人或养殖动物。“养殖动物”包括家禽、家畜、水产养殖动物以及人工饲养合法捕获的其他动物包括宠物，例如猫狗。术语“家畜”是，例如猪、牛、马、山羊、绵羊、鹿和许多有用啮齿动物的任一种。术语“家禽”是包括，例如鸡、鸭、鹅、鹌鹑、鸽等。术语“水产养殖动物”包括，如鱼、虾、龟、鳖等。
应用本发明提供的谷氨酰胺衍生物及其消旋体、立体异构体、几何异构体、互变异构体、溶剂合物或饲料可接受的盐制备的是作为各个生长阶段的动物的改善动物生产性能的非营养性添加剂，所述动物可选自各个生长阶段的家畜、家禽、水产养殖动物或宠物。
进一步的，所述的家畜包括但不限于猪、牛、羊、马、兔、貂或驴，所述的家禽包括但不限于鸡、火鸡、鸭、鹅、鹌鹑或鸽，所述的水产养殖动物包括但不限于鱼、虾、龟、蟹、鳖、牛蛙、鳝或泥鳅，所述的宠物包括但不限于各个亚种的狗或猫。
在一实施例中，应用本发明提供的谷氨酰胺衍生物及其消旋体、立体异构体、几何异构体、互变异构体、溶剂合物或饲料可接受的盐制备的是改善肉猪生产性能的饲料添加剂，对肉猪的平均日增重或饲料转化率均具有改善效果。
在另一实施例中，应用本发明提供的谷氨酰胺衍生物及其消旋体、立体异构体、几何异构体、互变异构体、溶剂合物或饲料可接受的盐制备的饲料添加剂可显著改善肉鸡或蛋鸡的生产性能。
在另一实施例中，应用本发明提供的谷氨酰胺衍生物及其消旋体、立体异构体、几何异构体、互变异构体、溶剂合物或饲料可接受的盐制备的是改善鱼的生产性能的饲料添加剂。
应用在制备动物饲料添加剂中的本发明提供的谷氨酰胺衍生物的饲料可接受的盐是一种金属离子盐。
可选的，所述的谷氨酰胺衍生物的饲料可接受的盐是结构如式(Ⅰ)所示的谷氨酰胺衍生物的金属离子盐。
进一步的，所述的结构如式(I)所示的谷氨酰胺衍生物中的Y为OH，所述的金属离子盐是所述谷氨酰胺衍生物当Y为OH时所述的OH与金属离子交换所得的符合饲料添加剂制备或饲料制备要求的盐。
具体的，所述的金属离子选自一价金属离子、二价金属离子或三价金属离子。
在一些实施例中，所述的一价金属离子为钠离子(Na(I))、钾离子(K(I))或锂离子(Li(I))。
在一些实施例中，所述的二价金属离子为钙离子Ca(II)、镁离子Mg(II)、铜离子Cu(II)、锌离子Zn(II)、亚铁离子Fe(II)、锰离子Mn(II)、钴离子Co(II)或镍离子Ni(II)。
在一实施例中，应用在制备动物饲料添加剂中的谷氨酰胺衍生物的金属离子盐是锌离子盐，所述的动物饲料添加剂是动物用有机锌剂作为高剂量无机锌替换物。
在一实施例中，应用在制备动物饲料添加剂中的谷氨酰胺衍生物的金属离子盐是铜离子盐，所述的动物饲料添加剂是动物用有机铜作为动物用高剂量无机铜替换物。
在一实施例中，应用在制备动物饲料添加剂中的谷氨酰胺衍生物的金属离子盐是铁离子盐，所述的动物饲料添加剂是动物用铁元素补充剂。
在一些实施例中，所述的三价金属离子为铝离子Al(III)、铬离子Cr(III)或铁离子Fe(III)。
本发明涉及的饲用组合物。
一种包含谷氨酰胺衍生物及其消旋体、立体异构体、几何异构体、互变异构体、溶剂合物或饲料可接受的盐的至少一种和可饲用辅料的饲用组合物，所述的可饲用辅料为可饲用的载体、稀释剂、辅剂、溶媒或它们的组合。
本发明涉及的饲料是指经工业化加工、制作的供动物食用的产品。
本发明涉及的“组合物”是指包含一种或一种以上的化合物组成有效成分的化合物集体。
本发明所述的“包含”为开放式表达，既包括本发明所明指的内容，但并不排除其他方面的内容。
本发明涉及的“载体”是指能够承载活性成分，改善其分散性，并有良好的化学稳定性和吸附性的可饲用物质，为有机载体和无机载体。所述的有机载体是含粗纤维多的物料，包括但不限于玉米粉、玉米芯粉、麦麸、稻壳粉、脱脂米糠、统糠、玉米秸秆粉、花生壳粉等。所述的无机载体是矿物质，主要分 为钙盐类和硅的氧化物类，用于微量元素预混料的制作，包括但不限于碳酸钙、硅酸盐、蛭石、沸石、海泡石等。
