WO2020117066A1 - Dispositif et procédé pour disperser du pétrole sur de l'eau - Google Patents

Dispositif et procédé pour disperser du pétrole sur de l'eau Download PDF

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Publication number
WO2020117066A1
WO2020117066A1 PCT/NO2019/050264 NO2019050264W WO2020117066A1 WO 2020117066 A1 WO2020117066 A1 WO 2020117066A1 NO 2019050264 W NO2019050264 W NO 2019050264W WO 2020117066 A1 WO2020117066 A1 WO 2020117066A1
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WO
WIPO (PCT)
Prior art keywords
water
nozzles
oil
vessel
flushing
Prior art date
Application number
PCT/NO2019/050264
Other languages
English (en)
Inventor
Stein Erik SØRSTRØM
Trond Nordtug
Original Assignee
Sintef Tto As
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Priority claimed from US16/207,621 external-priority patent/US10683626B2/en
Application filed by Sintef Tto As filed Critical Sintef Tto As
Publication of WO2020117066A1 publication Critical patent/WO2020117066A1/fr

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Classifications

    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B05—SPRAYING OR ATOMISING IN GENERAL; APPLYING FLUENT MATERIALS TO SURFACES, IN GENERAL
    • B05B—SPRAYING APPARATUS; ATOMISING APPARATUS; NOZZLES
    • B05B7/00—Spraying apparatus for discharge of liquids or other fluent materials from two or more sources, e.g. of liquid and air, of powder and gas
    • B05B7/02—Spray pistols; Apparatus for discharge
    • B05B7/08—Spray pistols; Apparatus for discharge with separate outlet orifices, e.g. to form parallel jets, i.e. the axis of the jets being parallel, to form intersecting jets, i.e. the axis of the jets converging but not necessarily intersecting at a point
    • B05B7/0884—Spray pistols; Apparatus for discharge with separate outlet orifices, e.g. to form parallel jets, i.e. the axis of the jets being parallel, to form intersecting jets, i.e. the axis of the jets converging but not necessarily intersecting at a point the outlet orifices for jets constituted by a liquid or a mixture containing a liquid being aligned
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
    • B01F—MIXING, e.g. DISSOLVING, EMULSIFYING OR DISPERSING
    • B01F23/00—Mixing according to the phases to be mixed, e.g. dispersing or emulsifying
    • B01F23/40—Mixing liquids with liquids; Emulsifying
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B05—SPRAYING OR ATOMISING IN GENERAL; APPLYING FLUENT MATERIALS TO SURFACES, IN GENERAL
    • B05B—SPRAYING APPARATUS; ATOMISING APPARATUS; NOZZLES
    • B05B1/00—Nozzles, spray heads or other outlets, with or without auxiliary devices such as valves, heating means
    • B05B1/14—Nozzles, spray heads or other outlets, with or without auxiliary devices such as valves, heating means with multiple outlet openings; with strainers in or outside the outlet opening
    • B05B1/20—Arrangements of several outlets along elongated bodies, e.g. perforated pipes or troughs, e.g. spray booms; Outlet elements therefor
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C02—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
    • C02F—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
    • C02F1/00—Treatment of water, waste water, or sewage
    • C02F1/40—Devices for separating or removing fatty or oily substances or similar floating material
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C02—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
    • C02F—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
    • C02F1/00—Treatment of water, waste water, or sewage
    • C02F1/68—Treatment of water, waste water, or sewage by addition of specified substances, e.g. trace elements, for ameliorating potable water
    • C02F1/682—Treatment of water, waste water, or sewage by addition of specified substances, e.g. trace elements, for ameliorating potable water by addition of chemical compounds for dispersing an oily layer on water
    • E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
    • E02—HYDRAULIC ENGINEERING; FOUNDATIONS; SOIL SHIFTING
    • E02B—HYDRAULIC ENGINEERING
    • E02B15/00—Cleaning or keeping clear the surface of open water; Apparatus therefor
    • E02B15/04—Devices for cleaning or keeping clear the surface of open water from oil or like floating materials by separating or removing these materials
