WO2020114199A1 - 一种照明光源及车灯 - Google Patents

一种照明光源及车灯 Download PDF

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Publication number
WO2020114199A1
WO2020114199A1 PCT/CN2019/116987 CN2019116987W WO2020114199A1 WO 2020114199 A1 WO2020114199 A1 WO 2020114199A1 CN 2019116987 W CN2019116987 W CN 2019116987W WO 2020114199 A1 WO2020114199 A1 WO 2020114199A1
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Prior art keywords
light
light source
light guide
guide element
fluorescent layer
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PCT/CN2019/116987
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English (en)
French (fr)
Inventor
张贤鹏
周建华
陈雨叁
李乾
张世忠
李屹
Original Assignee
深圳市绎立锐光科技开发有限公司
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Priority to JP2021531634A priority Critical patent/JP7416791B2/ja
Publication of WO2020114199A1 publication Critical patent/WO2020114199A1/zh

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    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F21—LIGHTING
    • F21S—NON-PORTABLE LIGHTING DEVICES; SYSTEMS THEREOF; VEHICLE LIGHTING DEVICES SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR VEHICLE EXTERIORS
    • F21S41/00—Illuminating devices specially adapted for vehicle exteriors, e.g. headlamps
    • F21S41/20—Illuminating devices specially adapted for vehicle exteriors, e.g. headlamps characterised by refractors, transparent cover plates, light guides or filters
    • F21S41/24—Light guides
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F21—LIGHTING
    • F21V—FUNCTIONAL FEATURES OR DETAILS OF LIGHTING DEVICES OR SYSTEMS THEREOF; STRUCTURAL COMBINATIONS OF LIGHTING DEVICES WITH OTHER ARTICLES, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • F21V17/00—Fastening of component parts of lighting devices, e.g. shades, globes, refractors, reflectors, filters, screens, grids or protective cages
    • F21V17/10—Fastening of component parts of lighting devices, e.g. shades, globes, refractors, reflectors, filters, screens, grids or protective cages characterised by specific fastening means or way of fastening
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F21—LIGHTING
    • F21V—FUNCTIONAL FEATURES OR DETAILS OF LIGHTING DEVICES OR SYSTEMS THEREOF; STRUCTURAL COMBINATIONS OF LIGHTING DEVICES WITH OTHER ARTICLES, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • F21V17/00—Fastening of component parts of lighting devices, e.g. shades, globes, refractors, reflectors, filters, screens, grids or protective cages
    • F21V17/10—Fastening of component parts of lighting devices, e.g. shades, globes, refractors, reflectors, filters, screens, grids or protective cages characterised by specific fastening means or way of fastening
    • F21V17/101—Fastening of component parts of lighting devices, e.g. shades, globes, refractors, reflectors, filters, screens, grids or protective cages characterised by specific fastening means or way of fastening permanently, e.g. welding, gluing or riveting
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F21—LIGHTING
    • F21V—FUNCTIONAL FEATURES OR DETAILS OF LIGHTING DEVICES OR SYSTEMS THEREOF; STRUCTURAL COMBINATIONS OF LIGHTING DEVICES WITH OTHER ARTICLES, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • F21V29/00—Protecting lighting devices from thermal damage; Cooling or heating arrangements specially adapted for lighting devices or systems
    • F21V29/50—Cooling arrangements
    • F21V29/70—Cooling arrangements characterised by passive heat-dissipating elements, e.g. heat-sinks
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F21—LIGHTING
    • F21V—FUNCTIONAL FEATURES OR DETAILS OF LIGHTING DEVICES OR SYSTEMS THEREOF; STRUCTURAL COMBINATIONS OF LIGHTING DEVICES WITH OTHER ARTICLES, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • F21V5/00—Refractors for light sources
    • F21V5/04—Refractors for light sources of lens shape
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F21—LIGHTING
    • F21V—FUNCTIONAL FEATURES OR DETAILS OF LIGHTING DEVICES OR SYSTEMS THEREOF; STRUCTURAL COMBINATIONS OF LIGHTING DEVICES WITH OTHER ARTICLES, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • F21V7/00—Reflectors for light sources
    • F21V7/04—Optical design
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F21—LIGHTING
    • F21V—FUNCTIONAL FEATURES OR DETAILS OF LIGHTING DEVICES OR SYSTEMS THEREOF; STRUCTURAL COMBINATIONS OF LIGHTING DEVICES WITH OTHER ARTICLES, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • F21V7/00—Reflectors for light sources
    • F21V7/22—Reflectors for light sources characterised by materials, surface treatments or coatings, e.g. dichroic reflectors
    • F21V7/24—Reflectors for light sources characterised by materials, surface treatments or coatings, e.g. dichroic reflectors characterised by the material
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F21—LIGHTING
    • F21W—INDEXING SCHEME ASSOCIATED WITH SUBCLASSES F21K, F21L, F21S and F21V, RELATING TO USES OR APPLICATIONS OF LIGHTING DEVICES OR SYSTEMS
    • F21W2102/00—Exterior vehicle lighting devices for illuminating purposes
    • F21W2102/10—Arrangement or contour of the emitted light
    • F21W2102/13—Arrangement or contour of the emitted light for high-beam region or low-beam region
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F21—LIGHTING
    • F21Y—INDEXING SCHEME ASSOCIATED WITH SUBCLASSES F21K, F21L, F21S and F21V, RELATING TO THE FORM OR THE KIND OF THE LIGHT SOURCES OR OF THE COLOUR OF THE LIGHT EMITTED
    • F21Y2115/00—Light-generating elements of semiconductor light sources
    • F21Y2115/10—Light-emitting diodes [LED]

Definitions

  • the invention relates to the field of lighting, in particular to an illumination light source.
