WO2020120136A1 - Procede de deshydratation de l'ethanol en ethylene a basse consommation energetique - Google Patents
Procede de deshydratation de l'ethanol en ethylene a basse consommation energetique Download PDFInfo
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- WO2020120136A1 WO2020120136A1 PCT/EP2019/082717 EP2019082717W WO2020120136A1 WO 2020120136 A1 WO2020120136 A1 WO 2020120136A1 EP 2019082717 W EP2019082717 W EP 2019082717W WO 2020120136 A1 WO2020120136 A1 WO 2020120136A1
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- dehydration
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- heat transfer
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C07—ORGANIC CHEMISTRY
- C07C—ACYCLIC OR CARBOCYCLIC COMPOUNDS
- C07C1/00—Preparation of hydrocarbons from one or more compounds, none of them being a hydrocarbon
- C07C1/20—Preparation of hydrocarbons from one or more compounds, none of them being a hydrocarbon starting from organic compounds containing only oxygen atoms as heteroatoms
- C07C1/24—Preparation of hydrocarbons from one or more compounds, none of them being a hydrocarbon starting from organic compounds containing only oxygen atoms as heteroatoms by elimination of water
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
- B01J—CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROCESSES, e.g. CATALYSIS OR COLLOID CHEMISTRY; THEIR RELEVANT APPARATUS
- B01J19/00—Chemical, physical or physico-chemical processes in general; Their relevant apparatus
- B01J19/24—Stationary reactors without moving elements inside
- B01J19/2415—Tubular reactors
- B01J19/242—Tubular reactors in series
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
- B01J—CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROCESSES, e.g. CATALYSIS OR COLLOID CHEMISTRY; THEIR RELEVANT APPARATUS
- B01J2219/00—Chemical, physical or physico-chemical processes in general; Their relevant apparatus
- B01J2219/00049—Controlling or regulating processes
- B01J2219/00051—Controlling the temperature
- B01J2219/00121—Controlling the temperature by direct heating or cooling
- B01J2219/00123—Controlling the temperature by direct heating or cooling adding a temperature modifying medium to the reactants
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
- B01J—CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROCESSES, e.g. CATALYSIS OR COLLOID CHEMISTRY; THEIR RELEVANT APPARATUS
- B01J2219/00—Chemical, physical or physico-chemical processes in general; Their relevant apparatus
- B01J2219/00049—Controlling or regulating processes
- B01J2219/00051—Controlling the temperature
- B01J2219/00121—Controlling the temperature by direct heating or cooling
- B01J2219/00128—Controlling the temperature by direct heating or cooling by evaporation of reactants
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
- B01J—CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROCESSES, e.g. CATALYSIS OR COLLOID CHEMISTRY; THEIR RELEVANT APPARATUS
- B01J2219/00—Chemical, physical or physico-chemical processes in general; Their relevant apparatus
- B01J2219/00049—Controlling or regulating processes
- B01J2219/00162—Controlling or regulating processes controlling the pressure
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C07—ORGANIC CHEMISTRY
- C07C—ACYCLIC OR CARBOCYCLIC COMPOUNDS
- C07C2529/00—Catalysts comprising molecular sieves
- C07C2529/04—Catalysts comprising molecular sieves having base-exchange properties, e.g. crystalline zeolites, pillared clays
- C07C2529/06—Crystalline aluminosilicate zeolites; Isomorphous compounds thereof
- C07C2529/40—Crystalline aluminosilicate zeolites; Isomorphous compounds thereof of the pentasil type, e.g. types ZSM-5, ZSM-8 or ZSM-11
Definitions
- the present invention relates to a process for converting ethanol into ethylene and in particular to a process for dehydrating ethanol.
- This reaction “intermediate” can be present in ethylene dehydration processes in which the conversion is partial or between two reactors in multi-reactor processes. DEE can then be converted to ethylene at a higher temperature.
- the reference catalyst often used is an acid monofunctional catalyst, gamma alumina being the most cited catalyst. Zeolites have also been used for this application, in particular ZSM5 since the 1980s, as for example in “Reactions of ethanol over ZSM-5", S.N. Chaudhuri & al., Journal of Molecular Catalysis 62: 289-295 (1990).
- US Pat. No. 4,232,179 describes a process for the dehydration of ethanol to ethylene in which the heat necessary for the reaction is provided by the introduction into the reactor of a heat transfer fluid mixed with the feed.
- the heat transfer fluid is either water vapor coming from an external source, or an external flow coming from the process, or recycles part of the effluent from the dehydration reactor, i.e. ethylene product.
- the introduction of the mixture of the charge with said heat transfer fluid makes it possible to provide the heat necessary to maintain the temperature of the catalytic bed at a level compatible with the desired conversions.
- a compressor for recycling said effluent is necessary.
- Patent application WO 2007/134415 describes a process for the dehydration of ethanol to ethylene improved compared to that of US patent 4 232 179 allowing a reduced investment cost, thanks to a reduced number of equipment and an operational cost.
- US Patent 4,396,789 also describes a process for dehydrating ethanol to ethylene in which ethanol and water vapor acting as heat transfer fluid are introduced into the first reactor at a temperature between 400 and 520 ° C and at a high pressure between 20 and 40 atm, so that the effluent produced by the dehydration reaction is withdrawn from the last reactor at a pressure at least greater than 18 atm, said reaction product, that is to say ethylene, may undergo after cooling the final cryogenic distillation stage without intermediate compression stage.
- Said method is also characterized by a heat exchange between said product of the dehydration reaction and the feedstock introduced into the first reactor, said reaction product being used to vaporize the feedstock entering the first reactor. Unconverted ethanol, at least part of the water formed during the process reactions and the water added for the final gas wash are recycled to ensure complete conversion of the ethanol.
- Patent application WO 201 1/002699 discloses a process for the dehydration of an ethanol feed to ethylene comprising the vaporization of a mixture of ethanol and water and the reaction of this mixture in an adiabatic reactor. This request does not address the problem of maximizing heat recovery in order to reduce the energy consumption of the process.
- Patent application WO 2013/01 1208 discloses a process for dehydrating an ethanol feedstock into ethylene comprising a thermal integration of the streams coming from the reaction unit in which the dehydration reaction takes place in adiabatic reactors.
- the dehydration process described in patent application WO 2014/083260 further comprises stages of preheating and pretreatment of the ethanol feed, before the stages of vaporization, compression and reaction in adiabatic reactors.