    • E02B15/041—Devices for distributing materials, e.g. absorbed or magnetic particles over a surface of open water to remove the oil, with or without means for picking up the treated oil
    • E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
    • E02—HYDRAULIC ENGINEERING; FOUNDATIONS; SOIL SHIFTING
    • E02B—HYDRAULIC ENGINEERING
    • E02B15/00—Cleaning or keeping clear the surface of open water; Apparatus therefor
    • E02B15/04—Devices for cleaning or keeping clear the surface of open water from oil or like floating materials by separating or removing these materials
    • E02B15/10—Devices for removing the material from the surface
    • E02B15/108—Ejection means
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B05—SPRAYING OR ATOMISING IN GENERAL; APPLYING FLUENT MATERIALS TO SURFACES, IN GENERAL
    • B05B—SPRAYING APPARATUS; ATOMISING APPARATUS; NOZZLES
    • B05B13/00—Machines or plants for applying liquids or other fluent materials to surfaces of objects or other work by spraying, not covered by groups B05B1/00 - B05B11/00
    • B05B13/005—Machines or plants for applying liquids or other fluent materials to surfaces of objects or other work by spraying, not covered by groups B05B1/00 - B05B11/00 mounted on vehicles or designed to apply a liquid on a very large surface, e.g. on the road, on the surface of large containers
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B05—SPRAYING OR ATOMISING IN GENERAL; APPLYING FLUENT MATERIALS TO SURFACES, IN GENERAL
    • B05B—SPRAYING APPARATUS; ATOMISING APPARATUS; NOZZLES
    • B05B13/00—Machines or plants for applying liquids or other fluent materials to surfaces of objects or other work by spraying, not covered by groups B05B1/00 - B05B11/00
    • B05B13/02—Means for supporting work; Arrangement or mounting of spray heads; Adaptation or arrangement of means for feeding work
    • B05B13/04—Means for supporting work; Arrangement or mounting of spray heads; Adaptation or arrangement of means for feeding work the spray heads being moved during spraying operation
    • B05B13/0421—Means for supporting work; Arrangement or mounting of spray heads; Adaptation or arrangement of means for feeding work the spray heads being moved during spraying operation with rotating spray heads
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B05—SPRAYING OR ATOMISING IN GENERAL; APPLYING FLUENT MATERIALS TO SURFACES, IN GENERAL
    • B05B—SPRAYING APPARATUS; ATOMISING APPARATUS; NOZZLES
    • B05B15/00—Details of spraying plant or spraying apparatus not otherwise provided for; Accessories
    • B05B15/60—Arrangements for mounting, supporting or holding spraying apparatus
    • B05B15/65—Mounting arrangements for fluid connection of the spraying apparatus or its outlets to flow conduits
    • B05B15/652—Mounting arrangements for fluid connection of the spraying apparatus or its outlets to flow conduits whereby the jet can be oriented
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B05—SPRAYING OR ATOMISING IN GENERAL; APPLYING FLUENT MATERIALS TO SURFACES, IN GENERAL
    • B05B—SPRAYING APPARATUS; ATOMISING APPARATUS; NOZZLES
    • B05B15/00—Details of spraying plant or spraying apparatus not otherwise provided for; Accessories
    • B05B15/70—Arrangements for moving spray heads automatically to or from the working position
    • B05B15/72—Arrangements for moving spray heads automatically to or from the working position using hydraulic or pneumatic means
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B05—SPRAYING OR ATOMISING IN GENERAL; APPLYING FLUENT MATERIALS TO SURFACES, IN GENERAL
    • B05B—SPRAYING APPARATUS; ATOMISING APPARATUS; NOZZLES
    • B05B7/00—Spraying apparatus for discharge of liquids or other fluent materials from two or more sources, e.g. of liquid and air, of powder and gas
    • B05B7/24—Spraying apparatus for discharge of liquids or other fluent materials from two or more sources, e.g. of liquid and air, of powder and gas with means, e.g. a container, for supplying liquid or other fluent material to a discharge device
    • B05B7/26—Apparatus in which liquids or other fluent materials from different sources are brought together before entering the discharge device
    • B05B7/28—Apparatus in which liquids or other fluent materials from different sources are brought together before entering the discharge device in which one liquid or other fluent material is fed or drawn through an orifice into a stream of a carrying fluid
