WO2020121034A1 - Steels for laser cutting - Google Patents

Steels for laser cutting Download PDF

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Publication number
WO2020121034A1
WO2020121034A1 PCT/IB2018/059988 IB2018059988W WO2020121034A1 WO 2020121034 A1 WO2020121034 A1 WO 2020121034A1 IB 2018059988 W IB2018059988 W IB 2018059988W WO 2020121034 A1 WO2020121034 A1 WO 2020121034A1
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WIPO (PCT)
Prior art keywords
steel
laser
max
plate
steels
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Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Ceased
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PCT/IB2018/059988
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French (fr)
Inventor
Murali MANOHAR
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ArcelorMittal SA
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ArcelorMittal SA
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Filing date
Publication date
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Priority to PCT/IB2018/059988 priority Critical patent/WO2020121034A1/en
Priority to CN201980082728.4A priority patent/CN113195765A/en
Priority to BR112021011152-2A priority patent/BR112021011152A2/en
Priority to MX2021006979A priority patent/MX2021006979A/en
Priority to CN202511857628.8A priority patent/CN121289806A/en
Priority to PCT/IB2019/060016 priority patent/WO2020121088A1/en
Priority to US17/299,553 priority patent/US12240057B2/en
Priority to AU2019398742A priority patent/AU2019398742B2/en
Priority to CA3122723A priority patent/CA3122723C/en
Priority to KR1020237036713A priority patent/KR102840140B1/en
Priority to JP2021533543A priority patent/JP2022512477A/en
Priority to MA054438A priority patent/MA54438A/en
Priority to EP19808904.7A priority patent/EP3894609A1/en
Priority to UAA202103980A priority patent/UA126883C2/en
Priority to KR1020217020631A priority patent/KR20210097767A/en
Publication of WO2020121034A1 publication Critical patent/WO2020121034A1/en
Priority to ZA2021/03811A priority patent/ZA202103811B/en
Anticipated expiration legal-status Critical
Priority to JP2023183770A priority patent/JP2024016090A/en
Priority to JP2025202610A priority patent/JP2026032113A/en
Ceased legal-status Critical Current

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Classifications

    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
    • C22C—ALLOYS
    • C22C38/00—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys
    • C22C38/18—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys containing chromium
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B23—MACHINE TOOLS; METAL-WORKING NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • B23K—SOLDERING OR UNSOLDERING; WELDING; CLADDING OR PLATING BY SOLDERING OR WELDING; CUTTING BY APPLYING HEAT LOCALLY, e.g. FLAME CUTTING; WORKING BY LASER BEAM
    • B23K26/00—Working by laser beam, e.g. welding, cutting or boring
    • B23K26/36—Removing material
    • B23K26/38—Removing material by boring or cutting
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B23—MACHINE TOOLS; METAL-WORKING NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • B23K—SOLDERING OR UNSOLDERING; WELDING; CLADDING OR PLATING BY SOLDERING OR WELDING; CUTTING BY APPLYING HEAT LOCALLY, e.g. FLAME CUTTING; WORKING BY LASER BEAM
    • B23K26/00—Working by laser beam, e.g. welding, cutting or boring
    • B23K26/36—Removing material
    • B23K26/40—Removing material taking account of the properties of the material involved
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
    • C22C—ALLOYS
    • C22C38/00—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys
    • C22C38/002—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys containing In, Mg, or other elements not provided for in one single group C22C38/001 - C22C38/60
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
    • C22C—ALLOYS
    • C22C38/00—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys
    • C22C38/02—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys containing silicon
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
    • C22C—ALLOYS
    • C22C38/00—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys
    • C22C38/04—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys containing manganese
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
    • C22C—ALLOYS
    • C22C38/00—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys
    • C22C38/18—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys containing chromium
    • C22C38/40—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys containing chromium with nickel
    • C22C38/42—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys containing chromium with nickel with copper
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B23—MACHINE TOOLS; METAL-WORKING NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • B23K—SOLDERING OR UNSOLDERING; WELDING; CLADDING OR PLATING BY SOLDERING OR WELDING; CUTTING BY APPLYING HEAT LOCALLY, e.g. FLAME CUTTING; WORKING BY LASER BEAM
    • B23K2103/00—Materials to be soldered, welded or cut
    • B23K2103/02—Iron or ferrous alloys
    • B23K2103/04—Steel or steel alloys

