WO2020107838A1 - 一种储能型即热式热水器及热水系统 - Google Patents

一种储能型即热式热水器及热水系统 Download PDF

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WO2020107838A1
WO2020107838A1 PCT/CN2019/088929 CN2019088929W WO2020107838A1 WO 2020107838 A1 WO2020107838 A1 WO 2020107838A1 CN 2019088929 W CN2019088929 W CN 2019088929W WO 2020107838 A1 WO2020107838 A1 WO 2020107838A1
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water
battery
control unit
power control
water heater
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PCT/CN2019/088929
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English (en)
French (fr)
Inventor
王乾
胡楚友
季伟源
周君
袁周红
吴涛
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江苏索尔新能源科技股份有限公司
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Publication of WO2020107838A1 publication Critical patent/WO2020107838A1/zh

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    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F24—HEATING; RANGES; VENTILATING
    • F24H—FLUID HEATERS, e.g. WATER OR AIR HEATERS, HAVING HEAT-GENERATING MEANS, e.g. HEAT PUMPS, IN GENERAL
    • F24H1/00—Water heaters, e.g. boilers, continuous-flow heaters or water-storage heaters
    • F24H1/10—Continuous-flow heaters, i.e. heaters in which heat is generated only while the water is flowing, e.g. with direct contact of the water with the heating medium
    • F24H1/101—Continuous-flow heaters, i.e. heaters in which heat is generated only while the water is flowing, e.g. with direct contact of the water with the heating medium using electric energy supply
    • F24H1/102—Continuous-flow heaters, i.e. heaters in which heat is generated only while the water is flowing, e.g. with direct contact of the water with the heating medium using electric energy supply with resistance
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F24—HEATING; RANGES; VENTILATING
    • F24H—FLUID HEATERS, e.g. WATER OR AIR HEATERS, HAVING HEAT-GENERATING MEANS, e.g. HEAT PUMPS, IN GENERAL
    • F24H9/00—Details
    • F24H9/18—Arrangement or mounting of grates or heating means
    • F24H9/1809—Arrangement or mounting of grates or heating means for water heaters
    • F24H9/1818—Arrangement or mounting of electric heating means
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F24—HEATING; RANGES; VENTILATING
    • F24H—FLUID HEATERS, e.g. WATER OR AIR HEATERS, HAVING HEAT-GENERATING MEANS, e.g. HEAT PUMPS, IN GENERAL
    • F24H9/00—Details
    • F24H9/20—Arrangement or mounting of control or safety devices
    • F24H9/2007—Arrangement or mounting of control or safety devices for water heaters
    • F24H9/2014—Arrangement or mounting of control or safety devices for water heaters using electrical energy supply
    • F24H9/2028—Continuous-flow heaters

Definitions

  • the invention relates to the field of water heaters, in particular to an energy storage type instant water heater and a hot water system.
  • the water temperature cannot be kept constant. For example, if the water flow is turned off, the temperature becomes higher, or the temperature of the outlet water is getting lower and lower, resulting in a bad user experience.
  • the present invention provides an energy storage type instant water heater and a hot water system.
  • the technical solutions are as follows:
  • the present invention provides an energy storage type instant water heater, including a battery, a central processor, a charger, a DC power control unit, an AC power control unit, a heating element and a water pipe;
  • the heating element includes A plurality of first heating tubes corresponding to the DC power control unit and one or more second heating tubes corresponding to the AC power control unit;
  • the output power of the battery is greater than 6kW
  • the plurality of first heating tubes are arranged in parallel at both ends of the battery, and the DC power control unit is respectively arranged on a branch where each first heating tube is located;
  • the second heating tube is connected to an AC power source, and the AC power control unit is provided on a branch where the second heating tube is located;
  • the first heating tube and the second heating tube are arranged outside the water tube and provide heat for the water in the water tube, and the central processor controls the output power of the first heating tube through the DC power control unit and the AC power control The unit controls the output power of the second heating tube and controls the charger to charge the battery.
  • the DC power control unit includes a MOS tube corresponding to the first heating tube in one-to-one correspondence; the AC power control unit includes a MOS tube or thyristor thyristor corresponding to the second heating tube in one-to-one correspondence.
  • a temperature sensor is provided at the water inlet and/or water outlet of the water pipe, and the temperature sensor is connected to the input end of the central processor.
  • a flow sensor is provided at the inlet end and/or outlet end of the water pipe, and the flow sensor is connected to the input end of the central processor.
  • the water heater further includes a DC-DC unit, an input end of the DC-DC unit is connected to the battery, and an output end is connected to the central processing unit, charger, DC power control unit, and AC power control unit
  • the DC-DC unit is used to provide DC power for the central processor, charger, DC power control unit, and AC power control unit.
  • the water heater further includes a high voltage management unit.
  • the high voltage management unit includes a first relay, a second relay, and a fuse.
  • the first relay is connected in series with the fuse.
  • the first relay is used to control the battery to the first
  • the power supply circuit of the heating tube is turned on and off
  • the second relay is used to control the charging circuit to turn on and off the charging circuit of the battery.
  • the water pipe is made of a heat-conducting material, and the first heating pipe and the second heating pipe are both spiral, and are wound on the outer wall of the water pipe.
