WO2020107649A1 - 一种有机电致发光器件及其制备方法、显示装置 - Google Patents

一种有机电致发光器件及其制备方法、显示装置 Download PDF

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Publication number
WO2020107649A1
WO2020107649A1 PCT/CN2019/070356 CN2019070356W WO2020107649A1 WO 2020107649 A1 WO2020107649 A1 WO 2020107649A1 CN 2019070356 W CN2019070356 W CN 2019070356W WO 2020107649 A1 WO2020107649 A1 WO 2020107649A1
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Prior art keywords
light
emitting layer
emitting
layer
organic
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English (en)
French (fr)
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向明
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Wuhan China Star Optoelectronics Semiconductor Display Technology Co Ltd
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Wuhan China Star Optoelectronics Semiconductor Display Technology Co Ltd
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Priority to US16/326,395 priority Critical patent/US10789884B2/en
Publication of WO2020107649A1 publication Critical patent/WO2020107649A1/zh
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    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H10—SEMICONDUCTOR DEVICES; ELECTRIC SOLID-STATE DEVICES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • H10K—ORGANIC ELECTRIC SOLID-STATE DEVICES
    • H10K59/00—Integrated devices, or assemblies of multiple devices, comprising at least one organic light-emitting element covered by group H10K50/00
    • H10K59/10—OLED displays
    • H10K59/12—Active-matrix OLED [AMOLED] displays
    • H10K59/122—Pixel-defining structures or layers, e.g. banks
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H10—SEMICONDUCTOR DEVICES; ELECTRIC SOLID-STATE DEVICES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • H10K—ORGANIC ELECTRIC SOLID-STATE DEVICES
    • H10K71/00—Manufacture or treatment specially adapted for the organic devices covered by this subclass
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H10—SEMICONDUCTOR DEVICES; ELECTRIC SOLID-STATE DEVICES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • H10K—ORGANIC ELECTRIC SOLID-STATE DEVICES
    • H10K71/00—Manufacture or treatment specially adapted for the organic devices covered by this subclass
    • H10K71/10—Deposition of organic active material
    • H10K71/16—Deposition of organic active material using physical vapour deposition [PVD], e.g. vacuum deposition or sputtering
    • H10K71/166—Deposition of organic active material using physical vapour deposition [PVD], e.g. vacuum deposition or sputtering using selective deposition, e.g. using a mask

Definitions

  • the present application relates to the field of display manufacturing, and in particular to an organic electroluminescent device, a method of manufacturing the same, and a display device.
  • the prior art In a mixed light application scenario in which multiple organic light emitting materials need to be mixed to obtain a desired color, the prior art generally uses light emitting materials where the mobility of the first carrier is greater than the mobility of the second carrier Materials, by changing the area ratio of the second light-emitting layer to the first light-emitting layer, mixed light of different colors can be obtained.
  • FMM fine metal mask plate
  • the present application provides an organic electroluminescent device, a preparation method thereof, and a display device, which can greatly reduce the number of times of use of a fine metal mask plate, thereby reducing process difficulty, shortening production time, and reducing costs.
  • the present application provides a method for preparing an organic electroluminescent device.
  • the organic electroluminescent device is used to realize mixed light emission between at least two organic light emitting materials according to a preset light emitting ratio.
  • the method includes the following steps:
  • Step S10 an array substrate is provided, and a first organic common layer and a first light-emitting layer are formed in the pixel area of the array substrate;
  • Step S20 align the fine metal mask plate with the array substrate, and determine the opening area of different organic light-emitting material layers by adjusting the distance of the fine metal mask plate from the array substrate
  • the distance of the fine metal mask plate from the array substrate is proportional to; then at least a second light-emitting layer is formed on the first light-emitting layer;
  • Step S30 forming a second organic common layer and a cathode layer on the second light-emitting layer.
  • the opening area is determined by the ratio of the pre-configured light-emitting area between the light-emitting area corresponding to each organic light-emitting material layer and the first light-emitting layer determine.
  • the ratio of the light emitting area of the first light emitting layer and the organic light emitting material layer is inversely proportional to the distance of the fine metal mask plate from the array substrate.
