WO2020114467A1 - 一种复合材料的固化装置及固化方法 - Google Patents

一种复合材料的固化装置及固化方法 Download PDF

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Publication number
WO2020114467A1
WO2020114467A1 PCT/CN2019/123417 CN2019123417W WO2020114467A1 WO 2020114467 A1 WO2020114467 A1 WO 2020114467A1 CN 2019123417 W CN2019123417 W CN 2019123417W WO 2020114467 A1 WO2020114467 A1 WO 2020114467A1
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WIPO (PCT)
Prior art keywords
microwave
composite material
vibration
vibrating
curing
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PCT/CN2019/123417
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English (en)
French (fr)
Inventor
湛利华
陈效平
关成龙
黄明辉
戴光明
杨晓波
肖瑜
吴欣桐
Original Assignee
中南大学
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Priority claimed from CN201811498241.8A external-priority patent/CN109367057B/zh
Priority claimed from CN201811497425.2A external-priority patent/CN109367055B/zh
Priority claimed from CN201811498243.7A external-priority patent/CN109367058B/zh
Priority claimed from CN201811498240.3A external-priority patent/CN109367056B/zh
Priority claimed from CN201811498244.1A external-priority patent/CN109367059B/zh
Application filed by 中南大学 filed Critical 中南大学
Publication of WO2020114467A1 publication Critical patent/WO2020114467A1/zh

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    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
    • B29C—SHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
    • B29C70/00—Shaping composites, i.e. plastics material comprising reinforcements, fillers or preformed parts, e.g. inserts
    • B29C70/04—Shaping composites, i.e. plastics material comprising reinforcements, fillers or preformed parts, e.g. inserts comprising reinforcements only, e.g. self-reinforcing plastics
    • B29C70/28—Shaping operations therefor
    • B29C70/54—Component parts, details or accessories; Auxiliary operations, e.g. feeding or storage of prepregs or SMC after impregnation or during ageing
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
    • B29C—SHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
    • B29C35/00—Heating, cooling or curing, e.g. crosslinking or vulcanising; Apparatus therefor
    • B29C35/02—Heating or curing, e.g. crosslinking or vulcanizing during moulding, e.g. in a mould
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
    • B29C—SHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
    • B29C35/00—Heating, cooling or curing, e.g. crosslinking or vulcanising; Apparatus therefor
    • B29C35/02—Heating or curing, e.g. crosslinking or vulcanizing during moulding, e.g. in a mould
    • B29C35/08—Heating or curing, e.g. crosslinking or vulcanizing during moulding, e.g. in a mould by wave energy or particle radiation
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
    • B29C—SHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
    • B29C70/00—Shaping composites, i.e. plastics material comprising reinforcements, fillers or preformed parts, e.g. inserts
    • B29C70/04—Shaping composites, i.e. plastics material comprising reinforcements, fillers or preformed parts, e.g. inserts comprising reinforcements only, e.g. self-reinforcing plastics
    • B29C70/28—Shaping operations therefor
    • B29C70/30—Shaping by lay-up, i.e. applying fibres, tape or broadsheet on a mould, former or core; Shaping by spray-up, i.e. spraying of fibres on a mould, former or core
    • B29C70/34—Shaping by lay-up, i.e. applying fibres, tape or broadsheet on a mould, former or core; Shaping by spray-up, i.e. spraying of fibres on a mould, former or core and shaping or impregnating by compression, i.e. combined with compressing after the lay-up operation

Definitions

  • the invention belongs to the field of composite material curing molding, and in particular relates to a composite material curing device and curing method.
  • high-pressure resin-based composite materials for aerospace molding mainly use the autoclave process, because the curing generally requires a relatively high temperature and curing pressure to eliminate bubbles generated by the resin matrix during the curing process, such as T800 carbon fiber reinforced epoxy
  • the resin prepreg is cured under the conditions of 180°C and 0.6MPa to avoid loose porosity and poor mechanical properties inside the cured product.
  • microwave has the advantages of selective heating, fast heating speed, uniform heating, strong penetration, and small thermal inertia
  • applying microwave technology to the field of composite material curing can significantly reduce curing time, reduce production costs, and obtain excellent product performance , With huge development potential.
  • the patents CN201610025303, CN201610027791, CN201610027866, CN201610030557, and CN201710214268 previously obtained by the inventor of this application all adopt the process of microwave combining with the autoclave to heat-press and cure the composite material. In this way, the composite material parts that are cured by hot pressing can obtain the required precise temperature field during the curing process.
  • the autoclave forming process has some shortcomings such as the high cost of autoclave equipment itself, low production efficiency, high energy consumption, high equipment manufacturing and operating costs, and high requirements for forming molds.
  • Non-autoclave forming technology is a low-cost composite material manufacturing technology.
  • the main difference between it and the autoclave forming process is that there is no need to apply external pressure during molding, and the expensive autoclave can be discarded. Only the oven and vacuum system are used. Therefore, the production cost of curing composite materials is low. This is superior to the autoclave molding process in terms of equipment molding and mold costs.
  • the porosity of composite parts molded by non-autoclave can be high.
  • the porosity of the main load-bearing structural parts of hot-pressed cans should be less than 1%, and the porosity of the secondary load-bearing structural parts should be less than 2%.
  • the porosity of its parts can be as high as 5% ⁇ 10%. Porosity is an important factor that affects the performance of composite materials. Therefore, reducing the porosity of the cured composite parts and reaching the porosity level of the composite parts cured by autoclave has become the research of non-autoclave forming technology. The primary task.
  • the present invention first provides a curing device for composite materials, including an electric heating element, a vibrating table, a microwave generator, a microwave cavity, a microwave partial shield and a vacuuming component.
  • the vibrating table is arranged in the microwave cavity; the vibrating table is used for A composite material is placed, the microwave generator sends microwaves into the microwave cavity for heating the composite material, the electric heating element is also used for heating the composite material, and the microwave partial shield is located in the microwave cavity And used to cover the outer surface of the composite material, the microwave local shield is composed of a microwave shielding area and a microwave transmission area, the microwave transmission area contains one or more slits so that the microwave energy in the microwave cavity from the slit It enters into the composite material and is absorbed by it; the evacuation component includes a vacuum bag and a vacuum tube, and is used to evacuate the gas generated during the curing process of the composite material in time; the vibration table can provide the composite material with vibration below 5000 Hz Vibration of frequency and vibration table that can provide vibration acceleration of more than 2
  • the electric heating element is arranged in the microwave cavity
  • the device further includes a heat preservation box, the microwave cavity is arranged in the heat preservation box, the electric heating element is arranged outside the microwave cavity and the heat preservation box, the microwave cavity contains one or more ventilation windows made of metal honeycomb panels or The ventilation wall is used to shield the microwave and make the air inside and outside the microwave cavity flow smoothly.
  • the curing device further includes a microwave power control module (12) and a control system (11).
  • the control system (11) provided outside the microwave cavity automatically controls the microwave power control module (12) And automatically adjust the opening and closing and/or power of the microwave generator (1).
  • the composite material is T800 carbon fiber reinforced epoxy resin prepreg
  • the vibration table is capable of providing the composite material with vibration at a vibration frequency below 2000 Hz and a vibration acceleration above 3 g. Vibrating shaker.
  • the vibrating table is a vibrating table capable of providing vibration of a vibration frequency of 10 Hz or more and vibration of a vibration acceleration of 50 g or less to the composite material.