  • the battery, the central processor, the charger, the DC power control unit, the AC power control unit, the heating element and the water pipe are provided in the water heater housing, and the water heater housing is also provided with a display screen, the display screen Used to display the working status of the water heater.
  • the battery is a high-rate lithium iron phosphate battery, and each group of high-rate lithium iron phosphate batteries is formed by connecting a plurality of battery pieces in series.
  • the present invention provides a hot water system, including a water inlet system, a water outlet tap, an AC power supply, and a water heater as described above, the water pipe inlet of the water heater is connected to the water inlet system, and the water pipe of the water heater is outlet The water outlet is connected with the water outlet faucet, and the charger of the water heater, the AC power control unit, and the second heating tube are connected with the AC power source.
  • the output power of the high-rate lithium iron phosphate battery can reach enough power to make the water heater hot when it is turned on, and it does not need to bear the risk of high power trip;
  • the central processor manages and controls the DC power output and the AC power output to coordinate the total output power stability, even if the household input line voltage is unstable, it can still achieve constant temperature effluent;
  • the central processor adjusts the total output power to achieve constant temperature water outlet under different water outlet conditions
  • the water heater is equipped with a leakage protection device including relays and fuses, which is safe and reliable.
  • FIG. 1 is a schematic diagram of functional modules of a water heater provided by an embodiment of the present invention.
  • FIG. 2 is a circuit schematic diagram of a water heater provided by an embodiment of the present invention.
  • the reference signs are: 1-battery, 2-central processor, 3-charger, 4-DC power control unit, 5-AC power control unit, 601-first heating tube, 602-second heating tube, 7-water pipe, 8-high voltage management unit, 801-first relay, 802-second relay, 803-fuse, 9-flow sensor, 10-DC-DC unit, 11-temperature sensor.
  • Embodiments of the present invention provide a water heater that uses an energy storage battery to supply power to a heating tube in a water heater.
  • the high power output of the battery achieves a high heating efficiency, so that the water heater can be turned on as soon as it is hot.
  • the following is an example.
  • an energy storage type instant water heater is provided.
  • the water heater includes a battery 1, a central processing unit 2, a charger 3, a DC power control unit 4, a water pipe 7 and A plurality of first heating tubes 601 corresponding to the DC power control unit 4, refer to FIG. 2, for example, the number of the first heating tubes 601 is four, specifically, the first heating tubes 601 are provided in the water pipe 7 outside and provides heat for the water in the water pipe 7, four first heating pipes 601 are arranged in parallel at both ends of the battery 1, the DC power control unit 4 corresponds to the first heating pipe 601, see the figure 2.
  • each branch of the first heating tube 601 is provided with a MOS tube;
  • the central processor 2 can control each MOS tube in the DC power control unit 4, specifically It is: sending a square wave to the MOS tube, the duty cycle of the square wave determines the on-off and switching frequency of the MOS tube, the more the number of MOS tubes turned on, the faster the heating efficiency of the water heater; the switching frequency of the MOS tube The higher the power of the first heating tube 601 is, the higher the power is.
  • the battery 1 is a high-rate lithium iron phosphate battery, and each group of high-rate lithium iron phosphate batteries is composed of a plurality of battery cells connected in series to form a battery pack.
  • the number of battery packs and each battery The number of batteries in the package can be adjusted according to the needs of the application. It should be noted that high rate is a professional term in the lithium battery industry. "Rate” actually refers to the current value output by the battery when it discharges its rated capacity within a specified time. The value is equal to a multiple of the rated capacity. Generally high Rate lithium battery supports 2 times (2C) charge and discharge. Ideally, the output power of the battery 1 depends on the number of battery packs and the number of battery slices in each battery pack.
  • the output power of the battery 1 can be very large.
  • the output power of the battery 1 is greater than 6 kW. Due to such a large power output, the water outlet temperature of the water heater can quickly reach a preset temperature value, achieving "open and heat".
  • the battery management system (BATTERY MANAGEMENT SYSTEM, BMS) is the link between the battery and the user.
  • the main object is the secondary battery, mainly to improve the battery utilization rate and prevent the battery from overcharging and overdischarging.
  • the core component in the battery management system is the central processor 2, which mainly implements the following functions:
  • SOC state of charge
  • the central processor 2 is also connected to an external battery sensor.
  • a temperature sensor 11 is provided at the inlet and/or outlet of the water pipe 7, and the water pipe 7
  • a flow sensor 9 is provided at the water inlet and/or water outlet. The temperature sensor 11 and the flow sensor 9 are both connected to the input end of the central processor 2.
  • the water heater further includes a DC-DC unit 10, an input end of the DC-DC unit 10 is connected to the battery 1, an output end is connected to the central processing unit 2, a charger 3, a DC power control unit 4, AC power
  • the control unit 5 is connected, and the DC-DC unit 10 is used to provide DC power to the central processor 2, the charger 3, the DC power control unit 4, and the AC power control unit 5, that is, the DC power of the battery 1 input at the input terminal It is converted into a 12V power supply voltage for the circuit board.
  • the water heater further includes a high-voltage management unit 8, which includes a first relay 801, a second relay 802, and a fuse 803. As shown in FIG. 2, the first relay 801 and the fuse 803 are connected in series.