  • LED light source As a new type of semiconductor lighting source, LED light source has the advantages of all-solid-state operation, high electro-optical conversion efficiency, and high lumen efficiency. It is widely used in various lighting environments. In the field of automotive lighting, the proportion of LED light sources is gradually increasing. More and more car headlight manufacturers or LED manufacturers are beginning to pay attention to the application of LED light sources in the field of automotive lighting. However, due to the obvious difference between the luminous characteristics of LED light sources and the luminous characteristics of traditional light sources (halogen filaments and xenon filaments), existing LED light sources cannot directly replace halogen filaments or xenon filaments for automotive headlights.
  • Figure 1 shows an example of the Osram patent CN107013863A, which discloses a vehicle lamp and provides an alternative lamp. , Including a plurality of LED light sources 2, a light guide adapter 5, a condenser 9, and a light output body 13, the light emitted by the plurality of LED light sources 2 is coupled into the light guide adapter 5, and is conducted to the light output body through the light collector 9 13 shot out to the outside.
  • the light emission characteristics of the replacement lamp are similar to the light emission characteristics of traditional lamps, and can directly replace halogen incandescent lamps of vehicles. Among them, in order to improve the brightness of the lamps, multiple LED light sources are closely arranged on the same heat dissipation substrate. It is difficult to solve and limit the increase of the brightness of the vehicle lamp.
  • Fig. 2 shows an embodiment diagram in the patent CN205351102U, which discloses a lighting device and a vehicle lighting lamp, which uses a fiber-coupled excitation light source to remotely excite a fluorescent rod.
  • the light emitting characteristic of the fluorescent rod is similar to that of a traditional filament, and is available.
  • the efficiency of coupling the excitation light source into the optical fiber is low, which makes it impossible to efficiently increase the brightness of the lighting device.
  • the illumination light source includes: a light source including a first light source, at least one second light source, and at least one third light source, the first light source and the second light source are used to emit excitation light, and the third light source It is used to emit supplementary light;
  • the first fluorescent layer contains a fluorescent substance, and the excitation light emitted by the first light source and the excitation light emitted by the second light source are incident on the back surface and front surface of the first fluorescent layer respectively A first fluorescent layer; a light guide element, including a light exit side, the light guide element is used to reflect the excitation light and the supplementary light and transmit the first fluorescence, or the light guide element is used to transmit The excitation light and the supplementary light and reflect the first fluorescence; wherein the first light source, the second
  • the first light source and the second light source excite the first fluorescent layer from the back and front respectively, so that the intensity of the excitation light that excites the first fluorescent layer is high, and thus the intensity of the first fluorescence emitted from the first fluorescent layer is high
  • the first fluorescent light emitted from the first fluorescent layer and the supplementary light emitted from the third light source are guided by the light guide element and are emitted from the light emitting side of the light guide element to form illumination light, so that the brightness of the illumination light is higher;
  • a light source, a second light source and a third light source are respectively arranged on different sides of the light guide element, which is beneficial to the heat dissipation of each light source and makes the light source have higher light efficiency.
  • the illumination light source further includes a light guide disposed on the light exit side, the light guide includes a light exit portion, and the supplementary light and the first fluorescence emitted from the light guide element enter the The light guide exits from the light exit portion.
  • the first fluorescent layer is disposed on the optical path between the first light source and the light guide element, and a blue translucent anti-yellow film layer is disposed on the back of the first fluorescent layer.
  • the light guide element is a cube formed by gluing two triangular prisms, and a light splitting film is provided at the gluing position, and the light source includes a first light source, a second light source, and a third light source, and the light sources are respectively provided On the three sides of the light guide element, the light emitted by the light source enters the beam splitting film at 45 degrees.
  • the light guide element is a cube formed by gluing two triangular pyramids and two quadrangular pyramids, and a light splitting film is provided at the gluing position, and the light source includes one first light source, two second light sources, and two second light sources Three light sources, and the light sources are respectively disposed on the five side surfaces of the light guide element, and the light emitted from the light source enters the light-splitting film at 45 degrees.
  • the light exit portion of the light guide includes a scattering structure; the light guide further includes a reflective layer disposed on the end face of the light guide.
  • the illumination light source further includes an optical element disposed on the optical path between the light source or the first fluorescent layer and the light guide element, the optical element includes an optical lens, At least one of a reflector cup or a tapered light guide.
  • the illumination light source further includes a second fluorescent layer disposed on the light exit portion of the light guide, and the second fluorescent layer can be excited by the excitation light to emit second fluorescence.
  • the vehicle lamp includes the above-mentioned illumination light source and a reflective bowl.
  • the first light source and the second light source in the embodiments of the present application excite the first fluorescent layer from the back and front respectively, so that the intensity of the first fluorescent light emitted from the first fluorescent layer is higher; in addition, the first fluorescent layer After the first fluorescent light and the third supplementary light from the third light source are guided by the light guide element, they are both emitted from the light emitting side of the light guide element to form illumination light, so that the brightness of the illumination light is high; In addition, the first light source, the second light source and The third light sources are respectively arranged on different sides of the light guide element, which is beneficial to the heat dissipation of each light source and makes the light source with higher light efficiency.
  • FIG. 1 is a schematic structural diagram of an illumination light source in the prior art
  • FIG. 2 is a schematic structural diagram of an illumination light source in the prior art
  • FIG. 3 is a schematic structural diagram of an embodiment of an illumination light source according to this application.
  • FIG. 4 is a schematic structural view of a light guide element in an embodiment
  • 5a and 5b are graphs of transmittance of the spectroscopic film in the embodiment.