  • the vibrating table is a vibrating table capable of providing vibration of a vibration frequency of 20 Hz or more and vibration of a vibration acceleration of 30 g or less to the composite material.
  • the vibrating table is a vibrating table that can provide the composite material with vibration of at least part of the vibration frequency of 30 to 1000 Hz and vibration of at least part of the vibration acceleration of 5 to 20 g.
  • a plurality of vibratory hammers are connected below the vibrating table (7), and each vibratory hammer is connected to a vibrating hydraulic oil pipe or a gas pipe (71) to be used together for the vibrating table and setting
  • the composite material on the vibration table provides random uninterrupted vibration in the vertical direction of acceleration.
  • the vibration hammer is evenly distributed under the vibration table.
  • the device further includes a temperature measurement component
  • the temperature measurement component includes a temperature measurement head (41), a data acquisition instrument (42), and a temperature measurement transmission line (43).
  • the head is set in the composite material inside the microwave partial shield, one end of the temperature measurement transmission line is connected to the temperature measurement head, and the other end is led out to the outside of the microwave cavity and connected to the data acquisition instrument.
  • the data acquisition instrument is used for timely The temperature measured by the temperature measuring head is displayed.
  • the area of the microwave transmission area accounts for less than 30%, preferably less than 15%, and more preferably less than 5% of the area of the entire microwave partial shield;
  • the aspect ratio of the gap is ⁇ 2:1, preferably ⁇ 5:1, more preferably ⁇ 10:1;
  • the length of the slit is ⁇ 20mm, preferably ⁇ 40mm, more preferably ⁇ 80mm, and the width of the slit is 1-30mm.
  • the power of the microwave generator is adjustable, preferably its power is linearly adjustable, the microwave generator is located at the top of the microwave cavity, and the microwave generator includes a wave-transmitting temperature-resistant plate (112) and a crack Antenna (113).
  • the vacuum bag is disposed outside the microwave partial shield, and an air-permeable felt (6) is also provided between the vacuum bag and the microwave partial shield for gas
  • the vacuuming component further includes a quick-connect joint (9) and a sealing tape (10).
  • the invention also provides a method for heating and curing a composite material in a composite energy field, including using a composite material curing device, the device comprising an electric heating element, a vibrating table, a microwave generator, a microwave cavity, a microwave partial shield and a vacuuming component ,
  • the vibration table is set in the microwave cavity; the vibration table is used to place the composite material, the microwave generator sends microwaves into the microwave cavity for heating the composite material, and the electric heating element is also used for The composite material supplies heat.
  • the microwave local shield is located in the microwave cavity and is used to cover the outer surface of the composite material.
  • the microwave local shield is composed of a microwave shielding area and a microwave-transmitting area.
  • the microwave-transmitting area Contains one or more gaps so that the microwave energy in the microwave cavity enters the composite material from the gap and is absorbed by it;
  • the evacuation component includes a vacuum bag and a vacuum tube, and is used to evacuate the gas generated during the curing process of the composite material in time
  • the vibrating table is a vibrating table that can provide vibrations with a vibration frequency below 5000 Hz and vibrations with a vibration acceleration of more than 2 g to the composite material;
  • the microwave generator and the microwave local shield allow the device to fix the composite material or Directional heating, the electric heating element causes the device to integrally heat the composite material, and the vibrating table provides a vertical vibration acceleration of 2 g or more for the curing of the composite material.
  • the electric heating element (222) is disposed in the microwave cavity (2).
  • the device further includes an insulation box (111), a microwave cavity (2) is provided in the insulation box, and the electric heating element (222) is provided outside the microwave cavity (2) and in the insulation box
  • the microwave cavity contains one or more ventilation windows or walls made of metal honeycomb panels, which is used to shield the microwave and make the inside and outside of the microwave cavity smooth.
  • the device further includes a microwave power control module (12) and a control system (11).
  • the control system (11) provided outside the microwave cavity is controlled automatically by the microwave power control module (12). Automatically adjust the opening and closing and/or power of the microwave generator (1); preferably, the control system (11) is also electrically connected to the electric heating element (222) to control the automatic opening and closing and/or heating of the electric heating element rate.
  • the pressure during curing of the composite material is 0.1 to 0.2 MPa.
  • the vibrating table is a vibrating table capable of providing vibration of a vibration frequency of less than 2000 Hz and vibration of an acceleration of 3 g or more to the composite material.
  • the vibrating table is a vibrating table capable of providing vibration of a vibration frequency of 10 Hz or more and vibration of a vibration acceleration of 50 g or less to the composite material.
  • the composite material provides vibration at vibration frequencies above 20 Hz and vibration tables capable of providing vibration acceleration below 30 g.
  • the vibrating table is a vibrating table that can provide the composite material with vibration of at least part of the vibration frequency of 30 to 1000 Hz and vibration of at least part of the vibration acceleration of 5 to 20 g.
  • a plurality of vibratory hammers are connected below the vibrating table (7), and each vibratory hammer is connected to a vibrating hydraulic oil pipe or a gas pipe (71) to be used together for the vibrating table and setting
  • the composite material on the vibration table provides random uninterrupted vibration in the vertical direction of acceleration.
  • the vibration hammer is evenly distributed under the vibration table.
  • the device further includes a temperature measurement component, and the temperature measurement component includes a temperature measurement head, a data acquisition instrument (42), and a temperature measurement transmission line (43).
  • the temperature measurement head is disposed at In the composite material inside the microwave partial shield, one end of the temperature measurement transmission line is connected to the temperature measurement head, and the other end is led out to the outside of the microwave cavity and connected to the data acquisition instrument, which is used to display the The temperature measured by the temperature measuring head, and the data acquisition instrument transmits the collected data to the control system (11).
  • the control system automatically adjusts the opening and closing and/or power of the microwave generator by automatically controlling the microwave power control module.
  • the power of the microwave generator is adjustable, preferably its power is linearly adjustable, the microwave generator is located on the top of the microwave cavity, and the microwave generator includes a wave-transmitting temperature-resistant plate and a slit antenna.
  • the vacuum bag is provided outside the microwave partial shield, and an air-permeable felt is also provided between the vacuum bag and the microwave partial shield for guiding the gas during vacuum evacuation. Including quick connector and sealing tape.
  • the present invention provides a multi-field coupled composite energy field such as an electrothermal energy field, a microwave energy field, and a vertical vibration acceleration field, so that the internal temperature field and degree of curing are uniform when the composite material is heated and cured.
  • a multi-field coupled composite energy field such as an electrothermal energy field, a microwave energy field, and a vertical vibration acceleration field
  • the device provided by the present invention uses an electric heating element as the main heating source to heat the composite material in its entirety, and uses microwave fixed-point or directional heating to assist in providing energy, so that the heating and curing of the composite material can be truly uniform everywhere.
  • the invention can realize the uniform distribution of the internal temperature of the composite material part and the synchronization of the internal and external curing of the part, thereby greatly reducing the probability of various defects such as delamination, deformation, cracking, residual stress and the like of the cured part.
  • the scrap rate caused by the uneven internal temperature is greatly reduced, which improves the production quality and production efficiency of the product.
  • the present invention truly realizes that the temperature field of thick composite materials and large composite materials of variable thickness is uniform, and the internal and external solidification is synchronized, which helps to solve the problem of collaborative manufacturing of the shape of the main bearing parts of large composite materials.
