WO2020108662A1 - 电池防反灌开关的控制装置及太阳能mppt控制系统 - Google Patents

电池防反灌开关的控制装置及太阳能mppt控制系统 Download PDF

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Publication number
WO2020108662A1
WO2020108662A1 PCT/CN2019/129317 CN2019129317W WO2020108662A1 WO 2020108662 A1 WO2020108662 A1 WO 2020108662A1 CN 2019129317 W CN2019129317 W CN 2019129317W WO 2020108662 A1 WO2020108662 A1 WO 2020108662A1
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Prior art keywords
switch
diode
control device
mos tube
capacitor
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PCT/CN2019/129317
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English (en)
French (fr)
Inventor
张娜
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每天蓝(深圳)科技有限公司
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Publication of WO2020108662A1 publication Critical patent/WO2020108662A1/zh

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Classifications

    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
    • H02J—CIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS OR SYSTEMS FOR SUPPLYING OR DISTRIBUTING ELECTRIC POWER; SYSTEMS FOR STORING ELECTRIC ENERGY
    • H02J7/00—Circuit arrangements for charging or depolarising batteries or for supplying loads from batteries
    • H02J7/34—Parallel operation in networks using both storage and other dc sources, e.g. providing buffering
    • H02J7/35—Parallel operation in networks using both storage and other dc sources, e.g. providing buffering with light sensitive cells
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G05—CONTROLLING; REGULATING
    • G05F—SYSTEMS FOR REGULATING ELECTRIC OR MAGNETIC VARIABLES
    • G05F1/00—Automatic systems in which deviations of an electric quantity from one or more predetermined values are detected at the output of the system and fed back to a device within the system to restore the detected quantity to its predetermined value or values, i.e. retroactive systems
    • G05F1/66—Regulating electric power
    • G05F1/67—Regulating electric power to the maximum power available from a generator, e.g. from solar cell
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
    • Y02E10/00—Energy generation through renewable energy sources
    • Y02E10/50—Photovoltaic [PV] energy
    • Y02E10/56—Power conversion systems, e.g. maximum power point trackers

Definitions

  • the invention relates to the technical field of MPPT controllers for solar photovoltaic power generation, in particular to a control device for a battery anti-backfill switch and a solar MPPT control system.
  • MPPT Maximum Power Point Tracking (maximum power point tracking) system is an electrical system that allows the photovoltaic panel to output more electrical energy by adjusting the working state of the electrical module, which can effectively store the DC power emitted by the solar panel in the battery, which can effectively Solve the power consumption for domestic and industrial use in remote areas and tourist areas that cannot be covered by conventional power grids, without environmental pollution.
  • the solar MPPT controller must use a controllable on-off device or circuit between the PV input loop and the back-end DC-DC circuit to realize the main loop to charge the battery during the day and switch the battery and PV input at night. Circuit to prevent the battery from discharging to solar PV at night. And when the battery is over-voltage or unable to turn off charging for some reason, the PV device is cut off to the charging circuit through this circuit device to ensure the reliability and safety of the system.
  • the currently used control method generally uses a relay, or a MOSFET/IGBT is connected in series in the PV input and charging circuit to play the role of the control circuit. It is controlled by a relay.
  • a relay or a MOSFET/IGBT is connected in series in the PV input and charging circuit to play the role of the control circuit. It is controlled by a relay.
  • the relay has a serious arcing problem when the DC circuit is cut off, the life is very short, and may be under load. When it is cut off, the arc cannot be extinguished, causing fire and other problems, and the drive power consumption of the relay cannot be made very low.
  • the embodiment of the present application aims to solve the problem of complicated driving in the prior art by solving the arc drawing problem in the on-off process by providing a control device for a battery anti-reverse switch and a solar MPPT control system.
  • the present invention provides a control device for a battery anti-reverse switch, which is applied to a solar MPPT control system and includes a switch control module, a drive module and a transformer; wherein,
  • the input end of the transformer is connected to the pulse width modulation output pin of the solar MPPT control system, the output end of the transformer is connected to the input end of the drive module, the output end of the drive module and the solar MPPT control system
  • the output end of the solar panel is connected to the input end of the switch control module, and the output end of the switch control module is connected to the input end of the DC-DC charging circuit of the solar MPPT control system;
  • the transformer is used to couple and output the excitation signal to the driving module when there is an excitation signal in the pulse width modulation output pin;
  • the driving module is configured to convert the excitation signal into a driving level signal, filter the driving level signal to obtain a first driving voltage, and provide the first driving voltage to the switch control module;
  • the switch control module is configured to establish a connection between the switch control module and the output end of the solar panel and the input end of the DC-DC charging circuit after receiving the first driving voltage Loop
  • the switch control module is also used to keep the second drive voltage of the drive module off when there is no excitation signal in the pulse width modulation output pin to disconnect the output end of the solar panel and all Describe the connection between the input terminals of the DC-DC charging circuit.
  • a third capacitor is provided between the input end of the transformer and the pulse width modulation output pin, for isolating the DC signal in the excitation signal.
  • the driving module includes a first resistor, a first capacitor, a second capacitor, a first diode, and a second diode; the first output terminal of the transformer is connected to one end of the first resistor, so The other end of the first resistor, the negative electrode of the first diode and one end of the first capacitor are connected to the input end of the switch control module; the second output end of the transformer is connected to one end of the second capacitor The other end of the second capacitor is respectively connected to the anode of the first diode and the cathode of the second diode; the anode of the second diode and the other end of the first capacitor are both connected to the The output terminal of the switch control module is connected.
  • the first diode and the second diode are used to convert the excitation signal into the driving level signal.
  • the first resistor is used to discharge the second driving voltage to keep the switch control module off when there is no excitation signal at the pulse width modulation output pin; wherein, the second The driving voltage is the residual driving voltage of the first resistor when there is no excitation signal in the PWM output pin.
