WO2020108223A1 - 炭黑尾气低氮稳燃工艺及炭黑尾气低氮稳燃系统 - Google Patents

炭黑尾气低氮稳燃工艺及炭黑尾气低氮稳燃系统 Download PDF

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WO2020108223A1
WO2020108223A1 PCT/CN2019/114614 CN2019114614W WO2020108223A1 WO 2020108223 A1 WO2020108223 A1 WO 2020108223A1 CN 2019114614 W CN2019114614 W CN 2019114614W WO 2020108223 A1 WO2020108223 A1 WO 2020108223A1
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carbon black
low
gas
combustion
tail gas
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PCT/CN2019/114614
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English (en)
French (fr)
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张林进
苏文江
陈海波
庞焕军
谢慧明
沈浩
黎曙
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江苏中圣园科技股份有限公司
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Publication of WO2020108223A1 publication Critical patent/WO2020108223A1/zh

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    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F23—COMBUSTION APPARATUS; COMBUSTION PROCESSES
    • F23G—CREMATION FURNACES; CONSUMING WASTE PRODUCTS BY COMBUSTION
    • F23G7/00—Incinerators or other apparatus for consuming industrial waste, e.g. chemicals
    • F23G7/06—Incinerators or other apparatus for consuming industrial waste, e.g. chemicals of waste gases or noxious gases, e.g. exhaust gases
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F23—COMBUSTION APPARATUS; COMBUSTION PROCESSES
    • F23G—CREMATION FURNACES; CONSUMING WASTE PRODUCTS BY COMBUSTION
    • F23G5/00—Incineration of waste; Incinerator constructions; Details, accessories or control therefor
    • F23G5/44—Details; Accessories

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  • the invention relates to a fuel combustion process, in particular to a carbon black tail gas low nitrogen stable combustion process and a carbon black tail gas low nitrogen stable combustion system.
  • the existing process mostly uses high-calorie fuel blending, oxygen-enriched combustion, pure oxygen combustion, and high-temperature air preheating combustion technology. The most reliable, but it increases fuel consumption.
  • the generation of thermal NOx is greatly reduced, but because the carbon black tail gas usually contains nitrogen-containing compounds in its production process, it is easily oxidized to fuel-type NOx during the combustion process. Therefore, the combustion of flue gas of carbon black tail gas generally has a phenomenon of excessive nitrogen oxides.
  • the present invention will provide an efficient and clean carbon black tail gas low-nitrogen stable combustion process will be advantageous, which can not only ensure independent and stable combustion of gas, but also achieve clean low-nitrogen combustion; the present invention also provides a Carbon black tail gas low nitrogen stable combustion system.
  • the present invention first provides a carbon black tail gas low nitrogen stable combustion process, which includes the following steps:
  • a) Provide a low-nitrogen stable combustion system with a low-nitrogen burner and an insulated furnace;
  • the carbon black tail gas is divided into two paths through the carbon black tail gas pipe 1 and the carbon black tail gas pipe 2 to enter the low nitrogen burner and the upper part of the insulated furnace, respectively.
  • the carbon black tail gas combustion air is divided into three channels through the combustion air pipe 1, the combustion air pipe 2 and the combustion air pipe 3 to enter the low nitrogen burner, the upper part of the insulated furnace and the lower part of the insulated furnace; And the exhaust gas from the low-nitrogen stable combustion system and cooled by external heat exchange enters the lower part of the low-nitrogen burner and the insulated furnace through the circulating flue gas branch pipe and the circulating flue gas ring pipe;
  • the carbon black exhaust combustion air from the self-combustion air pipe 1 and the exhaust gas from the circulating flue gas branch pipe are mixed into the low nitrogen burner after being mixed by the mixed gas pipe, and the circulating flue gas loop pipe is provided below the combustion air pipe 3, through step c )
  • the two-way distribution of carbon black tail gas, the three-way distribution of carbon black exhaust combustion air, and the introduction of exhaust gas make the low-nitrogen burner and the upper part of the insulated furnace in a fuel-rich low-oxygen combustion atmosphere and form a reducing atmosphere, and make The lower part of the insulated furnace is in a state of complete combustion of gas.
  • the low-nitrogen burner, the classification of the carbon black tail gas, the classification of the carbon black tail gas combustion air, and the introduction of exhaust gas, etc. make the carbon black tail gas in the low-nitrogen burner and the upper part of the insulated furnace can be under oxygen Combustion, make the combustion zone have a lower combustion speed and temperature, form a reducing atmosphere, suppress the formation of NOx, can comprehensively reduce the nitrogen oxide emissions by 50 to 60%, and perform complete combustion in the lower part of the insulated furnace to avoid energy waste And environmental pollution.
  • step c) the carbon black exhaust gas combustion air delivered through the combustion air pipe 1 and the combustion air pipe 2 accounts for 80-90% of the total carbon black exhaust gas combustion air.
  • the carbon black tail gas in the upper part of the heat-insulating furnace is burned under oxygen, forming a reducing atmosphere, and suppressing the generation of NOx.
  • step c) the exhaust gas volume of the exhaust gas controlled into the circulating flue gas branch pipe by the inverter fan is 30-40% of the total carbon black tail gas combustion air volume.
  • the setting of this step is to use the flue gas to dilute the oxygen concentration, reduce the combustion rate and combustion temperature, and suppress the production of NOx.
  • step c) the carbon black tail gas in the carbon black tail gas pipe 1 and the carbon black tail gas pipe 2 account for 50-70% and 30-50% of the total carbon black tail gas, respectively.
