WO2020114261A1 - 一种热管式蒸汽发生器 - Google Patents

一种热管式蒸汽发生器 Download PDF

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Publication number
WO2020114261A1
WO2020114261A1 PCT/CN2019/120117 CN2019120117W WO2020114261A1 WO 2020114261 A1 WO2020114261 A1 WO 2020114261A1 CN 2019120117 W CN2019120117 W CN 2019120117W WO 2020114261 A1 WO2020114261 A1 WO 2020114261A1
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Prior art keywords
water
flue gas
boiler
heat pipe
collection chamber
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PCT/CN2019/120117
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English (en)
French (fr)
Inventor
蒋林
郭跃峰
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浙江力聚热水机有限公司
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Priority claimed from CN201822026395.9U external-priority patent/CN209801444U/zh
Priority claimed from CN201822026830.8U external-priority patent/CN209801445U/zh
Priority claimed from CN201811471705.6A external-priority patent/CN109578966A/zh
Application filed by 浙江力聚热水机有限公司 filed Critical 浙江力聚热水机有限公司
Publication of WO2020114261A1 publication Critical patent/WO2020114261A1/zh

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    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F22—STEAM GENERATION
    • F22B—METHODS OF STEAM GENERATION; STEAM BOILERS
    • F22B31/00—Modifications of boiler construction, or of tube systems, dependent on installation of combustion apparatus; Arrangements of dispositions of combustion apparatus
    • F22B31/08—Installation of heat-exchange apparatus or of means in boilers for heating air supplied for combustion

Definitions

  • the invention relates to a steam generating device, especially a heat pipe steam generator.
  • Steam generators on the market generally have problems such as high failure rate and short service life.
  • the main reasons for these two problems are the small water capacity of the steam generator, the difficulty of controlling the water level, and the frequent false signal interference causing false alarms of electrical appliances;
  • Traditional steam generators have high requirements on water quality, and it is easy to cause irreparable failures of steam generators due to scale problems.
  • Chinese Patent Publication No. CN 202149475U discloses a heat pipe steam generator, which includes a steam generation chamber and a combustion chamber.
  • the steam generation chamber is provided with a heat pipe, and the heated end of the heat pipe extends into the combustion chamber.
  • the application has the following problems: In order to prevent dry burning in the combustion chamber, although the application uses anti-dry burning sensors to monitor and feed back the water level in the steam generation chamber to the central controller, the water level control process is more complicated; the application is prevented by anti-scale magnesium rods Scale is formed in the steam generation room, but the role of installing magnesium rods is mainly used to prevent corrosion, and the effect of removing scale is not obvious.
  • the purpose of the present invention is to solve the problems of difficult water level control of traditional heat pipe steam generator, easy to produce scale, high NO X content in the exhaust gas and large volume of heat pipe steam generator, providing a heat pipe steam generator .
  • the present invention adopts the following technical solutions:
  • a heat pipe steam generator includes a boiler, a generator, and a burner, the combustion end of the burner extends into the furnace of the boiler, the boiler is connected to the generator, and the generator is provided with Heat pipe, a primary side channel is formed outside the heat pipe, a secondary side channel is formed inside the heat tube, the medium in the primary side channel exchanges heat with the medium in the secondary side channel, the boiler and the generating
  • the primary side channel of the device is connected to form a primary side circulation circuit, the primary side circulation circuit is closed, and the lowest liquid level of the primary side channel is higher than the highest liquid level of the boiler.
  • the boiler includes a steam outlet and a water inlet
  • the generator includes a primary side inlet, a primary side outlet, a secondary side inlet, and a secondary side outlet
  • the steam outlet is connected to the primary side of the generator through a steam pipe.
  • the side inlet communicates, the primary side outlet communicates with the water inlet through a condenser tube, and the secondary side inlet communicates with the secondary side outlet through the heat pipe.
  • one side of the furnace chamber is a furnace body, a first water collection chamber is provided below the furnace body, the first water collection chamber communicates with the boiler water inlet, and a Two water collecting chambers, the second water collecting chamber communicates with the steam outlet of the boiler.
  • the furnace body is provided with a heat exchange pipe, the first water collection chamber communicates with the second water collection chamber through the heat exchange pipe, and the furnace body is also provided with a first flue gas outlet, high temperature The flue gas is discharged from the first flue gas outlet after passing through the heat exchange pipe.
  • a heat exchange sleeve is provided in the furnace body, the heat exchange sleeve is composed of an inner tube and an outer tube, the inner tube is a flue gas waste heat passage, and between the inner tube and the outer tube is In the water flow channel, the flue gas waste heat channel communicates with the tail of the furnace body, and the high-temperature flue gas in the furnace body and the flue gas in the flue gas waste heat channel jointly heat the water in the water flow channel.
  • a first smoke collection chamber is provided below the first water collection chamber, and the tail portion of the furnace body communicates with the first smoke collection chamber. After the high temperature flue gas passes through the heat exchange sleeve, the The tail of the furnace body enters the first smoke collection chamber, and a second smoke collection chamber is provided above the second water collection chamber, and the first smoke collection chamber communicates with the second collection chamber through the flue gas waste heat passage The smoke chamber is connected.