  • the switch control module includes a first MOS tube and a third diode; both the output terminal of the solar panel and the negative electrode of the third diode are connected to the drain of the first MOS tube Connected, the gate of the first MOS tube is connected to one end of the first capacitor, and the source of the first MOS tube is connected to the anode of the third diode, the other end of the first capacitor and the The input end of the DC-DC charging circuit is connected.
  • the switch control module includes a second MOS tube, a fourth diode, a third MOS tube, and a fifth diode; the output end of the solar panel and the negative electrode of the fourth diode Are connected to the drain of the second MOS tube; the source of the second MOS tube is connected to the anode of the fourth diode, the other end of the first capacitor, and the source of the third MOS tube.
  • the gate of the second MOS tube is connected to one end of the first capacitor, the negative electrode of the first diode, and the gate of the third MOS tube.
  • the drain of the third MOS tube is connected to the negative electrode of the fifth diode and The input end of the DC-DC charging circuit is connected.
  • the first MOS tube, the second MOS tube and the third MOS tube are all N-channel field effect tubes.
  • the invention also provides a solar MPPT control system, which includes the control device for the battery anti-backfill switch as described above; the solar MPPT control system further includes a solar panel, a DC-DC charging circuit and Battery
  • the output terminal of the solar cell panel is connected to the input terminal of the control device of the battery anti-backfill switch, and the output terminal of the control device of the battery anti-backfill switch is connected to the input terminal of the DC-DC charging circuit, And the output end of the DC-DC charging circuit is connected to the storage battery.
  • the solar MPPT control system further includes an MCU controller, and the MCU controller is provided with a pulse width modulation output pin for inputting an excitation signal to the control device of the battery anti-backfill switch.
  • the connection between the strong and weak current is isolated by the transformer, which effectively solves the overall isolation effect of the solar panel input circuit and the DC-DC charging circuit, and has higher reliability; the number of components of the drive module is small, and there are no power loss components , Will not increase the power loss, which can greatly reduce the power consumption of the overall circuit; the switch control module is used to establish the output end of the switch control module to the solar panel after receiving the first driving voltage And the connection between the input terminals of the DC-DC charging loop forms a loop; when there is no excitation signal at the pulse width modulation output pin, the second driving voltage of the driving module remains closed for disconnection The connection between the output terminal of the solar panel and the input terminal of the DC-DC charging circuit, therefore, at night, the output terminal of the solar panel and the input terminal of the DC-DC charging circuit can be reliably disconnected The connection between them prevents the battery from charging the solar panel in the reverse direction.
  • the control device and solar MPPT control system of the battery anti-reverse switch of the present invention have the advantages of simple circuit, long life, high isolation strength, low cost and performance compared with the defects of high power consumption and short life of the prior art relay scheme Good characteristics, not only can there be no arc-drawing problem in the process of turning on and off, but also can maintain the advantage of low driving power consumption, omitting the traditional MOSFET/IGBT complex driving method.
  • FIG. 1 is a schematic structural diagram of a solar MPPT control system of the present invention
  • 3 is a third embodiment of the control device of the battery anti-backfill switch of the present invention.
  • FIG. 5 is a waveform diagram of CH3 after an excitation signal is added to a pulse width modulation output pin of the control device of the battery anti-backflush switch of the present invention.
  • Label name Label name 10 Switch control module 20 Drive module 30 DC-DC charging circuit 40 Accumulator 50 solar panel A A
  • the invention provides a control device for a battery anti-backfill switch.
  • the control device of the battery anti-reverse switch is applied to a solar MPPT control system, including a switch control module 10, a drive module 20, and a transformer T1; wherein,
  • the input terminal of the transformer T1 is connected with the PWM width output pin of the solar MPPT control system, the output terminal of the transformer T1 is connected with the input terminal of the driving module 20, the output terminal of the driving module 20 and the solar panel 50 of the solar MPPT control system
  • the output ends of the switches are respectively connected to the input ends of the switch control module 10, and the output ends of the switch control module 10 are connected to the input end of the DC-DC charging circuit 30 of the solar MPPT control system;
  • Transformer T1 is used to couple the excitation signal and output it to the driving module 20 when there is an excitation signal in the PWM output pin PWM;
  • the driving module 20 is configured to convert the excitation signal into a driving level signal, filter the driving level signal to obtain a first driving voltage, and provide the first driving voltage to the switch control module 10;
  • the switch control module 10 is configured to establish a connection between the switch control module 10 and the output end of the solar panel 50 and the input end of the DC-DC charging circuit 30 after receiving the first driving voltage to form a loop;
  • the switch control module 10 is also used to keep the second driving voltage of the driving module 20 kept off when there is no excitation signal in the PWM output pin PWM to disconnect the output end of the solar panel 50 and the DC-DC charging circuit 30 connections between inputs.
  • the switch control module 10 is a MOS tube, which utilizes the active switching characteristics of the MOSFET, adopts series control or unidirectional control, and cooperates with the corresponding drive circuit to realize the on-off function of the switch control module 10.
  • the connection between strong and weak current is isolated by the transformer T1, which effectively solves the overall isolation effect of the input circuit of the solar panel 50 and the DC-DC charging circuit 30, and has higher reliability; the number of components of the drive module 20 is small, There is no power loss component, it will not increase the power loss, which can greatly reduce the power consumption of the overall circuit; the switch control module 10 is used to establish the output of the switch control module 10 to the solar panel 50 after receiving the first driving voltage
  • the connection between the terminal and the input terminal of the DC-DC charging circuit 30 forms a loop; when there is no excitation signal in the PWM output pin PWM, the second driving voltage of the driving module 20 is kept off for disconnecting the solar cell
  • the connection between the output of the panel 50 and the input of the DC-DC charging circuit 30, therefore, at night, the output of the solar panel 50 and the input of the DC-DC charging circuit 30 can be reliably disconnected Connection to prevent the battery from charging the solar panel 50 in the reverse direction.