  • the invention can be used for producing aerospace parts with strict quality requirements, and has important practical significance for improving the production quality of aerospace parts.
  • the present invention is combined with computer automatic control technology, and the device provided by the present invention can be used to automatically cure the composite energy field of the composite material.
  • the curing device and curing method of the present invention can make the composite prepreg cure at atmospheric pressure to obtain a product with excellent performance.
  • FIG. 1 is a schematic structural view of the device of the present invention.
  • FIG. 2 is a schematic structural diagram of a device in another embodiment of the present invention.
  • microwave generator 1, microwave generator, 2, microwave cavity, 3, microwave local shield, 41, temperature measuring head, 42, data acquisition instrument, 43, temperature measurement transmission line, 5, vacuum bag, 6, breathable felt, 7, Shaking table, 71, hydraulic oil pipe or gas pipe for vibration, 8, vacuum tube, 9, quick-connect joint, 10, sealing tape, 11, control system, 12, microwave power control module, 111, insulation box, 222, electric heating parts, 112 , Transparent wave heat-resistant plate, 113, crack antenna, 01, composite material.
  • the vibration table is also called a vibration exciter or a vibration generator. It is a device that uses electric, electro-hydraulic, piezoelectric or other principles to obtain mechanical vibration. Achieve higher acceleration and higher operating frequency with a smaller table.
  • the vibration test is mainly divided into sinusoidal vibration and random vibration. Vibration table is suitable for laboratories and production lines of automobile parts, electronic components, components, medicine, food, furniture, gifts, ceramics, packaging and other industries to carry out related vibration tests on samples. Such as environmental acceptance test, quality qualification test, reliability qualification test, durability test, vibration simulation analysis, material property test, fatigue test, vibration prevention improvement, etc. Simulate the vibration environment suffered by a product during manufacturing, assembly, transportation, and use to assess the vibration resistance, reliability, and integrity of its structure.
  • the current use of the vibration table is mostly limited to artificially testing the life of the product.
  • the random vibration in the vertical direction generated by the vibration table is used in the curing process of the resin-based carbon fiber composite material, so that the composite material prepreg is cured into a qualified composite material part.
  • the curing principle in the present invention refers to the concrete vibrating principle. Specifically, when mixing concrete pouring components with a concrete mixer, the air bubbles must be eliminated and tamped to make the concrete densely combined and eliminate the phenomenon of concrete honeycomb pits to improve its strength and ensure the quality of the concrete components.
  • the process of eliminating air bubbles and tamping the concrete mentioned above is concrete vibrating.
  • the low-frequency vibration frequency is 25 ⁇ 50HZ; the intermediate frequency type is 83 ⁇ 133HZ; the high-frequency type is 167HZ or more.
  • the present invention is different from concrete vibrating.
  • the vibration frequency of the present invention is not limited to the frequency of concrete vibrating.
  • concrete vibrating belongs to cold curing, and the present invention belongs to thermal curing process.
  • the present invention uses more than 2g Vibration acceleration is the vertical downward vibration, and the direction of vibration acceleration in concrete vibration is generally disordered.
  • the present invention can also test the effect of the secondary vibration on the thermal curing of the composite material later.
  • the vibrating table in the present invention can use now mature technology, such as a commercially available "accelerated life tester", the vibrating table itself is dedicated to the accelerated destruction test of product life, and this vibrating table is used in the present invention Instead of the high pressure in the autoclave, the curing effect of the carbon fiber resin composite material is better.
  • the vibration acceleration during curing is preferably 2 to 50 g, and more preferably 5 to 30 g. That is, the vibration acceleration direction provided by the vibration table in the present invention is also the vertical direction.
  • Electric heating and vibrating table are used to perform vibration treatment on the composite material.
  • the composite material is kept at 80°C for 30 minutes after vibration treatment, the vibration is stopped, and the temperature is directly increased from 80°C to 180°C for thermal curing.
  • the electric and microwave heating composite thermal field heats and cures the composite material.
  • the composite thermal field of the composite material The heating rate is 3 ⁇ 5°C/min.
  • the composite material continues to be evacuated, and the ambient pressure of the composite material is still atmospheric pressure. After warming up to 180 °C and holding for 150min, the composite material is obtained after cooling with the furnace. Therefore, under vacuum conditions and ambient atmospheric pressure, the pressure on the composite material is 0.1-0.2Mpa.
  • the porosity of the obtained composite material part is 0.32 to 0.43%, and the interlayer shear strength of the obtained composite material part is 94.65 to 98.96 MPa.
  • the vibration environment of the vibration table is: three-axis six-degree-of-freedom super-Gaussian random vibration, its maximum acceleration is 75g, its vibration frequency is 10-5000 Hz, and its operating temperature range is -100°C ⁇ + 200°C.
  • the vibration platform uses an external air compressor as a power source, and continues to use a gas hammer to provide a stable vibration source for the vibration table. During the vibration process, the vibration is transmitted from the vibration table to the composite material in the vertical direction.
  • Electric heating and vibration table are used to perform vibration treatment on the composite material.
  • the temperature is increased from room temperature to 1.5°C/min to 135°C, and then the temperature is kept for 30min, the random vibration with the vibration frequency of 10-2000Hz, the vibration acceleration is 15g,
  • the composite material is evacuated and the ambient pressure of the composite material is atmospheric pressure.
  • the composite material is kept at 135°C for 20 minutes after vibration treatment, the vibration is stopped, and the temperature is directly increased from 135°C to 180°C for thermal curing, and the composite thermal field is heated and cured by electric heating and microwave heating.
  • the composite thermal field of the composite material The heating rate is 3 ⁇ 5°C/min.
  • the composite material continues to be evacuated, and the ambient pressure of the composite material is still atmospheric pressure. After warming up to 180 °C and holding for 150min, the composite material is obtained after cooling with the furnace.
  • the porosity of the obtained composite material part is 0.23 to 0.28%, and the interlayer shear strength of the obtained composite material part is 105.32 to 107.95 MPa.
  • Electric heating and microwave heating combined heat field is used to heat and solidify the composite material, and the vibration table simultaneously vibrates the composite material.
  • the temperature is increased from room temperature at 3 ⁇ 5°C/min to 180°C, and then the temperature is kept at 10min, and the vibration frequency is 10 -Random vibration of 2000Hz, vibration acceleration of 10g, vacuum treatment of the composite material during the vibration treatment process, the ambient pressure of the composite material is atmospheric pressure.
  • the vibration treatment of the composite material at 180°C for 10 minutes the vibration is stopped, and the temperature is kept at 180°C for 150 minutes.
  • the electric and microwave heating composite thermal field heats and solidifies the composite material.
  • the composite material continues to be evacuated and the composite material is located. The ambient pressure is still atmospheric. After the heat preservation is completed, the composite material parts are obtained after the furnace is cooled.
  • the porosity of the obtained composite material part is 0.16 to 0.22%, and the interlayer shear strength of the obtained composite material part is 109.74 to 116.33 MPa.
  • This comparative example uses a hot-pressing tank alone to perform high-temperature and high-pressure overall curing of the T800 composite material.
  • the curing pressure is 0.6 MPa.
  • the electric heating in the hot-pressing tank causes the temperature of the composite material to increase from room temperature to 1.5°C/min to 180°C, and to After 180°C, keep it warm for 150min, and then get the composite material after cooling in the furnace. Vacuum treatment of the composite material is carried out during the whole curing process.