  • the principle of carbon black tail gas classification is to first feed a part of the fuel gas, and then feed the remaining gas. In this way, using carbon black tail gas classification, you can first burn with relatively little gas and relatively more air, so that the air is excessive, Lowering the combustion temperature, the remaining gas is then burned with relatively little air, the gas is excessive, and has a reducing atmosphere.
  • combustion air of the carbon black exhaust gas transported through the combustion air duct 1 is 1.2 times the air equivalent of the carbon black exhaust gas transported through the carbon black exhaust gas duct 1.
  • This setting is to ensure that the gas fed into the low-nitrogen burner has less gas and more air than air, which is the first step of gas classification.
  • the combustion air of the high calorific value gas continues to be input into the low nitrogen burner through the combustion air line to cool the ignition gun of the low nitrogen burner.
  • the low-nitrogen burner is a bluff body burner, which integrates a high calorific value gas combustion module and a carbon black tail gas combustion module; the insulating furnace is provided with multiple layers of refractory bricks or castables for heat preservation.
  • the invention also provides a carbon black tail gas low nitrogen stable combustion system, which includes a low nitrogen burner and an insulated furnace, and further includes:
  • High calorific value gas pipeline which is connected with low nitrogen burner to send high calorific value gas into low nitrogen burner;
  • Combustion-supporting air pipeline which is connected to a low-nitrogen burner so that the combustion-supporting air can support high calorific value fuel gas;
  • Carbon black tail gas delivery pipe including carbon black tail gas pipe 1 and carbon black tail gas pipe 2, which are respectively connected to the lower nitrogen burner and the upper part of the insulated furnace;
  • Carbon black tail gas combustion-supporting air delivery pipe including combustion-supporting air pipe 1, combustion-supporting air pipe 2 and combustion-supporting air pipe 3, which are respectively connected to the low-nitrogen burner, the upper part of the insulated furnace and the lower part of the insulated furnace;
  • Circulating flue gas conveying pipe including circulating flue gas branch pipe and circulating flue gas loop pipe, which are respectively connected to the lower part of the low-nitrogen burner and the insulated furnace;
  • the combustion air pipe 1 and the circulating flue gas branch pipe are connected to the low-nitrogen burner through the mixing gas pipe, and the circulating flue gas loop pipe is arranged below the combustion air pipe 3.
  • the invention can comprehensively reduce the nitrogen oxide emission by 50-60% by adopting the low-nitrogen combustion technology of low-nitrogen burner, gas classification, air classification and flue gas circulation.
  • the low-nitrogen burner is a bluff body burner, which integrates a high calorific value gas combustion module and a carbon black tail gas combustion module.
  • the bluff body burner can form a dense and light combustion area, which can effectively achieve the under-oxygen combustion of the local flame. In this area, the gas is not sufficiently burned to form CHi groups and H- ions, forming a reducing atmosphere, which further reduces and suppresses NOx. produce.
  • the heat-insulating furnace is laid with multiple layers of refractory bricks or castables for heat preservation.
  • FIG. 1 is a schematic structural diagram of a carbon black tail gas low-nitrogen stable combustion system according to a specific embodiment of the present invention.
  • a carbon black tail gas low-nitrogen stable combustion system includes a low-nitrogen burner 1, an insulated furnace 2, a high-calorific value gas line 3, a combustion-supporting air line 4, and carbon black tail gas
  • the delivery pipe 5 the carbon black tail gas combustion-supporting air delivery pipe 6, and the circulating flue gas delivery pipe 7.
  • the high calorific value gas line 3 is connected to the low nitrogen burner 1 to send the high calorific value gas into the low nitrogen burner 1;
  • the combustion air line 4 is connected to the low nitrogen burner 1 to enable the combustion air to support high calorific value gas
  • Carbon black tail gas delivery pipe 5 includes carbon black tail gas pipe 51 and carbon black tail gas pipe two 52, which are connected to the upper part of the low-nitrogen burner 1 and the insulated furnace chamber 2 respectively;
  • carbon black tail gas combustion air delivery pipe 6 includes combustion air pipe 1 61.
  • Combustion air tube two 62 and combustion air tube three 63 which are respectively connected to the low-nitrogen burner 1, the upper part of the insulated furnace chamber 2 and the lower part of the insulated furnace chamber 2;
  • the circulating flue gas delivery pipe 7 includes a circulating flue gas branch pipe 71 and circulating smoke Gas ring tubes 72, which are connected to the lower part of the low-nitrogen burner 1 and the insulated furnace 2, respectively.
  • the combustion-supporting air pipe 61 and the circulating flue gas branch pipe 71 are connected to the low-nitrogen burner 1 via the mixing pipe 67, and the circulating flue gas ring pipe 72 is provided below the combustion-supporting air pipe three 63.
  • the low-nitrogen burner 1 is a bluff body burner, which integrates a high calorific value gas combustion module and a carbon black tail gas combustion module (not shown);
  • the insulating furnace 2 is laid with multiple layers of refractory materials inside Bricks or castables to effectively reduce the heat dissipation loss of the wall and maintain the high temperature of the furnace.