  • the control device and solar MPPT control system of the battery anti-reverse switch of the present invention have the advantages of simple circuit, long life, high isolation strength, low cost and performance compared with the defects of high power consumption and short life of the prior art relay scheme Good characteristics, not only can there be no arc-drawing problem in the process of turning on and off, but also can maintain the advantage of low driving power consumption, omitting the traditional MOSFET/IGBT complex driving method.
  • a third capacitor is provided between the input terminal of the transformer T1 and the pulse width modulation output pin PWM, for isolating the DC signal in the excitation signal.
  • the third capacitor C3 when there is an excitation signal on the pulse width modulation output pin PWM, the third capacitor C3 is connected in series to the transformer T1, and the transformer T1 can couple the excitation signal of the pulse width modulation output pin PWM. Since the AC signal and the DC signal exist in the excitation signal, the DC signal is isolated by the third capacitor C3, so that the AC signal in the excitation signal can be coupled by the transformer T1.
  • the driving module 20 includes a first resistor R1, a first capacitor C1, a second capacitor C2, a first diode D1 and a second diode D2; the first output of the transformer T1 Is connected to one end of the first resistor R1, the other end of the first resistor R1, the negative electrode of the first diode D1 and one end of the first capacitor C1 are connected to the input end of the switch control module 10; the second output of the transformer T1 Is connected to one end of the second capacitor C2, and the other end of the second capacitor C2 is connected to the anode of the first diode D1 and the cathode of the second diode D2; the anode of the second diode D2 and the first capacitor The other end of C1 is connected to the output end of the switch control module 10.
  • the first capacitor C1, the second capacitor C2, the third capacitor C3, the first diode D1, the second diode D2, the first resistor R1 and the transformer T1 together constitute a driving circuit of the switch control module 10, the switch control module 10 As a controlled element, it is controlled by the presence or absence of the excitation signal of the PWM output pin PWM.
  • the pulse width modulation output pin PWM When there is an excitation signal on the pulse width modulation output pin PWM, it is connected to the transformer T1 in series through a third capacitor C3.
  • the transformer T1 can couple the excitation signal of the pulse width modulation output pin PWM to the second capacitor C2.
  • the first diode D1 is used as a rectifying element to convert the excitation signal of the pulse width modulation output pin PWM into a real drive level signal, which is filtered by the first capacitor C1 to obtain the switch control module 10
  • the switching control module 10 immediately starts to switch on, so that the connection established between the output of the solar panel 50 and the input of the DC-DC charging circuit 30 forms a loop.
  • the transformer T1 When there is no excitation signal on the PWM output pin PWM, the transformer T1 will not couple any signal to the second capacitor C2, the first diode D1, the second diode D2 and the first capacitor C1 Rectifier filter circuit, the first resistor E1 plays the role of discharging the residual driving voltage, keeping the switch control module 10 always closed, at this time, the output end of the corresponding solar panel 50 and the DC-DC charging circuit 30 The input terminals are disconnected, so as to realize the control of the circuit.
  • first diode D1 and the second diode D2 are used to convert the excitation signal into a driving level signal.
  • the first resistor R1 is used to discharge the second driving voltage to keep the switch control module 10 closed when there is no excitation signal in the PWM output pin PWM; wherein, the second driving voltage is the PWM output When there is no excitation signal in the pin PWM, the residual driving voltage of the first resistor R1.
  • the switch control module 10 includes a first MOS transistor Q1 and a third diode D3; a solar panel
  • the output terminal of 50 and the negative electrode of the third diode D3 are both connected to the drain D of the first MOS transistor Q1, the gate of the first MOS transistor Q1 is connected to one end of the first capacitor C1, and the first MOS transistor Q1
  • the source electrode S is connected to the anode of the third diode D3, the other end of the first capacitor C1, and the input end of the DC-DC charging circuit 30, respectively.
  • the one-way control mode is used to implement the on-off function of the switch control module 10 in conjunction with the corresponding drive circuit.
  • the third diode D3 is used for rectification and filtering. Since the transformer T1 can only transmit an AC signal, it needs to be rectified and filtered into a DC signal to make the first MOS transistor Q1 normally open.
  • the switch control module 10 includes a second MOS transistor Q2, a fourth diode D4, and a third MOS The tube Q3 and the fifth diode D5; the output terminal of the solar panel 50 and the negative electrode of the fourth diode D4 are connected to the drain D of the second MOS tube Q2; the source S of the second MOS tube Q2 and the first The anode of the four diodes D4, the other end of the first capacitor C1, the source of the third MOS transistor Q3 are connected, the gate G of the second MOS transistor Q2 is connected to one end of the first capacitor C1, the first diode D1 The negative electrode is connected to the gate G of the third MOS transistor Q3, and the drain D of the third MOS transistor Q3 is connected to the negative electrode of the fifth diode D5 and the input terminal of the DC-DC charging circuit 30.
  • the series control mode is adopted, and the on-off function of the switch control module 10 is realized in cooperation with the corresponding driving circuit.
  • the fourth diode D4 and the fifth diode D5 are used for rectification and filtering. Since the transformer T1 can only transmit an AC signal, it needs to be rectified and filtered into a DC signal to make the second MOS transistor Q2 and the third MOS transistor Q3 normally open.
  • the third embodiment only adds a MOS tube in series, and this case is not limited to this.
  • first MOS transistor Q1, the second MOS transistor Q2, and the third MOS transistor Q3 are all N-channel field effect transistors.
  • the present invention also provides a solar MPPT control system.
  • the solar MPPT control system includes the control device of the battery anti-backfill switch described above; the solar MPPT control system further includes a solar panel 50 and a DC-DC charging circuit 30 And battery 40;
  • the output terminal of the solar panel 50 is connected to the input terminal of the control device of the battery anti-backfill switch, and the output terminal of the control device of the battery anti-backfill switch is connected to the input terminal of the DC-DC charging circuit 30, and the DC-DC charging circuit The output of 30 is connected to battery 40.