- heat exchanges between the different flows are favored, thus limiting energy consumption.
- the processes of these applications notably use a succession of adiabatic reactors between which the effluents are heated in order to maintain a temperature of the reaction flow sufficient to reach an optimal conversion rate.
- Patent application WO 2018/046515 describes a process for the dehydration of isobutanol to butene, comprising a step of simultaneous dehydration and isomerization, carried out in particular under isothermal or pseudo-isothermal conditions at a temperature of 300 ° C. or 350 ° C, in multitubular fixed bed reactors.
- An object of the invention is to provide a process for dehydrating ethanol into high purity ethylene, said process making it possible to maintain the high selectivity for ethylene with a specific energy consumption per tonne of ethylene product significantly lowered compared to the processes of the prior art.
- Another objective of the invention is to provide a process for the dehydration of ethanol to ethylene, making it possible to achieve high ethanol conversion rates, while reducing the temperature at which the feed enters the unit. reactive.
- the invention relates to a method for dehydrating an ethanol charge into ethylene comprising: a) a step of vaporizing a vaporization charge comprising said ethanol charge in an exchanger by means of a heat exchange with a dehydration effluent from the 'step c), so as to produce a vaporized charge;
- a step of dehydrating said superheated charge so as to produce a dewatering effluent comprising a reaction section comprising at least one multitubular reactor in which the dehydration reaction takes place, said multitubular reactor comprising a plurality of tubes between 2 and 4 m in length and a grille,
- said tubes each comprising at least one fixed bed comprising at least one dehydration catalyst, said superheated charge being introduced into said tubes at an inlet temperature above 400 ° C and below 550 ° C and at an inlet pressure included between 0.8 and 1.8 MPa,
- a heat transfer fluid circulating inside said calender at a mass flow rate such that the ratio of the mass flow rate of said heat transfer fluid in the calender to the mass flow rate of said superheated charge introduced into said tubes is greater than or equal to 10, said fluid coolant having an inlet temperature in the shell of said multitubular reactor greater than 430 ° C and less than 550 ° C; d) a step of separating the dehydration effluent from step c) into an effluent comprising ethylene at a pressure of less than 1 MPa and an effluent comprising water;
- step e) a step of purifying at least part of the effluent comprising water from step d) and separating at least one stream of purified water and at least one stream of unconverted ethanol.
- the present invention has the advantage of achieving high ethanol conversion rates and ethylene selectivity, while reducing the overall energy consumption of the process compared to the processes of the prior art.
- the Applicant has indeed discovered, surprisingly, that the dehydration reaction of ethanol to ethylene which is a very endothermic reaction is possible in a multitubular reactor under special operating conditions. Under such conditions, the temperatures necessary for a good conversion of ethanol to ethylene are reached.
- the present invention thus makes it possible to compensate for the endothermic nature of the dehydration reaction in order to ensure good conversion of ethanol to ethylene, while limiting side reactions and therefore avoiding the production of by-products (butenes, oligomers, aromatic compounds , etc).
- the present invention also allows a reduction in the temperature of the feedstock at the inlet of the multitubular reactor compared to those used at the inlet of the first adiabatic reactor of the processes of the prior art, thus limiting any risk of possible degradation of the feedstock.
- the present invention also has the advantage of maximizing the heat exchange between the charge and the dehydration effluent from the dehydration reactor, that is to say exchanging all of the vapor enthalpy of the charge and most of the enthalpy of condensation of said effluent.
- the invention thus relates to a process for dehydrating an ethanol charge into ethylene comprising:
- said tubes each comprising at least one fixed bed comprising at least one dehydration catalyst, preferably a zeolitic catalyst, said superheated charge being introduced into said tubes, at an inlet temperature higher than 400 ° C and lower than 550 ° C and at an inlet pressure between 0.8 and 1.8 MPa,
- a heat transfer fluid circulating inside said calender at a mass flow rate such that the ratio of the mass flow rate of said heat transfer fluid in the calender to the mass flow rate of said superheated charge introduced into said tubes is greater than or equal to 10, said fluid coolant having an inlet temperature in the calender greater than 430 ° C and less than 550 ° C;
- step d) a step for separating the dehydration effluent from step c) into an effluent comprising ethylene at a pressure of less than 1 MPa and an effluent comprising water;
- step e) a step of purifying at least part of the effluent comprising water from step d) and separating at least one stream of purified water and at least one stream of unconverted ethanol.
- the feed treated in the dehydration process is an ethanol feed.
- Said ethanol feedstock is advantageously comprises ethanol. It can also include water.
- Said ethanol charge is advantageously a concentrated ethanol charge.
- concentrated ethanol charge is meant an ethanol charge comprising a mass percentage of ethanol greater than or equal to 35% by weight.
- said concentrated ethanol charge comprises a mass percentage of ethanol of between 35 and 99.9% by weight.
- the ethanol charge comprising less than 35% by weight of ethanol can be concentrated, prior to the process of the invention, by any means known to a person skilled in the art, for example by distillation, by absorption, by pervaporation.
- Said ethanol feedstock can also comprise, in addition to water, a content of alcohols other than ethanol, such as for example methanol, butanol and / or isopentanol of less than 10% by weight, and preferably less than 5% by weight, a content of oxygenated compounds other than alcohols such as for example ethers, acids, ketones, aldehydes and / or esters of less than 1% by weight and a content of nitrogen and sulfur, organic and inorganic , less than 0.5% by weight, the weight percentages being expressed relative to the total mass of said load.
- a content of alcohols other than ethanol such as for example methanol, butanol and / or isopentanol of less than 10% by weight, and preferably less than 5% by weight
- the ethanol feedstock treated in the process according to the invention is optionally obtained by a process for synthesizing alcohol from fossil resources such as, for example, from coal, natural gas or carbonaceous waste.
- the ethanol feedstock treated in the process according to the invention is an ethanol feedstock produced from a renewable source derived from biomass, often called “bioethanol”.
- Bioethanol is a filler produced biologically, preferably by fermentation of sugars from, for example, cultures of sugar plants such as sugar cane (sucrose, glucose, fructose, and sucrose), beets, or even starchy plants (starch ) or lignocellulosic biomass or hydrolyzed cellulose (majority glucose and xylose, galactose), containing variable amounts of water.
