WO2020111658A1 - Cutting insert for difficult-to-cut materials - Google Patents
Cutting insert for difficult-to-cut materials Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- WO2020111658A1 WO2020111658A1 PCT/KR2019/016025 KR2019016025W WO2020111658A1 WO 2020111658 A1 WO2020111658 A1 WO 2020111658A1 KR 2019016025 W KR2019016025 W KR 2019016025W WO 2020111658 A1 WO2020111658 A1 WO 2020111658A1
- Authority
- WO
- WIPO (PCT)
- Prior art keywords
- cutting insert
- cemented carbide
- base material
- difficult
- thin film
- Prior art date
Links
Images
Classifications
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B23—MACHINE TOOLS; METAL-WORKING NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- B23B—TURNING; BORING
- B23B27/00—Tools for turning or boring machines; Tools of a similar kind in general; Accessories therefor
- B23B27/14—Cutting tools of which the bits or tips or cutting inserts are of special material
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B23—MACHINE TOOLS; METAL-WORKING NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- B23C—MILLING
- B23C5/00—Milling-cutters
- B23C5/16—Milling-cutters characterised by physical features other than shape
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B23—MACHINE TOOLS; METAL-WORKING NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- B23B—TURNING; BORING
- B23B2222/00—Materials of tools or workpieces composed of metals, alloys or metal matrices
- B23B2222/28—Details of hard metal, i.e. cemented carbide
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B23—MACHINE TOOLS; METAL-WORKING NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- B23B—TURNING; BORING
- B23B2226/00—Materials of tools or workpieces not comprising a metal
- B23B2226/18—Ceramic
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B23—MACHINE TOOLS; METAL-WORKING NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- B23B—TURNING; BORING
- B23B2228/00—Properties of materials of tools or workpieces, materials of tools or workpieces applied in a specific manner
- B23B2228/08—Properties of materials of tools or workpieces, materials of tools or workpieces applied in a specific manner applied by physical vapour deposition [PVD]
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B23—MACHINE TOOLS; METAL-WORKING NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- B23C—MILLING
- B23C2222/00—Materials of tools or workpieces composed of metals, alloys or metal matrices
- B23C2222/28—Details of hard metal, i.e. cemented carbide
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B23—MACHINE TOOLS; METAL-WORKING NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- B23C—MILLING
- B23C2226/00—Materials of tools or workpieces not comprising a metal
- B23C2226/18—Ceramic
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B23—MACHINE TOOLS; METAL-WORKING NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- B23C—MILLING
- B23C2228/00—Properties of materials of tools or workpieces, materials of tools or workpieces applied in a specific manner
- B23C2228/08—Properties of materials of tools or workpieces, materials of tools or workpieces applied in a specific manner applied by physical vapour deposition [PVD]
Definitions
- the present invention relates to a PVD ceramic thin film coating cutting insert that can be suitably used for the processing of difficult-to-reduce materials such as Inconel or titanium.
- cemented carbide As a base material for abrasion-resistant tools or cutting tools used for cutting metal, cemented carbide (WC-Co alloy), TiC or Ti(C,N), etc. are mainly used as hard materials, and Co, Ni, and Fe are used as binders. Cermet, other ceramics or high-speed steels are used.
- cemented carbide is a composite material in which hard tungsten carbide (WC) particles are dispersed in a binder metal such as cobalt (Co), nickel (Ni), or iron (Fe), which has excellent toughness. It is widely used as a base material.
- a grain growth inhibitory substance such as vanadium carbide (VC) is added to obtain a microstructure, or to reduce the concentration of the binder metal on the surface of the sintered body. Microstructure control such as or hatching has been used a lot.
- a ceramic insert is coated on a cutting insert for machining a difficult-to-cut material to prevent heat-blocking effect, abrasion resistance, and adhesion with a cemented carbide base material during cutting.
- a problem to be solved by the present invention is to provide a cutting insert capable of prolonging life by suppressing plastic deformation of a ceramic thin film generated at the edge of a cutting insert during machining of difficult-to-cut materials and suppressing adhesion of a base material.
- SMS Saturation magnetization value of sintered body ⁇ 100/TMS
- the cutting insert according to the present invention through the combination of a cemented carbide base material having a microstructure controlled to improve plastic deformation and prevent adhesion, and a thin ceramic thin film with improved adhesion and hardness, are used for cutting inserts under high temperature and high pressure. By suppressing the damage of the ceramic thin film generated at the edge of the blade and the adhesion of the base material, it is possible to greatly improve the life of the cutting insert used in the machining of difficult-to-cut materials.
- Figure 1 shows the state after the cutting test of the cutting insert according to the Examples and Comparative Examples of the present invention.
- cemented carbide used as a base material used in the cutting tool according to the embodiment of the present invention was manufactured through the following process, and cemented carbide according to various compositions and processes was prepared together with the base material according to the embodiment of the present invention.
- 'A( ⁇ m)' means the maximum size in the inscribed diameter that can be inserted into the Co structure after sintering.
- 'B(%)' means the ratio of the area of the Co structure in which the area of 1.5 ⁇ m x 1.5 ⁇ m (horizontal ⁇ vertical) enters the interior of the Co structure in the Co structure after sintering.
- 'Particle size 4.5' means that the average particle size of the starting powder used in the production is 4.5 ⁇ m.
- 'Particle size 2.5' means that the average particle size of the starting powder used in the production is 2.5 ⁇ m.
- 'Particle size 1.0' means that the average particle size of the starting powder used in the preparation is 1.0 ⁇ m.