  • the connection between strong and weak current is isolated by the transformer T1, which effectively solves the overall isolation effect of the input circuit of the solar panel 50 and the DC-DC charging circuit 30, and has higher reliability; the number of components of the drive module 20 is small, There is no power loss component, it will not increase the power loss, which can greatly reduce the power consumption of the overall circuit; the switch control module 10 is used to establish the output of the switch control module 10 to the solar panel 50 after receiving the first driving voltage
  • the connection between the terminal and the input terminal of the DC-DC charging circuit 30 forms a loop; when there is no excitation signal in the PWM output pin PWM, the second driving voltage of the driving module 20 is kept off for disconnecting the solar cell
  • the connection between the output of the panel 50 and the input of the DC-DC charging circuit 30, therefore, at night, the output of the solar panel 50 and the input of the DC-DC charging circuit 30 can be reliably disconnected Connection to prevent the battery from charging the solar panel 50 in the reverse direction.
  • the control device and solar MPPT control system of the battery anti-reverse switch of the present invention have the characteristics of simple circuit, long life, high isolation strength, low cost and good performance, which can avoid the problem of arc drawing in the process of making and breaking. Moreover, it can maintain the advantage of low driving power consumption, omitting the traditional complicated driving mode of MOSFET/IGBT.
  • the solar MPPT control system further includes an MCU controller, and a pulse width modulation output pin PWM is provided on the MCU controller for inputting an excitation signal to the control device of the battery anti-reverse switch.
  • a pulse width modulation output pin PWM on the MCU controller is used to generate a 40KHZ signal with a duty cycle of 50%.
  • the signal output high level amplitude is more than +12V, which is input to the C3 terminal.
  • Q1 and Q2 and Q3 in Figure 2 and Figure 3 will be turned on, forming a closed loop of the switch, the input and output will be connected.
  • the switch circuit can be closed to realize the disconnection of the input and output. For example, the battery 40 in the system at night will not be reversely poured on the solar panel 50, thereby forming the self-discharge of the battery 40.
  • CH1 channel Corresponding to the driving waveform applied on C3, the frequency is 40KHZ.
  • CH4 channel The driving level amplitude obtained on C1 is about 15.9V. This voltage is the VGS voltage that drives Q2 and Q3, which is enough to turn on the MOSFET to achieve circuit conduction.