- Said charge can also advantageously be obtained from synthesis gas.
- Said filler can also advantageously also be obtained by hydrogenation of the corresponding acids or esters.
- the acetic acid or the acetic esters are advantageously hydrogenated using hydrogen to ethanol.
- Acetic acid can advantageously be obtained by carbonylation of methanol or by fermentation of carbohydrates.
- the ethanol feedstock according to the invention is an ethanol feedstock produced from a renewable source obtained from biomass.
- the ethanol feedstock according to the invention can optionally advantageously undergo a pretreatment step prior to step a) of vaporization of said feedstock.
- Said pretreatment step makes it possible to remove the impurities contained in said feed so as to limit the deactivation of the dehydration catalyst placed downstream, and in particular the compounds containing nitrogen and sulfur-containing compounds.
- the oxygenated compounds present in said charge are not substantially eliminated. It can also advantageously participate in reducing the energy consumption of the dehydration process.
- Said pretreatment step is advantageously carried out by means known to those skilled in the art, such as for example: the use of at least one resin, preferably an acidic resin; adsorption of impurities on solids preferably at a temperature between 20 and 60 ° C; a sequence comprising a first hydrogenolysis step operating at a temperature between 20 and 80 ° C followed by a capture step on an acid solid at a temperature between 20 and 80 ° C; and / or distillation.
- said resin is preferably acidic and is used at an elevated temperature of between 70 and 200 ° C.
- Said resin can optionally be preceded by a basic resin.
- the pretreatment step is carried out by adsorption of the impurities on solids, said solids are advantageously chosen from molecular sieves, activated carbon, alumina and zeolites.
- the step of pretreatment of the ethanol charge prior to step a) of vaporization comprises a preheating of said ethanol charge followed by a pretreatment.
- Said preheating of said ethanol charge is implemented in a heat exchanger so as to produce a preheated ethanol charge, by means of a heat exchange with the dehydration effluent from step c) to bring it to a temperature between 100 and 130 ° C, the pressure being between 0.1 and 3 MPa such that said ethanol charge after preheating remains in liquid form.
- Said pretreatment of the preheated ethanol charge is carried out on an acidic solid, preferably having an exchange capacity of at least 0.1 mmol H + equivalent per gram, the exchange capacity (or acid strength) being determined by assay (preferably by conductimetry) of the H + ions released by the acidic solid after exchange with Na + ions (cf. ASTM D4266).
- said acid solid is chosen from the group consisting of clays treated with acids (such as montmorillonite), zeolites having a silica to alumina ratio in the crystal lattice of 2.5 to 100 molar and acid resins, in particular having an exchange capacity of 0.2 to 10 mmol H + equivalent per gram.
- the acid solid used for the pretreatment of the ethanol feedstock in this embodiment is an ion-exchange resin, in particular of cation, comprising in particular sulfonic groups grafted on an organic support composed of aromatic chains and / or haloaliphatics.
- the acid solid of the pretreatment of the ethanol feedstock optionally used ethanol prior to step a) of vaporization of the process of the present invention is an acid resin comprising a copolymer of di-vinyl benzene and of polystyrene having a level crosslinking between 20 and 45% and an acid force (or exchange capacity), representing the number of active sites of said resin between 1 and 10 mmol H + equivalent per gram, preferably between 3.5 and 6 mmol H + equivalent per gram.
- the acid solid is a commercial acid resin sold under the reference TA801 by the company Axens. This particular mode of pretreatment of said ethanol feedstock is well described, for example, in patents FR 2 998 567 and FR 2 998 568.
- the step of pretreatment of the ethanol feed prior to step a) of vaporization comprises a step of capture on an adsorbent, preferably chosen from the group formed by: alumino- microporous silicates, resins carrying acid groups, acid ion exchange resins, silicas impregnated with acids, activated carbon, activated aluminas, clays, molecular sieves, mesoporous alumino-silicate materials and their mixtures.
- an adsorbent preferably chosen from the group formed by: alumino- microporous silicates, resins carrying acid groups, acid ion exchange resins, silicas impregnated with acids, activated carbon, activated aluminas, clays, molecular sieves, mesoporous alumino-silicate materials and their mixtures.
- This step of capturing the impurities on the adsorbent can be preceded by a step of hydrogenating the impurities of the ethanol feedstock, in particular the nitrile and / or aldehyde impurities, in the presence of hydrogen and a hydrogenation catalyst, such as a resin (for example an Amberlyst® type resin), a FAU type zeolite (for example a Y zeolite) or a silica-alumina material impregnated with a Pd, Pt, Co, Mo or Ni element.
- a resin for example an Amberlyst® type resin
- FAU type zeolite for example a Y zeolite
- silica-alumina material impregnated with a Pd, Pt, Co, Mo or Ni element.
- Said step of pretreatment of the ethanol charge makes it possible to produce a purified cut of the ethanol charge in which the organic impurities have been removed, in order to obtain a purified charge corresponding to the level of impurities compatible with the dehydration catalyst.
- Said pretreatment step can also make it possible to partially transform the ethanol into diethyl ether (DEE), for example between 3% by weight and 20% by weight of the ethanol present in the feed converted into DEE during this pretreatment step.
- DEE diethyl ether
- the dehydration process comprises a step a) of vaporization of a vaporization charge comprising said ethanol charge, optionally pretreated, so as to produce a vaporized charge. Said vaporization is carried out by means of a heat exchange with the effluent from step c) of dehydration in a heat exchanger.
- Said ethanol feedstock, optionally pretreated, is advantageously mixed with at least part, preferably all, of a stream of unconverted ethanol coming from purification step e) and recycled and introduced upstream of the heat exchanger. stage a) of vaporization.
- vaporization charge Said ethanol charge, optionally pretreated, and advantageously mixed with at least part, preferably all, of the stream of recycled unconverted ethanol is called in the following description "vaporization charge".
- the pressure of said vaporization charge at the input of said vaporization stage a) is between 0.1 and 2.0 MPa, preferably between 0.1 and 1.4 MPa, preferably between 0.8 and 1, 3 MPa and very preferably between 1.0 and 1.2 MPa.
- step a) of vaporization most of the latent heat of the aqueous phase of the dehydration effluent from the multitubular reactor is recovered to vaporize said vaporization charge, without external heat supply. The entire enthalpy of vaporization of said vaporization charge is therefore exchanged with the enthalpy of condensation of said dehydration effluent.