  • the second light-emitting layer is formed on the surface of the first light-emitting layer, and forms a partial cover on the surface of the first light-emitting layer.
  • the materials of the first light-emitting layer and the second light-emitting layer both use materials with a mobility of the first carrier greater than that of the second carrier , A surface of the first light-emitting layer facing away from the second light-emitting layer receives the first carriers transmitted by the first organic common layer, and the second light-emitting layer faces away from the first light-emitting layer One side surface of the layer receives the second carrier transported by the second organic common layer.
  • the present application also provides an organic electroluminescent device prepared by using the above preparation method, the organic electroluminescent device at least includes a first light-emitting layer and a second light-emitting layer stacked, the second light-emitting layer Disposed on the surface of the first light-emitting layer and partially covering the surface of the first light-emitting layer;
  • the forming materials of the first light-emitting layer and the second light-emitting layer are both materials whose mobility of the first carrier is greater than that of the second carrier.
  • a side of the first light-emitting layer facing away from the second light-emitting layer is provided with a first organic common layer
  • the second light-emitting layer is facing away from the first light-emitting layer Is provided with a second organic common layer
  • the first organic common layer is used to transport the first carrier for the first light-emitting layer
  • the second organic common layer is used for the second The light emitting layer transmits the second carrier.
  • the first light-emitting layer covers the light-emitting area of the organic electroluminescent device.
  • the present application also provides a display device including the above organic electroluminescent device.
  • the beneficial effects of the present application are: compared with the existing preparation method of the organic electroluminescent device, the organic electroluminescent device provided by the present application, the preparation method thereof, and the display device use the same fine metal mask plate to adjust finely
  • the distance between the metal mask plate and the substrate can obtain light-emitting units with different evaporation areas, thereby adjusting the effective light-emitting area ratio of different light-emitting materials, so that different colors of mixed light are obtained.
  • the adoption of this solution only requires the use of a fine metal mask plate with an opening size, thereby reducing the number of times the production and use of the fine metal mask plate and reducing the production cost.
  • this process requires only one alignment, thereby reducing process difficulty and shortening production time.
  • FIG. 1 is a flowchart of a method for preparing an organic electroluminescent device provided by an embodiment of the present application
  • 2A is a schematic diagram of a preparation process of an organic electroluminescent device provided by an embodiment of this application;
  • FIG. 2B is a schematic diagram of the effective light-emitting area of the light-emitting unit in FIG. 2A;
  • 3A ⁇ 3C are schematic diagrams of the method for adjusting the vapor deposition area ratio of two organic luminescent materials in FIG. 2A;
  • 4A ⁇ 4C are schematic diagrams of the preparation process of another organic electroluminescent device provided by an embodiment of the present application.
  • FIG. 5 is a schematic structural diagram of an organic electroluminescent device provided by an embodiment of the present application.
  • This application is directed to the preparation method of the organic electroluminescent device in the prior art. There are many technical problems of using fine metal masks with different opening sizes, which increases the technical difficulty and production cost. This embodiment can solve this problem defect.
  • the present application provides a method for adjusting the distance between the array substrate and the fine metal mask plate and using the same fine metal mask plate It is possible to obtain light-emitting units with different evaporation areas, thereby obtaining mixed lights of different colors.
  • FIG. 1 is a flowchart of a method for preparing an organic electroluminescent device provided by an embodiment of the present application.
  • 2A it is a schematic diagram of a preparation process of an organic electroluminescent device provided by an embodiment of the present application.
  • the organic electroluminescent device is used to achieve mixed light emission between two organic light emitting materials according to a preset light emitting ratio, and the method includes the following steps:
  • Step S10 an array substrate is provided, and a first organic common layer and a first light-emitting layer are formed in the pixel area of the array substrate;
  • an array substrate 20 prepared with a thin film transistor layer (not shown in the figure) is provided.
  • the array substrate 20 includes a pixel area 201, and an open mask is used at the position of the pixel area 201
  • the first organic common layer 21 and the first light-emitting layer 220 are formed by vapor deposition.