  • CH3 channel isolated drive coupling transformer T1 primary voltage waveform, you can see a clear 40KHZ drive square wave, an AC signal of positive and negative voltage, which can be coupled through the transformer T1 isolation signal, In the way of high-frequency carrier, the transmission of switching signals is realized.
  • Using the present invention can effectively solve the overall isolation effect of the solar PV input circuit and the control circuit part. Due to the presence of the transformer T1, the connection between strong and weak electricity is isolated. Compared with the usual direct control, it has higher reliability ;
  • the number of components of the drive module 20 is very small, there are no power loss parts, and the power loss will not increase. Compared with the relay control method, the power consumption of the overall circuit can be greatly reduced;
  • the controlled elements Q1, Q2, Q3 can reliably disconnect the connection between the back-end DC-DC charging circuit 30 and the input end of the solar panel 50 at night to prevent the battery from discharging the solar panel 50 in the reverse direction , When the positive and negative poles of the input are reversed, and can effectively prevent the negative and positive poles of the input from being reversed, it will affect the following circuits.

Abstract

一种电池防反灌开关的控制装置及太阳能MPPT控制系统。其中，该电池防反灌开关的控制装置包括开关控制模块（10）、驱动模块（20）及变压器（T1）；变压器（T1）的输入端与太阳能MPPT控制系统的脉宽调制输出引脚连接，变压器（T1）的输出端与驱动模块（20）的输入端连接，驱动模块（20）的输出端及太阳能MPPT控制系统的太阳能电池板（50）的输出端分别与开关控制模块（10）的输入端连接，且开关控制模块（10）的输出端与太阳能MPPT控制系统的DC-DC充电回路的输入端连接。与现有技术的继电器方案的高功耗、短寿命的缺陷相比，该电池防反灌开关的控制装置及太阳能MPPT控制系统具有电路简单、寿命长、隔离强度高、成本低及性能良好的特点，既能在通断的过程中无拉弧的问题存在，而且又能保持驱动功耗小的优势，省略了传统的MOSFET/IGBT的复杂驱动方式。

Description

电池防反灌开关的控制装置及太阳能MPPT控制系统 技术领域
本发明涉及太阳能光伏发电MPPT控制器技术领域，尤其涉及一种电池防反灌开关的控制装置及太阳能MPPT控制系统。
 背景技术
MPPT（Maximum Power Point Tracking，最大功率点跟踪）系统，是一种通过调节电气模块的工作状态，使光伏板能够输出更多电能的电气系统能够将太阳能电池板发出的直流电有效地贮存在蓄电池中，可有效地解决常规电网不能覆盖的偏远地区及旅游地区的生活和工业用电，不产生环境污染。目前太阳能MPPT控制器在PV输入回路到后端DC-DC电路之间，必须使用一种可控通断的装置或者电路，来实现在白天接通主回路给电池充电，晚上切换电池与PV输入的回路，防止晚上电池反向放电给太阳能PV。并且当电池由于某种原因过压或者无法关闭充电的情况下，通过此电路装置切断PV输入给充电回路，保证系统的可靠性和安全性。
当前使用的控制方式一般采用继电器，或者使用MOSFET/IGBT串联在PV输入和充电回路中，起到控制回路通端的作用。是用继电器来控制虽然能简化电路的复杂度，但是在此种直流输入回路中，存在明显的寿命问题，因为继电器在切断直流回路存在严重的拉弧问题，寿命很短，并且可能在带载切断的时候，电弧不能熄灭引起火灾等问题，继电器的驱动功耗也不能做的很低，白白浪费一部分太阳能的能量；而目前使用的IGBT/MOSFET替代此防反灌开关的方法都比较复杂而且不能做到隔离控制，极易在PV输入浪涌的时候引起控制电路损坏，进而造成整个控制电路失效。针对以上问题，本文提出一种更加先进的控制电路实现防反灌开关的功能，并且保持极低的驱动功耗，带载切断不会产生电弧，节约能源，提高可靠性。
 技术问题
本申请实施例通过提供一种电池防反灌开关的控制装置及太阳能MPPT控制系统，旨在解决现有技术中解决通断过程中存在拉弧问题时驱动复杂的问题。
 技术解决方案
为实现上述目的，本发明提供一种电池防反灌开关的控制装置，应用于太阳能MPPT控制系统，包括开关控制模块、驱动模块及变压器；其中，
所述变压器的输入端与所述太阳能MPPT控制系统的脉宽调制输出引脚连接，所述变压器的输出端与驱动模块的输入端连接，所述驱动模块的输出端及所述太阳能MPPT控制系统的太阳能电池板的输出端分别与所述开关控制模块的输入端连接，且所述开关控制模块的输出端与所述太阳能MPPT控制系统的DC-DC充电回路的输入端连接；
所述变压器，用于在所述脉宽调制输出引脚存在激励信号时，对所述激励信号进行耦合并输出至驱动模块；
所述驱动模块，用于将所述激励信号转换成驱动电平信号，将所述驱动电平信号滤波后得到第一驱动电压，以给所述开关控制模块提供第一驱动电压；
所述开关控制模块，用于在接收到所述第一驱动电压后，建立所述开关控制模块对所述太阳能电池板的输出端及所述DC-DC充电回路的输入端之间的连接形成回路；