  • FIG. 6 is another schematic structural diagram of an embodiment of an illumination light source according to this application.
  • FIG. 7 is another schematic structural diagram of an embodiment of an illumination light source according to this application.
  • FIG. 8 is a schematic structural diagram of another embodiment of an illumination light source according to this application.
  • FIG. 9 is a schematic structural view of another light guide element in an embodiment
  • FIG. 10 is a schematic structural diagram of another embodiment of an illumination light source according to this application.
  • FIG. 11 is a schematic structural diagram of another embodiment of an illumination light source according to this application.
  • FIG. 12 is a schematic structural diagram of another embodiment of a vehicle lamp of the present application.
  • the supplementary light mentioned in this application refers to supplementing the fluorescence, complementing the luminescence spectrum or increasing the luminous intensity, so that the supplementary illumination light can meet various application scenarios, for example, when the fluorescence spectrum is yellow fluorescence, supplement The light is blue light, yellow light and blue light finally achieve white light.
  • the back surface of the first fluorescent layer mentioned in this application refers to the side close to the first light source, and the front surface is the opposite side.
  • the present application provides an illumination light source 100 including a first light source 111, a second light source 112, a third light source 113, a first fluorescent layer 131, a light guide element 140 and a light guide 150.
  • the excitation light emitted by the first light source 111 and the second light source 112 enter the first fluorescent layer 131 from the back and front of the first fluorescent layer 131, respectively, and excite the first fluorescent layer 131 to emit the first fluorescence, the first fluorescence and the first
  • the supplementary light emitted by the three light sources 113 enters the light guide element from different sides of the light guide element 140 respectively, and exits from the light exit side of the light guide element 140.
  • the first light source 111, the second light source 112, and the third light source 113 are blue LED light sources, and may also be blue laser light sources or other solid blue light sources.
  • the wavelength range of the emitted blue light is 420-460nm, and the peak value of the blue light emitted by each light source The wavelength can be the same or different.
  • the first fluorescent layer 131 is a transmissive fluorescent layer, which includes a substrate and a light-emitting center.
  • the substrate may be transparent silica gel, glass, or ceramics.
  • the light-emitting center may include phosphors or quantum dots or other light-emitting materials. Specifically, the light-emitting center is YAG fluorescence.
  • Powder can absorb blue light and emit yellow fluorescence; in a specific embodiment, a wavelength splitting film is provided on the back of the first fluorescent layer 131, specifically a film layer that can transmit blue light and reflect yellow light, and magnetron sputtering can be used A blue translucent anti-yellow film layer is provided on the back of the first fluorescent layer 131.
  • the light guide element 140 is formed by gluing two prisms 141, and a light splitting film 142 is provided at the bonding position.
  • the light guide element 140 is formed by gluing prism ABDEFG and prism BCDEGH, and the bonding surface BDEG is provided with Beam splitting film 142; Beam splitting film 142 can reflect blue light and transmit yellow light, or can transmit blue light and reflect yellow light, as shown in FIG.
  • the light guide 150 may be a square bar, a conical bar, a round bar, a conical bar, etc.
  • the material of the light guide 150 may be, for example, transparent organic glass (PMMA, polymethyl methacrylate) or glass, quartz, sapphire, YAG (yttrium aluminum pomegranate) Stone) etc.
  • the light guide 150 includes a light guide portion 153 and a light exit portion 151.
  • the outer surface of the light exit portion 151 is provided with a scattering structure, which can be directly roughened on the outer surface of the light exit portion 151, or a microstructure can be provided on the outer surface of the light exit portion
  • a scattering layer is formed or coated on the outer surface of the light exit portion.
  • the scattering layer includes scattering particles and a carrier.
  • the refractive index of the carrier is greater than the refractive index of the light guide 150 to form a scattering structure so that light exits the light exit portion 151.
  • scattering particles such as pores, or particles with a refractive index different from that of the light guide 150 may be provided in the light exit portion 151, such as alumina particles, barium sulfate particles, titanium oxide particles, or Magnesium oxide particles and so on.
  • a second fluorescent layer 132 is provided on the outer surface of the light exit portion 151 of the light guide 150.
  • the second fluorescent layer 132 includes a base and a light-emitting center.
  • the base may be transparent silicone, glass or Ceramics, the luminescent center may contain phosphors or quantum dots, the second phosphor layer 132 can absorb blue light and emit second fluorescence; in different embodiments, the second phosphor layer 132 may contain a matrix and red phosphor, which is excited by blue light Outgoing red light can be used to increase the proportion of red light in the outgoing light, thereby improving the color rendering index of the outgoing light to meet the needs of high color rendering index; the second fluorescent layer 132 may include a matrix and a yellow phosphor, which is Blue light stimulates the emission of yellow light, which can further increase the intensity of the yellow light in the emitted light, change the proportion of blue light and yellow light in the emitted light, and change the color temperature of the emitted light to meet the needs of
  • the two are far apart, which is beneficial to disperse the heat source and avoid the deterioration of the fluorescent material caused by the heat accumulation.
  • the end surface of the light guide 150 is provided with a reflective layer 152 for reflecting blue light or yellow light irradiated onto the reflective layer 152 to emit it from the light exit portion 151;
  • the reflective layer may be a diffuse reflective layer or a Gaussian scattering Reflective layer, where diffuse reflection means that the light beam reflects Lambertian distribution after the reflection layer, and the reflected light intensity is cosine distribution.
  • the material of diffuse reflection can be a mixture of particles such as TiO 2 , MgO, BaSO 4 and glue or glass powder Gaussian scattering reflection means that the light beam is Gaussian distributed after being reflected by the reflective layer, and the intensity of the reflected light is Gaussian distributed.