  • the first relay 801 is used to control the battery 1 to turn on and off the power supply circuit of the first heating tube 601
  • the second relay 802 is used to control the charger 3 to turn on and off the charging circuit of the battery 1.
  • the first relay 801 and the second relay 802 may be controlled by the central processor 2: For example, when the flow sensor 9 detects water flow information and sends a message to the central processor 2, the central processor 2 Send a command to the first relay 801, the first relay 801 closes after receiving the command, and at the same time the central processor 2 controls the DC power control unit 4 (MOS tube) to close, the circuit between the battery 1 and the first heating tube 601 is turned on, and the DC When the power supply works, the water heater will heat the water.
  • the central processor 2 controls the DC power control unit 4 (MOS tube) to close, the circuit between the battery 1 and the first heating tube 601 is turned on, and the DC When the power supply works, the water heater will heat the water.
  • MOS tube DC power control unit 4
  • the water heater further includes an AC power control unit 5, and one or more second heating tubes 602 corresponding to the AC power control unit 5, as shown in FIG. 2, there are two second heating tubes 602; the second heating The tube 602 is connected to an AC power supply external to the water heater.
  • the AC power supply may be a single-phase AC power supply or a three-phase AC power supply.
  • the AC power control unit 5 is disposed on the branch where the second heating tube 602 is located.
  • the AC power control unit 5 includes a MOS tube or a thyristor thyristor corresponding one-to-one with the second heating tube 602.
  • the central processing unit 2 simultaneously controls part or all of the thyristor thyristors to close, and the external AC power supply supplies power to the second heating tube 602.
  • the number of DC power control unit 4 (MOS tubes) closed can be reduced, that is, the number of the first heating tubes 601 connected can be reduced.
  • the discharge rate of each battery slice can be reduced under the control of the central processor 2.
  • the water pipe 7 is made of a thermally conductive material
  • the first heating pipe 601 and the second heating pipe 602 are both spiral, and are wound around the outer wall of the water pipe 7.
  • the central processor 2 controls the on and off of the MOS tube of the DC power control unit 4 to control the output power of the first heating tube 601, and controls the on and off of the thyristor thyristor of the AC power control unit 5 to control
  • the charger 3 charges the battery 1 (external AC The power source is converted into electric energy of the battery 1).
  • the battery 1, the central processing unit 2, the charger 3, the DC power control unit 4, the AC power control unit 5, the heating element and the water pipe 7 are arranged in the water heater housing.
  • the water heater housing There is also a display screen on the display screen, which is used to display the working status of the water heater, such as water temperature information, remaining battery power information, and so on.
  • a hot water system including a water inlet system, a water tap, an AC power supply, and a water heater as described above.
  • the water pipe 7 inlet of the water heater is connected to the water inlet system.
  • the outlet of the water pipe 7 of the water heater is connected to the outlet faucet, the charger 3 of the water heater, the AC power control unit 5, and the second heating pipe 602 are connected to the AC power supply, and the AC power supply includes single-phase AC power supply and three-phase power supply
  • the working process and working principle of the AC power supply and the water heater are as described above and will not be repeated here.
  • control method includes the following processes:
  • the second relay connected to one end of the power supply is controlled by the central processor in advance, which is equivalent to closing the main circuit switch;
  • the preset undervoltage value such as 10% power value
  • the duty ratio of the MOS tube is controlled to be greater than or equal to 60% (preferably 80%); if the inlet temperature of the water pipe is higher than the preset high temperature Threshold (preferably 30°C), then control the duty cycle of the MOS tube to be less than or equal to 40% (preferably 20%); if the inlet temperature of the water pipe is between the low temperature threshold and the high temperature threshold, then control the The duty ratio of the MOS tube is between 40% and 60% (preferably 50%);
  • a water outlet temperature range for example, preferably 35-60°C
  • real-time detection of the outlet temperature of the water pipe if it is lower than the preset water outlet temperature (the lowest value of the water outlet temperature range, namely 35°C), then adjust the duty of part or all of the MOS tube
  • the ratio becomes larger, if it is higher than the preset outlet temperature (the highest value of the outlet temperature range, namely 60 °C), then adjust part or all of the MOS tube to reduce the duty ratio or disconnect.
  • the AC power supply mode can be added as assistance, and there are several ways to choose from:
  • Method 1 If the inlet temperature of the water pipe is lower than the preset low temperature threshold, the MOS tube is controlled and at least one thyristor thyristor is closed. This mode is suitable for winter. In winter, the temperature of the water entering the household water pipe may be only 5 -10°C, and the discharge activity of the lithium battery is also affected by the low temperature, if you want to achieve instant hot water heater, you need to increase the AC power supply immediately during the water discharge stage;
  • Method 2 If the outlet temperature of the water pipe is lower than the preset outlet temperature, control the MOS tube and at least one thyristor thyristor to close at the same time. This mode is suitable for the battery has been used for a period of time, in order to avoid the duty cycle of the MOS tube If it is too large, it is necessary to increase the AC power supply when it is detected that the battery power supply can only barely maintain the temperature range of the outlet water or even the water temperature drops.