本发明涉及的“稀释剂”是指将添加剂原料均匀分布于物料中，将高浓度的添加剂原料稀释为低浓度的预混剂或预混料的物质，可将微量成分彼此分开，减少活性成分之间的相互反应，以增加活性成分的稳定性但不影响有关物质的物化性质，为有机稀释剂和无机稀释剂。有机稀释剂包括但不限于玉米粉、去胚玉米粉、右旋糖(葡萄糖)、蔗糖、带有麸皮的粗小麦粉、炒大豆粉、次粉、玉米蛋白粉等；无机稀释剂包括但不限于石灰石、磷酸二氢钙、贝壳粉、高岭土(白陶土)、食盐和硫酸钠。
所述的辅剂为使物质本身固有的黏性诱发出来的润湿剂、使物质黏合起来的粘合剂、使物质整体的片状物裂碎为许多细小颗粒的崩解剂、降低颗粒间摩擦力的助留剂或防止物料黏着的抗黏剂，包括但不限于硬脂酸镁、滑石粉、植物油、月桂醇硫酸镁、淀粉、淀粉浆、水、无机盐、糊精、糖粉等。
本发明涉及的“溶媒”是指溶解或分散固体所需的溶剂，包括但不限于水、乙醇、甘油等。
在一些实施方案中，所述的饲用组合物进一步包含附加的动物饲料添加剂和/或动物饲料原料。
所述的动物饲料添加剂为营养性饲料添加剂、一般饲料添加剂或药物饲料添加剂。
所述的营养性饲料添加剂是指添加到配合饲料中，平衡饲料养分，提高饲料利用率，直接对动物发挥营养作用的少量或微量物质，为氨基酸、氨基酸盐及其类似物、维生素及类维生素、矿物元素及其络(螯)合物、微生物酶制剂或非蛋白氮。
所述的一般饲料添加剂也叫非营养性添加剂，是指加入到饲料中用于改善饲料利用率、保证饲料质量和品质、有利于动物健康或代谢的一些非营养性物质，包括生长促进剂、驱虫保健剂、调味和诱食剂、饲料调质剂、饲料调制剂、饲料贮藏剂和中草药添加剂。
进一步具体地，所述的非营养性添加剂为生长促进剂，包括但不限于丁酸、丁酸钙、丁酸钠、单宁酸、对百里香酚、对百里香酚酯、对百里香酚盐、2-羟基苯甲酸、β-酸、β-酸酯、β-酸盐、六氢β-酸、六氢β-酸酯、六氢β-酸盐、苯甲酸或苯甲酸钙、氧化锌、硫酸锌、氯化锌。
在一实施例中，所述的非营养性添加剂为丁酸钙。
在另一实施例中，所述的非营养性添加剂为单宁酸。
具体地，所述的药物饲料添加剂包括但不限于具有预防动物疾病、促进动物生长作用并可在饲料中长期添加使用而掺入载体或稀释剂的兽药预混合物质。
更进一步具体地，所述的药物饲料添加剂为饲用抗生素，所述的饲用抗生素包括但不限于多粘菌素、盐霉素、阿维拉霉素、杆菌肽、维吉尼亚霉素、那西肽、黄霉素、恩拉霉素、北里霉素、喹乙醇、土霉素或金霉素。
在一些实施例中，包含谷氨酰胺衍生物及其消旋体、立体异构体、几何异构体、互变异构体、溶剂合物或饲料可接受的盐的组合物，还包含营养性饲料添加剂、一般饲料添加剂和药物饲料添加剂中的一种或多种。
在一些实施例中，所述的动物饲料原料为谷物及其加工产品，油料籽实及其加工产品，豆科作物籽实及其加工产品，块茎、块根及其加工产品，其它籽实、果实类产品及其加工产品，饲草、粗饲料及其加工产品，其它植物、藻类及其加工产品，乳制品及其副产品，陆生动物产品及其副产品，鱼、其它水生生物及其副产品，矿物质，微生物发酵产品及副产品，其它饲料原料等饲用物质。
饲用组合物的用途。
本发明涉及上述包含谷氨酰胺衍生物及其消旋体、立体异构体、几何异构体、互变异构体、溶剂合物或饲料可接受的盐的饲用组合物的应用。
在一些实施例中，所述包含谷氨酰胺衍生物及其消旋体、立体异构体、几何异构体、互变异构体、溶剂合物或饲料可接受的盐的饲用组合物应用于制备动物饲料添加剂中。
应用所述的包含谷氨酰胺衍生物及其消旋体、立体异构体、几何异构体、互变异构体、溶剂合物或饲料可接受的盐的饲用组合物制备的动物饲料添加剂为家畜饲料添加剂、家禽饲料添加剂、水产养殖动物饲料添加剂或宠物饲料添加剂。