  • a carbon black tail gas low-nitrogen stable combustion process according to a specific embodiment of the present invention is introduced, which includes the following steps:
  • a) Provide a low nitrogen stable combustion system with a low nitrogen burner 1 and an insulated furnace 2;
  • the carbon black tail gas is divided into two paths through the carbon black tail gas pipe 51 and the carbon black tail gas pipe 52 to enter the low nitrogen burner 1 and the insulated furnace respectively 2 and cut off the supply of high calorific value gas;
  • the carbon black exhaust combustion air is divided into three paths through the combustion air tube I 61, the combustion air tube II 62 and the combustion air tube III 63 to enter the low nitrogen burner 1, the upper part of the insulating furnace 2 and the lower part of the insulating furnace 2; and
  • the exhaust gas from the low-nitrogen stable combustion system and cooled by external heat exchange enters the lower part of the low-nitrogen burner 1 and the insulated furnace 2 through the circulating flue gas branch pipe 71 and the circulating flue gas ring pipe 72, respectively;
  • the carbon black tail gas combustion-supporting air from the self-combustion air pipe No. 61 and the exhaust gas from the circulating flue gas branch pipe 71 are mixed into the low-nitrogen burner 1 through the mixing gas pipe 67, and the circulating flue gas loop pipe 72 is provided in the combustion air pipe three 63 below, through the two-way distribution of carbon black tail gas in step c), the three-way distribution of carbon black tail gas combustion air, and the introduction of exhaust gas, the low-nitrogen burner 1 and the upper portion of the insulated furnace 2 are in a fuel-rich low-oxygen combustion atmosphere And a reducing atmosphere is formed, and the lower part of the insulated furnace 2 is in a state of complete combustion of gas.
  • step c) the carbon black tail gas combustion air sent through the combustion air pipe one 61 and the combustion air pipe two 62 accounts for 80 to 90% of the total carbon black tail gas combustion air.
  • step c) the amount of exhaust gas entering the circulating flue gas branch pipe 71 is controlled by an inverter fan (not shown) to be 30-40% of the total carbon black tail gas combustion air.
  • step c) the carbon black tail gas in the carbon black tail gas pipe 51 and the carbon black tail gas pipe 52 accounts for 50 to 70% and 30 to 50% of the total carbon black tail gas, respectively.
  • combustion air of the carbon black exhaust gas delivered through the combustion air tube 61 is 1.2 times the air equivalent of the carbon black exhaust gas delivered through the carbon black exhaust tube 51.
  • the high calorific value gas combustion air continues to be input into the low nitrogen burner 1 through the combustion air line 4 to cool the ignition gun of the low nitrogen burner 1 (not shown).
  • the carbon black tail gas low-nitrogen stable combustion system uses carbon black tail gas alone as a fuel during normal operation, and does not use eternal lights or other high calorific value gas.
  • the low-nitrogen burner 1 integrates a high calorific value gas combustion module and a carbon black tail gas combustion module. That is to say, the low-nitrogen burner 1 is provided with a nozzle specially used for high calorific value gas and a nozzle specially used for carbon black tail gas.
  • the combustion air required for high calorific value gas combustion is supplied by an independent fan (not shown), enters the low nitrogen burner 1 through the combustion air line 4, and is mixed with high calorific value gas for combustion, and the high calorific value gas is used as the low nitrogen burner 1 Fuel at startup.
  • the low-nitrogen burner 1 adopts the principle of blunt body stable combustion, which can form a stable central flame in the center of the low-nitrogen burner 1. Under the thermal insulation effect of the insulated furnace 2, it can provide the ignition heat required for stable combustion of the carbon black tail gas, and then Maintain self-combustion without the need for co-firing of high calorific value gas.
  • the independent fan supplying the high calorific value gas keeps running, and adopts the first-level electrical load, so that the high calorific value gas combustion air continues to be sent into the low nitrogen burner 1 through the combustion air line 4 to The ignition gun of the low-nitrogen burner 1 is effectively cooled.
  • the low-nitrogen burner 1 is used in the combustion process, as well as gas classification, air classification and flue gas circulation technologies. The following are introduced respectively:
  • the low-nitrogen burner 1 is equipped with multiple internal and external gas nozzles, which can form a dense and light combustion area, which can effectively achieve the under-oxygen combustion of the local flame. In this area, the gas is not fully burned to form CH groups and H- ions , Forming a reducing atmosphere, which in turn reduces and suppresses the production of NOx.
  • the combustion of carbon black tail gas adopts multi-stage combustion mode, which enters the insulated furnace 2 in two ways.
  • One way of 50-70% of the carbon black tail gas enters the low nitrogen burner 1 through the carbon black tail gas pipe 51, and the other way is about 30- 50% of the carbon black tail gas is connected to the insulated furnace 2 by the carbon black tail gas pipe 52 via the interface 25, and the interface 25 is tangentially connected to the insulated furnace chamber 2, and the carbon black tail gas enters the insulated furnace chamber 2 to be insulated by the tangential swirling method The lower part of the furnace 2 flows.
  • the carbon black exhaust combustion air enters the combustion area in three ways.
  • One channel of the carbon black exhaust combustion air enters the low-nitrogen burner 1 through the combustion air tube 61, which serves as the combustion air of the main flame, and the other two carbon black exhaust combustion air Via the combustion air tube two 62 and the combustion air tube three 63 into the upper and lower parts of the heat-insulating furnace 2.
  • carbon black tail gas combustion-supporting air classification technology is adopted to rationally distribute the oxygen supply at all levels of combustion, and a regulating valve and a flow meter (not shown) are provided on the air pipeline to precisely control the carbon black tail gas sent to various locations
  • the flow of combustion air ie, the amount of air
  • carbon black tail gas combustion-supporting air for complete combustion of the remaining carbon black tail gas is blown to ensure complete combustion of the carbon black tail gas.
  • the total carbon black tail gas combustion air flow rate is adjusted according to the carbon black tail gas flow rate (that is, the amount of exhaust gas), and the total air excess coefficient in the insulated furnace 2 is controlled to 1.05-1.15.
  • the flow rate of exhaust gas (that is, the amount of exhaust gas) led to the low-nitrogen burner 1 through the circulating flue gas branch pipe 71 is controlled by an interlocking valve and a flow meter (not shown).