所述开关控制模块，还用于在所述脉宽调制输出引脚不存在激励信号时，通过所述驱动模块的第二驱动电压保持关闭，以断开所述太阳能电池板的输出端及所述DC-DC充电回路的输入端之间的连接。
可选地，所述变压器的输入端与所述脉宽调制输出引脚之间设置有第三电容，用于隔离所述激励信号中的直流信号。
可选地，所述驱动模块包括第一电阻、第一电容、第二电容、第一二极管及第二二极管；所述变压器的第一输出端与第一电阻的一端连接，所述第一电阻的另一端、第一二极管的负极及第一电容的一端均与所述开关控制模块的输入端连接；所述变压器的第二输出端与第二电容的一端连接，所述第二电容的另一端分别与所述第一二极管的正极及第二二极管的负极连接；所述第二二极管的正极及所述第一电容的另一端均与所述开关控制模块的输出端连接。
可选地，所述第一二极管及第二二极管，用于将所述激励信号转换成所述驱动电平信号。
可选地，所述第一电阻，用于在所述脉宽调制输出引脚不存在激励信号时，泄放所述第二驱动电压以保持所述开关控制模块关闭；其中，所述第二驱动电压为所述脉宽调制输出引脚不存在激励信号时，所述第一电阻的残余驱动电压。
可选地，所述开关控制模块包括第一MOS管和第三二极管；所述太阳能电池板的输出端及所述第三二极管的负极均与所述第一MOS管的漏极连接，所述第一MOS管的栅极与所述第一电容的一端连接，且所述第一MOS管的源极分别与第三二极管的正极、第一电容的另一端及所述DC-DC充电回路的输入端连接。
可选地，所述开关控制模块包括第二MOS管、第四二极管、第三MOS管和第五二极管；所述太阳能电池板的输出端及所述第四二极管的负极均与所述第二MOS管的漏极连接；所述第二MOS管的源极与第四二极管的正极、第一电容的另一端、第三MOS管的源极连接，所述第二MOS管的栅极与所述第一电容的一端、第一二极管的负极、第三MOS管的栅极连接，所述第三MOS管的漏极与第五二极管的负极及所述DC-DC充电回路的输入端连接。
可选地，所述第一MOS管、第二MOS管及第三MOS管均为N沟道场效应管。
本发明还提供一种太阳能MPPT控制系统，所述太阳能MPPT控制系统包括如上述所述的电池防反灌开关的控制装置；所述太阳能MPPT控制系统还包括太阳能电池板、DC-DC充电回路及蓄电池；
所述太阳能电池板的输出端与所述电池防反灌开关的控制装置的输入端连接，所述电池防反灌开关的控制装置的输出端与所述DC-DC充电回路的输入端连接，且所述DC-DC充电回路的输出端与所述蓄电池连接。
可选地，所述太阳能MPPT控制系统还包括MCU控制器，所述MCU控制器上设有脉宽调制输出引脚，用于给所述电池防反灌开关的控制装置输入激励信号。
 有益效果
本发明中，通过变压器隔离强电和弱电的连接，有效解决太阳能电池板输入回路与DC-DC充电回路的整体隔离效果，具有更高的可靠性；驱动模块的元件数量少，没有功率损耗部件，不会增加功率损耗，从而能大幅度降低整体电路的功率消耗；开关控制模块，用于在接收到所述第一驱动电压后，建立所述开关控制模块对所述太阳能电池板的输出端及所述DC-DC充电回路的输入端之间的连接形成回路；在所述脉宽调制输出引脚不存在激励信号时，通过所述驱动模块的第二驱动电压保持关闭，以供断开所述太阳能电池板的输出端及所述DC-DC充电回路的输入端之间的连接，因此，在晚上时，可以可靠的断开太阳能电池板的输出端及DC-DC充电回路的输入端之间的连接，防止电池反向对太阳能电池板充电，当输入的正负极接反时，能有效的阻止输入正负极接反后对DC-DC充电回路造成影响。本发明的电池防反灌开关的控制装置及太阳能MPPT控制系统与现有技术的继电器方案的高功耗、短寿命的缺陷相比，具有电路简单、寿命长、隔离强度高、成本低及性能良好的特点，既能在通断的过程中无拉弧的问题存在，而且又能保持驱动功耗小的优势，省略了传统的MOSFET/IGBT的复杂驱动方式。
 附图说明
为了更清楚地说明本发明实施例或现有技术中的技术方案，下面将对实施例或现有技术描述中所需要使用的附图作简单地介绍，显而易见地，下面描述中的附图仅仅是本发明的一些实施例，对于本领域普通技术人员来讲，在不付出创造性劳动的前提下，还可以根据这些附图示出的结构获得其他的附图。
图1为本发明太阳能MPPT控制系统的结构示意图；
图2为本发明电池防反灌开关的控制装置的第二实施例；
图3为本发明电池防反灌开关的控制装置的第三实施例；
图4为本发明电池防反灌开关的控制装置在脉宽调制输出引脚添加激励信号后的CH1和CH4的波形图；
图5为本发明电池防反灌开关的控制装置在脉宽调制输出引脚添加激励信号后的CH3的波形图。
附图标号说明：
标号 名称 标号 名称
10 开关控制模块 20 驱动模块
30 DC-DC充电回路 40 蓄电池
50 太阳能电池板    
本发明的实施方式
下面将结合本发明实施例中的附图，对本发明实施例中的技术方案进行清楚、完整地描述，显然，所描述的实施例仅仅是本发明的一部分实施例，而不是全部的实施例。基于本发明中的实施例，本领域普通技术人员在没有作出创造性劳动前提下所获得的所有其他实施例，都属于本发明保护的范围。
本发明提出一种电池防反灌开关的控制装置。
参照图1，在本发明第一实施例中，该电池防反灌开关的控制装置，应用于太阳能MPPT控制系统，包括开关控制模块10、驱动模块20及变压器T1；其中，
变压器T1的输入端与太阳能MPPT控制系统的脉宽调制输出引脚PWM连接，变压器T1的输出端与驱动模块20的输入端连接，驱动模块20的输出端及太阳能MPPT控制系统的太阳能电池板50的输出端分别与开关控制模块10的输入端连接，且开关控制模块10的输出端与太阳能MPPT控制系统的DC-DC充电回路30的输入端连接；
变压器T1，用于在脉宽调制输出引脚PWM存在激励信号时，对激励信号进行耦合并输出至驱动模块20；
驱动模块20，用于将激励信号转换成驱动电平信号，将驱动电平信号滤波后得到第一驱动电压，以给开关控制模块10提供第一驱动电压；
开关控制模块10，用于在接收到第一驱动电压后，建立开关控制模块10对太阳能电池板50的输出端及DC-DC充电回路30的输入端之间的连接形成回路；
开关控制模块10，还用于在脉宽调制输出引脚PWM不存在激励信号时，通过驱动模块20的第二驱动电压保持关闭，以断开太阳能电池板50的输出端及DC-DC充电回路30的输入端之间的连接。
本实施例中，开关控制模块10为MOS管，利用MOSFET的有源开关特性，采用串联控制或者单向控制的方式，并且配合对应的驱动电路来实现开关控制模块10的通断功能。