- step a) of vaporization the vaporization charge evaporates and the dehydration effluent condenses at least in part.
- the vaporized charge is at least partly, preferably entirely, in gas form.
- step a) of vaporization also make it possible to avoid the supply of heat transfer fluid external to the process to ensure the vaporization of said vaporization charge by recovering the major part of the latent heat of the aqueous phase of the vapor. dehydration effluent from the multitubular reactor to vaporize the vaporization charge. Thus, only the flows from the process are used.
- the vaporization charge can also optionally be reheated, upstream of the vaporization stage a), but after any mixing of the ethanol charge with the stream of unconverted ethanol recycled according to stage e), by heat exchange with the stream of unconverted ethanol from step e) of separation or with the stream of purified water from step e) of separation, or by a succession of heat exchanges with the stream of ethanol not converted from step e) and with the flow of purified water from step e).
- This preliminary heating step if it is integrated into the method according to the invention, is advantageously implemented in any type of suitable exchanger, preferably a liquid / liquid exchanger known to those skilled in the art. This thermal integration maximizes heat recovery from the effluents produced to heat the load. It thus contributes to reducing the energy consumption of the process.
- the dehydration process comprises a step b) of heating said vaporized charge, resulting from step a) of vaporization, so as to produce an overheated charge.
- the superheated charge obtained is in gas form.
- said vaporized charge is heated in an exchanger by means of a heat exchange with a thermal fluid.
- the temperature of the superheated charge obtained at the end of step b) of the process according to the invention is greater than 400 ° C, preferably greater than or equal to 410 ° C, very preferably greater than or equal to 420 ° C, and less than 550 ° C, preferably less than or equal to 500 ° C.
- the thermal fluid used must have a temperature at the inlet of the heat exchanger greater than 430 ° C., preferably greater than or equal to 450 ° C., very preferably. greater than or equal to 470 ° C, and less than 550 ° C, preferably less than or equal to 500 ° C, preferably less than or equal to 495 ° C. and less than 550 ° C.
- the thermal fluid is thus chosen so as to be thermally stable under the operating conditions described above, preferably at an operating temperature above 430 ° C.
- the thermal fluid is also chemically inert with respect to the compounds of the filler and does not induce corrosion in the equipment used in the process according to the invention, in particular in the exchanger of step b ).
- the thermal fluid is chosen from the group consisting of: molten salts (or heat transfer salts) and oils of high performance lubricant type.
- the thermal fluid is chosen from molten salts.
- An oil of high performance lubricant type which can be used as thermal fluid in the process according to the invention is, for example, the oil sold by Santolube under the name OS-124.
- the thermal fluid is chosen from the following molten salts: mixtures of NaN0 3 -KN0 3 , for example the Solar Sait grades of NaN0 3 -KN0 3 , eutectic mixtures of NaN0 3 -NaN0 2 -KN0 3 , for example for example Dynalene MS-1 sold by the company Dynalene or Hitec® sold by Brenntag, and mixtures of the fluoride salts NaF and NaBF 4 .
- the thermal fluid is chosen from eutectic mixtures of NaN0 3 -NaN0 2 -KN0 3 (for example known under the trade names Dynalene MS-1 and Hitec®).
- the molten salts When used as thermal fluid, they remain in liquid form at the operating temperatures of the process.
- the heat exchange is therefore preferably carried out in a liquid / gas type exchanger.
- the thermal fluid used in step b) for heating the process according to the invention is the same as the heat transfer fluid used in the multitubular reactor of step c) of dehydration.
- a single external heat transfer fluid is introduced into the process, limiting energy consumption and the costs associated with consumption of utilities.
- the method according to the invention comprises a closed loop for circulation of thermal fluid, preferably a single closed loop for circulation of external heat transfer fluid when the thermal fluid of step b) and the heat transfer fluid of step c) are the same.
- the closed loop for circulation of the thermal fluid comprises a system for heating the fluid, such as for example a tube furnace.
- This circulation loop can also include collection flasks for recovering “waste”, in particular liquid compounds other than molten salts or high performance oils chosen and coming from the heat exchanger of step b) (and / or of the multitubular reactor of step c) of dehydration when the thermal fluid of step b) and the heat transfer fluid of step c) are the same).
- the dehydration process comprises a step c) of dehydration of said superheated charge, so as to produce a dehydration effluent.
- Said dehydration step c) comprises a reaction section comprising at least one multitubular reactor in which the dehydration reaction takes place.
- Dehydration step c) is advantageously carried out in a multitubular reactor.
- said multitubular reactor comprises a plurality of tubes and a calender.
- the calender typically cylindrical, is the envelope of the reactor inside which the tubes are located, preferably parallel to each other and to the walls of the calender, and circulates a heat transfer fluid.
- the calender may also include one or more baffles or any other system, preferably distributed homogeneously in the calender, to allow good diffusion and homogenization of the heat transfer fluid.
- the tubes each comprise at least one fixed bed comprising at least one dehydration catalyst. The dehydration reaction takes place in the tubes of the multitubular reactor (s).
- the tubes of the multitubular reactor each comprising at least one fixed bed comprising at least one dehydration catalyst, can also be called reaction tubes.
- the multitubular reactor of step c) comprises a plurality of tubes in the shell, preferably at least 100 tubes, preferably at least 1000 tubes, or even at least 2000 tubes.
- multi-tube reactors include up to 10,000 tubes.
- the reaction tubes have a length of between 2 and 4 m, preferably between 2.5 and 3.5 m.
- the external diameter of the reaction tubes is typically between 10 and 80 mm, preferably between 20 and 75 mm and preferably between 40 and 60 mm, for example around 2 inches, and their internal diameter is preferably between 9 and 79 mm, preferably between 15 and 70 mm and very preferably between 35 and 55 mm.
- the size of the multitubular reactor of step c) of dehydration, as the diameter of the calender can be adapted by the skilled person according to general knowledge, depending in particular on the number of tubes, their length and their diameter.
- Multitubular reactors in particular industrial reactors, are conventionally made of a material inert with respect to the reaction carried out, typically made of stainless steel, steel or nickel.
- the multitubular reactor (ies) in the process according to the invention is (are) preferably made of stainless steel.
- said superheated charge is introduced into said tubes of the multitubular reactor, each comprising at least one fixed bed comprising at least one dehydration catalyst, advantageously at one end of said reaction tubes and simultaneously in the assembly reaction tubes of said multitubular reactor.