  • the exhaust gas from the circulating flue gas pipe 71 is in the mixed gas pipe 67 It is mixed with the carbon black tail gas combustion-supporting air from the self-combustion air tube No. 61 to prevent the circulating flue gas from concentrating into the low-nitrogen burner 1 to cause the oxygen concentration in the local area to be too low and produce a flameout.
  • the circulating flue gas fan is preferably controlled by frequency conversion
  • the frequency conversion fan strictly controls the circulation amount of the exhaust gas, and the flow rate of the exhaust gas entering the low-nitrogen burner 1 is about 30-40% of the total flow rate of the carbon black tail gas combustion-supporting air.
  • the exhaust gas entering the insulated furnace 2 from the circulating flue gas loop 72 is used to control the temperature of the subsequent flue gas emissions, so as to reduce the combustion temperature as much as possible under the premise of ensuring stable combustion, and thus weaken the nitrogen-containing compounds under high temperature conditions
  • the oxidation reaction reduces the probability of fuel NOx formation.
  • the flow rate of this part of the exhaust gas is feedback-controlled by a thermocouple (not shown in the figure) provided near the insulated furnace chamber 2, and the appropriate flue gas circulation amount is adjusted according to the actual situation.
  • the use of low-nitrogen burners, fuel gas classification, air classification, and flue gas circulation technologies can comprehensively reduce the nitrogen oxide emissions by 50 to 60%.
  • the principle of carbon black tail gas classification is to first feed part of the gas, and then feed the remaining gas.
  • the carbon black exhaust gas from the carbon black exhaust pipe 51 is relatively small compared to the carbon black exhaust combustion air supplied from the self-combustion air pipe 61, such as the carbon black exhaust gas delivered through the combustion air pipe 61
  • the combustion-supporting air is 1.2 times the air equivalent of the carbon black exhaust gas transported through the carbon black exhaust pipe 51, and then the carbon black exhaust pipe 52 supplies the remaining gas, but because of the combustion air pipe 61 and combustion air pipe 2 62
  • the carbon black tail gas combustion-supporting air input is only 80 to 90% of the total carbon black tail gas combustion-supporting air.