  • the porosity of the obtained composite material part was 0.36%, and the interlayer shear strength of the obtained composite material part was 98.15Mpa.
  • This comparative example uses microwave alone to solidify the T800 composite material at high temperature.
  • the curing pressure is ambient pressure, that is, atmospheric pressure.
  • Microwave heating makes the temperature of the composite material increase from room temperature to 3 to 5 °C/min to 180 °C, and to 180 °C After holding for 150 minutes, the composite material is obtained after the furnace is cooled, and the composite material is vacuumed during the entire curing process.
  • the porosity of the obtained composite material part is 1.45 to 1.56%, and the interlayer shear strength of the obtained composite material part is 74.63 to 76.97 MPa.
  • the present invention has at least the following characteristics:
  • the present invention prepares composite parts with excellent performance under the condition of evacuation and no applied pressure, which reduces the curing pressure of the composite material, and the curing speed is accelerated to a certain extent, saving equipment costs and curing costs. It realizes the safe, uniform, efficient and energy-saving molding and curing of composite material parts.
  • the performance of the composite material part is better than that of the composite material part prepared by the standard procedure of autoclave curing.
  • the reason for analysis may be that when the composite material is cured at a high pressure of 0.6 MPa, although the pressure can effectively compact the composite prepreg layer, thereby improving the quality of the part, the pressure is gradually from the surface of the composite material. The internal and external pressure is different under the pressure, so the porosity of the cured product is relatively high and the pore distribution is uneven. Under the downward vibration acceleration in the present invention, the composite material is subjected to uniform vibration acceleration everywhere. It can also effectively compact the prepreg layer of the composite material, thereby improving the quality of the part and curing the resulting part The porosity can be lower and the pore distribution is more uniform.
  • the composite heating device and the vibration device are integrated, so that the composite material part can continue to be heated or insulated for thermal curing without cooling after vibration and heat treatment, and the product performance of the composite material part obtained by curing is more it is good.
  • microwave shielding materials areas that do not require special heating or curing in the composite material part are covered with microwave shielding materials, and areas that require special heating or curing are not covered with microwave shielding materials , Leaving one or more gaps, so that the microwave partial shield consists of a microwave shielding area and a microwave transmission area.
  • the microwave generator generates microwaves and enters and disperses them evenly in the microwave cavity, heating or curing the interior of the area where the composite material is not attached with the microwave shielding material (through the microwave area).
  • the areas where the microwave shielding material is attached to the composite material cannot enter the microwave, so these areas cannot absorb microwave energy, but can only receive the entire heating from the electric heating element 222.