  • the second smoke collection chamber is provided with a second flue gas outlet, and the flue gas is discharged from the second flue gas outlet after the heat exchange of the inner tube is completed.
  • first water collection chamber communicates with the second water collection chamber through the water flow channel.
  • the generator is one or more, and the controller controls the outlet pressure of each generator.
  • the material of the heat pipe is stainless steel or titanium alloy.
  • the sealing according to the present invention may be vacuum sealing or positive pressure sealing.
  • the present invention has the following beneficial effects:
  • the primary side circulating water is always the same water.
  • the physical changes of evaporation and condensation will occur, the water quality will not change, the boiler will not scale, and extend the service life of the boiler;
  • FIG. 1 is a structural diagram of a heat pipe steam generator according to Embodiment 1 of the present invention.
  • Figure 2 is a structural diagram of the furnace chamber and the pipeline in the furnace body of Figure 1;
  • FIG. 3 is a structural diagram of a plurality of generators according to Embodiment 1 of the present invention.
  • FIG. 4 is a structural diagram of a heat pipe steam generator according to Embodiment 2 of the present invention.
  • Fig. 5 is a structural diagram of the bushing in the furnace and furnace body of Fig. 4;
  • FIG. 6 is a structural diagram of a plurality of generators according to Embodiment 2 of the present invention.
  • This embodiment provides a heat pipe steam generator. As shown in FIG. 1, it includes a boiler 1, a generator 2, and a burner 3. The combustion end of the burner 3 extends into the furnace 11 of the boiler 1, the boiler 1 and the generator 2 is connected, a heat pipe 21 is provided inside the generator 2, a primary side channel is formed outside the heat pipe 21, a secondary side channel is formed inside the heat pipe 21, and the medium in the primary side channel exchanges heat with the medium in the secondary side channel.
  • the primary side channel of the boiler 1 and the generator 2 are connected to form a primary side circulation circuit, and the primary side circulation circuit is vacuum-tight. The lowest liquid level of the primary side channel is higher than the highest liquid level of the boiler 1.
  • the height difference between the liquid level in the primary channel and the liquid level of the boiler 1 is used to ensure that the aqueous solution in the generator 2 can still return to the boiler 1 without the power of the pump in the primary circulation circuit.
  • the primary side circulation circuit is not provided with a circulation pump, which can prevent external oxidation gas from being sucked into the circulation circuit through the circulation pump.
  • the primary side circulation circuit is not provided with a circulating water pump, so the entry of oxidizing gas can be completely avoided, and the vacuum degree of the primary side circulation circuit can be ensured, thereby preventing the oxidative gas from causing oxidative corrosion to the boiler 1 To extend the service life of boiler 1.
  • the medium outside the heat pipe 21 is water formed by the water in the boiler 1 or a composite solution mainly composed of water.
  • the medium in the heat pipe 21 is water without any requirements, which may be clean distilled water or ground water with high hardness.
  • the medium in the primary side channel is isolated from the medium in the secondary side channel while exchanging heat.
  • the medium in the primary side channel indirectly transfers the heat released by the burner 3 to the medium in the secondary side channel.
  • the boiler 1 includes a steam outlet 12 and a water inlet 13, and the generator 2 includes a primary inlet 22, a primary outlet 23, a secondary inlet 24, and a secondary outlet 25.
  • the steam outlet 12 communicates with the primary side inlet 22 of the generator 2 through the steam pipe 4, the primary side outlet 23 communicates with the water inlet 13 through the condenser pipe 5, and the secondary side inlet 24 communicates with the secondary side outlet 25 through the heat pipe 21.
  • One side of the furnace chamber 11 is a furnace body 120, and a first water collection chamber 16 is provided below the furnace body 120, and the first water collection chamber 16 communicates with the water inlet 13 of the boiler 1.
  • a second water collection chamber 17 is provided above the furnace body 120, and the second water collection chamber 17 communicates with the steam outlet 12 of the boiler 1. The condensed water returns to the first water collection chamber 16 through the water inlet 13, the first water collection chamber 16 communicates with the second water collection chamber 17, and the second water collection chamber 17 communicates with the steam outlet 12.
  • the furnace body 120 is further provided with a heat exchange pipe 143, and the first water collecting chamber 16 communicates with the second water collecting chamber 17 through the heat exchange pipe 143.
  • a first flue gas outlet 6 is also provided in the furnace body 120, and high-temperature flue gas is discharged from the first flue gas outlet 6 after passing through the heat exchange pipe 143.
  • the circulation process of the primary side circulation circuit is as follows: the water in the water collection chamber is heated by the burner 3 to become steam, and the steam enters the generator through the steam outlet 12, the steam pipe 4, and the primary inlet 22 in the second water collection chamber 17 2 within.
  • the steam condenses after releasing heat in the generator 2.
  • the condensed water returns to the first water collecting chamber 16 in the boiler 1 through the primary side outlet 23, the condenser pipe 5, and the water inlet 13.
  • the first water collection chamber 16 communicates with the second water collection chamber 17.