    • B05B7/30—Apparatus in which liquids or other fluent materials from different sources are brought together before entering the discharge device in which one liquid or other fluent material is fed or drawn through an orifice into a stream of a carrying fluid the first liquid or other fluent material being fed by gravity, or sucked into the carrying fluid
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C02—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
    • C02F—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
    • C02F2201/00—Apparatus for treatment of water, waste water or sewage
    • C02F2201/008—Mobile apparatus and plants, e.g. mounted on a vehicle
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C02—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
    • C02F—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
    • C02F2301/00—General aspects of water treatment
    • C02F2301/02—Fluid flow conditions
    • C02F2301/024—Turbulent
    • E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
    • E02—HYDRAULIC ENGINEERING; FOUNDATIONS; SOIL SHIFTING
    • E02B—HYDRAULIC ENGINEERING
    • E02B15/00—Cleaning or keeping clear the surface of open water; Apparatus therefor
    • E02B15/04—Devices for cleaning or keeping clear the surface of open water from oil or like floating materials by separating or removing these materials
    • E02B15/046—Collection of oil using vessels, i.e. boats, barges
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02A—TECHNOLOGIES FOR ADAPTATION TO CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02A20/00—Water conservation; Efficient water supply; Efficient water use
    • Y02A20/20—Controlling water pollution; Waste water treatment
    • Y02A20/204—Keeping clear the surface of open water from oil spills

Definitions

  • the present invention relates to a device and method for dispersing oil on water.
  • the present invention relates to the chemical-free dispersion of oil on water.
  • the chemical dispersion of oil on water is a commonly used oil spill control method.
  • the method involves spraying“dispersant(s)” onto the oil slick floating on the surface, which is thereby dispersed into microscopic (micron-sized) droplets. These droplets are distributed in the water column either by way of natural turbu lence (waves and current) or by using the propulsion system of a ship. Subse quently, naturally occurring currents and turbulence in the water will help dilute the oil slick so as to render the oil slick less damaging or even harmless to the environment.
  • the dispersant contains ingredients that are detrimental to the environment.
  • dispersant Relatively large amounts of dispersant are used in a contingency operation.
  • the dispersant must be transported to the application site, which is often a limiting factor in the execution of the operation.
  • GB 2038651 A discloses a method of dispersing oil in water by means of ultrasound vibrations.
  • Several vibration generating apparatuses are installed on a vessel. It is also suggested that the vibration generating apparatuses are used together with a solvent.
  • FR 2694737 discloses a catamaran for cleaning water, having a ramp with adjustable nozzles.
  • the main purpose of the equipment is to collect floating waste, using fluid in the nozzles which is selectable from water, air, or dispersants.
  • US 3532622 A discloses and claims the use of chemical dispersants in order to form an oil-in-water dispersion.
  • the spray nozzles are disposed at a signi ficant distance from the water surface at which spilled oil is to be treated.
  • High pressure nozzles instead of fan pumps, are used for emulsifying the oil to small droplets and the gradation of the jets directly in proportion to the concentration of oil is accomplished through a constant laterally oscillating angular movement of the jets.
  • An object of the present invention is to provide a new and efficient solution for handling oil spills on water, preferably offshore.
  • a second object is that the solution is to be environmentally friendly and hence not discharge environmentally harmful substances into the surrounding water body, i.e., the present solution shall be free of chemicals.
  • a third object is that the solution for handling oil spills on water, i.e., oil slicks, shall be simple and cost-efficient.