- the inlet temperature of said superheated charge in said reaction tubes is greater than 400 ° C, preferably greater than or equal to 410 ° C, very preferably greater than or equal to 420 ° C, and less than 550 ° C , preferably less than or equal to 500 ° C, preferably less than or equal to 480 ° C and very preferably less than or equal to 450 ° C.
- the inlet pressure of said superheated charge in said reaction tubes is advantageously between 0.8 and 1.8 MPa, preferably between 0.8 and 1.1 MPa, preferably 0.85 and 1.0 MPa and so highly preferred between 0.90 and 0.95 MPa.
- the dehydration effluent from said multitubular reactor of step c) advantageously has a temperature between 340 and 500 ° C, preferably between 380 and 450 ° C, preferably between 400 and 450 ° C, and a pressure at the outlet of reactor between 0.6 and 1.6 MPa and preferably between 0.6 and 0.8 MPa.
- the inlet temperature of said superheated charge in the reactor (s) can advantageously be gradually increased, advantageously in the range of inlet temperatures noted above, to adapt to the deactivation of the dehydration catalyst.
- the dehydration reaction which takes place in at least one multitubular reactor of step c) of the process according to the invention advantageously operates at an hourly weight rate (PPH) of between 0.1 and 20 h 1 and preferably between 0, 5 and 3 p.m. 1 .
- the hourly weight velocity (PPH, weight per hourly weight) is defined as the ratio of the mass flow rate of the charge entering the reactor, that is to say the superheated charge, over the mass of dehydration catalyst included in the 'set of reaction tubes of said multitubular reactor.
- the flow of the load can be in ascending or descending mode, preferably descending.
- a heat transfer fluid circulates in the calender, in particular between said reaction tubes, of the multitubular reactor (s) of said dehydration step c), in a co-current or counter-current flow manner circulating inside the reaction tubes.
- the mass flow of said heat transfer fluid in the shell is such that the ratio of the mass flow of said heat transfer fluid in the shell to the mass flow of said superheated charge introduced into said tubes is greater than or equal to 10, preferably between 11 and 15 , preferably between 12 and 14.
- a heat transfer fluid is used in the process according to the invention to bring the heat necessary for the dehydration reaction which takes place in the tubes. There is then a heat exchange on the wall by sensible heat transfer.
- the dehydration reaction of ethanol to ethylene being highly endothermic, attack temperatures in the reaction tubes (that is to say in the zone of the tubes located at the inlet of the charge) quite high (in particular 380- 450 ° C) are required.
- attack temperatures in the reaction tubes that is to say in the zone of the tubes located at the inlet of the charge
- the temperature of the heat transfer fluid at the inlet of the multitubular reactor must be greater than the temperature at which the charge enters the tubes.
- the inlet temperature of said heat transfer fluid into the shell of said multitubular reactor is advantageously greater than 430 ° C, preferably greater than or equal to 450 ° C, very preferably greater than or equal to 470 ° C, and less than 550 ° C, preferably less than or equal to 500 ° C, preferably less than or equal to 495 ° C.
- the heat transfer fluid is chosen so as to be thermally stable under the operating conditions described above, in particular at an operating temperature above 430 ° C.
- the choice of heat transfer fluid can also be guided by other constraints: the heat transfer fluid is to be inert with respect to the reagents and products of the dehydration reaction; the heat transfer fluid does not induce corrosion of the equipment of the process according to the invention, such as the multitubular reactor or the conduits.
- the heat transfer fluid is chosen from the group consisting of: molten salts (or heat transfer salts) and oils of high performance lubricant type.
- an oil of high performance lubricant type which can be used as heat transfer fluid in the process according to the invention is the oil marketed by Santolube under the name OS-124.
- the heat transfer fluid is chosen from molten salts, which are in liquid form at the operating temperatures of the multitubular reactor of the process according to the invention.
- the heat transfer fluid is chosen from the following molten salts: mixtures of NaN0 3 - KN0 3 , for example the Solar Sait grades of NaN0 3 -KN0 3 , eutectic mixtures of NaN0 3 - NaN0 2 -KN0 3 (Hitec type molten salts), for example the commercial grades Hitec® sold by the company Brenntag or Dynalene MS-1 sold by the company Dynalene under the name, and mixtures of fluoride salts NaF and NaBF 4 .
- the heat transfer fluid is chosen from eutectic mixtures of NaN0 3 -NaN0 2 -KN0 3 (for example Dynalene MS-1).
- the heat transfer fluid used in the multitubular reactor of step c) of dehydration is the same as the thermal fluid used in step b) of heating.
- the method according to the invention comprises a closed loop for circulation of the heat transfer fluid, preferably a single closed loop for circulation of the external heat transfer fluid when the thermal and heat transfer fluids are the same.
- the closed loop for circulation of the heat transfer fluid comprises a system for heating the fluid, such as for example a tubular furnace.
- This circulation loop can also include collection flasks for recovering the “waste”, compounds, in particular liquids other than the molten salts or the high performance oils chosen and coming from the multitubular reactor of step c) of dehydration (and / or of the heat exchanger of step b) when the thermal fluid of step b) and the heat transfer fluid of step c) are the same).
- the dehydration reaction of ethanol to ethylene takes place under isothermal or pseudo-isothermal conditions, that is to say i.e. such that the temperature of the reaction medium at the outlet of the reactor (that is to say the dehydration effluent at the outlet of the reactor) is similar to the temperature at the inlet of the feed or has a difference of less than 40 ° C, preferably less than 20 ° C, relative to the temperature of the feedstock at the reactor inlet.
- These particular operating conditions participate in obtaining high rates of conversion of ethanol of high selectivity to ethylene, while having a satisfactory energy consumption, or even reduced compared to a process comprising a series of adiabatic reactors.
- the dehydration catalyst used in step c) of dehydration is a catalyst known to those skilled in the art.
- said catalyst is an amorphous acid catalyst or a zeolitic catalyst.
- the dehydration catalyst used in step c) of the process according to the invention is a zeolitic catalyst, in particular an acid catalyst.
- said catalyst comprises at least one zeolite chosen from zeolites having at least pore openings containing 8, 10 or 12 oxygen atoms (8 MR, 10 MR or 12 MR). It is known in fact to define the size of the pores of the zeolites by the number of oxygen atoms forming the annular section of the channels of the zeolites, called "member ring" or MR in English.