  • the water collection chamber absorbs the heat released by the burner 3 to become water vapor again, and then repeats the above-mentioned cycle process continuously.
  • the flow process of the medium in the heat pipe 21 is as follows: the secondary side fluid enters the heat pipe 21 from the secondary side inlet 24 of the generator 2, absorbs the heat of the primary water vapor (latent heat + sensible heat), and becomes steam, and the steam passes through the secondary side outlet 25 discharge.
  • the water in the primary circulation circuit is always the same water.
  • the physical changes of evaporation and condensation will not change the water quality. Therefore, irreparable faults such as scale formation will not occur outside the heat pipe 21 in the boiler 1 and the generator 2.
  • the water in the heat pipe 21 will not affect the design life of the boiler 1 even if scale is generated. Simply disassemble the heat pipe 21 and perform simple cleaning and maintenance on the heat pipe 21, the heat pipe 21 can recover the heat exchange efficiency at the time of design.
  • the generator 2 uses a heat pipe 21 structure, the water capacity is small, and there is no risk of explosion.
  • the liquid level is not controlled by the water level, because the primary water is installed before the generator 2 is used for the first time, the water will not increase or decrease during the use, and the actual operation does not require water level control. It is only necessary to have water leakage protection for the primary side circulation circuit. The lack of water on the secondary side poses no safety hazard to the generator 2, reducing the requirements on the water level on the secondary side and reducing the failure rate.
  • the burner is a premix burner Embodiment 3, a uniform fuel ratio of the mixed gas in the burner 3.
  • the flame temperature has a lot of NO X generated when mixed gas combustion, reducing the flame temperature of the mixed gas combustion process by providing a cooling duct 11 in the furnace 141, thereby suppressing the generation of NOx.
  • a cooling pipe 141 and a flame stabilizing pipe 142 are provided in the furnace chamber 11 in this order.
  • a first pipe gap 1411 is formed between the cooling pipes 141, and a second pipe gap 1421 is formed between the flame stabilizing pipes 142.
  • the combustion gas passes through the first duct slit 1411 and the second duct slit 1421 to form an overall flame.
  • the water in the cooling pipe 141 and the flame stabilizing pipe 142 absorbs the flame heat, effectively reduces the flame temperature, and can effectively suppress the NOx content generated during the combustion of the mixed gas.
  • the pressure of the combustion gas in the furnace 11 when flowing out of the first pipe slot 1411 is P1
  • P2 is less than P1
  • P1 the pressure when it flows out of the second pipe slot 1421
  • P2 is less than P1
  • the negative pressure can re-ignite unburned gas, so the flame-stabilizing duct 142 in the furnace 11 has a stable combustion effect.
  • the combustion gas coming out of the second pipe gap 1421 enters the furnace body 120 to form high-temperature flue gas, and the high-temperature flue gas further exchanges heat with the heat exchange tube 143 in the furnace body 120. After the high-temperature flue gas heat exchange is completed, it is discharged from the first flue gas outlet 6, and the discharged flue gas contains low NOx.
  • This embodiment provides a heat pipe steam generator, as shown in FIG. 4 and FIG. 5.
  • the difference between this embodiment and the first embodiment is that the furnace body 120 is provided with a heat exchange sleeve 153 and the boiler 1 is provided with a smoke collection chamber.
  • the heat exchange sleeve 153 is composed of an inner tube 154 and an outer tube 155.
  • the inner tube 154 is a flue gas waste heat channel
  • the inner tube 154 and the outer tube 155 are water flow channels
  • the flue gas waste heat channel communicates with the rear of the furnace body 120.
  • the high-temperature flue gas in the furnace body 120 and the flue gas in the flue gas waste heat channel jointly heat the water in the water flow channel, and make full use of the residual heat in the flue gas to ensure the evaporation of the aqueous solution in the boiler 1.
  • the lower end of the outer tube 155 is the first water collection chamber 16 and the upper end is the second water collection chamber 17.
  • a first smoke collection chamber 18 is provided below the first water collection chamber 16.
  • the tail of the furnace body 120 communicates with the first smoke collection chamber 18. After the high temperature flue gas passes through the heat exchange sleeve 153, it enters from the tail of the furnace body 120 The first set of smoke chamber 18.
  • a second smoke collection chamber 19 is provided above the second water collection chamber 17, and the first smoke collection chamber 18 communicates with the second smoke collection chamber 19 through a flue gas waste heat passage.
  • the second smoke collecting chamber 19 is provided with a second flue gas outlet 7, and the flue gas is discharged from the second flue gas outlet 7 after the heat exchange of the inner tube 154 is completed.
  • the flue gas discharge process is as follows: the mixed gas is combusted in the furnace 11, and the high-temperature flue gas generated by the combustion gas enters the furnace body 120 and flows toward the rear of the furnace body 120.
  • the high-temperature flue gas enters the first smoke collecting chamber 18 from the rear of the furnace body 120, then enters the second smoke collecting chamber 19 through the inner tube 154, and is finally discharged through the second flue gas outlet 7.
  • the first water collection chamber 16 communicates with the second water collection chamber 17 through a water flow channel.