  • Method 3 Control the MOS tube and the thyristor thyristor to be closed or open at the same time. It is suitable for the situation where the water consumption is too long or the battery loss is large. To maximize the battery life of DC power supply.
  • Manner 4 If it is detected that the battery power decreases to a preset power-saving power threshold (preferably a power value of 40%-60%), then at least one thyristor thyristor is controlled to be closed. On the other hand, if it is detected that the power of the battery is lower than the alarm threshold (such as preferably 20% power), the central processor controls the alarm device of the water heater to issue an alarm message to remind the user to stop using water as soon as possible. Preferably, in this case, once the water flow is detected to be 0 (indicating that the user stops using the water heater), the central processor controls the first relay and the second relay to close, and the charger is turned on to charge the battery of the water heater.
  • a preset power-saving power threshold preferably a power value of 40%-60%
  • a preset charging power threshold (60%-80% power value)
  • the battery power is less than 60% when the water heater does not discharge water . Then start the charger, until the power rises to 80%, then stop charging to prevent battery performance damage caused by overcharging.
  • Method 5 If the water flow in the water pipe is detected to be large, adjust the duty ratio of some or all of the MOS tubes to become large, and/or control one or more thyristors to close; if the water flow in the water pipe is detected If it becomes smaller, some or all of the MOS transistors are adjusted to reduce the duty ratio or be turned off, and/or the thyristor is controlled to be turned off.
  • the central processor obtains the estimated battery life corresponding to the current battery remaining power according to the relationship between the water heater usage time and the battery power reduction rate, and displays the estimated battery life to the user For example, in the past ten minutes, the power consumption has been reduced from 40% to 32%. It can be estimated that the remaining battery life should be less than and close to 40 minutes. For example, the user can be reminded that the remaining battery life is in the range of 25-35 minutes.