  • the temperature of the composite material of the present invention can be made uniform throughout the curing process. Therefore, the composite energy field heating provided by the present invention allows microwaves to be specifically heated and cured for the local parts of the composite material. After studying the heating parameters of a specific shape, material and size of the composite material workpiece, combined use of electric heating The overall heating of the workpiece by the parts can make the heating and curing process uniform and controllable, thereby obtaining high-performance parts products. Or in the present invention, before the composite material is heated and solidified, a layer of strong wave absorbing material is provided on a part of the outer surface of the composite material to enhance the absorption of microwave energy at a part of the composite material. It can also play the role of microwave fixed-point heating and overall heating of electric heating parts.
  • the present invention is an improvement and innovation based on a series of patents or patent applications CN201610025303, CN201610027791, CN201610027866, CN201610030557, and CN201710214268. If there is a lack of detailed description in the present invention, you can refer to these patents or patent applications for implementation . That is to say, the present invention also introduces content including these patents or patent applications.
  • the shape of the heat preservation box may be any shape such as cube and cylinder.
  • the hot-pressing tank used for curing the T800 prepreg in the prior art needs to withstand pressure and the tank wall is thick.
  • the heat preservation box in the present invention only needs to provide one atmospheric pressure or a pressure slightly higher than atmospheric pressure, so its cost is much lower.
  • a fan for convection of hot gas is provided in the thermal insulation box other than the microwave cavity.
  • the vibrating table is connected to the bottom plate of the microwave cavity by using three or more coil springs. Preferably, at least four springs are provided at the four corners below the table surface of the vibrating table to support the vibrating table.

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Abstract

一种复合材料的固化装置和固化方法，该装置包括电热件（222）、振动台（7）、微波发生器（1）、微波腔（2）、微波局部屏蔽件（3）和抽真空部件，用于放置复合材料的振动台（7）设置在微波腔（2）内；微波发生器（1）和电热件（222）均用于为复合材料供热，微波局部屏蔽件（3）位于微波腔（2）内；振动台（7）为能向所述复合材料提供5000Hz以下振动频率的振动以及能提供2g以上振动加速度的振动的振动台；微波发生器（1）和微波局部屏蔽件（3）使得装置对复合材料进行定点或定向加热，电热件（222）使得装置对复合材料进行整体加热，振动台（7）为复合材料的固化提供2g以上的竖直方向的振动加速度。上述装置和方法可以使得复合材料在大气压下固化得到性能优良的制件。

Description

一种复合材料的固化装置及固化方法 技术领域
本发明属于复合材料固化成型领域，具体涉及一种复合材料的固化装置及固化方法。
背景技术
目前航空航天用高性能树脂基复合材料成型主要使用热压罐工艺，因为其固化时一般都需要比较高的温度和固化压力来消除固化过程中树脂基体所产生的气泡，例如T800碳纤维增强环氧树脂预浸料在180℃和0.6MPa的条件下固化，以避免固化后的制件内部疏松多孔和力学性能差。
传统热压罐固化工艺中，由于复合材料制件的几何尺寸、材料体系以及固化工艺参数的差异均会不同程度的引起制件内部温度和固化度的不均匀分布，导致制件产生复杂的内应力，严重影响复合材料制件的形性协同制造，尤其是对于固化厚截面制件，制件内部存在较大的温度梯度，因此产生的复杂的内应力会使制件产生分层和基体开裂等缺陷，甚至使制件在成型期间就遭到损坏。
因微波具有选择性加热、加热速度快、加热均匀、穿透性强、热惯性小等优点，将微波技术应用于复合材料固化领域，能显著减少固化时间，降低生产成本，获得优异的制品性能，具有巨大的发展潜力。如本申请的发明人在先取得的专利权CN201610025303、CN201610027791、CN201610027866、CN201610030557以及CN201710214268等都是采用微波结合热压罐的工艺对复合材料进行热压固化。以使得热压固化的复合材料制件在固化过程中能够获得精准所需的温度场。
但是上述复合材料固化过程中都还离不开热压罐的使用。而热压罐成型工艺存在热压罐设备本身价格昂贵，生产效率低、能耗高、设备制造和运行成本高、对成型模具要求高等一些缺点。另外，热压罐中的高压操作结合微波使用时，还存在一定的安全隐患。这已经成为制约复合材料广泛应用的一个瓶颈，低成本的非热压罐成型技术在这种背景下诞生。
非热压罐成型技术是一种低成本复合材料制造技术，其与热压罐成型工艺的主要区别是成型时不需要施加外压，抛弃造价昂贵的热压罐，仅仅采用烘箱与抽真空系统，因此复合材料固化的生产成本低廉。这在设备成型和模具成本方面都优于热压罐成型工艺。 但是，获得与热压罐成型工艺相同质量的复合材料固化制件，是非热压罐成型技术的主要目标。
然而，由于成型压力低，非热压罐成型的复合材料制件孔隙率较高。一般热压罐成型航空航天主承力结构件的孔隙率应低于1％，次承力结构件的孔隙率应低于2％，而传统的复合材料预浸料若采用非热压罐成型技术固化，其制件孔隙率可以高达5％～10％。孔隙是影响复合材料性能的重要因素，因此降低固化得到的复合材料制件的孔隙率并使其达到热压罐固化的复合材料制件的孔隙率水平，已成为非热压罐成型技术研究的首要任务。
也就是说，随着树脂材料固化工艺的不断发展，一些受力不大的非承力构件，人们已经开始用热压罐外固化工艺来制作。但是对于航空航天用的如T800碳纤维增强环氧树脂预浸料等复合材料，仅仅靠抽真空的固化压力远远不够，因固化压力不够，固化后制件内部就会产生空隙等缺陷，进而大大降低制件的力学性能。所以，对于航空航天用的先进树脂基碳纤维增强复合材料，使用目前已有的热压罐外固化技术还不能达到要求。