Definitions

  • the present invention relates to mild/low alloy steels and more particularly mild/low alloy steels suitable for laser cutting. Specifically, the present intention relates to mild/low alloy steels suitable for laser cutting with improved cut quality.
  • Laser cutting, and laser fine cutting are applied for different kinds of materials where complex contours demand precise, fast and force-free processing.
  • Lasers create narrow kerfs (a slit made by cutting) and thus achieve high-precision cuts. This method results in minimal distortion and in many cases post-processing is not necessary as the component is subject to only little heat input and can mostly be cut dross-free.
  • the instant invention is an improved laser cuttable steel.
  • the inventive steels have a broad compositional range of C: 0.01 - 0.29; Mn: 0.50 -1.35; P: 0.04 max; S: 0.05 max; Si: 0.40 max, (preferred for thicker plates Si: 0.15 - 0.40); Cr: 0.5 - 0.75; and the remainder being iron and impurities.
  • the inventive alloys are free from intentional additions of Cu and Ni. That is, the alloy may contain residual levels of Cu and Ni only, nothing higher.
  • the maximum cumulated amount of Cu and Ni is such that (in wt %): Cu + Ni ⁇ 0.05%. In a preferred embodiment, the maximum cumulated total amount of Cu and Ni is below 0.02%.
  • the alloys of the present invention have a composition in wt. % of: C: 0.10 - 0.25; Mn: 0.8 - 1.2; Si: max 0.15; and Cr: 0.55 - 0.75.
  • the alloys of the present invention have a composition in wt. % of: C: 0.12 - 0.23; Mn: 0.8 - 1.05; Si: 0.02 - 0.14; and Cr: 0.55 - 0.72.
  • A36 A36 mild steel
  • the compositional specifications for A36 mild steel plates is, in wt.%: C: 0.29 max; Mn: 0.80 - 1.20; P: 0.04 max; S: 0.05 max; Si: 0.40 max, (preferred for thicker plates 0.15 - 0.40).
  • the steel must have a minimum Yield Strength of 250 MPa.
  • ASTM A572 type steel Another type of steel that can be cut by lasers is the ASTM A572 type steel.
  • the compositional specifications for A572 is, in wt.%: C: 0.26 max; Mn: 0.50 -1.35; P: 0.04 max; S: 0.05 max; Si: 0.40 max, (preferred for thicker plates 0.15-0.40).
  • the steel must have a minimum Yield Strength of 290 MPa.
  • the instant invention is an improved laser cuttable version of such A36 and A572 steels.
  • the inventive steels have a broad compositional range of C: 0.01 - 0.29; Mn: 0.50 -1.35; P: 0.04 max; S: 0.05 max; Si: 0.40 max, (preferred for thicker plates Si: 0.15 - 0.40); Cr: 0.5 - 0.75; and the remainder being iron and impurities.
  • the inventive alloys are free from intentional additions of Cu and Ni. That is, the alloy may contain residual levels of Cu and Ni only, nothing higher.
  • the maximum cumulated amount of Cu and Ni is such that (in wt %): Cu + Ni ⁇ 0.05%. In a preferred embodiment, the maximum cumulated amount of Cu and Ni is below 0.02%.
  • the alloys of the present invention have a composition in wt. % of: C: 0.10 - 0.25; Mn: 0.8 - 1.2; Si: max 0.15; and Cr: 0.55 - 0.75.
  • the alloys of the present invention have a composition in wt. % of: C: 0.12 - 0.23; Mn: 0.8 - 1.05; Si: 0.02 - 0.14; and Cr: 0.55 - 0.72.
  • Table 2 discloses the composition, in wt.%, of three prior art (commercially available) laser cutting steel comparative samples. As can be seen, the prior art steels have amounts of Cu and Ni added intentionally and significantly lower contents of Cr than the inventive steels.

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • Materials Engineering (AREA)
  • Metallurgy (AREA)
  • Organic Chemistry (AREA)
  • Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • Optics & Photonics (AREA)
  • Plasma & Fusion (AREA)
  • Heat Treatment Of Sheet Steel (AREA)
  • Laser Beam Processing (AREA)

Abstract

A laser cuttable steel alloy sheet/plate having a composition comprising, in wt. %: C: 0.01 - 0.29; Mn: 0.50 -1.35; P: 0.04 max; S: 0.05 max; Si: 0.40 max; Cr: 0.5 - 0.75, and the remainder being iron and impurities, the steel alloy is free from intentional additions of Cu and Ni and containing less than 0.05% of total cumulated amounts of Cu and Ni.