Landscapes
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
- Cutting Tools, Boring Holders, And Turrets (AREA)
- Powder Metallurgy (AREA)
Abstract
The present invention relates to a PVD ceramic thin film coated cutting insert that can be suitably used for processing difficult-to-cut materials having low thermal conductivity, such as Inconel and titanium. The cutting insert according to the present invention comprises: a cemented carbide base material having an SMS value of 50-80% obtained by following [Equation 1], wherein, when any part of the cemented carbide base material is observed at 20,000X magnification with a scanning electron microscope, the area of a Co structure in which an area of 1.5 ㎛ × 1.5 ㎛ (width × length) of the Co structure enters is 10% or less of the total area of the Co structure; and a ceramic thin film having a thickness of 0.4-1.5 ㎛ formed on the cemented carbide base material. [Equation 1] SMS = saturation magnetization value of a sintered body × 100/TMS (TMS = mass ratio of 2010 × Co)
Description
본 발명은 인코넬이나 티타늄과 같이 열전도도가 낮은 난삭재의 가공에 적합하게 사용될 수 있는 PVD 세라믹 박막 코팅 절삭 인써트에 관한 것이다.The present invention relates to a PVD ceramic thin film coating cutting insert that can be suitably used for the processing of difficult-to-reduce materials such as Inconel or titanium.
금속의 절삭 가공에 사용되는 내마모성 공구나 절삭 공구의 모재로는, 주로 초경합금(WC-Co 합금), TiC나 Ti(C,N) 등을 경질재로 사용하고 Co, Ni, Fe를 바인더로 사용한 써메트(cermet), 기타 세라믹 또는 고속도강 등이 사용된다.As a base material for abrasion-resistant tools or cutting tools used for cutting metal, cemented carbide (WC-Co alloy), TiC or Ti(C,N), etc. are mainly used as hard materials, and Co, Ni, and Fe are used as binders. Cermet, other ceramics or high-speed steels are used.
이중, 초경합금은 경질의 텅스텐 탄화물(WC) 입자가 인성이 우수한 코발트(Co), 니켈(Ni) 또는 철(Fe)과 같은 바인더 금속에 분산되어 있는 복합재료로, 경도가 높고 인성이 강하여 절삭공구용 모재로 널리 사용되고 있다. 이러한 절삭공구용 모재의 내마모성, 인성, 고온특성과 같은 기계적 물성을 향상시키기 위하여 탄화바나듐(VC)과 같은 결정립 성장 억제 물질을 첨가하여 미립조직을 얻거나, 소결체 표면에 바인더 금속의 농도를 감소시키거나 부화시키는 것과 같은 미세조직 제어가 많이 사용되어 왔다.Among them, cemented carbide is a composite material in which hard tungsten carbide (WC) particles are dispersed in a binder metal such as cobalt (Co), nickel (Ni), or iron (Fe), which has excellent toughness. It is widely used as a base material. In order to improve the mechanical properties such as wear resistance, toughness and high temperature characteristics of the base material for cutting tools, a grain growth inhibitory substance such as vanadium carbide (VC) is added to obtain a microstructure, or to reduce the concentration of the binder metal on the surface of the sintered body. Microstructure control such as or hatching has been used a lot.
ISO 피삭재 분류상 S 영역에 해당되는 인코넬, 티타늄(Ti) 합금 등은 경도와 인장강도가 높으면서 열전도도가 낮아 매우 가공이 어려운 난삭재에 해당된다. 일반적으로 난삭재의 가공에서는 절삭공구 절미를 향상시키는 날카로운 인선 형태를 적용하는데, 이 구성은 높은 경도를 가지면서 동시에 용착성이 있는 난삭재의 저속가공에서 구선 인선을 최소화하기 위한 선택이다.In accordance with ISO classification, Inconel, titanium (Ti) alloy, etc., which fall within the S region, are difficult to process materials with high hardness and tensile strength and low thermal conductivity. In general, in the machining of difficult-to-cut materials, a sharp cutting edge shape that improves cutting tool cutting is applied, and this configuration is a choice for minimizing the cutting edge in low-speed processing of weldable hard-cut materials with high hardness.
그런데, 실제 열전도도가 매우 낮은 난삭재의 절삭가공에서는 날카로운 절삭 인써트의 날끝에 가공열이 집중되기 때문에 용착에 의한 날끝의 파괴를 효과적으로 막기가 매우 어려운 실정이다. 이러한 이유로, 일반적으로 난삭재 가공용 절삭 인써트에 절삭가공 시 열차단 효과, 내마모성 향상 효과, 초경합금 모재와의 용착을 막기 위해 세라믹 물질을 코팅한다.However, in the cutting process of a difficult-to-cut material having a very low thermal conductivity, it is very difficult to effectively prevent the destruction of the edge of the blade by welding because the machining heat is concentrated at the edge of the sharp cutting insert. For this reason, in general, a ceramic insert is coated on a cutting insert for machining a difficult-to-cut material to prevent heat-blocking effect, abrasion resistance, and adhesion with a cemented carbide base material during cutting.
한편, 세라믹 물질이 코팅된 절삭 인써트를 난삭재 가공에 사용한 후, 날끝의 손상 부위를 자세히 관찰하면, 세라믹 박막의 뜯김과 부서짐 손상이 발생하면서 모재와의 용착 및 급속마모가 진행되는 것을 확인할 수 있다. 따라서, 난삭재용 절삭 인써트의 수명을 증가시키기 위해서는 절삭 가공시 발생하는 세라믹 박막의 뜯김과 부서짐 손상을 억제할 수 있는 것이 중요하다.On the other hand, after using the cutting insert coated with the ceramic material for the processing of the difficult-to-cut material, it can be seen that the damage to the edge of the blade is closely observed and the adhesion and rapid wear of the base material proceed while the tearing and breaking of the ceramic thin film occurs. . Therefore, in order to increase the life of the cutting insert for difficult-to-cut materials, it is important to be able to suppress tearing and chipping damage of the ceramic thin film generated during cutting.