因此，为了节约成本和提高安全系数，在不使用热压罐对复合材料进行高压固化时，如果能使得航空航天用的高性能复合材料的孔隙率也能实现类似在热压罐中热压固化的效果，这是本领域技术人员需要解决的问题。因此，本领域技术人员需要开发相应的用于高性能树脂基碳纤维增强复合材料制件固化的装置和方法。
发明内容
本发明首先提供一种复合材料的固化装置，包括电热件、振动台、微波发生器、微波腔、微波局部屏蔽件和抽真空部件，所述振动台设置在微波腔内；振动台上用于放置复合材料，所述微波发生器向微波腔内发送微波用于为所述复合材料供热，所述电热件也用于为所述复合材料供热，所述微波局部屏蔽件位于微波腔内且用于覆盖在复合材料的外表面，所述微波局部屏蔽件由屏蔽微波区和透过微波区组成，所述透过微波区包含一条或多条缝隙使得微波腔内的微波能从缝隙处进入复合材料中而被其吸收；所述抽真空部件包括真空袋和真空管，且用于将复合材料固化过程中产生的气体及时抽出；所述振动台为能向所述复合材料提供5000Hz以下振动频率的振动以及能提供2g以上振动加速度的振动的振动台；
所述电热件设置在微波腔内；
或者所述装置还包括保温箱，微波腔设置在保温箱内，所述电热件设置在微波腔外和保温箱内，所述微波腔上含有一个或多个由金属蜂窝板构成的通风窗或通风墙，用于在屏蔽微波的同时可使得微波腔内外侧气流畅通。
在一种具体的实施方式中，所述固化装置还包括微波功率控制模块(12)和控制系统(11)，设置在微波腔外的控制系统(11)通过自动控制微波功率控制模块(12)而自动调节微波发生器(1)的启闭和/或功率大小。
在一种具体的实施方式中，所述复合材料为T800碳纤维增强环氧树脂预浸料，所述振动台为能向所述复合材料提供2000Hz以下振动频率的振动以及能提供3g以上振动加速度的振动的振动台。
在一种具体的实施方式中，所述振动台为能向所述复合材料提供10Hz以上振动频率的振动以及能提供50g以下振动加速度的振动的振动台。
在一种具体的实施方式中，所述振动台为能向所述复合材料提供20Hz以上振动频率的振动以及能提供30g以下振动加速度的振动的振动台。
在一种具体的实施方式中，所述振动台为能向所述复合材料提供30～1000Hz中至少部分振动频率的振动以及能提供5～20g中至少部分振动加速度的振动的振动台。
在一种具体的实施方式中，所述振动台(7)下方连接有多个振动锤，且每个振动锤均与振动用液压油管或气管(71)连接以共同用于为振动台和设置在振动台上的复合材料提供加速度竖直方向的随机不间断的振动，优选所述振动锤均匀分布在振动台下方。
在一种具体的实施方式中，所述装置还包括测温部件，且所述测温部件包含测温头(41)、数据采集仪(42)和测温传输线(43)，所述测温头设置在微波局部屏蔽件内侧的复合材料中，所述测温传输线一端与测温头连接，另一端引出至所述微波腔外侧与所述数据采集仪连接，所述数据采集仪用于及时显示所述测温头测得的温度。
在一种具体的实施方式中，所述透过微波区的面积占整个微波局部屏蔽件面积的30％以下，优选在15％以下，更优选在5％以下；所述缝隙的长宽比为≥2：1，优选≥5：1，更优选≥10：1；所述缝隙的长度为≥20mm，优选≥40mm，更优选≥80mm，且缝隙的宽度为1～30mm。
在一种具体的实施方式中，所述微波发生器的功率可调节，优选其功率线性可调，微波发生器位于微波腔顶部，所述微波发生器包括透波耐温板(112)和裂缝天线(113)。
在一种具体的实施方式中，所述真空袋设置在微波局部屏蔽件的外侧，且在所述真空袋和微波局部屏蔽件之间还设置有透气毡(6)用于抽真空时气体的导流，所述抽真空部件还包括快接接头(9)和密封胶带(10)。
本发明还提供一种复合能场加热固化复合材料的方法，包括使用一种复合材料固化装置，所述装置包括电热件、振动台、微波发生器、微波腔、微波局部屏蔽件和抽真空部件，所述振动台设置在微波腔内；振动台上用于放置复合材料，所述微波发生器向微波腔内发送微波用于为所述复合材料供热，所述电热件也用于为所述复合材料供热，所述微波局部屏蔽件位于微波腔内且用于覆盖在复合材料的外表面，所述微波局部屏蔽件由屏蔽微波区和透过微波区组成，所述透过微波区包含一条或多条缝隙使得微波腔内的微波能从缝隙处进入复合材料中而被其吸收；所述抽真空部件包括真空袋和真空管，且用于将复合材料固化过程中产生的气体及时抽出；所述振动台为能向所述复合材料提供5000Hz以下振动频率的振动以及能提供2g以上振动加速度的振动的振动台；所述微波发生器和微波局部屏蔽件使得装置对复合材料进行定点或定向加热，所述电热件使得装置对复合材料进行整体加热，所述振动台为复合材料的固化提供2g以上的竖直方向的振动加速度。
在一种具体的实施方式中，所述电热件(222)设置在微波腔(2)内。
在一种具体的实施方式中，所述装置还包括保温箱(111)，微波腔(2)设置在保温箱内，所述电热件(222)设置在微波腔(2)外和保温箱内，所述微波腔上含有一个或多个由金属蜂窝板构成的通风窗或通风墙，用于在屏蔽微波的同时可使得微波腔内外侧气流畅通。
在一种具体的实施方式中，所述装置还包括微波功率控制模块(12)和控制系统(11)，设置在微波腔外的控制系统(11)通过自动控制微波功率控制模块(12)而自动调节微波发生器(1)的启闭和/或功率大小；优选所述控制系统(11)还与所述电热件(222)电连接控制用于自动调节电热件的启闭和/或升温速率。
在一种具体的实施方式中，所述复合材料固化过程中的压力为0.1～0.2MPa。
在一种具体的实施方式中，所述振动台为能向所述复合材料提供2000Hz以下振动频率的振动以及能提供3g以上振动加速度的振动的振动台。
在一种具体的实施方式中，所述振动台为能向所述复合材料提供10Hz以上振动频率的振动以及能提供50g以下振动加速度的振动的振动台，优选所述振动台为能向所述复合材料提供20Hz以上振动频率的振动以及能提供30g以下振动加速度的振动的振动台。
在一种具体的实施方式中，所述振动台为能向所述复合材料提供30～1000Hz中至少部分振动频率的振动以及能提供5～20g中至少部分振动加速度的振动的振动台。
在一种具体的实施方式中，所述振动台(7)下方连接有多个振动锤，且每个振动锤均与振动用液压油管或气管(71)连接以共同用于为振动台和设置在振动台上的复合材料提供加速度竖直方向的随机不间断的振动，优选所述振动锤均匀分布在振动台下方。
在一种具体的实施方式中，所述装置还包括测温部件，且所述测温部件包含测温头、数据采集仪(42)和测温传输线(43)，所述测温头设置在微波局部屏蔽件内侧的复合材料中，所述测温传输线一端与测温头连接，另一端引出至所述微波腔外侧与所述数据采集仪连接，所述数据采集仪用于及时显示所述测温头测得的温度，且数据采集仪将采集的数据传输至控制系统(11)，控制系统通过自动控制微波功率控制模块而自动调节微波发生器的启闭和/或功率大小。
优选的，所述微波发生器的功率可调节，优选其功率线性可调，微波发生器位于微波腔顶部，所述微波发生器包括透波耐温板和裂缝天线。
优选的，所述真空袋设置在微波局部屏蔽件的外侧，且在所述真空袋和微波局部屏蔽件之间还设置有透气毡用于抽真空时气体的导流，所述抽真空部件还包括快接接头和密封胶带。
使用本发明提供的装置和方法，至少能带来如下有益效果：
1)本发明提供一种电热能场、微波能场和竖直方向的振动加速度场等多场耦合的复合能场，使得加热固化复合材料时其内部的温度场和固化度均匀。
2)本发明提供的装置中采用电热件作为主要加热源对复合材料进行整体加热，而使用微波定点或定向加热辅助提供能量，使得复合材料的加热固化能真正做到各处均匀一致。本发明能实现复合材料制件的内部温度均匀分布和制件的内外固化同步，从而大大减少固化后的制件发生分层、变形、开裂、残余应力等各种缺陷的概率，使制件因为内部温度不均匀而导致的报废率得到大幅降低，提高了产品的生产质量和生产效益。
3)本发明真正实现厚的复合材料和变厚度大型复合材料的温度场均匀，内外同步固化，有助于解决大型复合材料主承力制件形性协同制造难题。本发明可用于生产质量要求苛刻的航空航天制件，对提高航空航天制件的生产质量有着重要的实际意义。
4)在一种具体的实施例中，本发明结合计算机自动控制技术，使用本发明提供的装置可以对复合材料进行自动控制的复合能场固化。
总的来说，本发明所述固化装置和固化方法可以使得复合材料预浸料在大气压下固化得到性能优良的制件。
附图说明
图1是本发明所述装置的结构示意图。
图2是本发明另一实施方式中装置的结构示意图。
其中，1、微波发生器，2、微波腔，3、微波局部屏蔽件，41、测温头，42、数据采集仪，43、测温传输线，5、真空袋，6、透气毡，7、振动台，71、振动用液压油管或气管，8、真空管，9、快接接头，10、密封胶带，11、控制系统，12、微波功率控制模块，111、保温箱，222、电热件，112、透波耐温板，113、裂缝天线，01、复合材料。
具体实施方式