  • the method for preparing the first organic common layer 21 and the first light-emitting layer 221 is not limited herein.
  • the array substrate 20 further includes other conventional film layers, such as a buffer layer, etc., which will not be repeated here.
  • Step S20 align the fine metal mask plate with the array substrate, and determine the opening area of different organic light-emitting material layers by adjusting the distance of the fine metal mask plate from the array substrate
  • the distance of the fine metal mask plate from the array substrate is proportional to; then at least a second light-emitting layer is formed on the first light-emitting layer;
  • the fine metal mask 30 is aligned with the array substrate 20, the opening 301 of the fine metal mask 30 corresponds to the position of the first light emitting layer 221, and the fine adjustment
  • the distance between the metal mask 30 and the array substrate 20 can be adjusted to adjust the opening area of different organic light-emitting material layers.
  • the opening area is determined by the light-emitting area corresponding to each organic light-emitting material layer and the The ratio of the pre-configured light-emitting area between the first light-emitting layers 221 is determined.
  • the fine metal mask 30 is set at a distance H from the array substrate 20, and another organic light emitting material is evaporated onto the array substrate 20 through the opening 301, the fine metal
  • the shielding portion 302 of the mask plate 30 is used to shield part of the organic light-emitting material to form a second light-emitting layer 222.
  • the second light-emitting layer 222 is formed in the pixel region 201 and is located on the surface of the first light-emitting layer 221 and forms a partial cover for the surface of the first light-emitting layer 221.
  • the first light-emitting layer 221 and the second light-emitting layer 222 form a light-emitting unit 22 that can perform mixed light emission according to a preset light emission ratio.
  • the distance H between the fine metal mask 30 and the array substrate 20 is just such that a pre-configured light emitting area is formed between the second light emitting layer 222 and the first light emitting layer 221 formed by vapor deposition proportion.
  • FIG. 2B is a schematic diagram of the effective light emitting area of the light emitting unit in FIG. 2A.
  • the opening area of the second light-emitting layer 222 is its effective light-emitting area S2. Since the second light-emitting layer 222 partially covers the surface of the first light-emitting layer 221, the The effective light emitting area S1 corresponds to the area outside the second light emitting layer 222.
  • both the second light-emitting layer 222 and the first light-emitting layer 221 use a material with a first carrier larger than a second carrier, for example: when the hole mobility is greater than the electron mobility, then the first light emission
  • the effective light-emitting area ratio of the layer 221 to the second light-emitting layer 222 is S1:S2, that is, the ratio is a pre-configured light-emitting area ratio.
  • Step S30 forming a second organic common layer and a cathode layer on the second light-emitting layer.
  • a second organic common layer (not shown in the figure) and a cathode (not shown in the figure) are vapor-deposited on the surface of the light-emitting unit 22 by using the open mask plate.
  • a surface of the first light emitting layer 221 facing away from the second light emitting layer 222 receives the first carriers transmitted by the first organic common layer 21, and the second light emitting layer 222 faces away
  • One side surface of the first light-emitting layer 221 receives the second carriers transmitted by the second organic common layer.
  • FIGS. 3A to 3C are schematic diagrams of the method for adjusting the evaporation area ratio of the two organic light emitting materials in FIG. 2A. Since the opening area of different organic light emitting material layers is proportional to the distance of the fine metal mask plate 30 from the array substrate 20, when the distance between the array substrate 20 and the fine metal mask plate 30 is gradually increased, That is, when the pitch is increased from H1 to H3 (H1 ⁇ H2 ⁇ H3), the effective light emitting area S2 of the second light emitting layer 222 also gradually increases.
  • the first light emitting layer 221 and the second light emitting layer 222 The effective light emitting area ratio (S1:S2) gradually decreases; accordingly, when the distance between the array substrate 20 and the fine metal mask 30 is gradually reduced, the effective light emitting area of the second light emitting layer 222 S2 also gradually decreases, therefore, the effective light emitting area ratio (S1:S2) of the first light emitting layer 221 and the second light emitting layer 222 gradually increases. That is, the effective light emitting area ratio of the first light emitting layer 221 and the second light emitting layer 222 is inversely proportional to the distance of the fine metal mask 30 from the array substrate 20.