  • the water heater of the invention realizes the separation of water and electricity, and improves the purity and safety of water; it uses high-power battery power supply to achieve instant water heating, which can output water at a constant temperature under the condition of unstable AC power, and will not affect the user's use of hot water due to external power failure To improve user experience.

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Abstract

一种储能型即热式热水器及热水系统，该热水器包括电池(1)、中央处理器(2)、充电机(3)、直流功率控制单元(4)、交流功率控制单元(5)、加热元件及水管(7)；加热元件包括多个第一加热管(601)和第二加热管(602)；中央处理器(2)通过直流功率控制单元(4)控制第一加热管(601)的输出功率、通过交流功率控制单元(5)控制第二加热管(602)的输出功率、以及控制充电机(3)为电池(1)充电。该热水系统包括进水系统、出水龙头、交流电源及该热水器。该热水器能够在交流电不稳定的情况下恒温出水，该热水系统安全稳定，提高了用户体验。

Description

一种储能型即热式热水器及热水系统 技术领域
本发明涉及热水器领域，特别涉及一种储能型即热式热水器及热水系统。
背景技术
现有技术中主要有两种热水器，一种是燃气热水器，另一种是电热水器。关于前者，一般一户家庭中只装有一个燃气热水器，家中水龙头离燃气热水器有远有近，离得远的水龙头必须要排出大量的冷水之后，才能出热水，无法做到即开即热。
为此，很多家庭加装了电热水器，利用外部交流电源对水箱内的电热丝加热，这种电热水器要实现出水即开即热，功率必须要达到6kW以上，要求电源线在2.5平方毫米以上且家中需要布置独立的线路，普通的家庭用电线路根本无法实现，且一旦家庭用电线路断开，则热水器无法工作。
另一方面，电热水器工作时，无法保持水温恒定，比如，水流关小一点，温度就变高了，或者用着用着出水温度越来越低，造成恶劣的用户体验。
现有技术中没有一种即开即热且保持出水温度稳定的热水器。
发明内容
为了解决现有技术的问题，本发明提供了一种储能型即热式热水器及热水系统，技术方案如下：
一方面，本发明提供了一种储能型即热式热水器，包括电池、中央处理器、充电机、直流功率控制单元、交流功率控制单元、加热元件及水管；所述加热元件包括与所述直流功率控制单元对应的多个第一加热管以及与所述交流功率控制单元对应的一个或多个第二加热管；
所述电池的输出功率大于6kW，所述多个第一加热管并联设置在所述电池的两端，所述直流功率控制单元分别设置在每一个第一加热管所在的支路上；
所述第二加热管与交流电源连接，所述交流功率控制单元设置在所述第二加热管所在的支路上；
所述第一加热管和第二加热管设置在水管的外侧并为所述水管内的水提供热量，所述中央处理器通过直流功率控制单元控制第一加热管的输出功率、通过交流功率控制单元控制第二加热管的输出功率、以及控制所述充电机为所述电池充电。
进一步地，所述直流功率控制单元包括与所述第一加热管一一对应的MOS管；所述交流功率控制单元包括与所述第二加热管一一对应的MOS管或可控硅晶闸管。
进一步地，所述水管的进水端和/或出水端设有温度传感器，所述温度传感器与所述中央处理器的输入端连接。
进一步地，所述水管的进水端和/或出水端设有流量传感器，所述流量传感器与所述中央处理器的输入端连接。
进一步地，所述热水器还包括DC-DC单元，所述DC-DC单元的输入端与所述电池连接，输出端与所述中央处理器、充电机、直流功率控制单元、交流功率控制单元连接，所述DC-DC单元用于为所述中央处理器、充电机、直流功率控制单元、交流功率控制单元提供直流电源。
进一步地，所述热水器还包括高压管理单元，所述高压管理单元包括第一继电器、第二继电器和保险丝，所述第一继电器与保险丝串联连接，所述第一继电器用于控制电池对第一加热管的供电回路的通断，所述第二继电器用于控制充电机对电池的充电回路的通断。
进一步地，所述水管由导热材料制成，所述第一加热管和第二加热管均为螺旋状，且绕设在所述水管外壁上。
进一步地，所述电池、中央处理器、充电机、直流功率控制单元、交流功率控制单元、加热元件及水管设置在热水器壳体内，所述热水器壳体上还设有显示屏，所述显示屏用于显示热水器的工作状态。
进一步地，所述电池为高倍率磷酸铁锂电池，每一组高倍率磷酸铁锂电池由多个电池片串联而成。
另一方面，本发明提供了一种热水系统，包括进水系统、出水龙头、交流 电源及如上所述的热水器，所述热水器的水管进水口与进水系统连接，所述热水器的水管出水口与出水龙头连接，所述热水器的充电机、交流功率控制单元、第二加热管与所述交流电源连接。
本发明提供的热水器及发热系统能够产生以下有益效果：
a.利用高倍率磷酸铁锂电池为加热管提供电源，在停电的情况下仍然可以使用热水；
b.高倍率磷酸铁锂电池输出功率能够达到足够的功率，使热水器出水即开即热，且不必承担大功率跳闸的风险；
c.中央处理器管理控制直流功率输出和交流功率输出，协调总输出功率稳定，即使家庭输入线路电压不稳定的情况下依旧能够实现恒温出水；
d.通过出水口的温度和流量的检测值，中央处理器调节总输出功率，实现在不同出水量情况下的恒温出水；
e.热水器配置有包括继电器和保险丝的漏电保护装置，安全可靠。
附图说明
为了更清楚地说明本发明实施例中的技术方案，下面将对实施例描述中所需要使用的附图作简单地介绍，显而易见地，下面描述中的附图仅仅是本发明的一些实施例，对于本领域普通技术人员来讲，在不付出创造性劳动的前提下，还可以根据这些附图获得其他的附图。