  • the illumination light source 100 further includes optical elements 121, 122, and 123 disposed on the first fluorescent layer 131 or the second light source 112 or the third light source 113 and the light guide element 140, respectively It is used to collect and collimate the light emitted by the first fluorescent layer 131, the second light source 112, and the third light source 113 to form near-parallel light.
  • the optical element may be, for example, an optical lens, a reflective bowl, or a tapered light guide.
  • the optical element is an optical lens, specifically a collimating lens (group), a first fluorescent layer 131, a second light source 112, and a third
  • the light source 113 is provided at the focal points of the collimating lenses (groups) 121, 122, and 123, respectively.
  • the optical element is a tapered light guide, which has both the functions of collection and collimation; it also has the function of uniform light, even if the light entering the tapered light guide is uniform, Compared to optical lenses, tapered light guides have higher efficiency and a more compact structure.
  • the optical element may also be a TIR lens.
  • the excitation light emitted from the first light source 111 excites the first fluorescent layer 131 from the back
  • the excitation light emitted from the second light source 112 can excite the first fluorescent layer 131 from the front.
  • the second light source 112 emits The excitation light is guided to the first fluorescent layer 131 after being guided by the dichroic film 142 of the light guide element 140, and the first fluorescent layer 131 is excited by the excitation light emitted from the first light source 111 and the second light source 112, and then emits the first fluorescence from the front
  • the supplementary light emitted by the first fluorescent light and the third light source 113 enters the light guide element 140 from different sides of the light guide element 140 respectively, and both enter the dichroic film 142 at a 45-degree angle.
  • the spectroscopic film 142 When the spectroscopic film 142 reflects blue light and transmits yellow light, the blue light emitted from the third light source 113 is reflected by the spectroscopic film 142, and the first fluorescence emitted from the first fluorescent layer 131 passes through the spectroscopic film 142, so that both the first fluorescence and the supplementary light
  • the light exiting side of the light guide element 140 exits; when the beam splitting film 142 transmits blue light and reflects yellow light, the supplementary light from the third light source 113 passes through the beam splitting film 142, and the yellow light emitted from the first fluorescent layer 131 is reflected by the beam splitting film 142, so that Both the first fluorescent light and the supplementary light are emitted from the light exit side of the light guide element 140 to form illumination light.
  • the illumination light emitted from the light emitting side of the light guide element 142 further enters the light guide 150, is conducted through the light guide 150, and is emitted from the light exit portion 152 to the outside, forming 360-degree light emission.
  • the illumination light source 100 provided in the above embodiments has the following advantages.
  • both the first light source 111 and the second light source 112 can excite the first fluorescent layer 121, the intensity of the first fluorescent light emitted by the first fluorescent layer 121 is higher; second, the first fluorescent layer 121 emits the first fluorescent light
  • the supplementary light emitted by the third light source 113 and the third light source 113 are guided by the light guide element 140 and are emitted from the light emitting side of the light guide element 140 to form illumination light, so that the brightness of the illumination light is high; third, the first light source 111 and the second light source 112
  • the third light source 113 and the third light source 113 are respectively disposed on different sides of the light guide element 140, which is beneficial to the heat dissipation of each light source and makes the light source with higher light efficiency.
  • the light guiding element 240 is formed by gluing two triangular pyramids 241 and two quadrangular pyramids 242, and a light splitting film 243 and 244 are provided at the gluing position.
  • the light The guide element 240 is formed by gluing two quadrangular pyramids BCEDH and EABGF, and two triangular pyramids ABDE and BEGH.
  • the bonding surfaces ABEH and BDEG are respectively provided with dichroic films 244 and 243, wherein the bonding surface ABEH is composed of the bonding surfaces ABE and BEH
  • the gluing surface BDEG is composed of gluing surfaces BDE and BEG.
  • the illumination light source 200 includes a first light source 211, two second light sources 212 and 213, and two third light sources 214 and 215, wherein the excitation light emitted from the first light source 211 excites the A fluorescent layer 231, the excitation light emitted from the two second light sources 212 and 213 excites the first fluorescent layer 231 from the front, and the first fluorescent layer 231 emits the first fluorescence from the front after being excited; the first fluorescence and the third light source 214
  • the supplementary lights emitted by and 215 enter the light guide element 240 from different sides of the light guide element 240, respectively.
  • the use of one second light source or/and one third light source may be reduced, as shown in FIG.
  • the light source light source 200 includes four light sources, They are the first light source 211, the second light source 212, the two third light sources 213 and 214, as shown in FIG. 211. Two second light sources 212 and 213, and a third light source 214.
  • the illumination light source 100 of the present application further includes a substrate 160 and a heat sink 170.
  • the substrate 160 is a copper PCB substrate.
  • the LED chip is integrated on the PCB substrate.
  • the heat sink 170 is disposed on the substrate away from the light source. Side, heat dissipation of the light source.
  • a single light source may be directly disposed on the heat sink 170 for heat dissipation.
  • the heat sink 170 may be integrally formed into a groove shape, or may be a combination of three separate heat sinks, and the substrate 160 and the heat sink 170 may be connected by welding or gluing.
  • Each light source is set separately, and a radiator is used for heat dissipation, which has good heat dissipation effect and long service life of the light source.
  • the present application also provides a vehicle lamp 1000 including: a first light source 1011, a second light source 1012 and a third light source 1013, a first fluorescent layer 1031, a light guide element 1040, a light guide 1050 and The reflective bowl 1080, wherein the light guide includes a light guide portion 1053, a light exit portion 1052, and an end reflection layer 1052, and the light exit portion 1052 is disposed on the focal point of the reflective bowl 1080.