  • the figure shows that the same fine metal mask 30 can be used to gradually adjust the evaporation area ratio of the two organic luminescent materials, and to obtain organic electroluminescent devices with different colors.
  • FIGS. 4A to 4C it is a schematic diagram of a preparation process of another organic electroluminescent device provided by an embodiment of the present application.
  • the organic electroluminescent device is a mixed light that requires multiple organic light-emitting materials, and can also be manufactured by the above preparation method.
  • the illustration only uses three organic light-emitting materials as an example for description, and of course three or more organic light-emitting materials may be included.
  • the distance between the array substrate 40 and the fine metal mask 50 is set to Ha, and the second light-emitting layer 42 is vapor-deposited on the first light-emitting layer 41. Subsequently, the distance between the array substrate 40 and the fine metal mask 50 is reduced to Hb (Ha>Hb), and the third light-emitting layer 43 is continuously vapor-deposited on the second light-emitting layer 42 to obtain Light from a variety of organic light-emitting materials.
  • the three organic light-emitting materials have the first carrier mobility greater than the second carrier mobility.
  • the three The effective light emitting area ratio of the organic light emitting material is (S1a+S1b): (S2a+S2b): S3. Adjusting the spacing Ha and Hb of the array substrate 40 and the fine metal mask 50 can also change the effective light emitting area ratio of the three organic light emitting materials accordingly, thereby changing the final mixed light color.
  • the advantage of this process is that only one alignment of the fine metal mask 50 and the array substrate 40 is required to vaporize a variety of different organic light-emitting materials, thereby reducing process difficulty, shortening production time, and improving product yield .
  • the present application also provides an organic electroluminescent device prepared by using the above preparation method.
  • the organic electroluminescent device includes: a base substrate 51; a thin film transistor layer 52, prepared on the base substrate 51; a pixel definition layer 53, prepared on the thin film transistor layer 52, and defining a pixel area; and a light emitting unit 54 corresponding to the pixel area;
  • the light emitting unit 54 includes at least a first light emitting layer stacked 541 and a second light-emitting layer 542, the second light-emitting layer 542 is disposed on the surface of the first light-emitting layer 541, and partially covers the surface of the first light-emitting layer 541; wherein, the second light-emitting layer A light emitting area ratio between the light emitting area of 542 and the first light emitting layer 541 is pre-configured according to a preset light emitting ratio.
  • the forming materials of the first light-emitting layer 541 and the second light-emitting layer 542 are both materials whose mobility of the first carrier is greater than that of the second carrier.
  • the first light-emitting layer 541 is covered with the light-emitting area of the organic electroluminescent device, that is, the pixel area.
  • a side of the first light-emitting layer 541 facing away from the second light-emitting layer 542 is provided with a first organic common layer 55
  • a side of the second light-emitting layer 542 facing away from the first light-emitting layer 541 is provided with a first Two organic common layers 56.
  • the second organic common layer 56 is formed on the surface of the light emitting unit 54.
  • the first organic common layer 55 is used to transport the first carrier for the first light-emitting layer 541
  • the second organic common layer 56 is used to transport the second carrier for the second light-emitting layer 542 Carrier.
  • the organic electroluminescent device further includes an anode layer and a cathode layer not shown in the figure, and other acceptable film layers, such as a thin film encapsulation layer and a polarizer.
  • the present application also provides a display device including the above-mentioned organic electroluminescent device, wherein, for the organic electroluminescent device of the display device, please refer to the description in the above embodiment for details, and no more details are provided here.
  • the organic electroluminescent device provided by the present application, its preparation method, and display device can use the same fine metal mask to adjust the distance between the fine metal mask and the substrate to obtain light-emitting units with different evaporation areas. Thereby adjusting the effective light emitting area ratio of different luminescent materials, thus obtaining mixed light of different colors.