- said zeolitic dehydration catalyst comprises at least one zeolite having a structural type chosen from the structural types MFI, FAU, MOR, FER, SAPO, TON, CHA, EUO MEL and BEA.
- said zeolitic dehydration catalyst comprises a zeolite of structural type MFI and preferably a zeolite ZSM-5.
- the zeolite used in the dehydration catalyst used in step c) of the process according to the invention can advantageously be modified by dealumination or desilication according to any method of dealumination or desilication known to those skilled in the art.
- the zeolite used in the dehydration catalyst used in step c) of the process according to the invention or the final catalyst can advantageously be modified by an agent capable of attenuating its total acidity and improving its hydrothermal resistance properties.
- said zeolite or said catalyst advantageously comprises phosphorus, preferably added in the form H 3 P0 4 followed by a steam treatment after neutralization of the excess of acid with a basic precursor for example based on sodium Na or calcium Ca.
- said zeolite comprises a phosphorus content of between 1 and 4.5% by weight, preferably between 1, 5 and 3.1% by weight, relative to the total weight of the catalyst.
- the dehydration catalyst used in step c) of the process according to the invention is the catalyst described in patent applications WO 2009/098262, WO 2009/098267, WO 2009/098268 or WO 2009/098269.
- the dehydration catalyst used in step c) of the process according to the invention comprises a zeolite of structural type MFI, preferably a zeolite ZSM-5, and phosphorus at a content of between 1 and 4 , 5% by weight, preferably between 1.5 and 3.1% by weight, relative to the total weight of the catalyst.
- the ethanol feed is preferably pretreated, upstream of step a) of vaporization.
- the pretreatment step thus advantageously makes it possible to remove the impurities contained in said ethanol feed which are "inhibitors" of the dehydration catalyst, so as to limit, or rather delay, the deactivation of said catalyst.
- said dehydration catalyst used in step c) of the process according to the invention is an amorphous acid catalyst
- said catalyst comprises at least one porous refractory oxide chosen from alumina, alumina activated by a deposit of mineral acid and silica alumina.
- Said dehydration catalyst used in step c) of the process according to the invention can advantageously also comprise at least one matrix of the oxide type also called binder.
- matrix according to the invention is intended to mean an amorphous matrix, crystallized, or comprising amorphous and crystallized parts.
- Said matrix is advantageously chosen from the elements of the group formed by clays (such as for example from natural clays such as kaolin or bentonite), magnesia, aluminas, silicas, silica- aluminas, aluminates, titanium oxide, boron oxide, zirconia, aluminum phosphates, titanium phosphates, zirconium phosphates, and carbon, used alone or as a mixture.
- said matrix is chosen from the elements of the group formed by aluminas, silicas and clays.
- Said dehydration catalyst used in step c) of the process according to the invention is advantageously shaped in the form of grains of different shapes and dimensions. It is advantageously used in the form of cylindrical or multi-lobed extrudates such as two-lobed, three-lobed, multi-lobed in straight or twisted shape, but can optionally be manufactured and used in the form of crushed powder, tablets, rings, balls, of wheels, of spheres. Preferably, said catalyst is in the form of extrudates.
- Step c) of the process according to the invention in particular in the presence of the dehydration catalyst, preferably comprising a zeolite, contained in the specific reactor and under the operating conditions used, makes it possible to optimize the conversion of ethanol and selectivity for ethylene, by compensating for the loss of calories due to the endothermic nature of the dehydration reaction without inducing side reactions.
- Step c) of the process of the invention thus makes it possible to maximize the production of ethylene while limiting the formation of by-products, such as butenes, oligomers, aromatic compounds.
- the overall dehydration reaction used in step c) of the process according to the invention is as follows:
- the conversion of the ethanol feedstock in step c) is greater than 90%, preferably 95% and preferably more than 99%.
- the conversion of the ethanol charge is defined, in percentage, by the following formula:
- the hourly mass of ethanol entering and leaving is the hourly mass entering and leaving the multitubular reactor, measured conventionally, for example by gas chromatography.
- the transformation of the charge can be accompanied by the deactivation of the dehydration catalyst by coking and / or by adsorption of inhibitor compounds.
- the dehydration catalyst preferably the catalyst comprising a zeolite, therefore advantageously periodically undergoes a regeneration step.
- the reactor is used in an alternating regeneration mode, also called a swing reactor, in order to alternate the reaction and regeneration phases of said dehydration catalyst.
- the objective of this regeneration treatment is to burn the organic deposits as well as the species containing nitrogen and sulfur, contained on the surface and within said dehydration catalyst.
- Possible pretreatment the ethanol charge makes it possible to reduce the amount of impurities, basic and organic, as well as the cationic species which will alter the cycle time of the catalyst. The elimination of these species thus makes it possible to limit the number of regeneration of the catalyst.
- the regeneration of the dehydration catalyst used in said step c) of the process according to the invention is advantageously carried out by oxidation of the coke and the inhibiting compounds under air flow or under an air / nitrogen mixture, for example by using a recirculation of the combustion air with or without water in order to dilute the oxygen and control the regeneration exotherm.
- the regeneration takes place at a pressure between atmospheric pressure and the reaction pressure.
- the regeneration temperature is advantageously chosen between 400 and 600 ° C; it can advantageously vary during regeneration.
- the end of the regeneration is detected when there is no more oxygen consumption, sign of a total combustion of the coke.
- the dehydration effluent from the multitubular reactor of step c) is advantageously sent to a gas / liquid type exchanger in which it is partially condensed by a heat exchange used to vaporize the vaporization charge in step a) vaporization.
- Said dehydration effluent can then be further cooled by heat exchange with the ethanol charge during the possible preheating phase which can advantageously precede the possible pretreatment of the ethanol charge upstream of step a) of vaporization.
- the dewatering effluent from step c) undergoes a separation step d) into an effluent comprising ethylene at a pressure of less than 1 MPa, preferably less than 0.8 MPa and a effluent including water.
- Step d) of separation of said dehydration effluent from step c) can advantageously be implemented by any method known to those skilled in the art such as for example by a gas / liquid separation zone, and preferably a gas / liquid separation column.
- the effluent comprising ethylene at a pressure below 1 MPa then advantageously undergoes compression. Said compression makes it possible to raise the pressure of said effluent to a pressure advantageously between 2 and 4 MPa necessary for its final purification.