图1是本发明实施例提供的热水器的功能模块示意图；
图2是本发明实施例提供的热水器的电路原理图。
其中，附图标记为：1-电池，2-中央处理器，3-充电机，4-直流功率控制单元，5-交流功率控制单元，601-第一加热管，602-第二加热管，7-水管，8-高压管理单元，801-第一继电器，802-第二继电器，803-保险丝，9-流量传感器，10-DC-DC单元，11-温度传感器。
具体实施方式
为了使本技术领域的人员更好地理解本发明方案，下面将结合本发明实施例中的附图，对本发明实施例中的技术方案进行清楚、完整地描述，显然，所 描述的实施例仅仅是本发明一部分的实施例，而不是全部的实施例。基于本发明中的实施例，本领域普通技术人员在没有做出创造性劳动前提下所获得的所有其他实施例，都应当属于本发明保护的范围。
需要说明的是，本发明的说明书和权利要求书及上述附图中的术语“包括”和“具有”以及他们的任何变形，意图在于覆盖不排他的包含，例如，包含了一系列步骤或单元的过程、方法、装置、产品或设备不必限于清楚地列出的那些步骤或单元，而是可包括没有清楚地列出的或对于这些过程、方法、产品或设备固有的其它步骤或单元。
本发明实施例提供了一种采用储能电池为热水器中加热管供电的热水器，通过电池的高功率输出，达到很高的加热效率，以实现热水器出水即开即热，以下作出实例说明。
在本发明的一个实施例中，提供了一种储能型即热式热水器，参见图1，所述热水器包括电池1、中央处理器2、充电机3、直流功率控制单元4、水管7及与所述直流功率控制单元4对应的多个第一加热管601，参见图2，比如，所述第一加热管601的数量为四个，具体地，所述第一加热管601设置在水管7的外侧并为所述水管7内的水提供热量，四个第一加热管601并联设置在所述电池1的两端，所述直流功率控制单元4对应于第一加热管601，参见图2，比如优选包括4个MOS管，每一个第一加热管601所在的支路上设置有一个MOS管；所述中央处理器2可以控制所述直流功率控制单元4中的每一个MOS管，具体为：向所述MOS管发送方波，方波的占空比决定着MOS管的通断及开关频率，导通的MOS管的数量越多，热水器的加热效率越快；MOS管的开关频率越高，所述第一加热管601的功率就越大。
在本发明的一个优选实施例中，所述电池1为高倍率磷酸铁锂电池，每一组高倍率磷酸铁锂电池由多个电池片串联形成一个电池包，电池包的数量及每个电池包内电池片的数量可以视应用场合的需求而调整。需要说明的是，高倍率是锂电池行业内的专业术语，“倍率”实际上是指电池在规定的时间内放电其额定容量时所输出的电流值，数值上等于额定容量的倍数，一般高倍率锂电池支持2倍率(2C)充放电。理想状态来看，所述电池1的输出功率取决于电池包的个数和每个电池包内电池片的数量，只要电池片够多，则电池1的输出 功率可以达到很大，在本实施例中，所述电池1的输出功率大于6kW，由于如此大的功率输出，热水器出水温度可以很快达到预设的温度值，实现“即开即热”。
电池管理系统(BATTERY MANAGEMENT SYSTEM，BMS)是电池与用户之间的纽带，主要对象是二次电池，主要就是为了能够提高电池的利用率，防止电池出现过度充电和过度放电。电池管理系统中的核心部件为中央处理器2，其主要实现以下几个功能：
(1)准确估测SOC：准确估测动力电池组的荷电状态(State of Charge，即SOC)，即电池剩余电量，保证SOC维持在合理的范围内，防止由于过充电或过放电对电池造成损伤，即监控储能电池的荷电状态；
(2)动态监测：在电池充放电过程中，实时采集蓄电池组中的每块电池的端电压和温度、充放电电流及电池包总电压，防止电池发生过充电或过放电现象。同时能够及时给出电池状况，挑选出有问题的电池，保持整组电池运行的可靠性和高效性，使剩余电量估计模型的实现成为可能。除此以外，还要建立每块电池的使用历史档案，为进一步优化和开发新型电、充电器、电动机等提供资料，为离线分析系统故障提供依据；
(3)电池间的均衡：即为单体电池均衡充电，使电池组中各个电池都达到均衡一致的状态。
在本发明的一个优选实施例中，所述中央处理器2还接入了电池外部传感器，比如，所述水管7的进水端和/或出水端设有温度传感器11，所述水管7的进水端和/或出水端设有流量传感器9，所述温度传感器11、流量传感器9均与所述中央处理器2的输入端连接。
所述热水器还包括DC-DC单元10，所述DC-DC单元10的输入端与所述电池1连接，输出端与所述中央处理器2、充电机3、直流功率控制单元4、交流功率控制单元5连接，所述DC-DC单元10用于为所述中央处理器2、充电机3、直流功率控制单元4、交流功率控制单元5提供直流电源，即将输入端输入的电池1的直流电转化为给电路板的比如12V供电电压。
所述热水器还包括高压管理单元8，所述高压管理单元8包括第一继电器801、第二继电器802和保险丝803，如图2所示，所述第一继电器801与保险 丝803串联连接，所述第一继电器801用于控制电池1对第一加热管601的供电回路的通断，所述第二继电器802用于控制充电机3对电池1的充电回路的通断。显然，所述第一继电器801和第二继电器802可以受控于所述中央处理器2：比如，当所述流量传感器9检测到水流信息并发送消息至中央处理器2，则中央处理器2发送指令给第一继电器801，第一继电器801收到指令后闭合，同时中央处理器2控制直流功率控制单元4(MOS管)闭合，则电池1与第一加热管601的回路导通，直流电源工作，热水器即热出水。