具体地，应用所述的包含谷氨酰胺衍生物及其消旋体、立体异构体、几何异构体、互变异构体、溶剂合物或饲料可接受的盐的饲用组合物制备家畜饲料添加剂，所述的家畜包括但不限于各个生长阶段的猪、牛、羊、马、兔、貂等。
具体地，应用所述的包含谷氨酰胺衍生物及其消旋体、立体异构体、几何异构体、互变异构体、溶剂合物或饲料可接受的盐的饲用组合物制备家禽饲料添加剂，所述的家禽包括但不限于各个生长阶段的鸡、鸭、鹅、鸽等。
具体地，应用所述的包含谷氨酰胺衍生物及其消旋体、立体异构体、几何异构体、互变异构体、溶剂合物或饲料可接受的盐的饲用组合物制备水产养殖动物饲料添加剂，所述的水产养殖动物包括但不限于各个生长阶段鱼、虾、蟹、鳖、鳝等。
具体地，应用所述的包含谷氨酰胺衍生物及其消旋体、立体异构体、几何异构体、互变异构体、溶剂合物或饲料可接受的盐的饲用组合物制备宠物饲料添加剂，所述的宠物包括但不限于人工饲养的狗或猫。
在一些实施例中，以所述的包含谷氨酰胺衍生物及其消旋体、立体异构体、几何异构体、互变异构体、溶剂合物或饲料可接受的盐的组合物制备的动物饲料添加剂为预混剂、复合预混剂、水剂或颗粒剂。
在一些实施例中，所述的包含谷氨酰胺衍生物及其消旋体、立体异构体、几何异构体、互变异构体、溶剂合物或饲料可接受的盐的饲用组合物应用于制备动物饲料中。
应用所述的包含谷氨酰胺衍生物及其消旋体、立体异构体、几何异构体、互变异构体、溶剂合物或饲料可接受的盐的饲用组合物制备的动物饲料为家畜饲料、家禽饲料、水产养殖动物饲料或宠物饲料。
具体地，应用所述的包含谷氨酰胺衍生物及其消旋体、立体异构体、几何异构体、互变异构体、溶剂合物或饲料可接受的盐的饲用组合物制备家畜饲料，所述的家畜包括但不限于各个生长阶段的猪、牛、羊、马、兔、貂等。
具体地，应用所述的包含谷氨酰胺衍生物及其消旋体、立体异构体、几何异构体、互变异构体、溶剂合物或饲料可接受的盐的饲用组合物制备家禽饲料，所述的家禽包括但不限于各个生长阶段的鸡、鸭、鹅、鸽等。
具体地，应用所述的包含谷氨酰胺衍生物及其消旋体、立体异构体、几何异构体、互变异构体、溶剂合物或饲料可接受的盐的饲用组合物制备水产养殖动物饲料，所述的水产养殖动物包括但不限于各个生长阶段鱼、虾、蟹、鳖、鳝等。
具体地，应用所述的包含谷氨酰胺衍生物及其消旋体、立体异构体、几何异构体、互变异构体、溶剂合物或饲料可接受的盐的饲用组合物制备宠物饲料，所述的宠物包括但不限于人工饲养的狗或猫。
在一些实施方案中，包含谷氨酰胺衍生物及其消旋体、立体异构体、几何异构体、互变异构体、溶剂合物或饲料可接受的盐的饲用组合物制备的饲料为单一饲料、浓缩饲料、配合饲料、复合预混料或精料补充料。
具体地，所述的配合饲料为全价配合饲料。
改善养殖动物生产性能的方法。
在一些饲喂实施例中，养殖户将包含谷氨酰胺衍生物及其消旋体、立体异构体、几何异构体、互变异构体、溶剂合物或饲料可接受的盐的饲料添加剂与饲料伴服给与动物食用，可显著地改善动物的生产性能。
在一些实施例中，所述的饲料添加剂为预混剂、复合预混剂、颗粒剂或水剂，与动物饲料混匀后动物食用。
所述的动物为家畜、家禽、水产养殖动物或宠物。
具体地，所述的家畜包括但不限于各个生长阶段的猪、牛、羊、马、兔、貂等；所述的家禽包括但不限于各个生长阶段的鸡、鸭、鹅、鸽等；所述的水产养殖动物包括但不限于各个生长阶段鱼、虾、蟹、鳖、鳝等；所述的宠物包括但不限于人工饲养的狗或猫。
在一实施例中，养殖户将包含谷氨酰胺衍生物及其消旋体、立体异构体、几何异构体、互变异构体、溶剂合物或饲料可接受的盐的饲料添加剂与饲料伴服给与断奶猪食用，显著提高断奶猪的平均日增重的增重率和饲料转化率。