- At least part of the effluent comprising water from step d) is optionally recycled in step d) of separation. This recycling increases the efficiency of step d) by absorbing part of the charge not converted.
- said part of the effluent comprising water is advantageously cooled using a cold fluid or a fluid from process and is preferably treated according to the known purification methods described below.
- step e) of purification at least part of the effluent comprising water from step d) of separation undergoes a step e) of purification.
- the purification step e) can advantageously be carried out by any purification method known to a person skilled in the art.
- step e) of purification can advantageously be carried out by the use of ion exchange resins, by adding chemical agents to adjust the pH such as, for example, sodium hydroxide or amines and / or by adding chemical agents to stabilize the products, such as for example the polymerization inhibitors chosen from bisulfites and surfactants.
- At least one stream of purified water and at least one stream of unconverted ethanol are then separated.
- the separation can advantageously be implemented by any separation method known to those skilled in the art.
- the separation can advantageously be carried out by distillation, the use of molecular sieves, steam or heat stripping or by absorption with a solvent such as, for example, glycol solvents.
- a stream containing the light gases preferably acetaldehyde and methanol, can advantageously also be separated.
- At least part, preferably all, of the stream of unconverted ethanol from step e) can be recycled upstream of step a) of vaporization.
- the stream of unconverted ethanol from step e) recycled is mixed with the ethanol charge, optionally pretreated.
- This step of recycling at least part of the flow of unconverted ethanol, when it is integrated into the process according to the invention, makes it possible to improve the yields of ethylene.
- FIG. 1 schematically represents the dehydration process according to the invention in the case of the dehydration of a concentrated ethanol charge with a step of pretreatment of the ethanol charge, recycling of at least part of the stream of unconverted ethanol upstream of stage a) of vaporization and complete thermal integration of the streams resulting from the purification.
- the thermal fluid of the heating step and the heat transfer fluid of the dehydration step is the same fluid.
- the ethanol charge is introduced into a pretreatment zone (2) via the line (1).
- the pretreated ethanol feed (3) is then mixed in line (5) with part of the flow of unconverted ethanol (4) from the purification zone (15) and recycled via line (4).
- the ethanol feedstock pretreated in mixture with part of the stream of recycled unconverted ethanol is introduced via line (5) into an exchanger E1 in which said mixture undergoes heat exchange with the stream of unconverted ethanol (16) issuing of the purification zone (15). Said mixture is then introduced via line (6) into a second exchanger E2 in which it undergoes heat exchange with the flow of purified water (17) coming from the purification zone (15).
- Said mixture comprising the pretreated ethanol feedstock and part of the flow of recycled unconverted ethanol, preheated in the exchangers E1 and E2, is then sent via the line (7) to an exchanger E3 in which it undergoes heat exchange with the dewatering effluent from the multitubular reactor R1.
- Said dewatering effluent is introduced into the exchanger E3 via the pipe (10) and leaves therefrom via the pipe (11).
- the latent heat or enthalpy of condensation of the dehydration effluent from the multitubular reactor R1 is used to vaporize the ethanol feedstock in admixture with the stream of recycled unconverted ethanol, without external heat input.
- a vaporized charge (8) is obtained at the outlet of the exchanger E3.
- the vaporized charge is sent via the line (8) in a gas / liquid exchanger E4 in which said vaporized charge undergoes heat exchange with a heat transfer fluid (32), for example molten salts.
- a superheated charge (9), in gas form, at a temperature compatible with the temperature of the dehydration reaction is obtained at the outlet of exchanger E4.
- the superheated charge is then introduced via line (9) into the multitubular reactor R1.
- the heat transfer fluid circulates in the shell of the reactor R1 into which it is introduced via the line (33) and leaves the reactor R1 through the line (35).
- the heat transfer fluid at the inlet of the exchanger E4 and of the reactor R1, that is to say in the pipes (31), (32) and (33), is at a temperature higher than that of the inlet temperature. of the charge in the multitubular reactor R1.
- the heat transfer fluid is then sent via the line (36) to an oven (30), for example a tubular oven, where it will be heated.
- the heated heat transfer fluid (31) is then returned to the exchanger E4 and the multitubular reactor R1 via the lines respectively (32) and (33).
- the dehydration effluent from the reactor R1 then undergoes a heat exchange described previously in the exchanger E3 in which it is introduced via the pipe (10).
- the dehydration effluent is sent via the line (11) to a gas / liquid separation column (12) where it is separated into an effluent comprising ethylene (13) and an effluent comprising water (14).
- Part of the effluent comprising water is recycled after cooling in the column (12) via the pipe (20).
- the part of the effluent comprising water not recycled in the column (12) is sent via the line (14) in a step (15) of purification and separation.
- a stream containing the light gases (19) is also separated and recycled to the gas / liquid separation column (12). After heat exchange in the exchangers E2 and E1 respectively, the flow of purified water (18) is recovered.
- Example 1 illustrates a method according to the invention.
- the ethanol charge considered is produced by fermentation of wheat, without extraction of glutens, by a dry milling type process according to the English term.
- the ethanol charge is pretreated on a TA801 type pretreatment resin at a temperature of 120 ° C. and a pressure of 1.15 MPa. After this pretreatment, the quantity of nitrogenous compounds is reduced (cf. Table 1)
- the vaporization charge is introduced into an exchanger at a pressure of 1.03 MPa and is vaporized by heat exchange with the dehydration effluent from the multitubular reactor. At the outlet of the exchanger, a vaporized charge is obtained in gas form.
- the vaporized charge is introduced into a gas / liquid exchanger.
- the heat transfer fluid used is Dynalene MS-1 (eutectic mixture NaN0 3 -NaN0 2 -KN0 3 ) sold by the company Dynalene, at a temperature of 470 ° C.
- the superheated charge is at 420 ° C.
- the superheated charge is then introduced into a multitubular reactor, comprising 2283 tubes and a calender in which the Dynalene MS-1 used in the previous step circulates.
- a multitubular reactor comprising 2283 tubes and a calender in which the Dynalene MS-1 used in the previous step circulates.
- the characteristics of the multitubular reactor are described in Table 2.
- the multitubular reactor comprises, a dehydration catalyst placed in the tubes of the multitubular reactor, said catalyst comprising 80% by weight of zeolite ZSM-5 treated with H 3 P0 4 so that the P 2 0 5 content is 3, 5% weight.