  • the arrangement needed for handling the oil spills is to be simple and inexpensive to produce and also have low operating costs in use. Operation of the device shall be simple and efficient with respect to handling of large volumes of oil spills.
  • a fourth object is that the device shall have a flexible configuration so that it can be used on many different vessels, i.e., both on specially designed vessels and on conventional vessels.
  • a device for dispersing oil on water comprising a rig structure for being mounted in a vessel, the rig struc ture including a transverse structure with nozzles for flushing with pressurized water jets supplied from a pressure facility located on the vessel, wherein a dir ection and a distance of the nozzles to a surface of the water as well as pressure of the pressurized water are adjustable, wherein the nozzles are rotatably arran ged whereby overlapping impact areas from closely related nozzles are formed on the surface of the water, whereby dispersed oil droplets within a micron-size range are obtained such that the dispersed oil droplets can be mixed into the water by the energy created by the water jets and forward motion of the vessel.
  • a method of dispersing oil on water comprising mounting a rig structure in a vessel, wherein the rig structure includes a front transverse structure with rotatable nozzles for flushing with pressurized water jets supplied from a pressure facility located on the vessel, adjusting a direction and a distance of the nozzles to the a surface of the water as well as pressure of the pressurized water, maintaining highest possible impact energy from the pressurized water on the surface in relation to the viscosity of oil, and obtaining dispersed oil droplets within a micron-size range such that the dispersed oil droplets are mixed into the water by the energy created by the water jets and forward motion of the vessel.
  • Fig. 1 schematically shows first embodiment of a device for dispersing oil on water mounted in a front part of a vessel
  • Fig. 2 shows a more detailed view of the device during operation
  • Fig 2a shows a front view of a second embodiment of the device during operation
  • FIG. 2b shows further details of the device according to Figure 2a
  • Fig. 3 shows the vessel with the device in operation for handling an oil spill on water
  • Fig. 4 shows the vessel with the device in a non-operative position, in a transport configuration, for example,
  • Fig. 5 schematically shows initial tests in a plexiglass tube
  • Fig. 6 shows the droplet size distribution in the plexiglass tube experiment before, during and after a high pressure flushing treatment
  • Fig. 7 shows a droplet cloud formed during treatment of the oil by a high pressure jet in the plexiglass tube experiment
  • Fig. 8 schematically shows a meso-scale flume, with test data indicated in the square
  • Fig. 9a shows the experiment setup in the meso-scale flume, in a side view, with application at an angle of 90 degrees from a height of 50 cm,
  • Fig. 9b shows a front view of Fig. 9a
  • Fig. 10a shows the experiment setup in the meso-scale flume, in a side view, with application at an angle of 45 degrees from a height of 25 cm,
  • Fig. 10b shows a front view of Fig. 10a
  • Fig. 1 1 a shows the experiment setup in the meso-scale flume, in a side view, with application at an angle of 90 degrees from surface level (zero height)
  • Fig. 1 1 b shows a front view of Fig. 1 1 a
  • Fig. 12 shows the droplet size distribution before, during and after the treat- ment of oil by nozzles positioned at the water surface in the flume testing tank
  • Fig. 13 shows a front view of a vessel with a preferred embodiment of the device for dispersing oil on water
  • Fig. 14 shows a top view of the vessel of Fig. 13,
  • Fig. 15 shows a front view of the vessel according to Fig. 13 and 14 in operation for handling an oil spill on water
  • Fig. 16 shows a rotatable nozzle wherein the impact area from the pres surized water on the surface is illustrated
  • Fig. 17 shows the rotatable nozzle in an inclined position wherein the impact area from the pressurized water on the surface is illustrated.
  • a first embodi ment of the device 1 includes a rig structure 2 for being mounted preferably in a front part of a vessel 15.
  • Rig structure 2 further includes a front transverse struc ture 5.
  • the front transverse structure 5 spans the entire width of the vessel.
  • Fig. 3 shows an embodiment of the front transverse structure 5 having an extent that exceeds the width of the vessel so that it will cover an area wider than the width of the ship.