  • the condensed water of the generator 2 returns to the first water collection chamber 16, the water flows through the water flow channel into the second water collection chamber 17, and the water vapor in the second water collection chamber 17 enters the generator 2.
  • the water flow channel in the boiler 1 wraps the flue gas waste heat channel to maximize the heat exchange efficiency between flue gas and water.
  • the small-capacity boiler 1 often has insufficient evaporation of the aqueous solution due to insufficient heat exchange area.
  • the exhausted flue gas heat is reused, the flue gas enters the heat exchange sleeve 153 and exchanges heat with the aqueous solution, and then is discharged.
  • the heat exchange sleeve 153 increases the heat exchange area of the aqueous solution to ensure that a large amount of evaporation can be generated even when there is little aqueous solution. Therefore, after the heat exchange sleeve 153 is adopted, the water capacity in the boiler 1 can be reduced to below 30L, without explosion risk, and safe and stable.
  • Flue gas to reduce NO X in the present embodiment the burner is a premix burner Embodiment 3, a uniform fuel ratio of the mixed gas in the burner 3.
  • the combustion temperature of the mixed gas to generate NO X has a lot, 151 reduce the temperature of the mixed gas combustion flame process by cooling sleeve 11 disposed within the furnace, thereby inhibiting the mixed gas of NOx generated during combustion.
  • the pipeline in the furnace 11 described in this embodiment may be the same as or different from the first embodiment.
  • the pipeline in the furnace 11 is also provided in the form of a sleeve to increase the heat exchange effect. As shown in FIG.
  • a cooling sleeve 151 and a flame stabilizing sleeve 152 are sequentially arranged in the furnace 11, wherein the internal structures of the cooling sleeve 151 and the flame stabilizing sleeve 152 are the same as the heat exchange sleeve 153.
  • a first casing gap 1511 is formed between the cooling sleeves 151, and a second casing gap 1521 is formed between the flame stabilizing sleeves 152.
  • the gas volume increases to form an overall flame.
  • the water in the cooling sleeve 151 and the flame stabilizing sleeve 152 absorbs the flame heat, reduces the flame temperature, and suppresses mixing NOx content generated during gas combustion.
  • the pressure of the combustion gas flowing out of the first casing gap 1511 is P1
  • the pressure of the combustion gas flowing out of the second casing gap 1521 is P2.
  • P2 is less than P1, that is, the side of the flame stabilizing sleeve 152 outflow forms a negative Pressure, the unburned gas can be re-ignited, so the flame stabilizing sleeve 152 has the function of stabilizing combustion.
  • the combustion gas coming out of the second sleeve gap 1521 enters the furnace body 120 to form high-temperature flue gas.
  • the high-temperature flue gas exchanges heat with the water flow in the heat exchange sleeve 153. After the high-temperature flue gas heat exchange is completed, it is discharged from the second flue gas outlet 7 and the discharged flue gas contains low NOx.
  • the heat pipe steam generator further includes a controller, the generator 2 is one or more, and the controller controls the outlet pressure of each generator 2.
  • Multiple generators 2 are connected in parallel, as shown in FIGS. 3 and 6.
  • a first pressure sensor is provided at the outlet end of each generator 2, and a second pressure sensor is provided at the user end.
  • the controller adjusts the pressure value of the first pressure sensor according to the combustion load of the primary side circulation circuit.
  • a pressure reducing device is provided between the first pressure sensor and the second pressure sensor. The controller controls the pressure reducing device to reduce the pressure value of the first pressure sensor to the pressure value required by the user. 2. Pressure sensor monitoring.
  • the material of the heat pipe 21 may be stainless steel or titanium alloy, and the materials in the generator 2 that are in direct contact with the secondary side medium are made of stainless steel or titanium alloy.
  • the materials in the steam generator are easy to corrode and pollute the generated steam.
  • Stainless steel or titanium alloy is not rusty and corrosion resistant, and the steam delivered by the generator 2 is clean.
  • the heat pipe steam generator has a compact structure, a small volume, a small water capacity, no explosion risk, and has higher heat exchange efficiency and lower
  • the nitrogen oxide emissions have great market promotion potential.