本发明中，通过变压器T1隔离强电和弱电的连接，有效解决太阳能电池板50输入回路与DC-DC充电回路30的整体隔离效果，具有更高的可靠性；驱动模块20的元件数量少，没有功率损耗部件，不会增加功率损耗，从而能大幅度降低整体电路的功率消耗；开关控制模块10，用于在接收到第一驱动电压后，建立开关控制模块10对太阳能电池板50的输出端及DC-DC充电回路30的输入端之间的连接形成回路；在脉宽调制输出引脚PWM不存在激励信号时，通过驱动模块20的第二驱动电压保持关闭，以供断开太阳能电池板50的输出端及DC-DC充电回路30的输入端之间的连接，因此，在晚上时，可以可靠的断开太阳能电池板50的输出端及DC-DC充电回路30的输入端之间的连接，防止电池反向对太阳能电池板50充电，当输入的正负极接反时，能有效的阻止输入正负极接反后对DC-DC充电回路30造成影响。本发明的电池防反灌开关的控制装置及太阳能MPPT控制系统与现有技术的继电器方案的高功耗、短寿命的缺陷相比，具有电路简单、寿命长、隔离强度高、成本低及性能良好的特点，既能在通断的过程中无拉弧的问题存在，而且又能保持驱动功耗小的优势，省略了传统的MOSFET/IGBT的复杂驱动方式。
进一步地，变压器T1的输入端与脉宽调制输出引脚PWM之间设置有第三电容，用于隔离激励信号中的直流信号。
本实施例中，在脉宽调制输出引脚PWM上存在激励信号时，通过第三电容C3串联接到变压器T1上，变压器T1能够将脉宽调制输出引脚PWM的激励信号耦合。由于激励信号中存在交流信号和直流信号，通过第三电容C3将直流信号隔离掉，使得激励信号中的交流信号能够变压器T1能够耦合。
进一步地，请参阅图2和图3，驱动模块20包括第一电阻R1、第一电容C1、第二电容C2、第一二极管D1及第二二极管D2；变压器T1的第一输出端与第一电阻R1的一端连接，第一电阻R1的另一端、第一二极管D1的负极及第一电容C1的一端均与开关控制模块10的输入端连接；变压器T1的第二输出端与第二电容C2的一端连接，第二电容C2的另一端分别与第一二极管D1的正极及第二二极管D2的负极连接；第二二极管D2的正极及第一电容C1的另一端均与开关控制模块10的输出端连接。
第一电容C1、第二电容C2、第三电容C3、第一二极管D1、第二二极管D2、第一电阻R1及变压器T1共同组成开关控制模块10的驱动电路，开关控制模块10作为受控元件，受控于脉宽调制输出引脚PWM的激励信号的有无。
当脉宽调制输出引脚PWM上存在激励信号，通过第三电容C3串联接到变压器T1上，变压器T1能够将脉宽调制输出引脚PWM的激励信号耦合，并且通过第二电容C2接到第一二极管D1上，第一二极管D1作为整流元件，将脉宽调制输出引脚PWM的激励信号转换成真实的驱动电平信号，通过第一电容C1的滤波后得到开关控制模块10的驱动电压，开关控制模块10立即开始接通，使得太阳能电池板50的输出端及DC-DC充电回路30的输入端之间的建立连接形成回路。
当脉宽调制输出引脚PWM上不存在激励信号时，此时变压器T1不会耦合任何信号传递给第二电容C2、第一二极管D1、第二二极管D2及第一电容C1组成的整流滤波电路，此时第一电阻E1起到泄放残余的驱动电压的作用，保持开关控制模块10一直关闭，此时，对应的太阳能电池板50的输出端及DC-DC充电回路30的输入端之间是断开的状态，从而实现电路的控制通断功能。
进一步地，第一二极管D1及第二二极管D2，用于将激励信号转换成驱动电平信号。
进一步地，第一电阻R1，用于在脉宽调制输出引脚PWM不存在激励信号时，泄放第二驱动电压以保持开关控制模块10关闭；其中，第二驱动电压为脉宽调制输出引脚PWM不存在激励信号时，第一电阻R1的残余驱动电压。
基于第一实施例，提出本发明的电池防反灌开关的控制装置的第二实施例，请参阅图2，开关控制模块10包括第一MOS管Q1和第三二极管D3；太阳能电池板50的输出端及第三二极管D3的负极均与第一MOS管Q1的漏极D连接，第一MOS管Q1的栅极与第一电容C1的一端连接，且第一MOS管Q1的源极S分别与第三二极管D3的正极、第一电容C1的另一端及DC-DC充电回路30的输入端连接。
本实施例中，采用单向控制的方式，配合对应的驱动电路实现开关控制模块10的通断功能。第三二极管D3用于整流滤波，由于变压器T1只能传递交流信号，需要整流滤波成直流信号，才能使第一MOS管Q1常开。
基于第一实施例，提出本发明的电池防反灌开关的控制装置的第三实施例，请参阅图3，开关控制模块10包括第二MOS管Q2、第四二极管D4、第三MOS管Q3和第五二极管D5；太阳能电池板50的输出端及第四二极管D4的负极均与第二MOS管Q2的漏极D连接；第二MOS管Q2的源极S与第四二极管D4的正极、第一电容C1的另一端、第三MOS管Q3的源极连接，第二MOS管Q2的栅极G与第一电容C1的一端、第一二极管D1的负极、第三MOS管Q3的栅极G连接，第三MOS管Q3的漏极D与第五二极管D5的负极及DC-DC充电回路30的输入端连接。
本实施例中，采用串联控制的方式，配合对应的驱动电路实现开关控制模块10的通断功能。第四二极管D4及第五二极管D5用于整流滤波，由于变压器T1只能传递交流信号，需要整流滤波成直流信号，才能使第二MOS管Q2和第三MOS管Q3常开。
第三实施例与第二实施例相比，只是增加了一个串联的MOS管，本案不局限与此。
进一步地，第一MOS管Q1、第二MOS管Q2及第三MOS管Q3均为N沟道场效应管。
请参阅图1，本发明还提供一种太阳能MPPT控制系统，太阳能MPPT控制系统包括如上述的电池防反灌开关的控制装置；太阳能MPPT控制系统还包括太阳能电池板50、DC-DC充电回路30及蓄电池40；
太阳能电池板50的输出端与电池防反灌开关的控制装置的输入端连接，电池防反灌开关的控制装置的输出端与DC-DC充电回路30的输入端连接，且DC-DC充电回路30的输出端与蓄电池40连接。
本发明中，通过变压器T1隔离强电和弱电的连接，有效解决太阳能电池板50输入回路与DC-DC充电回路30的整体隔离效果，具有更高的可靠性；驱动模块20的元件数量少，没有功率损耗部件，不会增加功率损耗，从而能大幅度降低整体电路的功率消耗；开关控制模块10，用于在接收到第一驱动电压后，建立开关控制模块10对太阳能电池板50的输出端及DC-DC充电回路30的输入端之间的连接形成回路；在脉宽调制输出引脚PWM不存在激励信号时，通过驱动模块20的第二驱动电压保持关闭，以供断开太阳能电池板50的输出端及DC-DC充电回路30的输入端之间的连接，因此，在晚上时，可以可靠的断开太阳能电池板50的输出端及DC-DC充电回路30的输入端之间的连接，防止电池反向对太阳能电池板50充电，当输入的正负极接反时，能有效的阻止输入正负极接反后对DC-DC充电回路30造成影响。本发明的电池防反灌开关的控制装置及太阳能MPPT控制系统具有电路简单、寿命长、隔离强度高、成本低及性能良好的特点，既能在通断的过程中无拉弧的问题存在，而且又能保持驱动功耗小的优势，省略了传统的MOSFET/IGBT的复杂驱动方式。
进一步地，太阳能MPPT控制系统还包括MCU控制器，MCU控制器上设有脉宽调制输出引脚PWM，用于给电池防反灌开关的控制装置输入激励信号。