Description

Steels for Laser Cutting
Field of the Invention
The present invention relates to mild/low alloy steels and more particularly mild/low alloy steels suitable for laser cutting. Specifically, the present intention relates to mild/low alloy steels suitable for laser cutting with improved cut quality.
Background of the Invention
Laser cutting, and laser fine cutting are applied for different kinds of materials where complex contours demand precise, fast and force-free processing. Lasers create narrow kerfs (a slit made by cutting) and thus achieve high-precision cuts. This method results in minimal distortion and in many cases post-processing is not necessary as the component is subject to only little heat input and can mostly be cut dross-free.
Almost all kinds of metals can be laser cut: mild steel, stainless steel and aluminum are the most common applications. Other laser cut parts are made from wood, plastics, glass and ceramics. Compared to alternative techniques like die cutting, laser cutting is cost-efficient already for small-batch production. The big benefit of laser cutting is the localized laser energy input providing small focal diameters, small kerf widths, and high feed rate. Basically, the cutting of metals with lasers happens through the local heating of the material above its melting point in the focal point of the focused laser. In the case of carbon and low alloy steels, a jet of oxygen coaxial with the laser beam is used as the assist gas and the exothermic reaction of oxygen with the steel contributes significantly to the cutting action. The resulting molten/oxidized material is ejected by a gas flow oriented coaxially to the laser beam so that a kerf is formed. For low-alloyed (mild) steels in particular, oxygen is typically used as cutting gas.
As stated in“CO2 laser beam cutting of steels: Material issues”. Murali Manohar, Journal of Laser Applications 18, 101 (2006), usually a minimum level of residual elements such as Cu, Ni, and Cr are necessary to obtain clean and consistent laser cut quality in thick (20-25 mm) plates. Also, since a minimum level of residual elements is necessary to ensure good laser cuts in both the as-rolled as well as shot-blasted conditions, the suitability of the steel for laser cutting can be quantified by a simple "laser readiness parameter" (LRP), which was defined as LRP= %Cu+ %Ni+ %Cr. It also states that scale adherence and scale density increase with increasing LRP, with the latter leveling off at an LRP value around 0.45%-0.5%. Manohar found that a Cu-Ni- rich layer is present at the scale-steel interface, and the degree of enrichment increases with increasing Cu and Ni. Manohar seems to indicate that acceptable laser ready steels must have significant amounts of Cu and Ni and that Cr may be less important. That is, Manohar determined that:“Steels bearing Cu and Ni were found to cut better than those without these elements. However, contrary to results with as-rolled and shot- blasted mill plates, Cr was found to degrade cut quality in lab plates even when Cu and Ni were present.” This suggests that the role played by Cu and Ni during cutting may be different from that by Cr. Manohar goes on to propose a cutting mechanism that only depends on Cu and Ni and less on Cr.
While briefly discussing the laser cutting quality of a 32 mm thick plate of mild steel which is free of Ni and Cu, (containing 0.84 Cr), Manohar suggests that lower cost mild steels could be made using between 0.3-0.35 Cr and just enough Ni and Cu to bring the LRP up to 0.45. No data on such a steel is presented.
There is a need in the art for laser ready mild/low alloy steels with improved cut quality.
Summary of the Invention
The instant invention is an improved laser cuttable steel. The inventive steels have a broad compositional range of C: 0.01 - 0.29; Mn: 0.50 -1.35; P: 0.04 max; S: 0.05 max; Si: 0.40 max, (preferred for thicker plates Si: 0.15 - 0.40); Cr: 0.5 - 0.75; and the remainder being iron and impurities. Further the inventive alloys are free from intentional additions of Cu and Ni. That is, the alloy may contain residual levels of Cu and Ni only, nothing higher. In the frame of the invention, the maximum cumulated amount of Cu and Ni is such that (in wt %): Cu + Ni < 0.05%. In a preferred embodiment, the maximum cumulated total amount of Cu and Ni is below 0.02%.
Preferably the alloys of the present invention have a composition in wt. % of: C: 0.10 - 0.25; Mn: 0.8 - 1.2; Si: max 0.15; and Cr: 0.55 - 0.75. Most preferably the alloys of the present invention have a composition in wt. % of: C: 0.12 - 0.23; Mn: 0.8 - 1.05; Si: 0.02 - 0.14; and Cr: 0.55 - 0.72.
Detailed Description of the Invention
One type of mild steel that is often cut by laser is the ASTM A36 type steel for structural applications. The compositional specifications for A36 mild steel plates is, in wt.%: C: 0.29 max; Mn: 0.80 - 1.20; P: 0.04 max; S: 0.05 max; Si: 0.40 max, (preferred for thicker plates 0.15 - 0.40). The steel must have a minimum Yield Strength of 250 MPa.
Another type of steel that can be cut by lasers is the ASTM A572 type steel. The compositional specifications for A572 is, in wt.%: C: 0.26 max; Mn: 0.50 -1.35; P: 0.04 max; S: 0.05 max; Si: 0.40 max, (preferred for thicker plates 0.15-0.40). The steel must have a minimum Yield Strength of 290 MPa.
The instant invention is an improved laser cuttable version of such A36 and A572 steels. The inventive steels have a broad compositional range of C: 0.01 - 0.29; Mn: 0.50 -1.35; P: 0.04 max; S: 0.05 max; Si: 0.40 max, (preferred for thicker plates Si: 0.15 - 0.40); Cr: 0.5 - 0.75; and the remainder being iron and impurities. Further the inventive alloys are free from intentional additions of Cu and Ni. That is, the alloy may contain residual levels of Cu and Ni only, nothing higher. In the frame of the invention, the maximum cumulated amount of Cu and Ni is such that (in wt %): Cu + Ni < 0.05%. In a preferred embodiment, the maximum cumulated amount of Cu and Ni is below 0.02%.
Preferably the alloys of the present invention have a composition in wt. % of: C: 0.10 - 0.25; Mn: 0.8 - 1.2; Si: max 0.15; and Cr: 0.55 - 0.75. Most preferably the alloys of the present invention have a composition in wt. % of: C: 0.12 - 0.23; Mn: 0.8 - 1.05; Si: 0.02 - 0.14; and Cr: 0.55 - 0.72.
Examples of the inventive laser cuttable steel are presented in Table 1. The compositions are in wt.%. Cu and Ni are only present in residual amounts. Table 1
Figure imgf000006_0001
Table 2 discloses the composition, in wt.%, of three prior art (commercially available) laser cutting steel comparative samples. As can be seen, the prior art steels have amounts of Cu and Ni added intentionally and significantly lower contents of Cr than the inventive steels.
Table 2
Figure imgf000006_0002
Plates of the inventive alloys and comparative examples (25.5mm and 19mm) were tested for their laser cutting performance. The cutting performance was tested in both the as-hot-rolled condition and the hot-rolled/shot-blasted condition. Hot rolled coils within the compositional range up to 25 mm thick were also tested in the as-rolled, shot blasted and pickled & oiled condition. Laser cut trials indicate that the laser cut quality of inventive steel plates and coils is better than the comparative prior art laser ready steel plates.