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Abstract

一种热管式蒸汽发生器，包括锅炉（1）、发生器（2）、燃烧器（3），燃烧器（3）的燃烧端伸进锅炉的炉膛（11）内，锅炉（1）与发生器（2）相连，发生器（2）内设有热管（21），热管（21）外形成一次侧通道，热管（21）内形成二次侧通道，一次侧通道内的介质与二次侧通道内的介质进行热量交换，锅炉（1）与发生器（2）的一次侧通道连接形成一次侧循环回路，一次侧循环回路真空密闭，一次侧通道的最低液面高度高于锅炉（1）的最高液面高度，利用一次侧通道内液面与锅炉（1）液面之间的高差，保证在一次侧循环回路中，发生器内（2）的水溶液能够在没有水泵提供动力的情况下，仍可以回到锅炉（1）内，从而避免外界氧化气体吸入一次侧水循环回路，延长锅炉（1）的使用寿命。

Description

一种热管式蒸汽发生器 技术领域
本发明涉及蒸汽发生装置，特别是一种热管式蒸汽发生器。
背景技术
市场上的蒸汽发生器普遍存在故障率高、使用寿命短等问题，而引起这两个问题的主要原因为蒸汽发生器水容量小，水位很难控制稳定，频繁假信号干扰造成电器误报警；传统蒸汽发生器对水质要求高、容易因为水垢问题引起蒸汽发生器产生不可修复的故障。
例如公开号为CN 202149475U的中国专利公布了一种热管式蒸汽发生器，包括蒸汽发生室、燃烧室，其中，蒸汽发生室内设有热管，热管的受热端伸入燃烧室内。该申请存在以下问题：为了防止燃烧室干烧，该申请虽然采用防干烧传感器监测并向中央控制器反馈蒸汽发生室内的水位情况，但是水位控制过程较为复杂；该申请通过防垢镁棒防止蒸汽发生室内形成水垢，但是安装镁棒的作用主要用来防腐蚀，除水垢的效果并不明显，因此该申请蒸汽发生器仍存在水垢问题，水垢将缩短设备使用寿命；该申请对排放的烟气没有进行处理，导致排放烟气无法达到低氮标准；该申请中热管式蒸汽发生器的体积较大，内部结构较为复杂，难以在市面上推广。
发明内容
本发明的目的是为了解决传统热管式蒸汽发生器水位控制难、易产生水垢、排放烟气中NO X含量高以及热管式蒸汽发生器体积较大的问题，提供了一种热管式蒸汽发生器。
为实现上述技术目的，本发明采用以下技术方案：
一种热管式蒸汽发生器，包括锅炉、发生器、燃烧器，所述燃烧器的燃烧端伸进所述锅炉的炉膛内，所述锅炉与所述发生器相连，所述发生器内设有热管，所述热管外形成一次侧通道，所述热管内形成二次侧通道，所述一次侧通道内的介质与所述二次侧通道内的介质进行热量交换，所述锅炉与所述发生器的一次侧通道连接形成一次侧循环回路，所述一次侧循环回路密闭，所述一次侧通道的最低液面高度高于所述锅炉的最高液面高度。
进一步地，所述锅炉包括蒸汽出口和进水口，所述发生器包括一次侧进口，一次侧出口、二次侧进口和二次侧出口，所述蒸汽出口通过蒸汽管与所述发生器的一次侧进口连通，所述一次侧出口通过冷凝管与所述进水口连通，所述二次侧进口通过所述热管与所述二次侧出口连通。
进一步地，所述炉膛的一侧为炉体，所述炉体的下方设有第一集水室，所述第一集水室连通所述锅炉的进水口，所述炉体上方设有第二集水室，所述第二集水室连通所述锅炉的蒸汽出口。
进一步地，所述炉体内设有换热管道，所述第一集水室通过所述 换热管道与所述第二集水室连通，所述炉体内还设有第一烟气出口，高温烟气通过所述换热管道后从所述第一烟气出口排出。
进一步地，所述炉体内设有换热套管，所述换热套管由内管与外管构成，所述内管为烟气余热通道，所述内管与所述外管之间为水流通道，所述烟气余热通道与所述炉体尾部连通，所述炉体内的高温烟气与烟气余热通道内的烟气共同加热水流通道内的水。
进一步地，所述第一集水室的下方设有第一集烟室，所述炉体的尾部与所述第一集烟室连通，高温烟气穿过所述换热套管后，由炉体的尾部进入所述第一集烟室，所述第二集水室的上方设有第二集烟室，所述第一集烟室通过所述烟气余热通道与所述第二集烟室连通。
进一步地，所述第二集烟室设有第二烟气出口，烟气在所述内管换热完成后从所述第二烟气出口排出。
进一步地，所述第一集水室通过所述水流通道与所述第二集水室连通。
进一步地，还包括控制器，所述发生器为一个或多个，控制器控制每个所述发生器的出口压力。
进一步地，所述热管材质为不锈钢或钛合金。
本发明所述的密闭可以是真空密闭或者正压密闭。
相比于现有技术，本发明具有以下有益效果：
一、利用一次侧通道内液面与锅炉液面之间的高差，保证在一次侧循环回路中，发生器内的水溶液能够在没有水泵提供动力的情况下，仍可以回到锅炉内，从而避免外界氧化气体吸入一次侧水循环回路， 延长锅炉的使用寿命；同时，通过将一次侧循环设置为密闭，一次侧循环水在使用过程中不会增加也不会减少，无需进行水位控制；