  • the illumination light source of this embodiment is the illumination light source in any of the above-mentioned embodiments, which will not be repeated here.
  • the light emitted by the light emitting portion 1052 is reflected by the reflective bowl 1080 and then emitted to the outside, forming an ideal illumination light source pattern.
  • the illumination light source of the embodiment of the present application includes: a light source including a first light source, at least one second light source and at least one third light source, and the first light source, second light source and third light source They are located on different sides of the light guide element.
  • the first light source and the second light source excite the first fluorescent layer from the back and front respectively, so that the intensity of the first fluorescent light emitted from the first fluorescent layer is higher.
  • the first fluorescent light and the second fluorescent light emitted from the first fluorescent layer The supplementary light emitted by the three light sources is guided by the light guiding element and then exits from the light emitting side of the light guiding element to form illumination light, so that the brightness of the illumination light is high.
  • the first light source, the second light source, and the third light source are respectively arranged in the light
  • the different sides of the guide element are conducive to the heat dissipation of each light source, so that the light efficiency of the light source is higher.

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  • General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Planar Illumination Modules (AREA)
  • Non-Portable Lighting Devices Or Systems Thereof (AREA)

Abstract

一种照明光源(100)，包括：一个第一光源(111)、至少一个第二光源(112)和至少一个第三光源(113)；第一荧光层(131)，第一光源(111)出射的激发光和第二光源(112)出射的激发光分别从背面和正面激发第一荧光层(131)；及光引导元件(140)，第一光源(111)、第二光源(112)和第三光源(113)被分别位于光引导元件(140)的不同侧，且第一荧光层(131)出射的第一荧光和第三光源(113)出射的补充光均从光引导元件(140)的出光侧出射；第一光源(111)和第二光源(112)同时激发第一荧光层(131)，使得第一荧光层(131)出射光强度较高；第一荧光和补充光经光引导元件(140)引导后均从光引导元件(140)的出光侧出射形成照明光，使得照明光的亮度较高，此外，第一光源(111)、第二光源(112)和第三光源(113)分别设置在光引导元件(140)的不同侧，散热效果好。

Description

一种照明光源及车灯 技术领域
本发明涉及照明领域，特别是涉及一种照明光源。
背景技术
LED光源作为新型半导体照明光源，具有全固态工作、电光转换效率高、流明效率高等优点，被广泛应用于各种照明环境。在汽车照明领域，LED光源的占比在逐渐增长，越来越多的汽车大灯厂家或LED厂家开始关注LED光源在汽车照明领域的应用。但由于LED光源的发光特性与传统光源(卤素灯丝和氙气灯丝)的发光特性有明显的区别，现有LED光源无法直接取代卤素灯丝或者氙气灯丝应用于汽车大灯。
针对汽车大灯后装市场，不少汽车车灯厂家或者LED厂家纷纷提出了解决方案，图1所示为Osram专利CN107013863A中的实施例图，公开了一种交通工具灯，提供一种替代灯，包括多个LED光源2、引导光的适配器5、聚光器9、光输出体13，多个LED光源2出射的光耦合进入引导光的适配器5，经聚光器9传导至光输出体13出射至外部。该替代灯的光放射特性类似于传统灯的光放射特性，可直接替代交通工具卤素白炽灯，其中，为提高灯具的亮度将多个LED光源密排在同一散热基板上，LED光源的散热问题难以解决，限制该交通工具灯的亮度的提升。