  • the transverse structure 5 may have an extent smaller than the width of the vessel.
  • the transverse structure 5 is further provided with a number of nozzles 7, T for flushing with high pressure water 1 1 supplied from a high pressure facility 10 located on the vessel 15.
  • the number of nozzles 7, T may vary depending the configuration of the nozzle(s) and area of application, for example.
  • high pressure facility 10 will use water from the surrounding water body, which may be seawater or freshwater depending on the location at which the vessel operates.
  • High pressure facility 10 further uses a pressure gene rator whereby water is provided at ultra-high pressure to nozzles 7, T.
  • rig structure 2 is shown moveably mounted to the vessel whereby the distance from the water surface of nozzles 7, T is adjustable.
  • the direction of nozzles 7, T and the pressure of the high pressure water are also adjustable so that dispersed oil droplets within a preferred or optimum micron-size range of, preferably, 5-40 pm are obtained.
  • rig structure 5 could also be provided with pneumatic and ultrasound arrangements that further increase the oil dispersion efficiency.
  • rig structure 2 is further connected to an additive storage tank 35.
  • additives are carried directly from storage tank 35 into high pressure water 1 1 for nozzles 7, T. It should be noted, however, that the additives could be carried directly from storage tank 35 to suitable additive nozzles provided on the front transverse structure 5.
  • a combination of directly supplying the additives into high pressure water for the nozzles and supplying to separate additive nozzles provided on the transverse structure 5 is also contemplated.
  • particles In order to achieve a mechanical impact, particles must be carried directly from a storage tank into the water flow to the nozzles. In principle, other additives could be sprayed from separate nozzles without involving the high pressure water 1 1 for nozzles 7, T.
  • the additives or materials can be particles, bacteria, nutrients, etc.
  • the vessel In the case of handling an oil spill on water, the vessel will be prepared for operation in that rig structure 2 and nozzles 7, T as well as the pressure of the high pressure water are adjusted and regulated and optimized so as to obtain dispersed oil droplets of the desired micron-range size.
  • Water with high pressure is supplied through separate hoses 50, 50', one for each set of nozzles 7, 7'.
  • the narrow nozzles T are mounted on the rig structure 21 and operated by a first hydraulic regulated arm while the wider nozzles 7 are mounted on the rig structure 2 and operated by a second hydraulic regulated arm.
  • a water switch 55 makes it possible to select one or both of the nozzle sets. Two or several sets of nozzles 7, 7' are used. The first set gives a narrow water jet with high impact energy. The water jet from these nozzles 7' penetrates deep into the water column (1 - 2 meter).
  • the second set of nozzles 7 gives a wider water jet covering a larger surface area.
  • the water jet from these nozzles 7 penetrates down to 0,5 - 1 meter depth.
  • the narrow nozzles 7' are positioned such that the water jets from the narrow nozzles 7' hits the surface at the midpoint between the impact areas of the wider set of nozzles 7.
  • the angle between the water jet and the surface may be regulated by twist ing the nozzle arm in the desired direction.
  • the two nozzle sets are mounted on their own movable arm where the dis tance over the water surface can be regulated individually by use of hydraulic pistons 51 , 51 ' one each of the separate arms.
  • Fig. 3 shows the vessel 15 with the device 1 during operation for dispersing oil 20 on water (an oil slick).
  • the oil is dispersed into oil droplets within a micron-size range at the front of the vessel.
  • the oil droplets will be further mixed into the water body by the forward movement of the vessel.
  • the result thereof is that the oil slick is broken into micron-size droplets, after which natural currents and turbulence in the water body further help diluting the oil cloud so that it becomes less damaging or even harmless to the environment.
  • Fig. 4 shows the vessel 15 with the device 1 in a non-operative configura tion during transport to the operation site or to shore, for example.
  • the device 1 ' comprises a rig structure 2' mounted in the vessel 15'.