二、一次侧循环水始终是同一个水在发生蒸发冷凝物理变化，水质不会发生任何变化，锅炉内不会结垢，延长锅炉使用寿命；
三、对燃烧气体首先进行降温处理，能有效减少混合气体燃烧后生成的NOx含量；
四、通过将锅炉与发生器集成一体设置，能够减小热管式蒸汽发生器的体积，并且减小水容量，因此无爆炸风险。
附图说明
图1为本发明实施例一的热管式蒸汽发生器结构图；
图2为图1炉膛与炉体内管道结构图；
图3为本发明实施例一含有多个发生器结构图；
图4为本发明实施例二的热管式蒸汽发生器结构图；
图5为图4炉膛与炉体内套管结构图；
图6为本发明实施例二含有多个发生器结构图。
图中：1-锅炉，11-炉膛，12-蒸汽出口，13-进水口，120-炉体，141-降温管道，1411-第一管道缝隙，142-稳焰管道，1421-第二管道缝隙，143-换热管道，151-降温套管，1511-第一套管缝隙，152-稳焰套管，1521-第二套管缝隙，153-换热套管，154-内管，155-外管，16-第一集水室，17-第二集水室，18-第一集烟室，19-第二集烟室， 2-发生器，21-热管，22-一次侧进口，23-一次侧出口，24-二次侧进口，25-二次侧出口，3-燃烧器，4-蒸汽管，5-冷凝管，6-第一烟气出口，7-第二烟气出口。
具体实施方式
下面通过具体实施例对本发明的技术方案作进一步描述说明。
实施例一
本实施例提供一种热管式蒸汽发生器，如图1所示，包括锅炉1、发生器2、燃烧器3，燃烧器3的燃烧端伸进锅炉1的炉膛11内，锅炉1与发生器2相连，发生器2内设有热管21，热管21外形成一次侧通道，热管21内形成二次侧通道，一次侧通道内的介质与二次侧通道内的介质进行热量交换。锅炉1与发生器2的一次侧通道连接形成一次侧循环回路，一次侧循环回路真空密闭。一次侧通道的最低液面高度高于锅炉1的最高液面高度。
利用一次侧通道内液面与锅炉1液面之间的高差，保证在一次侧循环回路中，发生器2内的水溶液能够在没有水泵提供动力的情况下，仍可以回到锅炉1内。一次侧循环回路不设置循环泵，能够避免外界氧化气体通过循环泵吸入循环回路中。与现有技术相比，本实施例中一次侧循环回路不设置循环水泵，因此能够完全避免氧化性气体的进入，保证一次侧循环回路的真空度，从而防止氧化性气体对锅炉1造成氧化腐蚀，延长锅炉1使用寿命。
热管21外的介质为锅炉1内的水或以水为主体的复合溶液形成的水蒸汽。热管21内的介质为无任何要求的水，可以是洁净的蒸馏水、也可以是硬度较高的地下水。一次侧通道内的介质与二次侧通道内的介质相互隔离的同时又进行热量交换，一次侧通道内的介质把燃烧器3释放的热量间接的传递给二次侧通道内的介质。
锅炉1包括蒸汽出口12和进水口13，发生器2包括一次侧进口22，一次侧出口23、二次侧进口24和二次侧出口25。蒸汽出口12通过蒸汽管4与发生器2的一次侧进口22连通，一次侧出口23通过冷凝管5与进水口13连通，二次侧进口24通过热管21与二次侧出口25连通。
炉膛11的一侧为炉体120，炉体120的下方设有第一集水室16，第一集水室16连通锅炉1的进水口13。炉体120上方设有第二集水室17，第二集水室17连通锅炉1的蒸汽出口12。冷凝水经进水口13回到第一集水室16内，第一集水室16与第二集水室17连通，第二集水室17与蒸汽出口12连通。
如图2所示，炉体120内还设有换热管道143，第一集水室16通过换热管道143与第二集水室17连通。炉体120内还设有第一烟气出口6，高温烟气通过换热管道143后从第一烟气出口6排出。
一次侧循环回路循环过程如下：集水室内的水被燃烧器3加热后变成蒸汽，蒸汽在第二集水室17内，经蒸汽出口12、蒸汽管4、一次侧进口22，进入发生器2内。蒸汽在发生器2内放热后冷凝。冷凝后的水经一次侧出口23、冷凝管5、进水口13重新回到锅炉1内 的第一集水室16。第一集水室16与第二集水室17连通。集水室吸收燃烧器3释放的热量重新变成水蒸气，接着不断重复上述循环过程。热管21内介质流动过程如下：二次侧流体由发生器2的二次侧进口24进入热管21，吸收一次侧水蒸气的热量(潜热+显热)后变成蒸汽，蒸汽经二次侧出口25排出。
一次侧循环回路内水始终是同一个水发生蒸发冷凝物理变化，水质不会发生任何改变，因此锅炉1和发生器2内的热管21外部不会发生结水垢等不可修复的故障。热管21内的水即使产生水垢也不会影响锅炉1的设计寿命，只需拆卸热管21，对热管21做简单的清理维护，热管21就能恢复到设计时的换热效率。发生器2采用热管21结构，水容量小，没有爆炸风险。一次侧循环回路中，液面高度无水位控制，因为一次侧水在发生器2第一次使用前加装完毕，在使用过程中水不会增加也不会减少，实际运行不需要水位控制，只需要对一次侧循环回路的水有泄漏保护既可。二次侧缺水对发生器2没有安全隐患，降低了二次侧对水位的要求，减少了故障率。