  • the adoption of this solution only requires the use of a fine metal mask plate with an opening size, thereby reducing the number of times the production and use of the fine metal mask plate and reducing the production cost. For organic electroluminescent devices that require multiple light-emitting layers, this process requires only one alignment, thereby reducing process difficulty and shortening production time.

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Abstract

一种有机电致发光器件及其制备方法、显示装置，该方法包括：在阵列基板的像素区域形成第一有机共通层和第一发光层（S10）；调整精细金属掩膜板距阵列基板的距离以确定不同有机发光材料层的开口面积，开口面积与精细金属掩膜板距阵列基板的距离成正比；在第一发光层上至少形成第二发光层（S20）。

Description

一种有机电致发光器件及其制备方法、显示装置 技术领域
本申请涉及显示器制造领域，尤其涉及一种有机电致发光器件及其制备方法、显示装置。
 背景技术
在需要使用多种有机发光材料进行混光以得到所需色彩的混合光应用场景中，现有技术通常利用发光材料均是第一载流子的迁移率大于第二载流子的迁移率的材料，通过改变第二发光层与第一发光层的面积比，就能得到不同色彩的混合光。但是，为了得到不同面积比例的第一发光层和第二发光层，在蒸镀第二发光层时，仍需使用不同开孔大小的精细金属掩膜板（FMM）进行多次蒸镀，由于精细金属掩膜板使用次数较多，从而增加了工艺难度和生产成本的问题。
因此，现有技术存在缺陷，急需改进。
 技术问题
本申请提供一种有机电致发光器件及其制备方法、显示装置，能够大大减少精细金属掩膜板的使用次数，从而降低工艺难度和缩短生产时间，降低成本。
 技术解决方案
为实现上述目的，本申请提供的技术方案如下：
本申请提供一种有机电致发光器件的制备方法，所述有机电致发光器件用于实现至少两种有机发光材料之间按照预设发光比例的混合发光，所述方法包括以下步骤：
步骤S10，提供一阵列基板，在所述阵列基板的像素区域形成第一有机共通层和第一发光层；
步骤S20，将精细金属掩膜板与所述阵列基板对位，并通过调整所述精细金属掩膜板距所述阵列基板的距离以确定不同有机发光材料层的开口面积，所述开口面积与所述精细金属掩膜板距所述阵列基板的距离成正比；之后在所述第一发光层上至少形成第二发光层；
步骤S30，在所述第二发光层上形成第二有机共通层和阴极层。
在本申请的有机电致发光器件的制备方法中，所述开口面积由每一所述有机发光材料层所对应的发光区域与所述第一发光层之间所具有的预先配置的发光面积比例确定。
在本申请的有机电致发光器件的制备方法中，所述第一发光层与所述有机发光材料层的发光面积比例与所述精细金属掩膜板距所述阵列基板的距离成反比。
在本申请的有机电致发光器件的制备方法中，所述第二发光层形成于所述第一发光层的表面上，并形成对所述第一发光层表面的部分遮盖。
在本申请的有机电致发光器件的制备方法中，所述第一发光层和所述第二发光层的材料均使用第一载流子的迁移率大于第二载流子的迁移率的材料，所述第一发光层背向所述第二发光层的一侧表面接收所述第一有机共通层传输的所述第一载流子，所述第二发光层背向所述第一发光层的一侧表面接收所述第二有机共通层传输的所述第二载流子。