  • the rig structure 2' includes a traverse structure 5'.
  • the traverse structure 5 has an extent smaller than the width of the vessel 15'.
  • the traverse structure 5' is provided with a number of rotatable nozzles 7" for flushing with high pressure water 1 1 supplied from a high pressure facility 10 located on the vessel 15'. Closely related rotatable nozzles 7" create overlapping impact areas on the surface of the water.
  • the rotatable nozzles 7" are used in a vertical (upright) position as illustrated in Fig. 16.
  • the impact area 1 1 ' of the pressurized water forming a circle on the surface of the water. Closely related rotatable nozzles 7" then will form overlapping continuous impact areas on the surface of the water.
  • the nozzle 7" could also be adjusted to an inclined position in relation to the vertical as shown in Fig. 17. In this configuration the nozzle 7" creates an impact area 1 1 ' forming an ellipse on the surface of the water.
  • dispersed oil droplets within a micron-size range are obtained such that the dispersed oil droplets can be mixed into the water by the energy created by the water jets and the forward motion of the vessel.
  • a man skilled in the art will understand that it is a relation between a required impact energy and oil qualities to be treated.
  • the impact energy must be high in order to disperse oil droplets and the man skilled in the art understands that this requirement (the requirement with regard to high impact energy) increases with increasing viscosity of the oil.
  • the viscosity of the oil in creases with several factors according to API-number, the oil's ability to evaporate off the lighter components and the ability of the oil to take up water and create emulsions.
  • Testing of the device 1 ' including the rotatable nozzles 7" demonstrates that the distance between the nozzles and the surface of the water does not need to be adjusted. Flowever, in some cases adjusting the distance is advantageously.
  • the distance regulation is solved by a couple of small electro motors raising and lowering the rig structure 2'.
  • the rig structure 2' is arranged in a short distance to the surface of the water and thereby high impact energy is achieved where the pressurized water jets hit the oil spill.
  • Distances between the nozzles and the surface of the water have been tested from 15 to 30 cm. It is found that sufficient effect is achieved for distances between 15 and 30 cm.
  • One or more types of nozzles could be used. Flowever, testing has shown that only one type of a rotating type nozzle 7' is sufficient in that the narrow jet is "thrown around” such that the impact area creates an ellipse on the surface. The ellipses from the closely related nozzles 7" overlapping each other. Rotational velocity is 3000 rpm for the type of nozzles which are used.
  • One or several rig structures 2' could be used. Testing has shown that only one rig structure 2' is sufficient in order to treat the oil spill on the surface of the water.
  • the spray nozzle 7" is a key component of the high pressure water jet system.
  • the size of the spray nozzle outlet as well as its shape affect the amount and type of high-pressure water jet that is directed towards the work area (the oil slick on the surface).
  • the outlet diameter of the nozzle 7" determines the pressure produced at a particular flow. A smaller outlet will produce a higher pressure at a specific flow than a larger outlet.
  • the shape of the nozzle 7" outlet determines the spray pattern, which is generally either zero degree spray pattern or fan spray (various degrees) The more concentrated or narrower the spray pattern, the less surface will be covered but with more impact of water against the surface.
  • Rotating nozzles 7" rotates a zero degree spray pattern in a circular motion to break down the oil on the surface.
  • the zero-degree water jet beam is spinning at 3000 rotations per minute creating a circular impact area on the surface.
  • By tilting the water jet some de grees from vertical the impact area forms an elliptic shape on the surface.
  • By placing several nozzles 7" close to each other the circular or elliptic impact areas from the neighboring nozzles will overlap and create a continues impact area along the whole length of the nozzle rig. In this way we combine the benefit of using the highly concentrated zero-degree beam with the wider impact area caused by the rotating movement of the beam
  • the oil was treated using different techniques:
  • dispersant has been used in oil spill incidents (cata strophes) in order to improve the breakdown of the oil into small droplets.
  • the smaller droplets will assist in removing the thick oil slick by diluting and dispersing the oil slick.