为降低烟气中的NO X，本实施例中燃烧器3为预混燃烧器，燃料在燃烧器3内配比形成均匀的混合气体。除此之外，NO X的生成与混合气体燃烧时火焰温度有很大关系，通过在炉膛11内设置降温管道141降低混合气体燃烧过程的火焰温度，进而抑制NOx的生成。如图2所示，沿混合气流的流动方向，炉膛11内依次设有降温管道141、稳焰管道142。降温管道141之间形成第一管道缝隙1411，稳焰管道142之间形成第二管道缝隙1421。
燃烧气体通过第一管道缝隙1411和第二管道缝隙1421后形成整体火焰。降温管道141和稳焰管道142内的水吸收火焰热量，有效降低火焰温度，能有效抑制混合气体燃烧过程中生成的NOx含量。
炉膛11内的燃烧气体从第一管道缝隙1411流出时形成的压力为P1，从第二管道缝隙1421流出时，形成的压力为P2，P2小于P1,即稳焰管道142气流流出的一侧形成负压，可重新回燃未燃烧的气体，因此炉膛11内的稳焰管道142具有稳定燃烧的作用。
从第二管道缝隙1421出来的燃烧气体进入炉体120内形成高温烟气，高温烟气与炉体120内的换热管道143进一步换热。高温烟气换热完成后，从第一烟气出口6排出，排放烟气含有较低的NOx。
实施例二
本实施例提供一种热管式蒸汽发生器，如图4，图5所示。本实施例与实施例一不同之处为炉体120内设有换热套管153以及锅炉1内设有集烟室。
换热套管153由内管154与外管155构成。内管154为烟气余热通道，内管154与外管155之间为水流通道，烟气余热通道与炉体120的尾部连通。炉体120内的高温烟气以及烟气余热通道内的烟气共同加热水流通道内的水，并且充分利用烟气中的余热，保证锅炉1内水溶液的蒸发量。
外管155下端为第一集水室16，上端为第二集水室17。第一集水室16的下方设有第一集烟室18，炉体120的尾部与第一集烟室18连通，高温烟气穿过换热套管153后，由炉体120的尾部进入第一集 烟室18。第二集水室17的上方设有第二集烟室19，第一集烟室18通过烟气余热通道与第二集烟室19连通。第二集烟室19设有第二烟气出口7，烟气在内管154换热完成后从第二烟气出口7排出。
本实施例烟气排放过程为：混合气体在炉膛11内燃烧，燃烧气体生成的高温烟气进入炉体120内，并流向炉体120的尾部。高温烟气由从炉体120的尾部进入第一集烟室18，然后经内管154进入第二集烟室19，最后经第二烟气出口7排出。
第一集水室16通过水流通道与第二集水室17连通。一次侧循环回路中，发生器2的冷凝水回到第一集水室16内，水流经水流通道进入第二集水室17，第二集水室17内的水蒸气进入发生器2。位于锅炉1内的水流通道包裹烟气余热通道，最大程度提高烟气与水之间的换热效率。
现有技术中，小容量的锅炉1往往因为换热面积不足而导致水溶液的蒸发量不够。本实施例对排放的烟气热量再利用，将烟气进入换热套管153中与水溶液换热后，再排出。通过换热套管153增大水溶液的换热面积，保证在水溶液较少的情况下，也能产生较大的蒸发量。因此采用换热套管153后，锅炉1内的水容量可降低至30L以下，无爆炸风险，安全稳定。
为降低烟气中的NO X，本实施例中燃烧器3为预混燃烧器，燃料在燃烧器3内配比形成均匀的混合气体。除此之外，NO X的生成与混合气体的燃烧温度有很大关系，通过炉膛11内设置降温套管151降低混合气体燃烧过程的火焰温度，进而抑制混合气体燃烧过程中NOx 的生成。本实施例所述炉膛11内的管道可以与实施例一相同或者不同，优选地，本实施例中，将炉膛11内的管道也设置为套管形式，以增加换热效果。如图5所示，沿混合气流的流动方向，炉膛11内依次设有降温套管151、稳焰套管152，其中，降温套管151与稳焰套管152的内部构造同换热套管153。降温套管151之间形成第一套管缝隙1511，稳焰套管152之间形成第二套管缝隙1521。
燃烧气体通过第一套管缝隙1511和第二套管缝隙1521后，气体体积增大，形成整体火焰，降温套管151和稳焰套管152内的水吸收火焰热量，降低火焰温度，抑制混合气体燃烧过程中生成的NOx含量。
燃烧气流从第一套管缝隙1511流出时形成的压力为P1，从第二套管缝隙1521流出时，形成的压力为P2，P2小于P1,即稳焰套管152气流流出的一侧形成负压，可重新回燃未燃烧的气体，因此稳焰套管152具有稳定燃烧的作用。从第二套管缝隙1521出来的燃烧气体进入炉体120内形成高温烟气，高温烟气在换热套管153内与水流进行换热。高温烟气换热完成后，从第二烟气出口7排出，排放烟气含有较低的NOx。