为实现上述目的，本申请还提供一种采用上述制备方法制备的有机电致发光器件，所述有机电致发光器件至少包括层叠设置第一发光层和第二发光层，所述第二发光层设置在所述第一发光层的表面，并对所述第一发光层的表面形成部分遮盖；
其中，所述第二发光层的发光区域与所述第一发光层之间具有按预设发光比例预先配置的发光面积比例。
在本申请的有机电致发光器件中，所述第一发光层和所述第二发光层的形成材料均为第一载流子的迁移率大于第二载流子的迁移率的材料。
在本申请的有机电致发光器件中，所述第一发光层背向所述第二发光层的一侧设置有第一有机共通层，所述第二发光层背向所述第一发光层的一侧设置有第二有机共通层，所述第一有机共通层用于为所述第一发光层传输所述第一载流子，所述第二有机共通层用于为所述第二发光层传输所述第二载流子。
在本申请的有机电致发光器件中，所述第一发光层布满所述有机电致发光器件的发光区域。
为实现上述目的，本申请还提供一种包括上述有机电致发光器件的显示装置。
 有益效果
本申请的有益效果为：相较于现有的有机电致发光器件的制备方法，本申请提供的有机电致发光器件及其制备方法、显示装置，用同一张精细金属掩膜板通过调整精细金属掩膜板到基板之间的距离，就能得到蒸镀面积不同的发光单元，从而调整不同发光材料的有效发光面积比，因此得到不同色彩的混合光。采用本方案仅需使用一种开孔大小的精细金属掩膜板，从而减少精细金属掩膜板的制作及使用次数，降低了生产成本。对于需要多个发光层的有机电致发光器件，该工艺仅需一次对位，从而降低工艺难度和缩短生产时间。
 附图说明
为了更清楚地说明实施例或现有技术中的技术方案，下面将对实施例或现有技术描述中所需要使用的附图作简单介绍，显而易见地，下面描述中的附图仅仅是申请的一些实施例，对于本领域普通技术人员来讲，在不付出创造性劳动的前提下，还可以根据这些附图获得其他的附图。
图1为本申请实施例提供的有机电致发光器件的制备方法流程图；
图2A为本申请实施例提供的有机电致发光器件的制备流程示意图；
图2B为图2A中的发光单元的有效发光面积示意图；
图3A~3C为图2A中调整两种有机发光材料蒸镀面积比的方法示意图；
图4A~4C为本申请实施例提供的另一种有机电致发光器件的制备流程示意图；
图5为本申请实施例提供的有机电致发光器件的结构示意图。
 本发明的实施方式
以下各实施例的说明是参考附加的图示，用以例示本申请可用以实施的特定实施例。本申请所提到的方向用语，例如[上]、[下]、[前]、[后]、[左]、[右]、[内]、[外]、[侧面]等，仅是参考附加图式的方向。因此，使用的方向用语是用以说明及理解本申请，而非用以限制本申请。在图中，结构相似的单元是用以相同标号表示。
本申请针对现有技术的有机电致发光器件的制备方法，存在使用不同开孔大小的精细金属掩膜板的次数较多，增加了工艺难度和生产成本的技术问题，本实施例能够解决该缺陷。
在需要使用多种有机发光材料进行混光以得到所需色彩的混合光应用场景中，本申请提供了一种通过调整阵列基板到精细金属掩膜板的距离，使用同一张精细金属掩膜板就能得到蒸镀面积不同的发光单元，从而得到不同色彩的混合光。
请参照图1所示，为本申请实施例提供的有机电致发光器件的制备方法流程图。并参照图2A所示，为本申请实施例提供的有机电致发光器件的制备流程示意图。所述有机电致发光器件用于实现两种有机发光材料之间按照预设发光比例的混合发光，所述方法包括以下步骤：
步骤S10，提供一阵列基板，在所述阵列基板的像素区域形成第一有机共通层和第一发光层；
具体结合图2A所示，提供一制备有薄膜晶体管层（图中未标示）的阵列基板20，所述阵列基板20上包括像素区域201，在所述像素区域201的位置采用开放式掩膜板蒸镀形成第一有机共通层21和第一发光层220。当然，此处并不对所述第一有机共通层21和所述第一发光层221的制备方法作以限定。所述阵列基板20上还包括其他常规膜层，比如缓冲层等，此处不做赘述。