  • the principle of carbon black tail gas combustion air classification is that the carbon black tail gas combustion air supplied for the first time (the air supplied by the combustion air pipe 61 and the combustion air pipe 62 is regarded as the first feed) is lower than the theoretical air volume.
  • the second time (the air supplied by the combustion air tube three 63 is regarded as the second supply), then sufficient gas is fed to completely burn the gas.
  • the air supplied by the combustion air tube one 61 and the combustion air tube two 62 add up, and the carbon black tail gas combustion air entering the upper part of the low-nitrogen burner 1 and the insulated furnace 2 is less, only It accounts for 80-90% of the total combustion air of carbon black tail gas, which belongs to under-oxygen combustion, and then the air sent through the combustion air pipe three 63 achieves complete combustion.
  • the flow rate of the combustion air of the carbon black tail gas is more than the equivalent of the combustion air required for the carbon black tail gas, which can help maintain combustion, but with the help of the low-nitrogen burner and
  • the input of exhaust gas can effectively realize the under-oxygen combustion of the local flame, and reduce the combustion speed and combustion temperature, so as to achieve the suppression of NOx production.

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Abstract

一种炭黑尾气低氮稳燃系统和方法，其中方法包括如下步骤：（1）提供有低氮燃烧器和绝热炉膛的低氮稳燃系统；（2）高热值燃气和助燃空气通入低氮燃烧器；（3）高热值燃气燃烧并升温至炭黑尾气引燃条件后，炭黑尾气分两路分别通入低氮燃烧器和绝热炉膛上部，并切断高热值燃气；同时炭黑尾气助燃空气分三路分别通入低氮燃烧器、绝热炉膛上部及绝热炉膛下部；来自低氮稳燃系统且经外部换热降温后的废气分别通入低氮燃烧器和绝热炉膛下部；部分炭黑尾气助燃空气和部分废气混合后进入低氮燃烧器。通过炭黑尾气两路分配、炭黑尾气助燃空气三路分配以及废气引入使得低氮燃烧器内以及绝热炉膛上部处于富燃料低氧燃烧氛围并形成还原气氛，绝热炉膛下部处于完全燃烧状态。

Description

炭黑尾气低氮稳燃工艺及炭黑尾气低氮稳燃系统 技术领域：
本发明涉及燃料燃烧工艺，特别涉及一种炭黑尾气低氮稳燃工艺及炭黑尾气低氮稳燃系统。
背景技术：
我国是一个以煤为主的能源消费大国，化石燃料大量消费带来的污染物和温室气体排放给生态环境造成严重损害，以煤为主的单一能源结构也面临能源资源紧缺的巨大挑战。基于能源供给以及环境对排放物的承受容量的考虑，对于化工生产过程伴生的低热值尾气(热值Q<1500kCal/m 3)，特别是炭黑尾气，必须摒弃原有直接排放或点天灯的方式，转而进行高效清洁的余热资源利用，以有效缓解现有能源的紧缺，并减少对环境的污染。
现有工艺为保证炭黑尾气的稳定燃烧，多采用掺烧高热值燃料、富氧燃烧、纯氧燃烧、高温空气预热燃烧技术等，其中掺烧高热值燃料，即采用长明灯伴烧的方式最为可靠，但增加了燃料的消耗。同时，炭黑尾气因热值低，火焰温度低，热力型NOx的产生大大降低，但由于炭黑尾气在其产生过程中通常含有含氮化合物，容易在燃烧过程中被氧化为燃料型NOx，故炭黑尾气的燃烧烟气普遍存在氮氧化物超标的现象。
发明内容：
为克服上述问题，本发明提供一种高效清洁的炭黑尾气低氮稳燃工艺将是有利的，其不仅能保证燃气的独立稳定燃烧，而且能实现清洁低氮燃烧；本发明还提供一种炭黑尾气低氮稳燃系统。
为此，本发明首先提供一种炭黑尾气低氮稳燃工艺，其包括如下步骤:
a)提供具有低氮燃烧器和绝热炉膛的低氮稳燃系统；
b)将高热值燃气通过高热值燃气管路通入低氮燃烧器，同时将高热值燃 气助燃空气通过助燃空气管路通入低氮燃烧器；