본 발명의 해결 과제는 난삭재 가공시 절삭 인써트의 날끝 부위에서 발생하는 세라믹 박막의 소성변형을 억제하고 모재의 용착을 억제함으로써, 수명을 연장시킬 수 있는 절삭 인써트를 제공하는데 있다.A problem to be solved by the present invention is to provide a cutting insert capable of prolonging life by suppressing plastic deformation of a ceramic thin film generated at the edge of a cutting insert during machining of difficult-to-cut materials and suppressing adhesion of a base material.
상기 과제를 해결하기 위한 수단으로 본 발명은, 임의의 부분을 주사전자현미경을 이용하여 2만배로 관찰하였을 때, 1.5㎛×1.5㎛(가로×세로)의 면적이 내부에 들어가는 Co 조직의 면적이 전체 Co 조직 면적의 10% 이하이고, 하기 [식 1]에 의해 구해지는 SMS 값이 50 ~ 80%인 초경합금 모재와, 상기 초경합금 모재 상에 형성된 두께 0.4 ~ 1.5㎛의 세라믹 박막을 포함하는, 난삭재용 절삭 인써트를 제공한다.As a means for solving the above problems, the present invention, when an arbitrary portion is observed 20,000 times using a scanning electron microscope, the area of the Co tissue in which an area of 1.5 μm×1.5 μm (horizontal×vertical) enters therein It is difficult to cut, comprising a cemented carbide base material having an SMS value of 50 to 80%, which is 10% or less of the total Co tissue area, and the thickness of 0.4 to 1.5 µm formed on the cemented carbide base material, with an SMS value of 50 to 80% obtained by the following [Formula 1]. Recycling cutting inserts are provided.
[식 1][Equation 1]
SMS = 소결체의 포화자화값×100/TMSSMS = Saturation magnetization value of sintered body × 100/TMS
(TMS = 2010×Co의 질량비)(TMS = 2010×Co mass ratio)
본 발명에 따른 절삭 인써트는, 내소성변형성이 향상되고 용착이 잘 일어나지 않도록 제어된 미세조직을 구비한 초경합금 모재와 밀착도와 경도가 강화된 얇은 세라믹 박막의 조합을 통해, 고온, 고압하의 절삭 인써트의 날끝에서 발생하는 세라믹 박막의 손상과 모재의 용착을 억제하여, 난삭재 가공에 사용되는 절삭 인써트의 수명을 크게 향상시킬 수 있다.The cutting insert according to the present invention, through the combination of a cemented carbide base material having a microstructure controlled to improve plastic deformation and prevent adhesion, and a thin ceramic thin film with improved adhesion and hardness, are used for cutting inserts under high temperature and high pressure. By suppressing the damage of the ceramic thin film generated at the edge of the blade and the adhesion of the base material, it is possible to greatly improve the life of the cutting insert used in the machining of difficult-to-cut materials.
도 1은 본 발명의 실시예 및 비교예에 따른 절삭 인써트의 절삭 시험 후의 상태를 나타낸 것이다.Figure 1 shows the state after the cutting test of the cutting insert according to the Examples and Comparative Examples of the present invention.
이하, 첨부 도면을 참조하여 본 발명의 실시예를 상세히 설명한다. 그러나 다음에 예시하는 본 발명의 실시예는 여러 가지 다른 형태로 변형될 수 있으며, 본 발명의 범위가 다음에 상술하는 실시예에 한정되는 것은 아니다. 본 발명의 실시예는 당 업계에서 평균적인 지식을 가진 자에게 본 발명을 보다 완전하게 설명하기 위하여 제공되는 것이다.Hereinafter, embodiments of the present invention will be described in detail with reference to the accompanying drawings. However, the embodiments of the present invention exemplified below may be modified in various other forms, and the scope of the present invention is not limited to the embodiments described below. The embodiments of the present invention are provided to more fully describe the present invention to those skilled in the art.
난삭재의 가공 시에, 고온, 고압하의 절삭 인써트의 날끝에서 미세한 소성변형이 발생하고, 이러한 미세한 소성변형에 의해 세라믹 박막이 부서지며, 이로 인해 노출된 모재 부분에서 급격한 용착이 일어나 큰 용착 탈락으로 이어져, 결과적으로 인선 손상을 초래한다. 특히, 부절인부 박막이 마모된 후에 모재와 피삭재 간의 용착 현상이 가공 조도(roughness)를 악화시켜 절삭 인써트의 수명을 단축시키는 주요한 원인이 된다.In the processing of difficult-to-cut materials, fine plastic deformation occurs at the edge of the cutting insert under high temperature and high pressure, and the ceramic thin film is broken by the fine plastic deformation, which causes rapid welding in the exposed base material part, leading to large welding detachment. , Resulting in damage to the edges. In particular, the welding phenomenon between the base material and the work piece after the thin film of the incision is worn is a major cause of deteriorating the roughness and shortening the life of the cutting insert.
본 발명에 따른 절삭 인써트는, 임의의 부분을 주사전자현미경을 이용하여 2만배로 관찰하였을때, 1.5㎛×1.5㎛(가로×세로)의 면적이 내부에 들어가는 Co 조직의 면적이 전체 Co 조직 면적의 10% 이하이고, 하기 [식 1]에 의해 구해지는 SMS 값이 50 ~ 80%인 초경합금 모재와, 상기 초경합금 모재 상에 형성된 두께 0.4 ~ 1.5㎛의 세라믹 박막을 포함하는 것을 특징으로 한다.In the cutting insert according to the present invention, when an arbitrary portion is observed at 20,000 times using a scanning electron microscope, the area of the Co tissue in which an area of 1.5 μm×1.5 μm (horizontal×vertical) enters is the total Co tissue area. It is characterized in that it comprises a ceramic thin film having a thickness of less than 10%, the SMS value obtained by the following [Equation 1] of 50 to 80%, and a thickness of 0.4 to 1.5 μm formed on the cemented carbide base material.