- Table 2 Characteristics of the multitubular reactor and the dehydration stage
- PPH Weight per hourly weight
- PPH Weight per hourly weight
- mass flow rate of the feed entering the reactor ie in this case (mass flow of the ethanol feed + mass flow of the ethanol flow not converted recycled), on the mass of dehydration catalyst included in the multitubular reactor
- the effluent obtained at the outlet of the reactor, or dewatering effluent, is analyzed by gas chromatography. Its composition is given in Table 1, column 5.
- the conversion rate of ethanol at the reactor outlet is very satisfactory: it is 99.1%. It is calculated as follows:
- the selectivity of the process to ethylene is approximately 98%. It is calculated as follows:
- the quantity of ethanol converted is the quantity of ethanol contained in the vaporization charge subtracted from the quantity of ethanol contained in the unconverted ethanol effluent); 0.61 g is the maximum amount of ethylene obtained by drying 1 g of pure ethanol.
- the effluent from the multitubular reactor of step c) then undergoes heat exchange with the vaporization charge, as previously described, and is sent to a separation column gas / liquid.
- An effluent comprising ethylene at a pressure equal to 0.60 MPa is separated as well as an effluent comprising water. This separation is carried out by using a gas / liquid separation column, with recycling of the water produced at the bottom of the column to the head of the column and after cooling and injection of neutralizing agent.
- the effluent comprising ethylene is then compressed to raise its pressure to 2.78 MPa before its final purification.
- a stream of purified water and a stream of unconverted ethanol as well as a stream containing the light gases are then separated by conventional distillation at low pressure of the effluent comprising water from step d) of separation.
- the separated unconverted ethanol stream is completely reintroduced as a mixture with the ethanol charge upstream of step a) of vaporization.
- the equivalent primary energy consumption, or specific consumption of the process, is 6 GJ equivalent per tonne of ethylene produced.
- Example 2 illustrates a process according to the invention.
- Example 2 the same dehydration catalyst as that of Example 1 (80% by weight of ZSM-5 zeolite treated with H 3 P0 4 so that the P 2 0 5 content is 3.5 % weight) is used but it is at the end of the cycle.
- Example 2 The same ethanol charge as in Example 1 is used. It is pretreated as described in Example 1 (on TA801 resin at 120 ° C. and 1.15 MPa).
- the characteristics of the multitubular reactor are identical to those of the reactor of Example 1.
- the conversion rate of ethanol at the reactor outlet calculated in the same way as in Example 1, is 99.8%.
- the selectivity of the ethylene process is 99.9%.
- the equivalent primary energy consumption, or specific consumption of the process, is 5.72 GJ equivalent per tonne of ethylene produced.
- Example 3 illustrates a process for converting ethanol into ethylene, for example described in patent application WO 2013/011208.
- the ethanol feedstock considered is the same as that of Example 1. It is pretreated as described in Example 1
- the process illustrated in Example 3 comprises:
- stage iii a stage of vaporization of the vaporization charge obtained, by heat exchange with the dehydration effluent resulting from stage iii);
- a step of dehydration of the compressed vaporized charge implemented in a succession of two adiabatic reactors, each comprising a fixed bed comprising a dehydration catalyst (same catalyst as that of Example 1), each of the adiabatic reactors being preceded by an oven to heat the reaction medium to temperatures compatible with the dehydration reaction: the charge is heated to an inlet temperature in the first adiabatic reactor at 460-480 ° C; at the outlet of the first adiabatic reactor, the outgoing effluent has lost 107 ° C and is reheated in a second oven to 430-450 ° C before entering the second adiabatic reactor;
- an effluent purification step comprising water and separation of at least one stream of purified water and a stream of unconverted ethanol.
- the overall conversion rate into ethanol, at the outlet of the second adiabatic reactor, is equal to 99.2%.
- the ethylene selectivity of the process of Example 3 is 97.8%.
- the overall conversion rate and the selectivity to ethylene are calculated in the same way as in Example 1.
- the energy index of the process of Example 3, not in accordance with the invention, is high: the primary energy consumption of the process of Example 3 is at least 7.3 GJ per tonne of ethylene.
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Abstract
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US17/413,080 US11358911B2 (en) | 2018-12-14 | 2019-11-27 | Low-energy consumption method for dehydrating ethanol into ethylene |
EP19808824.7A EP3894377A1 (fr) | 2018-12-14 | 2019-11-27 | Procede de deshydratation de l'ethanol en ethylene a basse consommation energetique |
BR112021010716A BR112021010716A2 (pt) | 2018-12-14 | 2019-11-27 | Método de desidratação de etanol em etileno de baixo consumo de energia |
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FR1872972A FR3089973B1 (fr) | 2018-12-14 | 2018-12-14 | Procédé de déshydratation de l'éthanol en éthylène à basse consommation énergétique |
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FR3131306A1 (fr) * | 2021-12-23 | 2023-06-30 | IFP Energies Nouvelles | Procédé de deshydrogenation de l’éthanol avec élimination de l’hydrogene et intégration thermique |
FR3131307A1 (fr) * | 2021-12-23 | 2023-06-30 | IFP Energies Nouvelles | Procédé de deshydrogenation de l’éthanol en presence d’oxygene |
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FR3114590B1 (fr) | 2020-09-25 | 2022-09-09 | Ifp Energies Now | Procédé de deshydrogenation de l’éthanol en reacteur multitubulaire |
US20240091832A1 (en) * | 2022-09-16 | 2024-03-21 | Carba Inc. | Reactor and process for removal of carbon dioxide |
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FR3131306A1 (fr) * | 2021-12-23 | 2023-06-30 | IFP Energies Nouvelles | Procédé de deshydrogenation de l’éthanol avec élimination de l’hydrogene et intégration thermique |
FR3131307A1 (fr) * | 2021-12-23 | 2023-06-30 | IFP Energies Nouvelles | Procédé de deshydrogenation de l’éthanol en presence d’oxygene |
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US20220041525A1 (en) | 2022-02-10 |
BR112021010716A2 (pt) | 2021-11-16 |
US11358911B2 (en) | 2022-06-14 |
FR3089973B1 (fr) | 2020-12-25 |
FR3089973A1 (fr) | 2020-06-19 |
EP3894377A1 (fr) | 2021-10-20 |
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