步骤S20，将精细金属掩膜板与所述阵列基板对位，并通过调整所述精细金属掩膜板距所述阵列基板的距离以确定不同有机发光材料层的开口面积，所述开口面积与所述精细金属掩膜板距所述阵列基板的距离成正比；之后在所述第一发光层上至少形成第二发光层；
结合图2A所示，将精细金属掩膜板30与所述阵列基板20对位，所述精细金属掩膜板30的开口部301对应所述第一发光层221的位置，并调整所述精细金属掩膜板30距所述阵列基板20的距离，通过调整该距离可以调控不同有机发光材料层的开口面积，所述开口面积由每一所述有机发光材料层所对应的发光区域与所述第一发光层221之间所具有的预先配置的发光面积比例确定。
例如，设定所述精细金属掩膜板30距所述阵列基板20为距离H，并将另一种有机发光材料通过所述开口部301蒸镀至所述阵列基板20上，所述精细金属掩膜板30的遮挡部302用于遮挡部分所述有机发光材料，形成第二发光层222。所述第二发光层222形成在所述像素区域201内，并且位于所述第一发光层221的表面，并形成对所述第一发光层221表面的部分遮盖。所述第一发光层221和所述第二发光层222形成能够按照预设发光比例进行混合发光的发光单元22。所述精细金属掩膜板30与所述阵列基板20之间的所述距离H刚好使得蒸镀形成的所述第二发光层222与所述第一发光层221之间形成预先配置的发光面积比例。
结合图2B所示，为图2A中的发光单元的有效发光面积示意图。所述第二发光层222的开口面积即为其有效发光面积S2，由于所述第二发光层222形成对所述第一发光层221表面的部分遮盖，因此，所述第一发光层221的有效发光面积S1为对应所述第二发光层222之外的区域。由于所述第二发光层222和所述第一发光层221均使用第一载流子大于第二载流子的材料，如：当空穴迁移率大于电子迁移率时，那么所述第一发光层221与所述第二发光层222的有效发光面积比为S1:S2，即该比例为预先配置的发光面积比例。
步骤S30，在所述第二发光层上形成第二有机共通层和阴极层。
其中，利用所述开放式掩膜板在所述发光单元22表面蒸镀第二有机共通层（图中未标示）和阴极（图中未标示）。
其中，所述第一发光层221背向所述第二发光层222的一侧表面接收所述第一有机共通层21传输的所述第一载流子，所述第二发光层222背向所述第一发光层221的一侧表面接收所述第二有机共通层传输的所述第二载流子。
请参照图3A~3C所示，为图2A中调整两种有机发光材料蒸镀面积比的方法示意图。由于不同有机发光材料层的开口面积与所述精细金属掩膜板30距所述阵列基板20的距离成正比，当逐步增大所述阵列基板20与所述精细金属掩膜板30的间距，即间距由H1增加至H3（H1<H2<H3）时，所述第二发光层222的有效发光面积S2也逐步增大，因此，所述第一发光层221与所述第二发光层222的有效发光面积比（S1:S2）逐步减小；相应的，当逐步减小所述阵列基板20与所述精细金属掩膜板30的间距时，所述第二发光层222的有效发光面积S2也逐步减小，因此，所述第一发光层221与所述第二发光层222的有效发光面积比（S1:S2）逐步增大。即所述第一发光层221与所述第二发光层222的有效发光面积比与所述精细金属掩膜板30距所述阵列基板20的距离成反比。图示为用同一张所述精细金属掩膜板30就能逐步调整两种有机发光材料的蒸镀面积比，并获得不同色彩的有机电致发光器件。
参照图4A~4C所示，为本申请实施例提供的另一种有机电致发光器件的制备流程示意图。该有机电致发光器件是需要多种有机发光材料才能获得的混合光，也能通过上述制备方法制作。图示仅以三种有机发光材料为例进行说明，当然还可以包括三种以上的有机发光材料。
如图4A~4B所示，设定阵列基板40与精细金属掩膜板50的间距为Ha，在第一发光层41上蒸镀第二发光层42。随后，缩小所述阵列基板40与所述精细金属掩膜板50的间距至Hb（Ha>Hb），在所述第二发光层42上继续蒸镀第三发光层43，就能得到基于三种有机发光材料的混合光。