[식 1][Equation 1]
SMS = 소결체의 포화자화값×100/TMSSMS = Saturation magnetization value of sintered body × 100/TMS
(TMS = 2010×Co의 질량비)(TMS = 2010×Co mass ratio)
본 발명은, 모재로 SMS 값이 50 ~ 80%인 초경합금을 사용함으로써 내소성변형성을 향상시켜 세라믹 박막의 부서짐을 억제하고, 동시에 모재를 구성하는 Co의 미세 조직을 1.5㎛×1.5㎛(가로×세로)의 면적이 내부에 들어가는 Co 조직의 면적이 전체 Co 조직 면적의 10% 이하가 되도록 하여 세라믹 박막이 변형에 의해 부서지더라도 용착이 쉽게 발생하지 않도록 하였다. 또한 초경합금 모재에 형성되는 세라믹 박막의 두께를 얇게 형성하였다. 이러한 여러 구성의 조합을 통해, 난삭재 가공용 절삭 인써트의 수명을 크게 향상시킬 수 있다.The present invention, by using a cemented carbide having a SMS value of 50 to 80% as the base material, improves plastic deformation, suppresses the breakage of the ceramic thin film, and at the same time, the microstructure of Co constituting the base material is 1.5 μm×1.5 μm (horizontal× The area of the vertical structure) so that the area of the Co structure entering the interior was 10% or less of the total Co structure area was prevented from easily occurring even if the ceramic thin film was broken by deformation. In addition, the thickness of the ceramic thin film formed on the cemented carbide base material was formed thin. Through the combination of these various configurations, it is possible to greatly improve the life of the cutting insert for machining difficult-to-cut materials.
상기 초경합금 모재는, Co 4 ~ 8중량%, 텅스텐(W)를 제외한 주기율표 중 4족, 5족, 6족 금속에서 선택되는 1종 이상의 금속의 탄화물, 탄질화물, 탄산질화물 또는 이들의 혼합물을 포함하는 입성장억제제와 희토류 원소의 합이 5중량% 이하, 나머지 WC와 불가피한 불순물을 포함할 수 있다.The cemented carbide base material includes carbides, carbonitrides, carbonitrides or mixtures of one or more metals selected from Group 4, 5, and 6 metals in the periodic table excluding Co 4 to 8% by weight and tungsten (W). The sum of the grain growth inhibitor and the rare earth element is 5% by weight or less, and may include the remaining WC and unavoidable impurities.
상기 Co는 주경질상인 WC를 잡아주는 바인더 역할을 하는 것으로, Co 함량이 증가함에 따라 인성이 증가하고 함량이 감소함에 따라 인성이 감소하는 경향을 보인다. Co함량이 4중량% 미만일 경우 모재의 인성이 부족하게 되고, Co 함량이 8중량%를 초과하게 될 경우, 내소성변형성이 낮아지므로, 4 ~ 8중량%가 바람직하다.The Co acts as a binder to hold the main hard phase WC, and the toughness increases as the Co content increases and the toughness decreases as the content decreases. When the Co content is less than 4% by weight, the toughness of the base material is insufficient, and when the Co content exceeds 8% by weight, plastic deformation is lowered, so 4 to 8% by weight is preferable.
상기 입성장억제제는 5중량%를 초과할 경우 WC와 바인더와의 결합력이 떨어져 외부로부터 받는 충격에 의해 WC와 바인더 간의 균열발생이 쉽게 일어나기 때문에 공구수명을 저하시킬 수 있기 때문에, 입성장억제제는 5중량% 이하로 포함하는 것이 바람직하다. 또한, 입성장억제제의 함량이 0.1중량% 미만일 경우 입성장억제 효과의 감소와 고온 내소성변형성이 감소할 수 있으므로, 0.1중량% 이상으로 포함하는 것이 보다 바람직하다. 또한, 상기 초경합금에는 고용강화 효과를 갖도록 하는 희토류 원소를 1종 이상 선택적으로 포함할 수 있으며, 이 경우 입성장억제제와 희토류 원소의 합이 5중량% 이하가 되도록 하는 것이 바람직하다. 희토류 원소로는 예를 들어 루테늄(Ru), 가돌리늄(Gd), 레늄(Re) 등이 사용될 수도 있다.When the grain growth inhibitor exceeds 5% by weight, since the bonding force between the WC and the binder is lowered and cracks between the WC and the binder are easily generated due to the impact received from the outside, the tool life can be reduced, so the grain growth inhibitor is 5 It is preferable to contain it by weight% or less. In addition, when the content of the particle growth inhibitor is less than 0.1% by weight, the particle growth inhibitory effect may be reduced and the high temperature plastic deformation may be reduced, so it is more preferable to include 0.1% by weight or more. In addition, the cemented carbide may optionally include one or more rare earth elements to have a solid solution strengthening effect, in which case it is preferable that the sum of the grain growth inhibitor and the rare earth elements is 5% by weight or less. As the rare earth element, for example, ruthenium (Ru), gadolinium (Gd), rhenium (Re), or the like may be used.
상기 불가피한 불순물이란, 원료 및 제조과정에서 의도하지 않게 혼입되는 불순물로, 0.1중량% 이하, 바람직하게는 0.01중량% 이하가 되도록 한다.The unavoidable impurities are impurities that are unintentionally incorporated in the raw material and the manufacturing process, and are set to be 0.1% by weight or less, preferably 0.01% by weight or less.
상기 초경합금 모재는, 기계적 물성을 저하시키는 델타(δ) 상과 프리카본(free carbon) 상과 같은 비정상 조직을 실질적으로 포함하지 않는 것이 바람직하다.It is preferable that the base material of the cemented carbide does not substantially contain abnormal structures such as a delta (δ) phase and a free carbon phase that degrade mechanical properties.