图2所示为专利CN205351102U中的实施例图，公开了一种照明装置及车辆照明灯，采用光纤耦合激发光源，远程激发荧光棒，该荧光棒的发光特性类似于传统灯丝的发光特性，可用于替代传统卤素灯丝或氙 气灯丝。该技术方案中，激发光源耦合进入光纤的效率较低，使得无法高效的提高照明装置的亮度。
发明内容
针对上述现有技术中光源存在的光耦合效率低及散热困难的缺陷，本发明提供一种照明光源，具有较高的光通量及良好的散热性能。该照明光源包括：光源，所述光源包括一个第一光源、至少一个第二光源和至少一个第三光源，所述第一光源和所述第二光源用于出射激发光，所述第三光源用于出射补充光；第一荧光层，包含荧光物质，所述第一光源出射的激发光与所述第二光源出射的激发光分别从所述第一荧光层的背面与正面入射至所述第一荧光层；光引导元件，包括一出光侧，所述光引导元件用于反射所述激发光和所述补充光并透射所述第一荧光，或者，所述光引导元件用于透射所述激发光和所述补充光并反射所述第一荧光；其中，所述第一光源、第二光源和第三光源被分别位于所述光引导元件的不同侧面；所述第一荧光和所述补充光均从所述光引导元件的出光侧出射。
该技术方案中第一光源和第二光源分别从背面和正面激发第一荧光层，使得激发第一荧光层的激发光强度较高，进而使得第一荧光层出射的第一荧光的强度较高；另外，第一荧光层出射的第一荧光和第三光源出射的补充光经光引导元件引导后均从光引导元件的出光侧出射形成照明光，使得照明光的亮度较高；此外，第一光源、第二光源和第三光源分别设置在光引导元件的不同侧，有利于各光源的散热，使得光源光效较高。
在一个实施例中，照明光源还包括光导，所述光导设置在所述出光侧，所述光导包含一出光部，所述光引导元件出射的所述补充光和所述第一荧光进入所述光导并从所述出光部出射。
在一个实施例中，所述第一荧光层设置在所述第一光源和所述光引导元件之间的光路上，且所述第一荧光层的背面设置有透蓝反黄膜层。
在一个实施方式中，光引导元件为两个三棱柱胶合而成的立方体，且胶合处设置有分光膜，且光源包括一个第一光源、一个第二光源和一个第三光源，且光源分别设置在所述光引导元件的三个侧面，光源出射的光以45度入射至分光膜。
在一个实施方式中，光引导元件为两个三棱锥和两个四棱锥胶合而成的立方体，且胶合处设置有分光膜，且光源包括一个第一光源、两个第二光源和两个第三光源，且光源分别设置在所述光引导元件的五个侧面，光源出射的光以45度入射至分光膜。
在一个实施方式中，光导的出光部包括散射结构；光导还包括反射层，所述反射层设置在光导的末端面。
在一个实施方式中，该照明光源还包括光学元件，所述光学元件设置在所述光源或所述第一荧光层与所述光引导元件之间的光路上，所述光学元件包括光学透镜、反光杯或锥形光导中的至少一种。该技术方案使得光源或第一荧光层出射的朗伯光准直成近平行光后再入射至分光膜，使得所有光线均能以45度入射至分光膜，光效较高。
在一个实施方式中，该照明光源还包括第二荧光层，所述第二荧光层设置在所述光导的出光部，所述第二荧光层可被所述激发光激发出射第二荧光。
为解决上述技术问题，本请求采用的又一技术方案是：提供一种车灯。该车灯包括上述照明光源和反光碗。
区别与现有技术，本申请实施例中第一光源和第二光源分别从背面和正面激发第一荧光层，使得第一荧光层出射的第一荧光的强度较高；另外，第一荧光层出射的第一荧光和第三光源出射的补充光经光引导元 件引导后均从光引导元件的出光侧出射形成照明光，使得照明光的亮度较高；此外，第一光源、第二光源和第三光源分别设置在光引导元件的不同侧，有利于各光源的散热，使得光源光效较高。
附图说明
图1为现有技术中一种照明光源的结构示意图；
图2为现有技术中一种照明光源的结构示意图；
图3为本申请照明光源一实施例的结构示意图；
图4为实施例中光引导元件的结构示意图；
图5a和5b为实施例中分光膜的透过率曲线图；
图6为本申请照明光源一实施例的另一结构示意图；
图7为本申请照明光源一实施例的另一结构示意图；
图8为本申请照明光源另一实施例的结构示意图；
图9为实施例中另一光引导元件的结构示意图；
图10为本申请照明光源另一实施例的结构示意图；
图11为本申请照明光源另一实施例的结构示意图；
图12为本申请车灯的另一实施例的结构示意图。
具体实施方式
本申请中所提及的补充光，是指对荧光进行补充，补全发光光谱或者提高发光强度，使得补充后的照明光能满足各种应用场景，例如，当荧光光谱为黄色荧光时，补充光为蓝光，黄光和蓝光最后实现白光。
另外，本申请中所提及的第一荧光层的背面指其靠近第一光源的一面，正面为与其相反的一面。
下面将结合本申请实施例中的附图，对本申请实施例中的技术方案 进行清楚、完整地描述，显然，所描述的实施例仅仅是本申请一部分实施例，而不是全部的实施例。基于本申请中的实施例，本领域普通技术人员在没有做出创造性劳动前提下所获得的所有其他实施例，均属于本申请保护的范围。
另外，若本申请实施例中有涉及“第一”、“第二”、“第三”等的描述，则该“第一”、“第二”、“第三”等的描述仅用于描述目的，而不能理解为指示或暗示其相对重要性或者隐含指明所指示的技术特征的数量。由此，限定有“第一”、“第二”、“第三”的特征可以明示或者隐含地包括至少一个该特征。另外，各个实施例之间的技术方案可以相互结合，但是必须是以本领域普通技术人员能够实现为基础，当技术方案的结合出现相互矛盾或无法实现时应当认为这种技术方案的结合不存在，也不在本申请要求的保护范围之内。
目前限制LED替代灯丝应用于汽车大灯后装市场的主要原因在于：一是LED替代灯的出射光的亮度无法满足需求；二是LED光源散热难以解决；本申请旨在解决上述技术问题。