c)待高热值燃气燃烧并逐步升温至炭黑尾气引燃条件后，将炭黑尾气分两路经炭黑尾气管一和炭黑尾气管二分别进入低氮燃烧器和绝热炉膛的上部，并切断高热值燃气的供应；同时将炭黑尾气助燃空气分三路经助燃空气管一、助燃空气管二和助燃空气管三分别进入低氮燃烧器、绝热炉膛的上部以及绝热炉膛的下部；并将来自低氮稳燃系统且经外部换热降温后的废气经由循环烟气支管和循环烟气环管分别进入低氮燃烧器和绝热炉膛的下部；
其中，来自助燃空气管一的炭黑尾气助燃空气和来自循环烟气支管的废气在经混合气管混合后进入低氮燃烧器，循环烟气环管设置在助燃空气管三的下方，通过步骤c)中炭黑尾气的两路分配、炭黑尾气助燃空气的三路分配、以及废气的引入从而使得低氮燃烧器内以及绝热炉膛上部处于富燃料低氧燃烧氛围并形成还原性气氛，且使得绝热炉膛下部处于燃气完全燃烧状态。
在本发明中，通过低氮燃烧器、炭黑尾气的分级、炭黑尾气助燃空气的分级、以及废气的引入等方式，使得炭黑尾气在低氮燃烧器内以及绝热炉膛的上部能够欠氧燃烧，并使燃烧区具有较低的燃烧速度和温度，形成还原性气氛，抑制NOx的生成，可综合降低氮氧化物排放量50～60％，同时在绝热炉膛的下部进行完全燃烧避免能源浪费和环境污染。
进一步，在步骤c)中，通过助燃空气管一和助燃空气管二输送的炭黑尾气助燃空气占总的炭黑尾气助燃空气的80～90％。
通过这种设置，使得在绝热炉膛的上部内的炭黑尾气欠氧燃烧，形成还原性气氛，抑制NOx的生成。
又进一步，在步骤c)中，通过变频风机控制进入循环烟气支管的废气的废气量为总的炭黑尾气助燃空气的空气量的30～40％。
此步骤的设置是为了利用烟气稀释氧浓度，降低燃烧速度和燃烧温度，抑制NOx的产生。
再进一步，在步骤c)中，炭黑尾气管一和炭黑尾气管二内的炭黑尾气分别占总的炭黑尾气的50～70％和30～50％。
炭黑尾气分级的原理是先给入一部分燃气，然后再把剩余的燃气给入，这样，这样采用炭黑尾气分级，可以先用相对少的燃气与相对多的的空气燃烧，这样空气过量，降低燃烧温度，随后剩余的燃气与相对少的空气燃烧，燃气过量，具有还原气氛。
还再进一步，通过助燃空气管一输送的炭黑尾气助燃空气为通过炭黑尾气管一输送的炭黑尾气的空气当量的1.2倍。
这样设置就是先保证低氮燃烧器内给入燃气与空气相比，燃气较少，空气较多，正是燃气分级的第一步。
进一步，在高热值燃气的供应被切断后，高热值燃气助燃空气继续通过助燃空气管路输入低氮燃烧器以冷却该低氮燃烧器的点火枪。
进一步，低氮燃烧器为钝体燃烧器，其内集成有高热值燃气燃烧模块和炭黑尾气燃烧模块；绝热炉膛在其内部设置有多层耐材砖或浇注料以保温。
本发明还提供一种炭黑尾气低氮稳燃系统，其包括低氮燃烧器和绝热炉膛，还包括：
高热值燃气管路，其与低氮燃烧器连接以将高热值燃气送入低氮燃烧器内；
助燃空气管路，其与低氮燃烧器连接以使得助燃空气能够助燃高热值燃气；
炭黑尾气输送管，其包括炭黑尾气管一和炭黑尾气管二，它们分别连接低氮燃烧器和绝热炉膛的上部；
炭黑尾气助燃空气输送管，其包括助燃空气管一、助燃空气管二和助燃空气管三，它们分别连接低氮燃烧器、绝热炉膛的上部以及绝热炉膛的下部；
循环烟气输送管，其包括循环烟气支管和循环烟气环管，它们分别连接低氮燃烧器和绝热炉膛的下部；
其中，助燃空气管一和循环烟气支管经混合气管连接低氮燃烧器，且循环烟气环管设置在助燃空气管三的下方。
本发明通过采用低氮燃烧器、燃气分级、空气分级以及烟气循环的低氮 燃烧技术，可综合降低氮氧化物排放量50～60％。
进一步，低氮燃烧器为钝体燃烧器，其内集成有高热值燃气燃烧模块和炭黑尾气燃烧模块。
钝体燃烧器内能够形成浓淡燃烧区域，可有效实现局部火焰的欠氧燃烧，在此区域内，燃气不充分燃烧形成CHi基团及H-离子，形成还原性气氛，进而还原并抑制NOx的产生。
进一步，绝热炉膛在其内部敷设有多层耐材砖或浇注料以保温。
通过绝热炉膛的这种结构设置，使得有效降低壁面散热损失，保持炉膛高温。
通过参考下面所描述的实施例，本发明的上述这些方面和其他方面将会得到更清晰地阐述。
附图说明：
发明的结构以及进一步的目的和优点将通过下面结合附图的描述得到更好地理解，其中，相同的参考标记标识相同的元件：
图1是根据本发明的一个具体实施方式的炭黑尾气低氮稳燃系统的结构示意图。
具体实施方式：
下面将结合附图描述本发明的具体实施方式。
如图1所示，根据本发明的一个具体实施方式的炭黑尾气低氮稳燃系统包括低氮燃烧器1、绝热炉膛2、高热值燃气管路3、助燃空气管路4、炭黑尾气输送管5、炭黑尾气助燃空气输送管6、以及循环烟气输送管7。其中，高热值燃气管路3与低氮燃烧器1连接以将高热值燃气送入低氮燃烧器1内；助燃空气管路4与低氮燃烧器1连接以使得助燃空气能够助燃高热值燃气；炭黑尾气输送管5包括炭黑尾气管一51和炭黑尾气管二52，它们分别连接低氮燃烧器1和绝热炉膛2的上部；炭黑尾气助燃空气输送管6包括助燃空气 管一61、助燃空气管二62和助燃空气管三63，它们分别连接低氮燃烧器1、绝热炉膛2的上部以及绝热炉膛2的下部；循环烟气输送管7包括循环烟气支管71和循环烟气环管72，它们分别连接低氮燃烧器1和绝热炉膛2的下部。
如图1所示，助燃空气管一61和循环烟气支管71经混合气管67连接低氮燃烧器1，且循环烟气环管72设置在助燃空气管三63的下方。在本实施方式中，低氮燃烧器1为钝体燃烧器，其内集成有高热值燃气燃烧模块和炭黑尾气燃烧模块(图未示)；绝热炉膛2在其内部敷设有多层耐材砖或浇注料，以有效降低壁面散热损失，保持炉膛高温。
参照图1所示，介绍一下根据本发明的一个具体实施方式的炭黑尾气低氮稳燃工艺，其包括如下步骤:
a)提供具有低氮燃烧器1和绝热炉膛2的低氮稳燃系统；
b)将高热值燃气通过高热值燃气管路3通入低氮燃烧器1，同时将高热值燃气助燃空气通过助燃空气管路4通入低氮燃烧器1以助燃该高热值燃气；