상기 초경합금 모재와 세라믹 박막간의 밀착도는 스크레치 테스터로 75N 이상을 유지하는 것이 바람직하다. 밀착도는 상기 범위 이상이면 본 발명에서 목적하는 효과를 달성할 수 있으므로, 그 상한값은 특별히 제한하지 않는다.The adhesion between the cemented carbide base material and the ceramic thin film is preferably maintained at least 75N with a scratch tester. If the degree of adhesion is more than the above range, the desired effect in the present invention can be achieved, so the upper limit is not particularly limited.
상기 세라믹 박막의 경도는 절삭가공 시의 미세 소성변형을 억제하기 위하여, 30GPa 이상인 것이 바람직하다.The hardness of the ceramic thin film is preferably 30 GPa or more in order to suppress microplastic deformation during cutting.
상기 세라믹 박막은 PVD법으로 형성되는 Ti1-a-bAlaMebN(Me은 Si, W, Nb, Mo, Ta, Hf, Zr, Y 중에서 선택되는 적어도 1종, 0.3≤a≤0.7, 0≤b≤0.1)을 포함하는 1층 이상으로 이루어질 수 있다.The ceramic thin film is Ti 1-ab Al a Me b N formed by PVD method (Me is at least one selected from Si, W, Nb, Mo, Ta, Hf, Zr, Y, 0.3≤a≤0.7, 0 ≤b≤0.1).
본 발명의 실시예에 따른 절삭공구에 사용된 모재인 초경합금은 다음과 같은 공정을 통해 제조하였으며, 본 발명의 실시예에 따른 모재와의 비교를 위하여 다양한 조성 및 공정에 따른 초경합금을 함께 제조하였다.The cemented carbide used as a base material used in the cutting tool according to the embodiment of the present invention was manufactured through the following process, and cemented carbide according to various compositions and processes was prepared together with the base material according to the embodiment of the present invention.
이를 위해, 먼저 아래 표 1의 조성을 갖도록 초경합금 제조용 원료분말을 제조하였다.To this end, first, a raw material powder for manufacturing a cemented carbide was prepared to have the composition shown in Table 1 below.
상기와 같이 준비된 원료분말에 초경 볼과 유기용매를 첨가하여 13시간 혼합 분쇄 이후 건조해 혼합분말을 얻었다. 얻어진 혼합분말을 가지고 CNMA120408(한국야금)의 형번의 금형으로 2ton/㎠의 압력으로 프레스를 수행하여 성형체를 제조하였다.Carbide balls and an organic solvent were added to the raw material powder prepared as described above, followed by mixing and grinding for 13 hours to obtain a mixed powder. With the obtained mixed powder, a press was performed by pressing at a pressure of 2 ton/cm 2 with a mold of CNMA120408 (Korea Metallurgy).
다음으로, 600℃에서 탈지(dewaxing) 공정을 수행하여, 성형체 제조과정에 투입된 유기 바인더 성분을 제거한 후, 불활성 가스 분위기에서 소결온도 1450℃, 소결시간 1 ~ 2시간의 조건으로 소결을 진행하고, 600℃까지 불활성 가스 분위기에서 소정의 냉각 속도로 냉각시킨 후, 이후 자연 냉각시키는 방법으로 소결공정을 수행하였다.Next, by performing a dewaxing process at 600°C, after removing the organic binder component introduced in the manufacturing process of the molded body, sintering is performed in an inert gas atmosphere under conditions of a sintering temperature of 1450°C and a sintering time of 1 to 2 hours, After cooling at a predetermined cooling rate in an inert gas atmosphere up to 600° C., a sintering process was performed by natural cooling.
순번turn | WCWC | 모재 조성(중량%)Base material composition (% by weight) | A(㎛)A(㎛) | B (%)B (%) | SMS(%)SMS (%) | 박막두께(㎛)Thin film thickness (㎛) | 비고Remark | |||
입도4.5Particle size 4.5 | 입도2.5Particle size 2.5 | 입도1.0Granularity 1.0 | CoCo | Cr3C2 Cr 3 C 2 | ||||||
1One | 92.892.8 | 66 | 1.21.2 | 3.23.2 | 72%72% | 6262 | 0.60.6 | 비교예Comparative example | ||
22 | 42.842.8 | 5050 | 66 | 1.21.2 | 2.42.4 | 63%63% | 6161 | 0.60.6 | 비교예Comparative example | |
33 | 92.892.8 | 66 | 1.21.2 | 1.91.9 | 48%48% | 6262 | 0.70.7 | 비교예Comparative example | ||
44 | 7070 | 22.822.8 | 66 | 1.21.2 | 1.41.4 | 9%9% | 6262 | 0.60.6 | 실시예Example | |
55 | 22.822.8 | 7070 | 66 | 1.21.2 | 1.11.1 | 3%3% | 6060 | 0.70.7 | 실시예Example | |
66 | 92.892.8 | 66 | 1.21.2 | 0.70.7 | 1%One% | 6161 | 0.70.7 | 실시예Example |
상기 표 1에서, 'A(㎛)'는 소결후 Co 조직 내에 삽입 가능한 내접 직경에서 최대의 크기를 의미한다. 'B(%)'는 소결후 Co 조직에 있어서, 1.5㎛×1.5㎛(가로×세로)의 면적이 내부에 들어가는 Co 조직의 면적이 전체 Co 조직 면적에서 차지하는 비율을 의미한다. '입도 4.5'는 제조에 사용된 출발 분말의 평균입도가 4.5㎛임을 의미한다. '입도 2.5'는 제조에 사용된 출발 분말의 평균입도가 2.5㎛임을 의미한다. '입도 1.0'은 제조에 사용된 출발 분말의 평균입도가 1.0㎛임을 의미한다.In Table 1,'A(㎛)' means the maximum size in the inscribed diameter that can be inserted into the Co structure after sintering. 'B(%)' means the ratio of the area of the Co structure in which the area of 1.5 µm x 1.5 µm (horizontal × vertical) enters the interior of the Co structure in the Co structure after sintering. 'Particle size 4.5' means that the average particle size of the starting powder used in the production is 4.5 µm. 'Particle size 2.5' means that the average particle size of the starting powder used in the production is 2.5 µm. 'Particle size 1.0' means that the average particle size of the starting powder used in the preparation is 1.0 µm.