Claims

I/We claim:
1. A laser cuttable steel alloy sheet/plate, wherein said steel has a composition comprising, in wt. %:
C: 0.01 - 0.29; Mn: 0.50 -1.35; P: 0.04 max; S: 0.05 max; Si: 0.40 max; Cr: 0.5 - 0.75, and the remainder being iron and impurities, said steel alloy being free from intentional additions of Cu and Ni and containing less than 0.05% of total cumulated amounts of Cu and Ni.
2. The laser cuttable steel alloy sheet/plate of claim 1 , wherein said steel further comprises Si: 0.15 - 0.40.
3. The laser cuttable steel alloy sheet/plate of claim 1 , wherein said steel further comprises C: 0.10 - 0.25.
4. The laser cuttable steel alloy sheet/plate of claim 3, wherein said steel further comprises Mn: 0.8 - 1.2.
5. The laser cuttable steel alloy sheet/plate of claim 4, wherein said steel further comprises Si: max 0.15.
6. The laser cuttable steel alloy sheet/plate of claim 5, wherein said steel further comprises Cr: 0.55 - 0.75.
7. The laser cuttable steel alloy sheet/plate of claim 1 , wherein said steel further comprises C: 0.12 - 0.23.
8. The laser cuttable steel alloy sheet/plate of claim 7, wherein said steel further comprises Mn: 0.8 - 1.05.
9. The laser cuttable steel alloy sheet/plate of claim 8, wherein said steel further comprises Si: 0.02 - 0.14.
10. The laser cuttable steel alloy sheet/plate of claim 9, wherein said steel further comprises Cr: 0.55 - 0.72.
PCT/IB2018/059988 2018-12-13 2018-12-13 Steels for laser cutting Ceased WO2020121034A1 (en)