c)待高热值燃气燃烧并逐步升温至炭黑尾气引燃条件后，将炭黑尾气分两路经炭黑尾气管一51和炭黑尾气管二52分别进入低氮燃烧器1和绝热炉膛2的上部，并切断高热值燃气的供应；
同时将炭黑尾气助燃空气分三路经助燃空气管一61、助燃空气管二62和助燃空气管三63分别进入低氮燃烧器1、绝热炉膛2的上部以及绝热炉膛2的下部；并将来自低氮稳燃系统且经外部换热降温后的废气经由循环烟气支管71和循环烟气环管72分别进入低氮燃烧器1和绝热炉膛2的下部；
其中，来自助燃空气管一61的炭黑尾气助燃空气和来自循环烟气支管71的废气在经混合气管67混合后进入低氮燃烧器1，循环烟气环管72设置在助燃空气管三63的下方，通过步骤c)中炭黑尾气的两路分配、炭黑尾气助燃空气的三路分配、以及废气的引入从而使得低氮燃烧器1内以及绝热炉膛2上部处于富燃料低氧燃烧氛围并形成还原性气氛，且使得绝热炉膛2下部处于燃气完全燃烧状态。
进一步，在步骤c)中，通过助燃空气管一61和助燃空气管二62输送的 炭黑尾气助燃空气占总的炭黑尾气助燃空气的80～90％。
又进一步，在步骤c)中，通过变频风机(图未示)控制进入循环烟气支管71的废气的废气量为总的炭黑尾气助燃空气的空气量的30～40％。
再进一步，在步骤c)中，炭黑尾气管一51和炭黑尾气管二52内的炭黑尾气分别占总的炭黑尾气的50～70％和30～50％。
还再进一步，通过助燃空气管一61输送的炭黑尾气助燃空气为通过炭黑尾气管一51输送的炭黑尾气的空气当量的1.2倍。
进一步，在高热值燃气的供应被切断后，高热值燃气助燃空气继续通过助燃空气管路4输入低氮燃烧器1以冷却该低氮燃烧器1的点火枪(图未示)。
在本实施方式中，炭黑尾气低氮稳燃系统正常运行时单独采用炭黑尾气作为燃料，不使用长明灯或其他高热值燃气。低氮燃烧器1中集成了高热值燃气燃烧模块及炭黑尾气燃烧模块，也就是说，低氮燃烧器1中设有专门用于高热值燃气的喷口和专门用于炭黑尾气的喷口。高热值燃气燃烧所需的助燃空气由独立风机(图未示)供风，经助燃空气管路4进入低氮燃烧器1，与高热值燃气进行混合燃烧，高热值燃气作为低氮燃烧器1启动时的燃料。
待高热值燃气燃烧并逐步升温至炭黑尾气引燃条件后，由炭黑尾气管一51及炭黑尾气管二52引入炭黑尾气，燃气在燃点温度以上被迅速点燃。低氮燃烧器1采用了钝体稳燃原理，可在低氮燃烧器1中心形成稳定中部火焰，在绝热炉膛2的保温作用下，能够为炭黑尾气提供稳定燃烧所需要的着火热，进而维持自燃烧，无需高热值燃气的伴烧。高热值燃气切断后，给高热值燃气供风的独立风机保持运转，并采用一级用电负荷，从而使得高热值燃气助燃空气继续通过助燃空气管路4送入低氮燃烧器1内，以对低氮燃烧器1的点火枪进行有效的冷却。
为实现低氮燃烧，燃烧过程采用了低氮燃烧器1，以及燃气分级、空气分级和烟气循环技术，下面分别作出介绍：
1)低氮燃烧器1本身设置有多股内外燃气喷口，可形成浓淡燃烧区域，能够有效实现局部火焰的欠氧燃烧，在此区域内，燃气不充分燃烧形成CH i 基团及H-离子，形成还原性气氛，进而还原并抑制NOx的产生。
2)炭黑尾气的燃烧采用多级燃烧方式，分两路进入绝热炉膛2，其中一路50-70％的炭黑尾气由炭黑尾气管一51进入低氮燃烧器1，另一路约30-50％的炭黑尾气由炭黑尾气管二52借助于接口25接至绝热炉膛2，接口25与绝热炉膛2切向相接，炭黑尾气进入绝热炉膛2后以切向旋流方式向绝热炉膛2的下部流动。
3)炭黑尾气助燃空气分三路进入燃烧区域，其中一路炭黑尾气助燃空气通过助燃空气管一61进入低氮燃烧器1，作为主火焰的助燃空气，其余两路炭黑尾气助燃空气分别经由助燃空气管二62和助燃空气管三63进入绝热炉膛2的上部和下部。在此过程中，采用炭黑尾气助燃空气分级技术，合理分配各级燃烧的供氧量，在空气管路上设置调节阀及流量计(图未示)，精确控制送入各个位置的炭黑尾气助燃空气的流量(即空气量)，将进入低氮燃烧器1及绝热炉膛2上部的炭黑尾气助燃空气的流量减少到总的炭黑尾气助燃空气的80-90％左右，使炭黑尾气在富燃料低氧区域燃烧，由于该区域内炭黑尾气助燃空气过剩系数低于100％，降低了燃烧区的燃烧速度和温度，并形成还原性气氛，抑制NOx的生成。在与绝热炉膛2的下部连接的助燃空气管三63内鼓入可供剩余炭黑尾气完全燃烧的炭黑尾气助燃空气，保证炭黑尾气的完全燃烧。需要说明的是，总的炭黑尾气助燃空气的流量依据炭黑尾气的流量(即尾气量)进行调节，控制绝热炉膛2内的总空气过剩系数1.05-1.15。
4)从绝热炉膛2出来的燃烧烟气经余热利用装置如锅炉、换热器(图未示)等换热后的温度降低至200℃以下称为废气，由设置在尾气出口(图未示)附近的循环烟气风机(图未示)引入一部分废气至循环烟气输送管7，分别经由循环烟气支管71和循环烟气环管72进入低氮燃烧器1和绝热炉膛2。
经由循环烟气支管71引至低氮燃烧器1的废气的流量(即废气量)由调节阀与流量计(图未示)联锁控制，来自循环烟气支管71的废气在混合气管67中与来自助燃空气管一61的炭黑尾气助燃空气进行混合，避免循环烟气集中进入低氮燃烧器1从而导致局部区域氧浓度过低并产生熄火现象。
引入部分废气进燃烧区，采用烟气再循环技术，是为了利用烟气稀释氧浓度，降低燃烧速度和燃烧温度，抑制NOx的产生。同时，为了防止出现因低温的废气进入燃烧区可能引起的炉温偏低进而导致燃烧不稳定的现象，从而避免化学与机械不完全燃烧热损失增加，循环烟气风机优选采用变频控制，即采用变频风机严格控制废气的循环量，进入低氮燃烧器1的废气的流量约为总的炭黑尾气助燃空气的流量的30-40％。由循环烟气环管72进入绝热炉膛2的废气，用于控制后续排放烟气的温度，以便在保证燃烧稳定的前提下，尽可能的降低燃烧温度，进而弱化含氮化合物在高温条件下的氧化反应，降低燃料型NOx的生成几率。此部分废气的流量由设置于绝热炉膛2附近的热电偶(图未示)进行反馈控制，根据实际情况调整合适的烟气循环量。