本实施例中，使用MCU控制器上的一个脉宽调制输出引脚PWM，产生一个40KHZ，占空比为50%的信号，经过驱动输出高电平幅度为+12V以上，输入到C3端，此时图2和图3中的Q1和Q2和Q3就会导通，形成开关的闭合回路，输入和输出将会接通。
如果需要关闭Q2和Q3组成的开关回路或Q1组成的开关回路，只需要系统MCU将PWM输出直接输出高电平或者低电平等固定的电平即可。此开关回路即可关闭，实现输入和输出的断开，如晚上系统内的蓄电池40，将不会反向倒灌到太阳能电池板50上，形成蓄电池40的自放电。
请参阅图4，电路中各个地方的波形如下：
CH1通道：对应施加在C3上的驱动波形，频率为40KHZ。
CH4通道：C1上得到的驱动电平幅度，大约是15.9V，这个电压也就是驱动Q2和Q3的VGS电压，足够开启MOSFET，实现电路导通。
请参阅图5，CH3通道：隔离驱动耦合变压器T1上初级电压波形，可以看到为清晰的40KHZ的驱动方波，为正负电压的交流信号，由此可以通过变压器T1来耦合该隔离信号，以高频载波的方式，实现开关信号的传输。
本发明的具体优势在于：
1、使用本发明可以有效解决太阳能PV输入回路和控制电路部分的整体隔离效果，由于变压器T1的存在，隔离了强电和弱电的连接，与通常的直接控制相比较，具有更高的可靠性；
2、驱动模块20的元件数量非常少，没有任何功率损耗部件，不会增加功率损耗，对比继电器控制方式，能大幅度的降低整体电路的功率消耗；
3、受控元件Q1、Q2、Q3在晚上的时候可以可靠的断开后端DC-DC充电回路30和太阳能电池板50的输入端之间的连接，防止电池反向对太阳能电池板50放电，当输入的正负极接反，并且能有效的阻止输入正负极接反后对后面的电路造成影响。
本发明经测试与现有技术的情况对比如下表所示：
方案类型 驱动功耗 电路复杂度 寿命 隔离强度 成本 综合性能
本发明方案 <3mA(<0.05w) 简单 长 >2KV 低 最佳
继电器方案 >1.5w   简单 短 >1KV 高 最差
普通MOSFET/IGBT方案 >0.6w   复杂 长 >1KV 高 一般
以上仅为本申请的可选实施例，并非因此限制本申请的专利范围，凡是在本申请的申请构思下，利用本申请说明书及附图内容所作的等效结构变换，或直接/间接运用在其他相关的技术领域均包括在本申请的专利保护范围内。

Claims (10)

  1. 一种电池防反灌开关的控制装置，应用于太阳能MPPT控制系统，其特征在于，包括开关控制模块、驱动模块及变压器；其中，
    所述变压器的输入端与所述太阳能MPPT控制系统的脉宽调制输出引脚连接，所述变压器的输出端与驱动模块的输入端连接，所述驱动模块的输出端及所述太阳能MPPT控制系统的太阳能电池板的输出端分别与所述开关控制模块的输入端连接，且所述开关控制模块的输出端与所述太阳能MPPT控制系统的DC-DC充电回路的输入端连接；
    所述变压器，用于在所述脉宽调制输出引脚存在激励信号时，对所述激励信号进行耦合并输出至驱动模块；
    所述驱动模块，用于将所述激励信号转换成驱动电平信号，将所述驱动电平信号滤波后得到第一驱动电压，以给所述开关控制模块提供第一驱动电压；
    所述开关控制模块，用于在接收到所述第一驱动电压后，建立所述开关控制模块对所述太阳能电池板的输出端及所述DC-DC充电回路的输入端之间的连接形成回路；
    所述开关控制模块，还用于在所述脉宽调制输出引脚不存在激励信号时，通过所述驱动模块的第二驱动电压保持关闭，以断开所述太阳能电池板的输出端及所述DC-DC充电回路的输入端之间的连接。
  2. 如权利要求1所述的电池防反灌开关的控制装置，其特征在于，所述变压器的输入端与所述脉宽调制输出引脚之间设置有第三电容，用于隔离所述激励信号中的直流信号。
  3. 如权利要求1所述的电池防反灌开关的控制装置，其特征在于，所述驱动模块包括第一电阻、第一电容、第二电容、第一二极管及第二二极管；所述变压器的第一输出端与第一电阻的一端连接，所述第一电阻的另一端、第一二极管的负极及第一电容的一端均与所述开关控制模块的输入端连接；所述变压器的第二输出端与第二电容的一端连接，所述第二电容的另一端分别与所述第一二极管的正极及第二二极管的负极连接；所述第二二极管的正极及所述第一电容的另一端均与所述开关控制模块的输出端连接。
  4. 如权利要求3所述的电池防反灌开关的控制装置，其特征在于，所述第一二极管及第二二极管，用于将所述激励信号转换成所述驱动电平信号。
  5. 如权利要求3所述的电池防反灌开关的控制装置，其特征在于，所述第一电阻，用于在所述脉宽调制输出引脚不存在激励信号时，泄放所述第二驱动电压以保持所述开关控制模块关闭；其中，所述第二驱动电压为所述脉宽调制输出引脚不存在激励信号时，所述第一电阻的残余驱动电压。
  6. 如权利要求3所述的电池防反灌开关的控制装置，其特征在于，所述开关控制模块包括第一MOS管和第三二极管；所述太阳能电池板的输出端及所述第三二极管的负极均与所述第一MOS管的漏极连接，所述第一MOS管的栅极与所述第一电容的一端连接，且所述第一MOS管的源极分别与第三二极管的正极、第一电容的另一端及所述DC-DC充电回路的输入端连接。
  7. 如权利要求3所述的电池防反灌开关的控制装置，其特征在于，所述开关控制模块包括第二MOS管、第四二极管、第三MOS管和第五二极管；所述太阳能电池板的输出端及所述第四二极管的负极均与所述第二MOS管的漏极连接；所述第二MOS管的源极与第四二极管的正极、第一电容的另一端、第三MOS管的源极连接，所述第二MOS管的栅极与所述第一电容的一端、第一二极管的负极、第三MOS管的栅极连接，所述第三MOS管的漏极与第五二极管的负极及所述DC-DC充电回路的输入端连接。
  8. 如权利要求6或7所述的电池防反灌开关的控制装置，其特征在于，所述第一MOS管、第二MOS管及第三MOS管均为N沟道场效应管。
  9. 一种太阳能MPPT控制系统，其特征在于，所述太阳能MPPT控制系统包括如权利要求1所述的电池防反灌开关的控制装置；所述太阳能MPPT控制系统还包括太阳能电池板、DC-DC充电回路及蓄电池；
    所述太阳能电池板的输出端与所述电池防反灌开关的控制装置的输入端连接，所述电池防反灌开关的控制装置的输出端与所述DC-DC充电回路的输入端连接，且所述DC-DC充电回路的输出端与所述蓄电池连接。
  10. 如权利要求9所述的太阳能MPPT控制系统，其特征在于，所述太阳能MPPT控制系统还包括MCU控制器，所述MCU控制器上设有脉宽调制输出引脚，用于给所述电池防反灌开关的控制装置输入激励信号。
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