以下对本发明的实施例进行详细说明，但是本发明可以根据权利要求限定和覆盖的多种不同方式实施。
本领域技术人员知晓地：振动台又称振动激励器或振动发生器。它是一种利用电动、电液压、压电或其他原理获得机械振动的装置。以较小的台面实现较高的加速度和较高的工作频率。振动试验主要分为正弦振动和随机振动。振动台适用于汽车零部件、电子元器件、组件、医药、食品、家具、礼品、陶瓷、包装等行业实验室及生产线上对样品进行相关振动试验。如环境接收试验，品质鉴定试验，可靠性鉴定试验，耐久试验，振动模拟分析，材料特性试验，疲劳试验，振动防止改善等。模拟产品在制造、组装、运输及使用过程中所遭受的振动环境，以评定其结构的耐振性、可靠性和完好性。
也就是说，目前振动台的用途多限于人为加速地测试产品的寿命。
而本发明中利用振动台产生的竖直方向的随机振动，将其用于树脂基碳纤维复合材料的固化过程中，使得复合材料预浸料固化成合格的复合材料制件。本发明中的固化原理参照了混凝土振捣原理。具体的，用混凝土拌合机拌和好的混凝土浇筑构件时，须排除其中气泡，进行捣固，使混凝土密实结合，消除混凝土的蜂窝麻面等现象，以提高其强度，保证混凝土构件的质量。上述对混凝土消除气泡、进行捣固的过程即为混凝土振捣。低频式的振动频率为25～50HZ；中频式为83～133HZ；高频式为167HZ以上。
本发明与混凝土振捣不同的是，首先本发明的振动频率不限于混凝土振捣的频率，其次，混凝土振捣属于冷固化，而本发明属于热固化过程；另外，本发明中是利用2g以上振动加速度的垂直向下的振动，而混凝土振捣中振动加速度方向一般是无序的。
参照混凝土在初凝前1～4h左右进行的二次振捣，本发明后续也可以相应试验二次振动对复合材料热固化的效果。
本发明中的振动台可以使用现在已成熟的技术，如商购获取的“加速寿命测试仪”，该振动台本身专用于产品寿命的加速破坏测试，而本发明中将这样的振动台用于代替热压罐中的高压而使得碳纤维树脂复合材料的固化效果更优。
此外，重力加速度g的方向总是竖直向下的，本发明中所述振动台能提供2g以上的振动加速度，即固化过程中振动台提供的振动加速度为2g以上，g＝9.8m/s 2，优选固化时振动加速度为2～50g，更优选5～30g。也即本发明中振动台提供的振动加速度方向同样是竖直方向。
实施例1
使用本发明所述装置固化T800复合材料，
先电加热和振动台对复合材料做振动处理，温度由室温以1.5℃/min升温至80℃，之后保温30min，振动频率为10-2000Hz的随机振动，振动加速度为10g，g＝9.8m/s 2，振动处理过程中对复合材料抽真空处理，复合材料所处环境压力为大气压。
该复合材料在80℃保温30min的振动处理后，停止振动，直接由80℃升温到180℃进行热固化，电加热和微波加热复合热场对复合材料做升温固化处理，复合材料的复合热场升温速率为3～5℃/min，此阶段对复合材料继续抽真空处理，复合材料所处环境压力仍为大气压。升温至180℃后保温150min，随炉冷却后得到复合材料制件。因此，在抽真空条件下，以及环境大气压下，复合材料受到的压力为0.1-0.2Mpa。
所得复合材料制件的孔隙率为0.32～0.43％，所得复合材料制件的层间剪切强度为94.65～98.96Mpa。
本发明装置中，例如所述振动台的振动环境为：三轴六自由度超高斯随机振动，其最大加速度为75g，其振动频率为10～5000Hz，其工作的温度范围为-100℃～+200℃。振动平台利用外部空压机作为动力源，持续利用气锤为振动台提供稳定振源，振动过程中振动从振动台在竖直方向上传递至复合材料。
实施例2
使用本发明所述装置固化T800复合材料，
先电加热和振动台对复合材料做振动处理，温度由室温以1.5℃/min升温至135℃，之后保温30min，振动频率为10-2000Hz的随机振动，振动加速度为15g，振动处理过程中对复合材料抽真空处理，复合材料所处环境压力为大气压。
该复合材料在135℃保温20min的振动处理后，停止振动，直接由135℃升温到180℃进行热固化，电加热和微波加热复合热场对复合材料做升温固化处理，复合材料的复合热场升温速率为3～5℃/min，此阶段对复合材料继续抽真空处理，复合材料所处环境压力仍为大气压。升温至180℃后保温150min，随炉冷却后得到复合材料制件。
所得复合材料制件的孔隙率为0.23～0.28％，所得复合材料制件的层间剪切强度为105.32～107.95Mpa。
实施例3
使用本发明所述装置固化T800复合材料，
先电加热和微波加热复合热场对复合材料做升温固化处理，振动台同时对复合材料做振动处理，温度由室温以3～5℃/min升温至180℃，之后保温10min，振动频率为10-2000Hz的随机振动，振动加速度为10g，振动处理过程中对复合材料抽真空处理，复合材料所处环境压力为大气压。
该复合材料在180℃保温10min的振动处理后，停止振动，继续180℃保温150min，电加热和微波加热复合热场对复合材料保温固化，此阶段对复合材料继续抽真空处理，复合材料所处环境压力仍为大气压。保温结束后，随炉冷却后得到复合材料制件。
所得复合材料制件的孔隙率为0.16～0.22％，所得复合材料制件的层间剪切强度为109.74～116.33Mpa。
对比例1
本对比例为单独使用热压罐对T800复合材料进行高温高压整体固化，固化压力为0.6MPa，热压罐中电加热使得复合材料温度由室温以1.5℃/min升温至180℃，且升温至180℃后保温150min，随炉冷却后得到复合材料制件，整个固化过程中对复合材料进行抽真空处理。
所得复合材料制件的孔隙率为0.36％，所得复合材料制件的层间剪切强度为98.15Mpa。
对比例2
本对比例为单独使用微波对T800复合材料进行高温整体固化，固化压力为环境压力，即大气压，微波加热使得复合材料温度由室温以3～5℃/min升温至180℃，且升温至180℃后保温150min，随炉冷却后得到复合材料制件，整个固化过程中对复合材料进行抽真空处理。
所得复合材料制件的孔隙率为1.45～1.56％，所得复合材料制件的层间剪切强度为74.63～76.97Mpa。
由本发明实施例1～3以及对比例1和2的比较结果可知，本发明所述装置固化后得到的复合材料制件的性能完全可以跟热压罐固化这种标准固化流程相媲美。甚至在本发明优化振动时长、振动终点温度、振动频率和振动加速度之后，本发明提供的装置和方法中的复合材料固化效果还能显著优于热压罐固化。这使得本发明在解决“希望不再使用昂贵和不够安全的热压罐设备进行复合材料固化”问题的同时，还得到了意料之外的复合材料固化效果，固化后的制件产品性能甚至优于热压罐固化这种标准程序。
综上所述，本发明至少具备如下特点：
1、本发明在抽真空和不外加压力的情况下制备得到性能优异的复合材料制件，降低了复合材料固化成型压力，且固化速度得到了一定程度的加快，节约了设备成本和固化成本，实现了复合材料制件安全、均匀、高效、节能地成型固化。
2、本发明还可通过优化振动时长、振动终点温度、振动频率和振动加速度之后，使得复合材料制件的性能更优于热压罐固化这种标准程序制得的复合材料制件。分析原因，可能是复合材料例如在0.6MPa的高压条件固化时，虽然压力可以有效压实复合材料的预浸料铺层，从而提高制件的质量，但压力都是从复合材料的表面逐步向里传递，其表里受压不同，因而固化所得制件的孔隙率相对较高且孔隙分布不均。而在本发明中向下的振动加速度下，复合材料各处受到均匀一致的振动加速度，它同样可以有效压实复合材料的预浸料铺层，从而提高制件的质量，且固化所得制件的孔隙率可以更低且孔隙分布更为均匀。
3、本发明中将复合加热装置和振动装置一体化设置，使得复合材料制件在振动和加热处理后无需冷却即可继续升温或保温进行热固化，固化所得的复合材料制件的产品性能更好。
4、在一种具体的实施方式中，本发明中，将复合材料制件中不需要特别加热或者固化的区域用微波屏蔽材料进行覆盖，对需要特别加热或者固化的区域则不覆盖微波屏蔽材料，留一条或多条缝隙，使得所述微波局部屏蔽件由屏蔽微波区和透过微波区组成。微波发生器产生微波进入并均匀分散在微波腔中，对复合材料制件没有贴微波屏蔽材料的区域(透过微波区)内部进行加热或者固化。复合材料制件上贴了微波屏蔽材料的区域(屏蔽微波区)由于微波不能进入其中，所以这些区域吸收不到微波能量，而只能接收来自电热件222的整体加热。因此，通过微波定点加热和电热件整体加热的方式可使 得本发明的复合材料制件在固化过程中各处温度均匀。因此，本发明提供的复合能场加热使得微波可以针对复合材料制件的局部进行特别加热和固化，在将某种具体形状、材质和尺寸的复合材料工件的加热参数研究清楚后，结合使用电热件对工件进行整体加热，可使得加热固化过程整体均匀可控，从而得到高性能的制件产品。或者本发明中在复合材料加热固化前先在其外表面的部分面积处设置一层强吸波材料，增强复合材料上部分位置的微波能量吸收。同样可以起到微波定点加热和电热件整体加热的效果。