在一实施例中，养殖户将包含谷氨酰胺衍生物及其消旋体、立体异构体、几何异构体、互变异构体、溶剂合物或饲料可接受的盐的饲料添加剂与饲料伴服给与肉鸡食用，显著降低了肉鸡的料肉比提高饲料转化率。
在一实施例中，养殖户将包含谷氨酰胺衍生物及其消旋体、立体异构体、几何异构体、互变异构体、溶剂合物或饲料可接受的盐的饲料添加剂与饲料伴服给与鱼食用。
在一实施例中，养殖户将包含谷氨酰胺衍生物及其消旋体、立体异构体、几何异构体、互变异构体、溶剂合物或饲料可接受的盐的饲料添加剂与饲料伴服给与幼狗食用。
在另一些饲喂实施例中，养殖户将包含谷氨酰胺衍生物及其消旋体、立体异构体、几何异构体、互变异构体、溶剂合物或饲料可接受的盐的的饲用组合物给与动物食用，可显著地改善动物的生产性能。
可选地，所述的饲用组合物是饲料添加剂预混剂、饲料添加剂复合预混剂、颗粒剂或水剂，与饲料伴服给与动物食用。
在一实施例中，所述的饲用组合物是饲料添加剂预混剂。
在一实施例中，所述的饲用组合物是饲料添加剂复合预混剂。
可选地，所述的饲用组合物是浓缩饲料、配合饲料、复合预混料或精料补充料，直接作为动物饲粮给与动物食用。
在一实施例中，所述的饲用组合物是全价配合饲料。
具体实施方式
下面将结合实施例对本发明的实施方案进行详细描述，但是本领域技术人员将会理解，下列实施例仅用于说明本发明，而不应视为限制本发明的范围。实施例中未注明具体条件者，按照常规条件或制造商建议的条件进行。所用试剂或仪器未注明生产厂商者，均为可以通过市售购买获得的常规产品。
养殖试验：
养殖试验涉及的谷氨酰胺衍生物如表1所示。
表1谷氨酰胺衍生物
Figure PCTCN2018121709-appb-000022
Figure PCTCN2018121709-appb-000023
实施例1谷氨酰胺衍生物对肉猪生产性能的影响
体重相近的65日龄“杜长大”三元杂交瘦肉型小猪480头，随机分成16个处理组，每组3个重复，每个重复10头，公母各半。试验前对猪圈及器具进行消毒。试验期在同一猪圈同一饲养管理条件下分栏圈养。试验期间，试验猪自由采食和饮水，日喂料2次。各试验组分别为对照组和试验2～16组。其中，对照组仅给与基础日粮，试验2～16组分别给与在基础日粮的基础上添加800ppm不同谷氨酰胺衍生物的日粮， 如表2所示。整个饲养过程各试验组不额外添加其它抗氧化成分及促生长剂。试验周期28天，以每个重复为单位，于93日龄不停水停料12h后称重，计算各试验组的平均日采食量(ADFI，g/d*只)、平均日增重(ADG，g/d*只)和料肉比(FCR)。计算公式如下：
平均日采食量＝(配料总量-剩料量)/(试验天数×每重复猪数)；
平均日增重＝(试验末平均体重-试验初平均体重)/试验天数；
料肉比＝平均日采食量/平均日增重。
试验结果如表2所示，本实验所用供试品对试验猪的生产性能的影响从采食量、增重和饲料转化率三方面进行考核。
表2谷氨酰胺衍生物对小猪的生产性能影响结果
试验组 供试品 ADFI(g/d*只) ADG(g/d*只) FCR
1组 - 1586 588 2.695
2组 化合物1 1657 661 2.506
3组 化合物2 1648 651 2.531
4组 化合物3 1691 670 2.524
5组 化合物4 1602 641 2.500
6组 化合物5 1633 651 2.510
7组 化合物6 1615 646 2.499
8组 化合物7 1674 672 2.491
9组 化合物8 1670 671 2.488
10组 化合物9 1636 652 2.511
11组 化合物10 1607 657 2.508
12组 化合物11 1592 634 2.512
13组 化合物12 1599 633 2.528
14组 化合物13 1609 627 2.566
15组 化合物14 1582 621 2.548