Priority Applications (18)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
PCT/IB2018/059988 WO2020121034A1 (en) 2018-12-13 2018-12-13 Steels for laser cutting
KR1020237036713A KR102840140B1 (en) 2018-12-13 2019-11-21 Method of laser cutting a steel
JP2021533543A JP2022512477A (en) 2018-12-13 2019-11-21 How to laser cut steel
MX2021006979A MX2021006979A (en) 2018-12-13 2019-11-21 Method of laser cutting a steel.
CN202511857628.8A CN121289806A (en) 2018-12-13 2019-11-21 Methods for laser cutting steel
PCT/IB2019/060016 WO2020121088A1 (en) 2018-12-13 2019-11-21 Method of laser cutting a steel
US17/299,553 US12240057B2 (en) 2018-12-13 2019-11-21 Method of laser cutting steel
AU2019398742A AU2019398742B2 (en) 2018-12-13 2019-11-21 Method of laser cutting a steel
CA3122723A CA3122723C (en) 2018-12-13 2019-11-21 Method of laser cutting a steel
CN201980082728.4A CN113195765A (en) 2018-12-13 2019-11-21 Method for laser cutting of steel
BR112021011152-2A BR112021011152A2 (en) 2018-12-13 2019-11-21 METHOD FOR LASER CUTTING A STEEL ALLOY SHEET/PLATE
MA054438A MA54438A (en) 2018-12-13 2019-11-21 STEEL LASER CUTTING PROCESS
EP19808904.7A EP3894609A1 (en) 2018-12-13 2019-11-21 Method of laser cutting a steel
UAA202103980A UA126883C2 (en) 2018-12-13 2019-11-21 METHOD OF CUTTING STEEL BY LASER
KR1020217020631A KR20210097767A (en) 2018-12-13 2019-11-21 How to laser cut steel
ZA2021/03811A ZA202103811B (en) 2018-12-13 2021-06-03 Method of laser cutting a steel
JP2023183770A JP2024016090A (en) 2018-12-13 2023-10-26 How to laser cut steel
JP2025202610A JP2026032113A (en) 2018-12-13 2025-11-25 How to Laser Cut Steel

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PCT/IB2018/059988 WO2020121034A1 (en) 2018-12-13 2018-12-13 Steels for laser cutting

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PCT/IB2019/060016 Ceased WO2020121088A1 (en) 2018-12-13 2019-11-21 Method of laser cutting a steel

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EP (1) EP3894609A1 (en)
JP (3) JP2022512477A (en)
KR (2) KR102840140B1 (en)
CN (2) CN113195765A (en)
AU (1) AU2019398742B2 (en)
BR (1) BR112021011152A2 (en)
CA (1) CA3122723C (en)
MA (1) MA54438A (en)
MX (1) MX2021006979A (en)
UA (1) UA126883C2 (en)
WO (2) WO2020121034A1 (en)
ZA (1) ZA202103811B (en)

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JPH0941040A (en) * 1995-08-04 1997-02-10 Kobe Steel Ltd Production of high strength cold rolled steel sheet excellent in strength-flanging property
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JPH08157956A (en) * 1994-11-30 1996-06-18 Kobe Steel Ltd Production of high strength hot rolled steel plate for line pipe, excellent in toughness at low temperature
JPH08246097A (en) * 1995-03-08 1996-09-24 Kobe Steel Ltd High strength hot rolled steel sheet excellent in stretch-flanging workability and its production
JPH08333628A (en) * 1995-06-06 1996-12-17 Kobe Steel Ltd Production of parts excellent in wear resistance
JPH0941040A (en) * 1995-08-04 1997-02-10 Kobe Steel Ltd Production of high strength cold rolled steel sheet excellent in strength-flanging property
EP2169083A1 (en) * 2007-07-11 2010-03-31 JFE Steel Corporation Process for producing high-strength cold rolled steel sheet with low yield strength and with less material quality fluctuation
JP2018059187A (en) * 2016-09-28 2018-04-12 Ｊｆｅスチール株式会社 Abrasion resistant steel sheet and manufacturing method of abrasion resistant steel sheet

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KR20210097767A (en) 2021-08-09
BR112021011152A2 (en) 2021-08-31
CA3122723A1 (en) 2020-06-18
JP2026032113A (en) 2026-02-25
AU2019398742A1 (en) 2021-06-24
JP2024016090A (en) 2024-02-06
US12240057B2 (en) 2025-03-04
KR102840140B1 (en) 2025-07-29
KR20230153517A (en) 2023-11-06
US20220016732A1 (en) 2022-01-20
UA126883C2 (en) 2023-02-15
AU2019398742B2 (en) 2023-01-19
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