상기 표 1에 나타낸 바와 같이, WC 입도의 조절을 통해, 소결후 Co 조직에 있어서, 1.5㎛×1.5㎛(가로×세로)의 면적이 내부에 들어가는 Co 조직의 면적이 전체 Co 조직 면적에서 차지하는 비율을 제어할 수 있다. 비교예(시편번호 No.1 ~ 3)의 경우, 상기 비율이 48% 이상이 되나, 실시예(시편번호 No.4 ~ 5)의 경우, 상기 비율이 10% 미만으로 이루어져 있다. 즉, 본 발명의 실시예에 따른 초경합금의 미세조직은, 1.5㎛×1.5㎛(가로×세로)의 면적이 내부에 들어가는 조대한 Co 조직이 거의 없는 상태로 제어되었다.As shown in Table 1, through the control of the WC particle size, in the Co structure after sintering, the ratio of the area of the Co structure in which the area of 1.5 μm×1.5 μm (horizontal×vertical) enters the total Co tissue area Can be controlled. In the case of the comparative example (Psalm Nos. 1 to 3), the ratio is more than 48%, but in the case of the embodiment (Psalm Nos. 4 to 5), the ratio is less than 10%. That is, the microstructure of the cemented carbide according to the embodiment of the present invention was controlled in a state where there is almost no coarse Co structure in which an area of 1.5 μm×1.5 μm (horizontal×vertical) enters therein.
한편, 초경합금의 SMS는 60 ~ 62%를 유지함으로써, 내소성변형성이 일정 수준 이상이 되도록 유지하였으며, 델타상이나 프리카본과 같은 비정상 조직은 확인되지 않았다.On the other hand, by maintaining the SMS of the cemented carbide 60 to 62%, the plastic deformation was maintained above a certain level, and abnormal tissues such as delta phase and free carbon were not identified.
이상과 같이 제조된 총 6종의 초경합금 모재의 표면에, 상기 표 1과 같이, 상용화된 PVD법을 사용하여, 0.6 ~ 0.7㎛가 되도록 두께를 제어하여, Ti0.46Al0.52Si0.02N 박막을 코팅하였고, 상기 박막의 밀착도는 95N가 되도록 하였다.On the surface of all 6 types of cemented carbide base materials prepared as described above, by using a commercialized PVD method as shown in Table 1, the thickness was controlled to be 0.6 to 0.7 μm, and Ti 0.46 Al 0.52 Si 0.02 N thin film was coated. And, the adhesion of the thin film was set to 95N.
절삭 성능 평가Cutting performance evaluation
이상과 같이 세라믹 박막이 형성된 절삭 인써트를 다음과 같은 조건으로 내마모성을 평가하였으며, 그 결과를 아래 표 2에 정리하였다.As described above, the wear resistance of the cutting insert formed with the ceramic thin film was evaluated under the following conditions, and the results are summarized in Table 2 below.
- 피삭재: Inconel 718, Φ100-Workpiece: Inconel 718, Φ100
- Vc(절삭속도): 50mm/min-Vc (cutting speed): 50mm/min
- fn(이송속도): 0.25mm/rev-fn (feed speed): 0.25mm/rev
- ap(절입깊이): 2.0mm-ap (depth of cut): 2.0mm
- 건/습식: 습식(wet)-Dry/Wet: Wet
순번turn | 4분 가공 후 조도(Ra;㎛)Roughness after 4 minutes processing (Ra;㎛) | 비고Remark |
1One | 2.62.6 | 비교예Comparative example |
22 | 2.42.4 | 비교예Comparative example |
33 | 1.91.9 | 비교예Comparative example |
44 | 0.90.9 | 실시예Example |
55 | 0.80.8 | 실시예Example |
66 | 0.80.8 | 실시예Example |
도 1에서 확인되는 바와 같이, No.1 ~ No.2에 따른 절삭 인서트의 경우, 2분간 정도의 가공에도 용착 현상이 나타나기 시작하고 이어지는 가공에서 용착부분이 조대해지는 현상이 나타났다. 또한, No.3에 따른 절삭 인서트는 3분 간의 가공에서 용착 현상이 나타나기 시작하고 이어지는 가공에서 마찬가지로 용착부분이 커지는 현상이 나타났다. 이에 따라, 4분 가공후의 No.1 ~ No.3에 따른 절삭 인서트의 가공 조도는 1.9 ~ 2.6㎛ 수준으로 좋지 않은 상태를 나타내었다.As can be seen in FIG. 1, in the case of the cutting inserts according to Nos. 1 to No. 2, welding phenomena began to appear in the machining for about 2 minutes, and the welded portions became coarse in subsequent machining. In addition, in the cutting insert according to No. 3, a welding phenomenon began to appear in 3 minutes of machining, and in the subsequent machining, a welded portion also increased. Accordingly, the machining roughness of the cutting inserts according to Nos. 1 to No. 3 after 4 minutes of machining was 1.9 to 2.6 μm, indicating a poor condition.
이에 비해, 본 발명의 실시예인 No.4 ~ No.6에 따른 절삭 인서트는, 4분간의 가공에도 용착 현상이 거의 관찰되지 않았고, 가공 조도도 0.8 ~ 0.9㎛ 수준으로 양호하게 나타났다.On the other hand, in the cutting inserts according to the examples No. 4 to No. 6 of the present invention, welding was hardly observed even for 4 minutes of machining, and the machining roughness was also good at a level of 0.8 to 0.9 μm.