  • Experience from field testing has indicated that the mechanical handling of oil may provide for sufficient shearing of the oil to disperse the oil from the sea surface.
  • the use of chemical dispersion of oil on water is restricted by local regula tions, the availability of chemicals, the efficacy of chemicals on the oil grade in question, as well as the application technology available.
  • the present methodo logy provides for a chemical-free solution for dispersing oil on water by using an ultra-high pressure water jet solution applicable for small, medium, and large oil and chemical spills.
  • the use of chemical dispersing agents is presently one of the main countermeasures against oil spills.
  • the droplet size distribution was monitored using the instrument LISST 100X (Sequoia Scientific).
  • the instrument uses laser diffraction in the deter mination of the size distribution.
  • the droplet sizes are classified as concentrations within 32 size bins from 2.5 to 500 microns.
  • the oil used is a lightly evaporated asphaltenic north sea oil.
  • Flushing was effected by flushing nozzles (Washjet HSS 1/4MEG 2506 from Spraying Systems Company), which created a fan-shaped flushing jet with an angle of 29 degrees.
  • Pressurized water was supplied by a Karcher HD 10/25 high pressure cleaner. The pressure was controlled by a needle valve and measured by a manometer located just before the nozzle(s).
  • An oil layer of 1 mm 1 mm was contained within a plexiglass tube having a diameter of 10 cm. Flushing was conducted through a nozzle at about 15 bar on the inside of the tube. The small droplets formed escaped below the tube and into the testing tank.
  • the measurement system for LISST 100X was positioned right under the tube, in order to document the size distribution of the droplets formed. In this regard, reference is made to Fig. 5.
  • the result shows a binominal droplet distribution during the flushing treat ment.
  • the large droplets with a peak value above the detection limit of the instru ment (> 500 microns) are most likely a combination of entrained air bubbles and oil droplets that have not been effectively processed in the high pressure flushing treatment.
  • the larger droplets are precipitated and leave only a smaller of the two distributions in the water column.
  • the droplets left in the water after the treatment exhibit a wide droplet size distribution with a peak value of approximately 75 microns.
  • the distribution documented was visually evaluated to be dispersed oil, cf. Fig. 7.
  • the flume basin has a width of 0.5 meters and a depth of 1 meter and the overall length of the flume is about 10 meters.
  • the total volume of the tank is 4.8 cubic meters of sea water.
  • Two fans disposed in a covered wind tunnel control the wind velocity.
  • a wave generator is used for generating waves of a controlled wave energy input. The tests were carried out in front of the wave generator and droplet size measurements were taken just inside the first tank of the test tank.
  • the testing region is indicated by the square in the figure.
  • the nozzle pair was positioned 50 cm above water level and worked perpendicularly to the axis. Water was supplied at a pressure of up to 20 bar.
  • Figs. 9a and 9b reference is made to Figs. 9a and 9b.
  • the nozzle pair was positioned 25 cm over water level and worked at an angle of 45 degrees to the surface. At half the angle and half the height, the flushing still produced a continuous flushing line spanning the width of the test tank. The angle was changed in order to address the problem of counteracting currents. The jet worked more in the direction of the wind/wave induced currents and the air bubbles surfaced further away from the jet. Also, at the 45 degrees angle, the flushing treatment (jets) was observed to“bounce off” the surface instead of penetrating the surface. This means that part of the energy was converted to a horizontal and upward movement. The flushing pressure was limited to 16 bar in order to reduce the amount of water flushed back into the air. In this regard, reference is made to Fig. 10a and Fig. 10b.
  • the system was positioned at the water surface so as to flush down into the water at an angle of 90 degrees.
  • the reduced height also allowed the use of a higher pressure so the system was operated at 35 bar.
  • Fig. 1 1 a and Fig. 1 1 b reference is made to Fig. 1 1 a and Fig. 1 1 b.