16组 化合物15 1670 650 2.571
从结果可知，供试品对试验猪的采食量影响不显著，尽管部分试验组的采食量与对照组相比出现了 提升。但是，各试验组的平均日增重不论采食量是否比对照组少，均出现了不同程度的增加；在肉料比方面各试验组与对照组相比下降了约4.6％～7.6％，其中，试验组8-10组最为显著。
实施例2谷氨酰胺衍生物对肉鸡生产性能的影响
试验采用单因子随机设计，选择1日龄、体重相近的平均体重为50g的三黄羽肉鸡720只，随机分为16个处理组，每组3个重复，公母各半，每个重复15只三黄羽肉鸡。试验前对鸡舍及器具进行消毒。试验期在同一鸡舍同一饲养管理条件下进行笼养。基础日粮以玉米-豆粕为主，整个饲养过程不额外添加其它抗氧化成分及促生长剂。各试验组分别为对照组、试验2～16组。其中试验1为对照组仅给与基础日粮，试验2～16组在基础日粮中分别添加750ppm的不同的谷氨酰胺衍生物，分组见表3。试验期共20天，试验鸡自由饮水和采食，日喂料2次。以每个重复为单位，于21日龄称重(停料12h、不停水)，统计试验鸡耗料量，计算各组试验鸡的平均日采食量(ADFI，g/d*只)、平均日增重(ADG，g/d*只)和料肉比(FCR)，计算公式如下：
料肉比(FCR)＝平均日采食量/平均日增重。
表3谷氨酰胺衍生物在肉鸡料中的应用效果研究
  供试品 ADFI(g/d*只) ADG(g/d*只) FCR
1组 - 31.1 12.6 2.47
2组 化合物1 32.8 14.8 2.22
3组 化合物2 31.5 14.1 2.23
4组 化合物3 31.9 14.4 2.21
5组 化合物4 32.1 14.3 2.25
6组 化合物5 30.9 13.7 2.26
7组 化合物6 31.2 14.2 2.20
8组 化合物7 31.7 14.5 2.18
9组 化合物8 30.6 14.2 2.16
10组 化合物9 32.5 14.8 2.20
11组 化合物10 32.2 14.5 2.22
12组 化合物11 30.8 13.8 2.24
13组 化合物12 31.6 14.0 2.26
14组 化合物13 31.3 13.7 2.28
15组 化合物14 31.8 14.0 2.27
16组 化合物15 32.4 14.6 2.22
试验结果如表3所示，从结果可知，供试品对试验鸡的采食量影响不显著；对平均日增重的影响与对照组相比，各试验组的平均日增重出现了显著的提升效果，提升了8.7％～17.4％；供试品对各试验组的料肉比具有显著的改善效果，整体上下降了约7.6％～10.9％，其中试验组8-10添加了N-苯甲酰茶氨酸的锌盐、铜盐和钙盐后料肉比与对照组相比下降了10.9％-12.5％。
实施例4谷氨酰胺衍生物在鱼料中的应用
所用试验鱼为草鱼，由广州英赛特试验场水产场进行。健康活泼、规格一致的草鱼种在大网箱中饲养4周后才用于正式养殖试验，实验体系为浮性小网箱。小网箱与暂养网箱均置于试验场一个3500m 2的池塘中，池塘水深约1.5m，池塘水为充分曝气底下水。试验时，将饥饿1d的草鱼520尾随机分成13组，每组设4个重复，每个重复放10尾鱼，整体称重后随机放入40个网箱中，分别饲喂不同的试验饲料。试验用饲料自行配制，不同试验组按在基础料中分别加入500ppm不同的谷氨酰胺衍生物，分组见表4。试验采用人工限食投喂，投食量每周调整一次，两组投喂水平(按初始体重)完全一致，每天投喂两次(7:30及15:00)，共580g。试验为期8周。
参数计算：
增重率(％)＝(平均末重-平均初重)/平均初重*100
饲料系数＝580/(平均末重-平均初重)
不同的谷氨酰胺衍生物对鱼的生长性能影响试验结果见表4，从增重率和饲料系数两方面来评估谷氨酰胺衍生物对草鱼生产性能的影响效果。