随着热水器的用水时间的延长，电池片的电量降低，为了延长所述电池1的续航时间，可选地，在必要的情况下，有中央处理器2控制接入交流辅助供电系统：所述热水器还包括交流功率控制单元5、以及与所述交流功率控制单元5对应的一个或多个第二加热管602，如图2所示，有两个第二加热管602；所述第二加热管602与热水器外部的交流电源连接，所述交流电源可以为单相交流电源，也可以为三相交流电源，所述交流功率控制单元5设置在所述第二加热管602所在的支路上，可选地，所述交流功率控制单元5包括与所述第二加热管602一一对应的MOS管或可控硅晶闸管，以可控硅晶闸管为例，比如当电池1的电池片的电量降低到某一电量值，则在直流供电的基础上，所述中央处理器2同时控制部分或全部可控硅晶闸管闭合，则外部交流电源为第二加热管602供电，由于第二加热管602的协助加热，出水温度需求不变的情况下，则直流供电的输出功率需求自然就降低了，可以减少直流功率控制单元4(MOS管)闭合的数量，即减少接入的第一加热管601的数量；亦或者可以在所述中央处理器2的控制下降低每个电池片的放电速率。优选地，所述水管7由导热材料制成，所述第一加热管601和第二加热管602均为螺旋状，且绕设在所述水管7外壁上。
综上，所述中央处理器2通过控制直流功率控制单元4的MOS管的通断以控制第一加热管601的输出功率、通过控制交流功率控制单元5的可控硅晶闸管的通断以控制第二加热管602的输出功率，以及在电量低至某一阈值时控制第二继电器802闭合(同时控制第一继电器801闭合)，则所述充电机3为所述电池1充电(将外部交流电源转化为电池1的电能)。
所述电池1、中央处理器2、充电机3、直流功率控制单元4、交流功率控 制单元5、加热元件及水管7设置在热水器壳体内，在一个优选的实施例中，所述热水器壳体上还设有显示屏，所述显示屏用于显示热水器的工作状态，比如水温信息、电池剩余电量信息等等。
在本发明的另一个实施例中，提供了一种热水系统，包括进水系统、出水龙头、交流电源及如上所述的热水器，所述热水器的水管7进水口与进水系统连接，所述热水器的水管7出水口与出水龙头连接，所述热水器的充电机3、交流功率控制单元5、第二加热管602与所述交流电源连接，所述交流电源包括单相交流电源和三相交流电源，热水器的工作过程和工作原理如上所述，在此不再赘述。
下面对具体的出水温度控制方法进行详细说明：参见图3，所述控制方法包括以下流程：
预先由所述中央处理器控制与电源一端连接的第二继电器吸合，相当于闭合电路总开关；
检测电池电量是否低于预设的欠压值(比如10％电量值)，若是，则控制充电机为电池充电，直至电池电量达到预设的工作电量值(比如30％电量值)，具体包括：检测充电机是否连接CAN通讯，若是，则控制充电机与电池之间线路上的第一继电器吸合以导通充电机与电池之间的回路，否则检查或修复充电机与外部交流电源的连接线路后，再次检测充电机的CAN通讯信号；
获取水管中的水流流量信息，若水流流量为零，则控制全部MOS管处于断开状态，否则，根据水管入口温度控制相应的MOS管的占空比，包括：
若水管入口温度低于预设的低温阈值(优选为15℃)，则控制所述MOS管的占空比大于或等于60％(优选为80％)；若水管入口温度高于预设的高温阈值(优选为30℃)，则控制所述MOS管的占空比小于或等于40％(优选为20％)；若水管入口温度介于所述低温阈值与高温阈值之间，则控制所述MOS管的占空比处于40％-60％之间(优选为50％)；
预设一个出水温度范围，比如优选35-60℃，实时检测水管出口温度，若低于预设的出水温度(出水温度范围最低值，即35℃)，则调节部分或全部MOS管的占空比变大，若高于预设的出水温度(出水温度范围最高值，即60℃)，则调节部分或全部MOS管减小占空比或者断开。
在本发明的一个优选实施例中，在利用电池直流供电的同时，可以加入交流供电模式作为协助，有以下几种方式可以选择：
方式一、若水管入口温度低于预设的低温阈值，则控制MOS管的同时控制至少一个可控硅晶闸管闭合，这种模式适用于冬季，在冬天的时候，进入家庭水管的水温可能只有5-10℃，且锂电池放电活跃性也收到低温的影响，则如果要实现热水器即开即热，需要在放水阶段立即增加交流供电；
方式二、若水管出口温度低于预设的出水温度，则控制MOS管的同时控制至少一个可控硅晶闸管闭合，这种模式适用于电池已经使用一段时间后，为了避免MOS管的占空比过大，则在检测到电池供电仅能够勉强保持出水温度范围甚至有水温下降的趋势，则需增加交流供电；
方式三、控制MOS管和可控硅晶闸管同时闭合或同时断开，适用于用水时间过长或者电池损耗较大的情况，为了保证长时间稳定出热水，在用水一开始即增加交流供电，以最大程度增加电池的直流供电续航时间。
方式四、若检测到电池电量降低到预设的节电电量阈值(优选40％-60％的电量值)时，则控制至少一个可控硅晶闸管闭合。另一方面，若检测到电池的电量低于警报阈值(比如优选20％电量值)，则所述中央处理器控制热水器的警报装置发出警报信息，提醒用户尽快停止用水。优选地，在这种情况下，一旦检测到水流流量为0(表示用户停止使用热水器)，则中央处理器控制第一继电器和第二继电器闭合，开启充电机为热水器电池充电，优选地，在检测水流流量为0的情况下，需要判断是否需要为热水器电池充电，比如，预设一个充电电量阈值(60％-80％电量值)，假如在热水器不出水的时候，电池电量低于60％，则启动充电机，直至电量上升至80％则停止充电，以防止过充造成电池性能损害。
方式五、若检测到水管中的水流流量变大，则调节部分或全部MOS管的占空比变大，和/或控制一个或多个可控硅晶闸管闭合；若检测到水管中的水流流量变小，则调节部分或全部MOS管减小占空比或者断开，和/或控制可控硅晶闸管断开。
在一个优选的实施例中，所述中央处理器根据热水器使用时间与电池电量降低速率的关系，得到当前电池剩余电量所对应的预估续航时间，并将所述预 估续航时间向用户进行显示，比如统计在过去的十分钟内，电量由40％降低为32％，则可以预估剩余续航时间应该是小于且接近40分钟，比如可以向用户提醒剩余续航时间范围为25-35分钟。
本发明的热水器，实现水电分离，提高用水的纯净度和安全性；利用大功率电池供电实现出水即热，能够在交流电不稳定的情况下恒温出水，不会因为外部断电影响用户使用热水，提高用户体验。