下面结合附图和实施方式对本发明实施例进行详细说明。请参阅附图3，本申请提供一种照明光源100，该照明光源100包括第一光源111、第二光源112、第三光源113、第一荧光层131、光引导元件140及光导150。其中，第一光源111出射的激发光与第二光源112分别从第一荧光层131的背面与正面入射至第一荧光层131，激发第一荧光层131出射第一荧光，第一荧光和第三光源113出射的补充光分别从光引导元件140的不同侧面进入光引导元件，并从光引导元件140的出光侧出射。
其中，第一光源111、第二光源112和第三光源113为蓝光LED光源，也可以是蓝光激光光源或者其他固态蓝光光源，出射的蓝光的波长范围420～460nm，各光源出射的蓝光的峰值波长可以相同，也可以不同。第一荧光层131为透射式荧光层，包括基体和发光中心，基体可以是透 明的硅胶、玻璃或者陶瓷，发光中心可以包含荧光粉或者量子点或者其他发光材料，具体地，发光中心为YAG荧光粉，能吸收蓝光，出射黄色荧光；在具体实施例中，第一荧光层131的背面设置有波长分光膜，具体地为能透射蓝光反射黄光的膜层，可采用磁控溅射的方式将透蓝反黄膜层设置在第一荧光层131的背面。
如图4所示，光引导元件140由两个棱柱141胶合而成，其胶合处设置分光膜142，具体地，光引导元件140由棱柱ABDEFG和棱柱BCDEGH胶合而成，其胶合面BDEG设置有分光膜142；分光膜142可以是反射蓝光透射黄光，也可以是透射蓝光反射黄光，如图5a所示，当入射光的角度为45度时，分光膜的透过率曲面在400～480nm范围内透过率几乎为零，在500～800nm范围内透过率高于97％；如图5b所述，当入射光的角度为45度时，分光膜的透过率曲线在400～480nm范围内透过率高于97％，在500～800nm范围内透过率几乎为零。
光导150可以是方棒、锥棒、圆棒、圆锥棒等，光导150的材质可以是例如透明的有机玻璃(PMMA，聚甲基丙烯酸甲酯)或玻璃，石英，蓝宝石，YAG(钇铝石榴石)等。光导150包含导光部153和出光部151，出光部151的外表面设置有散射结构，该散射结构可以直接在出光部151的外表面粗糙化形成，也可以在出光部的外表面设置微结构形成，或在出光部的外表面涂覆散射层形成，该散射层包括散射粒子与载体，载体的折射率大于光导150的折射率，形成散射结构，使得光在出光部151出射。在其他实施例中，也可以通过在出光部151内部中设置散射粒子，如气孔，或者折射率与光导150的折射率不同的微粒，例如可以是氧化铝微粒、硫酸钡微粒、氧化钛微粒或氧化镁微粒等等。
在另一具体实施例中，如图6所示，光导150的出光部151的外表面设置第二荧光层132，第二荧光层132包括基体和发光中心，基体可 以是透明的硅胶、玻璃或者陶瓷，发光中心可以包含荧光粉或者量子点，第二荧光层132能吸收蓝光，出射第二荧光；在不同实施例中，第二荧光层132可以是包含基体和红色荧光粉，其被蓝光激发出射红光，可用于提高出射光中红光的比例，从而提高出射光的显色指数，使其满足高显色指数的需求；第二荧光层132可以是包含基体和黄色荧光粉，其被蓝光激发出射黄光，可进一步提高出射光中黄光的强度，改变出射光中蓝光和黄光的占比，改变出射光的色温，使其满足不同色温的需求。此外，该类实施方式通过在照明光源中同时设置第一荧光层131和第二荧光层132，将两者远远隔开，有利于分散热源，避免热量堆积而导致的荧光材料劣化。
光导150的末端面设置有反射层152，用于将照射至反射层152上的蓝光或黄光反射，使其从出光部151出射；该反射层可以是漫反射层，也可以是高斯型散射反射层，其中，漫反射指光束经反射层反射后呈朗伯分布，其反射光光强呈余弦分布，漫反射的材料可以是TiO 2、MgO、BaSO 4等粒子与胶水或玻璃粉的混合物；高斯型散射反射指光束经反射层反射后呈高斯分布，其反射光光强呈高斯分布。
在具体实施例中，照明光源100还包括光学元件121、122及123，该光学元件121、122及123分别设置在第一荧光层131或第二光源112或第三光源113和光引导元件140之间的光路上，用于收集和准直第一荧光层131、第二光源112和第三光源113出射的光，使其形成近平行光。光学元件可以是例如光学透镜、反光碗或锥形光导等，在本实施例中，光学元件为光学透镜，具体为准直透镜(组)，第一荧光层131、第二光源112和第三光源113分别设置在准直透镜(组)121、122和123的焦点上。在其他实施例中，如图7所示，光学元件为锥形光导，该锥形光导既具有收集和准直的功能；还具有匀光的功能，即使进入锥形光 导内的光均匀化，相比于光学透镜，锥形光导具有更高的效率及更紧凑的结构。在另一实施例中，光学元件还可以为TIR透镜。
在本实施例中，第一光源111出射的激发光从背面激发第一荧光层131，第二光源112出射的激发光能从正面激发第一荧光层131，具体地，第二光源112出射的激发光经过光引导元件140的分光膜142引导后照射至第一荧光层131上，第一荧光层131被第一光源111和第二光源112出射的激发光激发后，从正面出射第一荧光；第一荧光和第三光源113出射的补充光分别从光引导元件140的不同侧进入光引导元件140中，均以45度角入射至分光膜142。当分光膜142是反射蓝光透射黄光，第三光源113出射的蓝光被分光膜142反射，而第一荧光层131出射的第一荧光透过分光膜142，使得第一荧光和补充光均从光引导元件140的出光侧出射；当分光膜142是透射蓝光反射黄光，第三光源113出射的补充光透过分光膜142，第一荧光层131出射的黄光被分光膜142反射，使得第一荧光和补充光均从光引导元件140的出光侧出射形成照明光。
从光引导元件142出光侧出射的照明光进一步进入光导150，经光导150传导并从出光部152出射至外部，形成360度的发光。
上述实施例中所提供的照明光源100中，具有如下优点。
其一，由于第一光源111和第二光源112均能激发第一荧光层121，使得第一荧光层121出射的第一荧光的强度较高；其二，第一荧光层121出射第一荧光和第三光源113出射的补充光经光引导元件140引导后均从光引导元件140的出光侧出射形成照明光，使得照明光的亮度较高；其三，第一光源111、第二光源112和第三光源113分别设置在光引导元件140的不同侧，有利于各个光源的散热，使得光源光效较高。