除此之外，本发明的实施例中，热管式蒸汽发生器还包括控制器，发生器2为一个或多个，控制器控制每个发生器2的出口压力。多个发生器2之间并联，如图3、图6所示。比如实际应用中，蒸汽的用户端同时需要洁净蒸汽与工业蒸汽。但是洁净蒸汽或者工业蒸汽所需的蒸汽压力不同，因此发生器2可以设置为两个，分别输送洁净蒸汽与工业蒸汽。每个发生器2的出口端设有第一压力传感器，用户端设有第 二压力传感器，控制器根据一次侧循环回路的燃烧负荷调节第一压力传感器的压力值。第一压力传感器与第二压力传感之间设有减压装置，控制器控制减压装置把第一压力传感器的压力值减小到用户端所需要的压力值，用户所需压力值被第二压力传感监测。
另外，本发明的实施例中，热管21材质可以为不锈钢或钛合金，发生器2内与二次侧介质直接接触的材质均采用不锈钢或钛合金。现代工业中，很多场合对蒸汽的品质要求很高，但蒸汽发生器内材质容易腐蚀，对生成的蒸汽造成污染。不锈钢或钛合金不生锈，耐腐蚀，保证发生器2输送的蒸汽为洁净蒸汽。
本发明的实施例中，通过将锅炉1，发生器2集成为一体，热管式蒸汽发生器结构紧凑，体积较小，水容量小，无爆炸风险，同时具有较高的换热效率和较低的氮氧化物排放量，市场推广潜力较大。
以上对本发明的实施例进行了详细说明，对本领域的普通技术人员而言，依据本发明提供的思想，在具体实施方式上会有改变之处，而这些改变也应视为本发明的保护范围。

Claims (10)

  1. 一种热管式蒸汽发生器，包括锅炉(1)、发生器(2)、燃烧器(3)，所述燃烧器(3)的燃烧端伸进所述锅炉(1)的炉膛(11)内，所述锅炉(1)与所述发生器(2)相连，所述发生器(2)内设有热管(21)，其特征在于：
    所述热管(21)外形成一次侧通道，所述热管(21)内形成二次侧通道，所述一次侧通道内的介质与所述二次侧通道内的介质进行热量交换；
    所述锅炉(1)与所述发生器(2)的一次侧通道连接形成一次侧循环回路，所述一次侧循环回路密闭；
    所述一次侧通道的最低液面高度高于所述锅炉(1)的最高液面高度。
  2. 根据权利要求1热管式蒸汽发生器，其特征在于：
    所述锅炉(1)包括蒸汽出口(12)和进水口(13)，所述发生器(2)包括一次侧进口(22)，一次侧出口(23)、二次侧进口(24)和二次侧出口(25)；
    所述蒸汽出口(12)通过蒸汽管(4)与所述发生器(2)的一次侧进口(22)连通，所述一次侧出口(23)通过冷凝管(5)与所述进水口(13)连通，所述二次侧进口(24)通过所述热管(21)与所述二次侧出口(25)连通。
  3. 根据权利要求1所述的热管式蒸汽发生器，其特征在于：
    所述炉膛(11)的一侧为炉体(120)，所述炉体(120)的下方设有第一集水室(16)，所述第一集水室(16)连通所述锅炉(1)的进水口(13)；
    所述炉体(120)上方设有第二集水室(17)，所述第二集水室(17)连通所述锅炉(1)的蒸汽出口(12)。
  4. 根据权利要求3所述的热管式蒸汽发生器，其特征在于：
    所述炉体(120)内设有换热管道(143)，所述第一集水室(16)通过所述换热管道(143)与所述第二集水室(17)连通；
    所述炉体(120)内还设有第一烟气出口(6)，高温烟气通过所述换热管道(143)后从所述第一烟气出口(6)排出。
  5. 根据权利要求3所述的热管式蒸汽发生器，其特征在于：
    所述炉体(120)内设有换热套管(153)，所述换热套管(153)由内管(154)与外管(155)构成；
    所述内管(154)为烟气余热通道，所述内管(154)与所述外管(155)之间为水流通道，所述烟气余热通道与所述炉体(120)尾部连通；
    所述炉体(120)内的高温烟气与烟气余热通道内的烟气共同加热水流通道内的水。
  6. 根据权利要求5所述的热管式蒸汽发生器，其特征在于：
    所述第一集水室(16)的下方设有第一集烟室(18)，所述炉体(120)的尾部与所述第一集烟室(18)连通，高温烟气穿过所述换热套管(153)后，由炉体(120)的尾部进入所述第一集烟室(18)；
    所述第二集水室(17)的上方设有第二集烟室(19)，所述第一集烟室(18)通过所述烟气余热通道与所述第二集烟室(19)连通。
  7. 根据权利要求6所述的热管式蒸汽发生器，其特征在于：所述第二集烟室(19)设有第二烟气出口(7)，烟气在所述内管(154)换热完成后从所述第二烟气出口(7)排出。
  8. 根据权利要求6所述的热管式蒸汽发生器，其特征在于：所述第一集水室(16)通过所述水流通道与所述第二集水室(17)连通。
  9. 根据权利要求1-8任一项所述的热管式蒸汽发生器，其特征在于：还包括控制器，所述发生器(2)为一个或多个，控制器控制每个所述发生器(2)的出口压力。
  10. 根据权利要求1-8任一项所述的热管式蒸汽发生器，其特征在于：所述热管(21)材质为不锈钢或钛合金。
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