즉, 본 발명의 실시예에 따른 절삭 인써트는 인코넬과 같은 난삭재 가공에 우수한 절삭 성능을 발휘할 수 있음을 알 수 있다.That is, it can be seen that the cutting insert according to the embodiment of the present invention can exhibit excellent cutting performance in machining difficult-to-cut materials such as Inconel.
본 발명은 대한민국 산업통상자원부와 한국산업기술평가관리원으로부터 지원받은 미래성장동력사업의 "항공·에너지 플랜트 고경도 내열합금 가공용 코팅초경/cBN/세라믹스 공구 개발과제"(과제고유번호 10067065)를 수행하여 이루어졌다.The present invention was carried out by the Ministry of Trade, Industry and Energy of the Ministry of Trade, Industry and Energy and the Korea Institute of Industrial Technology Evaluation and Management, "Development of Coating Carbide/cBN/Ceramic Tool for High-Hardness Heat-resistant Alloy Processing" of the Future Growth Engine Project (Task No. 10067065) It was done.
Claims (6)
- 임의의 부분을 주사전자현미경을 이용하여 2만배로 관찰하였을때, 1.5㎛×1.5㎛(가로×세로)의 면적이 내부에 들어가는 Co 조직의 면적이 전체 Co 조직 면적의 10% 이하이고, 하기 [식 1]에 의해 구해지는 SMS 값이 50 ~ 80%인 초경합금 모재와,When an arbitrary portion was observed by 20,000 times using a scanning electron microscope, the area of the Co tissue in which an area of 1.5 µm x 1.5 µm (horizontal × vertical) entered was 10% or less of the total Co tissue area, and the following [ Cemented carbide base material having an SMS value of 50 to 80% obtained by Equation 1],상기 초경합금 모재 상에 형성된 두께 0.4 ~ 1.5㎛의 세라믹 박막을 포함하는, 난삭재용 절삭 인써트.Cutting insert for difficult-to-cut material comprising a ceramic thin film of 0.4 ~ 1.5㎛ thickness formed on the cemented carbide base material.[식 1][Equation 1]SMS = 소결체의 포화자화값×100/TMSSMS = Saturation magnetization value of sintered body × 100/TMS(TMS = 2010×Co의 질량비)(TMS = 2010×Co mass ratio)
- 제1항에 있어서,According to claim 1,상기 초경합금 모재는, Co 4 ~ 8중량%, 텅스텐(W)를 제외한 주기율표 중 4족, 5족, 6족 금속에서 선택되는 1종 이상의 금속의 탄화물, 탄질화물, 탄산질화물, 또는 이들의 혼합물을 포함하는 입성장억제제와 희토류 원소의 합이 5중량% 이하, 나머지 WC와 불가피한 불순물을 포함하는 초경합금인, 난삭재용 절삭 인써트.The cemented carbide base material is a carbide, carbonitride, carbonitride, or mixtures of one or more metals selected from Group 4, 5, and 6 metals in the periodic table excluding Co 4 ~ 8 wt%, tungsten (W) A cutting insert for a difficult-to-cut material, wherein the sum of the grain growth inhibitor and rare earth elements contained is 5% by weight or less, and the remaining WC and cemented carbide containing unavoidable impurities.
- 제1항에 있어서,According to claim 1,상기 초경합금 모재는, 델타 또는 프리카본과 같은 비정상 조직이 없는, 난삭재용 절삭 인써트.The cemented carbide base material has no abnormal structure, such as delta or free carbon, cutting insert for difficult materials.
- 제1항에 있어서,According to claim 1,상기 초경합금 모재와 세라믹 박막간의 밀착도는 스크레치 테스터로 75N 이상인, 난삭재용 절삭 인써트.The adhesiveness between the cemented carbide base material and the ceramic thin film is 75 N or more as a scratch tester, cutting insert for difficult materials.
- 제1항에 있어서,According to claim 1,상기 세라믹 박막의 경도는 30GPa 이상인, 난삭재용 절삭 인써트.Hardness of the ceramic thin film is 30GPa or more, cutting insert for difficult materials.
- 제1항에 있어서,According to claim 1,상기 세라믹 박막은, PVD법으로 형성되는 Ti1-a-bAlaMebN(Me은 Si, W, Nb, Mo, Ta, Hf, Zr, Y 중에서 선택되는 적어도 1종, 0.3≤a≤0.7, 0≤b≤0.1)을 포함하는 1층 이상으로 이루어진, 난삭재용 절삭 인써트.The ceramic thin film, Ti 1-ab Al a Me b N formed by PVD method (Me is at least one selected from Si, W, Nb, Mo, Ta, Hf, Zr, Y, 0.3≤a≤0.7, Cutting insert for difficult-to-cut material, consisting of one or more layers including 0≤b≤0.1).