表4谷氨酰胺衍生物在草鱼料中的应用试验分组及结果
  供试品 平均初重(g) 平均末重(g) 增重率(％) 饲料系数
1组 - 386 649 68.19 1.93
2组 化合物1 393 678 72.41 1.79
3组 化合物2 405 690 70.47 1.78
4组 化合物3 382 666 74.29 1.79
5组 化合物4 388 675 73.97 1.77
6组 化合物5 396 678 71.27 1.80
7组 化合物6 394 681 72.84 1.77
8组 化合物10 388 669 72.34 1.81
9组 化合物11 399 681 70.73 1.80
10组 化合物12 408 692 69.56 1.79
11组 化合物13 403 687 70.42 1.83
12组 化合物14 397 678 70.70 1.81
13组 化合物15 399 681 70.73 1.80
结果显示添加了谷氨酰胺衍生物的试验组与对照组相比，增重率出现了2.01％-8.9％的提升率，在饲料系数方面下降了5.18％-8.29％，饲料转化率出现了显著的提升。
尽管已用具体实施例来说明和描述了本发明，然而应意识到，在不背离本发明的精神和范围的情况下可以作出许多其它的更改和修改。因此，这意味着在所附权利要求中包括属于本发明范围内的所有这些变化和修改。

Claims (16)

  1. 一种结构如以下式(I)所示的谷氨酰胺衍生物或其消旋体、立体异构体、几何异构体、互变异构体、溶剂合物、饲料可接受的盐在动物饲料添加剂中的应用：
    Figure PCTCN2018121709-appb-100001
    其中，Y为OC 1-C 20烷基或OH；X为C 4-C 10含氮环烷基、NHC 1-C 20烷基或N(C 1-C 20烷基) 2；R 1为R 1aC(＝O)，R 1bC(＝O)，R 1aS(＝O) 2，R 1bS(＝O) 2或H；R 2为R 2aC(＝O)，R 2bC(＝O)，R 2aS(＝O) 2或R 2bS(＝O) 2；
    R 1b和R 2b分别独立为C 1-C 20烷基，C 3-C 7环烷基，或为任选地被1、2、3、4或5个R 3所取代的C 1-C 20烷基、C 3-C 7环烷基；
    R 3为-OH，-NH 2，-CN，-SH或-X 1，其中X 1选自F、Cl、Br或I；
    R 1a和R 2a分别独立为C 5-C 12芳基，C 5-C 12杂芳基，-(C 1-C 4亚烷基)-C 5-C 12芳基，-(C 1-C 4亚烷基)-C 5-C 12杂芳基，或为任选地被1、2、3、4或5个R 4所取代的C 5-C 12芳基、C 5-C 12杂芳基、-(C 1-C 4亚烷基)-C 5-C 12芳基、-(C 1-C 4亚烷基)-C 5-C 12杂芳基；
    R 4为-OH，-NH 2，-NO 2，-CN，-SH，-X 2，-C 1-C 5烷氧基，-C 1-C 5烷基，或为X 2取代的-C 1-C 5烷基，其中X 2选自F、Cl、Br或I。
  2. 根据权利要求1所述的应用，其特征在于，所述的R 1为R 1aC(＝O)或H；R 2为R 2aC(＝O)；R 1a和R 2a分别独立为C 5-C 12芳基，C 5-C 12杂芳基，-(C 1-C 4亚烷基)-C 5-C 12芳基，-(C 1-C 4亚烷基)-C 5-C 12杂芳基，或为任选地被1、2、3、4或5个R 4所取代的C 5-C 12芳基、C 5-C 12杂芳基、-(C 1-C 4亚烷基)-C 5-C 12芳基、-(C 1-C 4亚烷基)-C 5-C 12杂芳基；R 4为-OH，-NH 2，-NO 2，-CN，-SH，-X 2，-C 1-C 5烷氧基，-C 1-C 5烷基，或为X 2取代的-C 1-C 5烷基，其中X 2选自F、Cl、Br或I。