本实施方式由于使用了低氮燃烧器、燃气分级、空气分级以及烟气循环技术，可综合降低氮氧化物排放量50～60％。
需要说明的是，炭黑尾气分级的原理是先给入部分燃气，然后再把剩余的燃气给入。具体如图1所示，来自炭黑尾气管一51的炭黑尾气相对来自助燃空气管一61的炭黑尾气助燃空气而言，是少的，比如通过助燃空气管一61输送的炭黑尾气助燃空气是通过炭黑尾气管一51输送的炭黑尾气的空气当量的1.2倍，然后，炭黑尾气管二52再给入剩余的燃气，但因为通过助燃空气管一61和助燃空气管二62输入的炭黑尾气助燃空气仅为总的炭黑尾气助燃空气的80～90％，所以，此时在局部范围燃气过剩，实现氮氧化物还原。也就是说，采用炭黑尾气分级，可以先用相对少的燃气与相对多的的空气燃烧，这样空气过量，降低燃烧温度，随后剩余的燃气与相对少的空气燃烧，燃气过量，具有还原气氛。
炭黑尾气助燃空气分级的原理是第一次给入(将助燃空气管一61和助燃空气管二62给入的空气认为第一次给入)的炭黑尾气助燃空气低于理论空气量，第二次(将助燃空气管三63给入的空气认为第二次给入)再给入充足的燃气，将燃气完全燃烬。具体到本实施方式中，就是助燃空气管一61和助燃空气管二62给入的空气加起来看，进入低氮燃烧器1和绝热炉膛2的上部的 炭黑尾气助燃空气是少了，只占总的炭黑尾气助燃空气的80-90％，属于欠氧燃烧，然后通过助燃空气管三63送入的空气实现完全燃烧。
另外，应当理解的是，尽管在低氮燃烧器1内，炭黑尾气助燃空气的流量多于炭黑尾气所需要的助燃空气当量，可以有助于保持燃烧，但借助于低氮燃烧器和废气的输入，能够有效实现局部火焰的欠氧燃烧，并降低燃烧速度和燃烧温度，从而达到抑制NOx的产生。
本发明的技术内容及技术特点已揭示如上，然而可以理解，在本发明的创作思想下，本领域的技术人员可以对上述结构作各种变化和改进，包括这里单独披露的或要求保护的技术特征的组合，以及明显地包括这些特征的其它组合。这些变形和/或组合均落入本发明所涉及的技术领域内，并落入本发明权利要求的保护范围。

Claims (10)

  1. 一种炭黑尾气低氮稳燃工艺，其特征在于包括如下步骤:
    a)提供具有低氮燃烧器和绝热炉膛的低氮稳燃系统；
    b)将高热值燃气通过高热值燃气管路通入低氮燃烧器，同时将高热值燃气助燃空气通过助燃空气管路通入低氮燃烧器；
    c)待高热值燃气燃烧并逐步升温至炭黑尾气引燃条件后，将炭黑尾气分两路经炭黑尾气管一和炭黑尾气管二分别进入低氮燃烧器和绝热炉膛的上部，并切断高热值燃气的供应；同时将炭黑尾气助燃空气分三路经助燃空气管一、助燃空气管二和助燃空气管三分别进入低氮燃烧器、绝热炉膛的上部以及绝热炉膛的下部；并将来自低氮稳燃系统且经外部换热降温后的废气经由循环烟气支管和循环烟气环管分别进入低氮燃烧器和绝热炉膛的下部；
    其中，来自助燃空气管一的炭黑尾气助燃空气和来自循环烟气支管的废气在经混合气管混合后进入低氮燃烧器，循环烟气环管设置在助燃空气管三的下方，通过步骤c)中炭黑尾气的两路分配、炭黑尾气助燃空气的三路分配、以及废气的引入从而使得低氮燃烧器内以及绝热炉膛上部处于富燃料低氧燃烧氛围并形成还原性气氛，且使得绝热炉膛下部处于燃气完全燃烧状态。
  2. 根据权利要求1所述的炭黑尾气低氮稳燃工艺，其特征在于，在所述步骤c)中，通过所述助燃空气管一和所述助燃空气管二输送的所述炭黑尾气助燃空气占总的所述炭黑尾气助燃空气的80～90％。
  3. 根据权利要求2所述的炭黑尾气低氮稳燃工艺，其特征在于，在所述步骤c)中，通过变频风机控制进入所述循环烟气支管的所述废气的废气量为所述总的所述炭黑尾气助燃空气的空气量的30～40％。
  4. 根据权利要求2所述的炭黑尾气低氮稳燃工艺，其特征在于，在所述步骤c)中，所述炭黑尾气管一和所述炭黑尾气管二内的所述炭黑尾气分别占总的所述炭黑尾气的50～70％和30～50％。
  5. 根据权利要求4所述的炭黑尾气低氮稳燃工艺，其特征在于，通过所 述助燃空气管一输送的所述炭黑尾气助燃空气为通过所述炭黑尾气管一输送的所述炭黑尾气的空气当量的1.2倍。
  6. 根据权利要求1所述的炭黑尾气低氮稳燃工艺，其特征在于，在所述高热值燃气的供应被切断后，所述高热值燃气助燃空气继续通过所述助燃空气管路输入所述低氮燃烧器以冷却该所述低氮燃烧器的点火枪。
  7. 根据权利要求1所述的炭黑尾气低氮稳燃工艺，其特征在于，所述低氮燃烧器为钝体燃烧器，其内集成有高热值燃气燃烧模块和炭黑尾气燃烧模块；所述绝热炉膛在其内部设置有多层耐材砖或浇注料以保温。
  8. 一种炭黑尾气低氮稳燃系统，其特征在于包括低氮燃烧器和绝热炉膛，还包括：
    高热值燃气管路，其与低氮燃烧器连接以将高热值燃气送入低氮燃烧器内；
    助燃空气管路，其与低氮燃烧器连接以使得助燃空气能够助燃高热值燃气；
    炭黑尾气输送管，其包括炭黑尾气管一和炭黑尾气管二，它们分别连接低氮燃烧器和绝热炉膛的上部；
    炭黑尾气助燃空气输送管，其包括助燃空气管一、助燃空气管二和助燃空气管三，它们分别连接低氮燃烧器、绝热炉膛的上部以及绝热炉膛的下部；
    循环烟气输送管，其包括循环烟气支管和循环烟气环管，它们分别连接低氮燃烧器和绝热炉膛的下部；
    其中，助燃空气管一和循环烟气支管经混合气管连接低氮燃烧器，且循环烟气环管设置在助燃空气管三的下方。
  9. 根据权利要求8所述的炭黑尾气低氮稳燃系统，其特征在于，所述低氮燃烧器为钝体燃烧器，其内集成有高热值燃气燃烧模块和炭黑尾气燃烧模块。
  10. 根据权利要求8所述的炭黑尾气低氮稳燃系统，其特征在于，所述绝热炉膛在其内部敷设有多层耐材砖或浇注料以保温。
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