Applications Claiming Priority (2)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
KR10-2018-0151846 | 2018-11-30 | ||
KR1020180151846A KR102178996B1 (en) | 2018-11-30 | 2018-11-30 | Cutting insert for heat resistant alloy |
Publications (1)
Publication Number | Publication Date |
---|---|
WO2020111658A1 true WO2020111658A1 (en) | 2020-06-04 |
Family
ID=70852820
Family Applications (1)
Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
---|---|---|---|
PCT/KR2019/016025 WO2020111658A1 (en) | 2018-11-30 | 2019-11-21 | Cutting insert for difficult-to-cut materials |
Country Status (2)
Country | Link |
---|---|
KR (1) | KR102178996B1 (en) |
WO (1) | WO2020111658A1 (en) |
Cited By (1)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
PL441123A1 (en) * | 2022-05-08 | 2023-11-13 | Zakład Mechaniki Maszyn Bukpol Łagodziński Spółka Jawna | Flat relieved tooth end mill for high-performance machining of non-ferrous metals, especially aluminum alloys with low silicon content |
Citations (7)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
US5188489A (en) * | 1991-05-31 | 1993-02-23 | Kennametal Inc. | Coated cutting insert |
KR20070110318A (en) * | 2005-03-28 | 2007-11-16 | 쿄세라 코포레이션 | Super hard alloy and cutting tool |
US20120093597A1 (en) * | 2009-04-27 | 2012-04-19 | Stefan Ederyd | Cemented Carbide Tools |
JP2013111711A (en) * | 2011-11-29 | 2013-06-10 | Mitsubishi Materials Corp | Cutting tool made of diamond-coated cemented carbide excellent in toughness and wear resistance |
KR20150111476A (en) * | 2014-03-25 | 2015-10-06 | 한국야금 주식회사 | Sintered body of cemented carbide for cutting tools |
KR101792534B1 (en) * | 2016-05-30 | 2017-11-02 | 한국야금 주식회사 | Cemented carbide cutting tools |
KR101859644B1 (en) * | 2017-11-28 | 2018-05-18 | 한국야금 주식회사 | Sintered alloy for cutting tools and cutting tools for heat resistant alloy |
Family Cites Families (2)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
KR20100130752A (en) * | 2009-06-04 | 2010-12-14 | 한국야금 주식회사 | Multi-layer pvd film for cutting tool |
KR101536462B1 (en) * | 2013-12-23 | 2015-07-24 | 한국야금 주식회사 | Coated film for cutting tools for machining hrsa and cast iron |
-
2018
- 2018-11-30 KR KR1020180151846A patent/KR102178996B1/en active IP Right Grant
-
2019
- 2019-11-21 WO PCT/KR2019/016025 patent/WO2020111658A1/en active Application Filing
Patent Citations (7)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
US5188489A (en) * | 1991-05-31 | 1993-02-23 | Kennametal Inc. | Coated cutting insert |
KR20070110318A (en) * | 2005-03-28 | 2007-11-16 | 쿄세라 코포레이션 | Super hard alloy and cutting tool |
US20120093597A1 (en) * | 2009-04-27 | 2012-04-19 | Stefan Ederyd | Cemented Carbide Tools |
JP2013111711A (en) * | 2011-11-29 | 2013-06-10 | Mitsubishi Materials Corp | Cutting tool made of diamond-coated cemented carbide excellent in toughness and wear resistance |
KR20150111476A (en) * | 2014-03-25 | 2015-10-06 | 한국야금 주식회사 | Sintered body of cemented carbide for cutting tools |
KR101792534B1 (en) * | 2016-05-30 | 2017-11-02 | 한국야금 주식회사 | Cemented carbide cutting tools |
KR101859644B1 (en) * | 2017-11-28 | 2018-05-18 | 한국야금 주식회사 | Sintered alloy for cutting tools and cutting tools for heat resistant alloy |
Cited By (1)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
PL441123A1 (en) * | 2022-05-08 | 2023-11-13 | Zakład Mechaniki Maszyn Bukpol Łagodziński Spółka Jawna | Flat relieved tooth end mill for high-performance machining of non-ferrous metals, especially aluminum alloys with low silicon content |
Also Published As
Publication number | Publication date |
---|---|
KR102178996B1 (en) | 2020-11-16 |
KR20200065402A (en) | 2020-06-09 |
Similar Documents
Publication | Publication Date | Title |
---|---|---|
EP3369831A1 (en) | Sintered compact and method for producing same | |
EP2450136A1 (en) | Cermet and coated cermet | |
EP2407263B1 (en) | Cermet and coated cermet | |
EP3219694A1 (en) | Composite sintered body for cutting tool and cutting tool using the same | |
JP2007044807A (en) | Extremely small diameter end mill made of cemented carbide | |
WO2020111658A1 (en) | Cutting insert for difficult-to-cut materials | |
EP2826578A1 (en) | Cutting tool | |
EP1087026B1 (en) | TiCN-based cermet | |
KR101574885B1 (en) | Sintered body of cemented carbide for cutting tools | |
KR102167990B1 (en) | Cutting insert for heat resistant alloy | |
JP2003080412A (en) | Surface covered cemented carbide made miniature drill with tip cutting blade surface to display excellent chipping resistance in high speed drilling work | |
JP2009102709A (en) | Cemented carbide with laminated structure, method for producing the same, and tool formed from the cemented carbide | |
WO2015099305A1 (en) | Ti-based sintered alloy having improved thermal shock resistance and cutting tool using same | |
JPS5918157A (en) | Aluminum oxide ceramic for cutting tool | |
JPS6256944B2 (en) | ||
JPS6041020B2 (en) | Alumina ceramic with high strength and hardness | |
EP0963962A1 (en) | Alumina-base ceramic sinter and process for producing the same | |
JP3010774B2 (en) | Alumina-based ceramics | |
KR102265819B1 (en) | Cutting insert for heat resistant alloy | |
WO2011049361A4 (en) | Carbide-based abrasion resistant composite material | |
JPH09227981A (en) | Cemented carbide | |
JP2514088B2 (en) | High hardness and high toughness sintered alloy | |
KR101901396B1 (en) | Ti-based sintered alloy for cutting tool and fabricating method of the same | |
KR100542815B1 (en) | Fine grained and high nitrogen contained TiCN-based cermets and manufacturing method thereof | |
JP2666338B2 (en) | Tungsten carbide based cemented carbide end mill |
Legal Events
Date | Code | Title | Description |
---|---|---|---|
121 | Ep: the epo has been informed by wipo that ep was designated in this application |
Ref document number: 19891362 Country of ref document: EP Kind code of ref document: A1 |
|
NENP | Non-entry into the national phase |
Ref country code: DE |
|
122 | Ep: pct application non-entry in european phase |
Ref document number: 19891362 Country of ref document: EP Kind code of ref document: A1 |