  3. 根据权利要求1所述的应用，其特征在于，所述的R 1为H；R 2为R 2aC(＝O)；所述的R 2a为C 5-C 12芳基、-(C 1-C 4亚烷基)-C 5-C 12芳基，或为任选地被1、2、3、4或5个R 4所取代的C 5-C 12芳基、-(C 1-C 4亚烷基)-C 5-C 12芳基；R 4为-OH，-NH 2，-NO 2，-CN，-SH，-X 2，-C 1-C 5烷氧基，-C 1-C 5烷基，或为X 2取代的-C 1-C 5烷基，其中X 2选自F、Cl、Br或I。
  4. 根据权利要求1所述的应用，其特征在于，所述的R 2a为C 6芳基、-(C 1-C 4亚烷基)-C 6芳基，或 为任选地被1、2、3、4或5个R 4所取代的C 6芳基、-(C 1-C 4亚烷基)-C 6芳基；R 4为-OH，-NH 2，-NO 2，-CN，-SH，-X 2，-C 1-C 5烷氧基，-C 1-C 5烷基，或为X 2取代的-C 1-C 5烷基，其中X 2选自F、Cl、Br或I。
  5. 根据权利要求1所述的应用，其特征在于，所述的R 2a为苯基、-(C 1-C 4亚烷基)-苯基，或为任选地被1、2、3、4或5个R 4所取代的苯基、-(C 1-C 4亚烷基)-苯基；R 4为-OH，-NH 2，-NO 2，-CN，-SH，-X 2，-C 1-C 5烷氧基，-C 1-C 5烷基，或为X 2取代的-C 1-C 5烷基，其中X 2选自F、Cl、Br或I。
  6. 根据权利要求1所述的应用，其特征在于，所述的R 1为R 1bC(＝O)或H；R 2为R 2bC(＝O)；R 1b和R 2b分别独立为C 1-C 20烷基，C 3-C 6环烷基，或为任选地被1、2、3、4或5个R 3所取代的C 1-C 20烷基、C 3-C 7环烷基；R 3为-OH，-NH 2，-CN，-SH或-X 1，其中X 1选自F、Cl、Br或I。
  7. 根据权利要求1所述的应用，其特征在于，所述的R 1为H；R 2为R 2bC(＝O)；所述的R 2b为C 1-C 20烷基或为任选地被1、2、3、4或5个R 3所取代的C 1-C 20烷基；R 3为-OH，-NH 2，-CN，-SH或-X 1，其中X 1选自F、Cl、Br或I。
  8. 根据权利要求1所述的应用，其特征在于，所述Y为OC 1-C 10烷基。
  9. 根据权利要求1所述的应用，其特征在于，所述的X为C 4-C 10含氮环烷基。
  10. 根据权利要求1所述的应用，其特征在于，所述的X为NHC 1-C 20烷基。
  11. 根据权利要求10所述的应用，其特征在于，所述的X为NHC 1-C 10烷基。
  12. 一种饲用组合物，其特征在于，所述饲用组合物包含权利要求1-11任一项中所述的结构如式(I)所示的谷氨酰胺衍生物或其消旋体、立体异构体、几何异构体、互变异构体、溶剂合物、饲料可接受的盐中的至少一种和可饲用辅料。
  13. 根据权利要求12所述的饲用组合物，其特征在于，所述的饲用组合物还包含附加动物饲料添加剂，所述附加动物饲料添加剂选自营养性饲料添加剂，非营养性饲料添加剂或药物饲料添加剂中的至少一种。
  14. 根据权利要求12或13所述的饲用组合物，其特征在于，所述饲用组合物还包含动物饲料原料。
  15. 权利要求12-13任一项所述的饲用组合物在制备动物饲料添加剂中的应用。
  16. 权利要求12-14任一项所述的饲用组合物在制备动物饲料中的应用。
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