如图9所示，在另一具体实施例中，光引导元件240由两个三棱锥241和两个四棱锥242胶合而成，且胶合处设置有分光膜243和244， 具体地，该光引导元件240由两个四棱锥BCDEH和EABGF、两个三棱锥ABDE和BEGH胶合而成，其胶合面ABEH和BDEG分别设置有分光膜244和243，其中，胶合面ABEH由胶合面ABE和BEH组成，胶合面BDEG由胶合面BDE和BEG组成。如图8所示，该照明光源200中包括一个第一光源211、两个第二光源212和213、两个第三光源214和215，其中，第一光源211出射的激发光从背面激发第一荧光层231，两个第二光源212和213出射的激发光从正面激发第一荧光层231，且第一荧光层231被激发后从正面出射第一荧光；第一荧光和第三光源214和215出射的补充光分别从光引导元件240的不同侧面进入光引导元件240中。在具体情况下，为实现节能的目标，可减少一个第二光源或/和一个第三光源的使用，如图10所示为减少一个第二光源的情况，该光源光源200包含四个光源，分别是第一光源211、第二光源212、两个第三光源213和214、，如图11所示为减少一个第三光源的情况，该照明光源200包含四个光源，分别是第一光源211、两个第二光源212和213、第三光源214。
请再次参阅图3，本申请的照明光源100进一步包括：基板160和散热器170，基板160为铜制的PCB基板，LED芯片集成在PCB基板上，散热器170设置在基板上远离光源的一侧，对光源进行散热处理。在某些情况下，可将单个光源直接设置在散热器170上进行散热。其中，散热器170可以是一体成型的，成凹槽状，也可以是单独的三个散热器组合而成的，基板160和散热器170可以采用焊接或者胶粘的方式连接。各光源分开设置，且采用散热器进行散热，散热效果好，光源使用寿命长。
请参阅图12，本申请还提供一种车灯1000，该车灯1000包括：第一光源1011、第二光源1012和第三光源1013，第一荧光层1031，光引 导元件1040，光导1050及反光碗1080，其中，光导包含导光部1053、出光部1052及末端反射层1052，且出光部1052设置在反光碗1080的焦点上。本实施的照明光源为上述任一实施例中的照明光源，这里不作赘述。出光部1052出射的光线经反光碗1080反射后出射至外部，形成理想的照明光源图案。
区别于现有技术，本申请实施例的照明光源包括：光源，所述光源包括一个第一光源、至少一个第二光源和至少一个第三光源，且第一光源、第二光源和第三光源被分别位于光引导元件的不同侧面。该技术方案中第一光源和第二光源分别从背面和正面激发第一荧光层，使得第一荧光层出射的第一荧光的强度较高，另外，第一荧光层出射的第一荧光和第三光源出射的补充光经光引导元件引导后均从光引导元件的出光侧出射形成照明光，使得照明光的亮度较高，此外，第一光源、第二光源和第三光源分别设置在光引导元件的不同侧，有利于各光源的散热，使得光源光效较高。
以上所述仅为本发明的实施方式，并非因此限制本发明的专利范围，凡是利用本发明说明书及附图内容所作的等效结构或等效流程变换，或直接或间接运用在其他相关的技术领域，均同理包括在本发明的专利保护范围内。

Claims (12)

  1. 一种照明光源，其特征在于，具有：
    光源，所述光源包括一个第一光源、至少一个第二光源和至少一个第三光源，所述第一光源和所述第二光源用于出射激发光，所述第三光源用于出射补充光；
    第一荧光层，包含荧光物质，用于吸收激发光并出射第一荧光，所述第一光源出射的激发光与所述第二光源出射的激发光分别从所述第一荧光层的背面与正面入射至所述第一荧光层；
    光引导元件，包含一出光侧，所述光引导元件用于反射所述激发光和所述补充光并透射所述第一荧光，或者，所述光引导元件用于透射所述激发光和所述补充光并反射所述第一荧光；
    其中，所述第一光源、第二光源和第三光源被分别位于所述光引导元件的不同侧面；所述第一荧光和所述补充光均从所述光引导元件的所述出光侧出射。
  2. 根据权利要求1所述的照明光源，其特征在于，所述第一荧光层设置在所述第一光源和所述光引导元件之间的光路上，且所述第一荧光层的背面设置有波长分光膜。
  3. 根据权利要求1所述的照明光源，其特征在于，所述光引导元件为由两个独立的三棱柱胶合而成的立方体，且胶合处设置有分光膜。
  4. 根据权利要求3所述的照明光源，其特征在于，所述光源包括一个所述第一光源、一个所述第二光源和一个所述第三光源，分别设置在所述光引导元件的三个侧面，且所述光源出射的光以45度入射至所述分光膜。
  5. 根据权利要求1所述的照明光源，其特征在于，所述光引导元件 为两个三棱锥、两个四棱锥胶合而成的立方体，且胶合处设置有分光膜。
  6. 根据权利要求5所述的照明光源，其特征在于，所述光源包括一个所述第一光源、两个所述第二光源和两个所述第三光源，分别设置在所述光引导元件的五个侧面，且所述光源出射的光以45度入射至所述分光膜。
  7. 根据权利要求1所述的照明光源，还包括光学元件，所述光学元件设置在所述光源或所述第一荧光层与所述光引导元件之间的光路上，所述光学元件包括光学透镜、反光杯或锥形光导中的至少一种。
  8. 根据权利要求1所述的照明光源，其特征在于，所述照明光源还包括光导，所述光导设置在所述出光侧，且所述光导包含一出光部，所述光引导元件出射的所述补充光和所述第一荧光进入所述光导并从所述出光部出射。
  9. 根据权利要求8所述的照明光源，其特征在于，所述出光部包括散射结构。
  10. 根据权利要求8所述的照明光源，其特征在于，所述光导还包括反射层，所述反射层设置在所述光导的末端面。
  11. 根据权利要求8所述的照明光源，其特征在于，所述照明光源还包括第二荧光层，所述第二荧光层设置在所述光导的出光部，所述第二荧光层被激发出射第二荧光。
  12. 一种车灯，包括权利要求1至11任一项所述的照明光源，及反光碗。
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