  • the nozzle system was arranged at the water surface and oil flow, there fore, was prevented by the application system itself. Consequently, oil was con centrated upstream of the nozzles. After the high pressure flushing was activated, parts of spots were pulled into the two jets. Only small amounts of oil were obser ved to pass through the system without being "treated” by the high pressure jet. The formation of light brown clouds could be observed immediately when the oil entered into the system. This observation could also be documented by measure ments using LISST 100X, cf. Fig. 12.
  • LISST 100X does not discern between oil droplets and water bubbles.
  • a water sample was obtained subsequent to the flushing treatment in order to document that the concentrations measured were actually oil.
  • the samp les were extracted and analyzed for total oil in a spectrometer.
  • the concentration was found to be 38 ppm.
  • the net concentration measured by LISST 100X was 29 ppm (sum of the concentration within all the reported size bins). This indicates that most droplets registered by LISST are oil droplets.
  • the system may be incorporated into different oil spill control
  • the system delivers an ultra-high pressure water jet, preferably above 30-40 bar per nozzle. This places strict requirements on the high pressure water supply system as well as the design of the nozzles as well as the internal configuration of the individual nozzles.
  • nozzle outlet is located near the water surface. 0-20 cm would be desirable, but the distance can be increased if the water pres sure is increased and/or the concentration of water jets is increased (narrow fan). The closer to the surface the water fan is, the wider it can be, and it has been found that it is possible to tune the combination of surface distance and water fan (jet) width.
  • the nozzle In order to be able to cover a large surface area, the nozzle should be arranged in a stand that allows a certain width of water to be covered as the vessel carrying the system moves through the oil slick on the surface.

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Environmental & Geological Engineering (AREA)
  • General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
  • Structural Engineering (AREA)
  • Civil Engineering (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • Hydrology & Water Resources (AREA)
  • Water Supply & Treatment (AREA)
  • Organic Chemistry (AREA)
  • Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
  • Analytical Chemistry (AREA)
  • General Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
  • Medicinal Chemistry (AREA)
  • Removal Of Floating Material (AREA)

Abstract

La présente invention concerne un dispositif et un procédé pour disperser du pétrole sur de l'eau. Ledit dispositif comprend une structure de gréement montée sur un navire, la structure de gréement incluant une structure de traverse avant comprenant au moins une buse pour asperger de l'eau pressurisée fournie par un moyen de pression situé sur le navire.
PCT/NO2019/050264 2018-12-03 2019-12-02 Dispositif et procédé pour disperser du pétrole sur de l'eau WO2020117066A1 (fr)

Applications Claiming Priority (2)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
US16/207,621 2018-12-03
US16/207,621 US10683626B2 (en) 2012-10-10 2018-12-03 Device and method for dispersing oil on water

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WO2020117066A1 true WO2020117066A1 (fr) 2020-06-11

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Citations (4)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
WO1981002693A1 (fr) * 1980-03-20 1981-10-01 Delavan Ltd Procede et appareil pour combattre la pollution dans l'eau
US5490940A (en) * 1994-04-08 1996-02-13 Exxon Production Research Company Method for forming mineral solids-oil floccules
US6193169B1 (en) * 1993-08-26 2001-02-27 Spraying Systems Deutschland Gmbh Rotating spray nozzle with controlled braking action
WO2014058324A1 (fr) * 2012-10-10 2014-04-17 Sinvent As Dispositif et procédé de dispersion de pétrole sur l'eau

Patent Citations (4)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
WO1981002693A1 (fr) * 1980-03-20 1981-10-01 Delavan Ltd Procede et appareil pour combattre la pollution dans l'eau
US6193169B1 (en) * 1993-08-26 2001-02-27 Spraying Systems Deutschland Gmbh Rotating spray nozzle with controlled braking action
US5490940A (en) * 1994-04-08 1996-02-13 Exxon Production Research Company Method for forming mineral solids-oil floccules
WO2014058324A1 (fr) * 2012-10-10 2014-04-17 Sinvent As Dispositif et procédé de dispersion de pétrole sur l'eau

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