此外，本发明是在系列专利或专利申请CN201610025303、CN201610027791、CN201610027866、CN201610030557以及CN201710214268的基础上所做的改进和创新，若本发明中有存在描述不够细致之处，可参照这些专利或专利申请实施。也就是说，本发明还引入包含这些专利或专利申请的内容。
所述保温箱的形状可以是立方体和圆柱体等任意造型。现有技术中用于固化T800预浸料的热压罐需耐压，罐壁厚实。而本发明中的保温箱只需提供一个大气压或者略高于大气压的压力，所以其造价低得多。优选本发明中在微波腔以外的保温箱中设置有用于热气对流的风扇。所述振动台使用三根以上的螺旋弹簧连接在所述微波腔的底板上，优选至少在振动台的台面下方四角位置各设置有一根弹簧用于支撑振动台。
以上内容是结合具体的优选实施方式对本发明作的进一步详细说明，不能认定本发明的具体实施只局限于这些说明。对于本发明所属技术领域的普通技术人员来说，在不脱离本发明构思的前提下，还可以做出若干简单推演和替换，都应当视为属于本发明的保护范围。

Claims (20)

  1. 一种复合材料的固化装置，包括电热件(222)、振动台(7)、微波发生器(1)、微波腔(2)、微波局部屏蔽件(3)和抽真空部件，所述振动台(7)设置在微波腔(2)内；振动台上用于放置复合材料(01)，所述微波发生器向微波腔内发送微波用于为所述复合材料供热，所述电热件(222)也用于为所述复合材料供热，所述微波局部屏蔽件位于微波腔内且用于覆盖在复合材料的外表面，所述微波局部屏蔽件(3)由屏蔽微波区和透过微波区组成，所述透过微波区包含一条或多条缝隙使得微波腔内的微波能从缝隙处进入复合材料中而被其吸收；所述抽真空部件包括真空袋(5)和真空管(8)，且用于将复合材料固化过程中产生的气体及时抽出；所述振动台为能向所述复合材料提供5000Hz以下振动频率的振动以及能提供2g以上振动加速度的振动的振动台；
    所述电热件(222)设置在微波腔(2)内；
    或者所述装置还包括保温箱(111)，微波腔(2)设置在保温箱内，所述电热件(222)设置在微波腔(2)外和保温箱内，所述微波腔上含有一个或多个由金属蜂窝板构成的通风窗或通风墙，用于在屏蔽微波的同时可使得微波腔内外侧气流畅通。
  2. 根据权利要求1所述装置，其特征在于，所述固化装置还包括微波功率控制模块(12)和控制系统(11)，设置在微波腔外的控制系统(11)通过自动控制微波功率控制模块(12)而自动调节微波发生器(1)的启闭和/或功率大小。
  3. 根据权利要求1所述的装置，其特征在于，所述复合材料为T800碳纤维增强环氧树脂预浸料，所述振动台为能向所述复合材料提供2000Hz以下振动频率的振动以及能提供3g以上振动加速度的振动的振动台。
  4. 根据权利要求1所述的装置，其特征在于，所述振动台为能向所述复合材料提供10Hz以上振动频率的振动以及能提供50g以下振动加速度的振动的振动台。
  5. 根据权利要求4所述的装置，其特征在于，所述振动台为能向所述复合材料提供20Hz以上振动频率的振动以及能提供30g以下振动加速度的振动的振动台。
  6. 根据权利要求1～5中任意一项所述的装置，其特征在于，所述振动台为能向所述复合材料提供30～1000Hz中至少部分振动频率的振动以及能提供5～20g中至少部分振动加速度的振动的振动台。
  7. 根据权利要求1～6中任意一项所述的装置，其特征在于，所述振动台(7)下方连接有多个振动锤，且每个振动锤均与振动用液压油管或气管(71)连接以共同用于为 振动台和设置在振动台上的复合材料提供加速度竖直方向的随机不间断的振动，优选所述振动锤均匀分布在振动台下方。
  8. 根据权利要求1～6中任意一项所述的装置，其特征在于，所述装置还包括测温部件，且所述测温部件包含测温头(41)、数据采集仪(42)和测温传输线(43)，所述测温头设置在微波局部屏蔽件内侧的复合材料中，所述测温传输线一端与测温头连接，另一端引出至所述微波腔外侧与所述数据采集仪连接，所述数据采集仪用于及时显示所述测温头测得的温度。
  9. 根据权利要求1～7中任意一项所述的装置，其特征在于，所述透过微波区的面积占整个微波局部屏蔽件面积的30％以下，优选在15％以下，更优选在5％以下；所述缝隙的长宽比为≥2：1，优选≥5：1，更优选≥10：1；所述缝隙的长度为≥20mm，优选≥40mm，更优选≥80mm，且缝隙的宽度为1～30mm。
  10. 根据权利要求1～8中任意一项所述的装置，其特征在于，所述微波发生器的功率可调节，优选其功率线性可调，微波发生器位于微波腔顶部，所述微波发生器包括透波耐温板(112)和裂缝天线(113)。
  11. 根据权利要求1～9中任意一项所述的装置，其特征在于，所述真空袋设置在微波局部屏蔽件的外侧，且在所述真空袋和微波局部屏蔽件之间还设置有透气毡(6)用于抽真空时气体的导流，所述抽真空部件还包括快接接头(9)和密封胶带(10)。
  12. 一种复合能场加热固化复合材料的方法，包括使用一种复合材料固化装置，所述装置包括电热件(222)、振动台(7)、微波发生器(1)、微波腔(2)、微波局部屏蔽件(3)和抽真空部件，所述振动台(7)设置在微波腔(2)内；振动台上用于放置复合材料(01)，所述微波发生器向微波腔内发送微波用于为所述复合材料供热，所述电热件(222)也用于为所述复合材料供热，所述微波局部屏蔽件位于微波腔内且用于覆盖在复合材料的外表面，所述微波局部屏蔽件(3)由屏蔽微波区和透过微波区组成，所述透过微波区包含一条或多条缝隙使得微波腔内的微波能从缝隙处进入复合材料中而被其吸收；所述抽真空部件包括真空袋(5)和真空管(8)，且用于将复合材料固化过程中产生的气体及时抽出；所述振动台为能向所述复合材料提供5000Hz以下振动频率的振动以及能提供2g以上振动加速度的振动的振动台；所述微波发生器和微波局部屏蔽件使得装置对复合材料进行定点或定向加热，所述电热件使得装置对复合材料进行整体加热，所述振动台为复合材料的固化提供2g以上的竖直方向的振动加速度。
  13. 根据权利要求12所述的方法，其特征在于，所述电热件(222)设置在微波腔(2)内；或者所述装置还包括保温箱(111)，微波腔(2)设置在保温箱内，所述电热件(222)设置在微波腔(2)外和保温箱内，所述微波腔上含有一个或多个由金属蜂窝板构成的通风窗或通风墙，用于在屏蔽微波的同时可使得微波腔内外侧气流畅通。
  14. 根据权利要求12所述的方法，其特征在于，所述装置还包括微波功率控制模块(12)和控制系统(11)，设置在微波腔外的控制系统(11)通过自动控制微波功率控制模块(12)而自动调节微波发生器(1)的启闭和/或功率大小；优选所述控制系统(11)还与所述电热件(222)电连接控制用于自动调节电热件的启闭和/或升温速率。
  15. 根据权利要求12所述的方法，其特征在于，所述复合材料固化过程中的压力为0.1～0.2MPa。
  16. 根据权利要求12所述的方法，其特征在于，所述复合材料为T800碳纤维增强环氧树脂预浸料，所述振动台为能向所述复合材料提供2000Hz以下振动频率的振动以及能提供3g以上振动加速度的振动的振动台。
  17. 根据权利要求12所述的方法，其特征在于，所述振动台为能向所述复合材料提供10Hz以上振动频率的振动以及能提供50g以下振动加速度的振动的振动台，优选所述振动台为能向所述复合材料提供20Hz以上振动频率的振动以及能提供30g以下振动加速度的振动的振动台。
  18. 根据权利要求12所述的方法，其特征在于，所述振动台为能向所述复合材料提供30～1000Hz中至少部分振动频率的振动以及能提供5～20g中至少部分振动加速度的振动的振动台。
  19. 根据权利要求12所述的方法，其特征在于，所述振动台(7)下方连接有多个振动锤，且每个振动锤均与振动用液压油管或气管(71)连接以共同用于为振动台和设置在振动台上的复合材料提供加速度竖直方向的随机不间断的振动，优选所述振动锤均匀分布在振动台下方。
  20. 根据权利要求12所述的方法，其特征在于，所述装置还包括测温部件，且所述测温部件包含测温头、数据采集仪(42)和测温传输线(43)，所述测温头设置在微波局部屏蔽件内侧的复合材料中，所述测温传输线一端与测温头连接，另一端引出至所述微波腔外侧与所述数据采集仪连接，所述数据采集仪用于及时显示所述测温头测得的温度，且数据采集仪将采集的数据传输至控制系统(11)，控制系统通过自动控制微波功率控制模块而自动调节微波发生器的启闭和/或功率大小。
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