以上所述仅为本发明的较佳实施例，并不用以限制本发明，凡在本发明的精神和原则之内，所作的任何修改、等同替换、改进等，均应包含在本发明的保护范围之内。

Claims (11)

  1. 一种储能型即热式热水器，其特征在于，包括电池(1)、中央处理器(2)、充电机(3)、直流功率控制单元(4)、交流功率控制单元(5)、加热元件及水管(7)；所述加热元件包括与所述直流功率控制单元(4)对应的多个第一加热管(601)以及与所述交流功率控制单元(5)对应的一个或多个第二加热管(602)；
    所述电池(1)的输出功率大于6kW，所述多个第一加热管(601)并联设置在所述电池(1)的两端，所述直流功率控制单元(4)分别设置在每一个第一加热管(601)所在的支路上；
    所述第二加热管(602)与交流电源连接，所述交流功率控制单元(5)设置在所述第二加热管(602)所在的支路上；
    所述第一加热管(601)和第二加热管(602)设置在水管(7)的外侧并为所述水管(7)内的水提供热量，所述中央处理器(2)通过直流功率控制单元(4)控制第一加热管(601)的输出功率、通过交流功率控制单元(5)控制第二加热管(602)的输出功率、以及控制所述充电机(3)为所述电池(1)充电。
  2. 根据权利要求1所述的热水器，其特征在于，所述直流功率控制单元(4)包括与所述第一加热管(601)一一对应的MOS管，所述交流功率控制单元(5)包括与所述第二加热管(602)一一对应的MOS管或可控硅晶闸管。
  3. 根据权利要求1所述的热水器，其特征在于，所述水管(7)的进水端和/或出水端设有温度传感器(11)，所述温度传感器(11)与所述中央处理器(2)的输入端连接。
  4. 根据权利要求1所述的热水器，其特征在于，所述水管(7)的进水端和/或出水端设有流量传感器(9)，所述流量传感器(9)与所述中央处理器(2)的输入端连接。
  5. 根据权利要求1所述的热水器，其特征在于，还包括DC-DC单元(10)，所述DC-DC单元(10)的输入端与所述电池(1)连接，输出端与所述中央处理器(2)、充电机(3)、直流功率控制单元(4)、交流功率控制单元(5)连接，所述DC-DC单元(10)用于为所述中央处理器(2)、充电机(3)、直流功率控制单元(4)、交流功率控制单元(5)提供直流电源。
  6. 根据权利要求1所述的热水器，其特征在于，还包括高压管理单元(8)，所述高压管理单元(8)包括第一继电器(801)、第二继电器(802)和保险丝(803)，所述第一继电器(801)与保险丝(803)串联连接，所述第一继电器(801)用于控制电池(1)对第一加热管(601)的供电回路的通断，所述第二继电器(802)用于控制充电机(3)对电池(1)的充电回路的通断。
  7. 根据权利要求1所述的热水器，其特征在于，所述水管(7)由导热材料制成，所述第一加热管(601)和第二加热管(602)均为螺旋状，且绕设在所述水管(7)外壁上。
  8. 根据权利要求1-7中任意一项所述的热水器，其特征在于，所述电池(1)、中央处理器(2)、充电机(3)、直流功率控制单元(4)、交流功率控制单元(5)、加热元件及水管(7)设置在热水器壳体内，所述热水器壳体上还设有显示屏，所述显示屏用于显示热水器的工作状态。
  9. 根据权利要求1所述的热水器，其特征在于，所述电池(1)为高倍率磷酸铁锂电池，每一组高倍率磷酸铁锂电池由多个电池片串联而成。
  10. 一种热水系统，其特征在于，包括进水系统、出水龙头、交流电源及如权利要求1-9中任意一项所述的热水器，所述热水器的水管(7)进水口与进水系统连接，所述热水器的水管(7)出水口与出水龙头连接，所述热水器的充电机(3)、交流功率控制单元(5)、第二加热管(602)与所述交流电源连接。
  11. 一种储能型即热式热水系统，其特征在于，包括进水系统、出水龙头、交流电源及热水器，所述热水器包括电池(1)、中央处理器(2)、充电机(3)、直流功率控制单元(4)、交流功率控制单元(5)、加热元件及水管(7)；所述电池(1)为多组磷酸铁锂电池，每一组磷酸铁锂电池由多个电池片串联形成一个电池包，所述电池(1)的输出功率大于6kW；
    所述加热元件包括与所述直流功率控制单元(4)对应的多个第一加热管(601)以及与所述交流功率控制单元(5)对应的一个或多个第二加热管(602)；
    所述多个第一加热管(601)并联设置在所述电池(1)的两端，所述直流功率控制单元(4)分别设置在每一个第一加热管(601)所在的支路上；
    所述第二加热管(602)与交流电源连接，所述交流功率控制单元(5)设置在所述第二加热管(602)所在的支路上；
    所述热水器还包括第一继电器(801)和第二继电器(802)，在所述中央处理器(2)的控制下，所述第一继电器(801)用于控制电池(1)对第一加热管(601)的供电回路的通断，所述第二继电器(802)用于控制充电机(3)对电池(1)的充电回路的通断；
    所述第一加热管(601)和第二加热管(601)均为螺旋状，且绕设在所述水管(7)外壁上，所述水管(7)由导热材料制成，所述中央处理器(2)通过直流功率控制单元(4)控制第一加热管(601)的输出功率、通过交流功率控制单元(5)控制第二加热管(602)的输出功率、以及控制所述充电机(3)为所述电池(1)充电；
    所述热水器的水管(7)进水口与进水系统连接，所述热水器的水管(7)出水口与出水龙头连接，所述热水器的充电机(3)、交流功率控制单元(5)、第二加热管(602)与所述交流电源连接；所述热水系统还包括显示屏，所述显示屏用于显示热水器的水温信息和电池剩余电量信息。
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