如图4C所示，类似的，所述三种有机发光材料均是第一载流子的迁移率大于第二载流子的迁移率，例如，当空穴迁移率大于电子迁移率时，三种有机发光材料的有效发光面积比为（S1a+S1b）: （S2a+S2b）: S3。调整所述阵列基板40与所述精细金属掩膜板50的间距Ha和Hb，也能相应的改变三种有机发光材料的有效发光面积比，从而改变最终获得的混合光色彩。
该工艺的优势在于仅需所述精细金属掩膜板50与所述阵列基板40一次对位，就能蒸镀多种不同的有机发光材料，从而降低工艺难度，缩短生产时间，提升产品良率。
如图5所示，本申请还提供一种采用上述制备方法制备的有机电致发光器件，所述有机电致发光器件包括：衬底基板51；薄膜晶体管层52，制备于所述衬底基板51上；像素定义层53，制备于所述薄膜晶体管层52上，并定义出像素区域；以及发光单元54，对应设置于所述像素区域；所述发光单元54至少包括层叠设置第一发光层541和第二发光层542，所述第二发光层542设置在所述第一发光层541的表面，并对所述第一发光层541的表面形成部分遮盖；其中，所述第二发光层542的发光区域与所述第一发光层541之间具有按预设发光比例预先配置的发光面积比例。
所述第一发光层541和所述第二发光层542的形成材料均为第一载流子的迁移率大于第二载流子的迁移率的材料。
其中，所述第一发光层541布满所述有机电致发光器件的发光区域，即所述像素区域。所述第一发光层541背向所述第二发光层542的一侧设置有第一有机共通层55，所述第二发光层542背向所述第一发光层541的一侧设置有第二有机共通层56，所述第二有机共通层56形成于所述发光单元54表面。所述第一有机共通层55用于为所述第一发光层541传输所述第一载流子，所述第二有机共通层56用于为所述第二发光层542传输所述第二载流子。
所述有机电致发光器件还包括图中未示意的阳极层与阴极层，以及其他制程可接受的膜层，比如薄膜封装层、偏光片等。
本申请还提供一种包括上述有机电致发光器件的显示装置，其中，所述显示装置的所述有机电致发光器件具体请参照上述实施例中描述，此处不再赘述。
本申请提供的有机电致发光器件及其制备方法、显示装置，用同一张精细金属掩膜板通过调整精细金属掩膜板到基板之间的距离，就能得到蒸镀面积不同的发光单元，从而调整不同发光材料的有效发光面积比，因此得到不同色彩的混合光。采用本方案仅需使用一种开孔大小的精细金属掩膜板，从而减少精细金属掩膜板的制作及使用次数，降低了生产成本。对于需要多个发光层的有机电致发光器件，该工艺仅需一次对位，从而降低工艺难度和缩短生产时间。
综上所述，虽然本申请已以优选实施例揭露如上，但上述优选实施例并非用以限制本申请，本领域的普通技术人员，在不脱离本申请的精神和范围内，均可作各种更动与润饰，因此本申请的保护范围以权利要求界定的范围为准。

Claims (10)

  1. 一种有机电致发光器件的制备方法，所述有机电致发光器件用于实现至少两种有机发光材料之间按照预设发光比例的混合发光，其中，所述方法包括以下步骤：
    步骤S10，提供一阵列基板，在所述阵列基板的像素区域形成第一有机共通层和第一发光层；
    步骤S20，将精细金属掩膜板与所述阵列基板对位，并通过调整所述精细金属掩膜板距所述阵列基板的距离以确定不同有机发光材料层的开口面积，所述开口面积与所述精细金属掩膜板距所述阵列基板的距离成正比；之后在所述第一发光层上至少形成第二发光层；
    步骤S30，在所述第二发光层上形成第二有机共通层和阴极层。
  2. 根据权利要求1所述的制备方法，其中，所述开口面积由每一所述有机发光材料层所对应的发光区域与所述第一发光层之间所具有的预先配置的发光面积比例确定。
  3. 根据权利要求2所述的制备方法，其中，所述第一发光层与所述有机发光材料层的发光面积比例与所述精细金属掩膜板距所述阵列基板的距离成反比。
  4. 根据权利要求1所述的制备方法，其中，所述第二发光层形成于所述第一发光层的表面上，并形成对所述第一发光层表面的部分遮盖。
  5. 根据权利要求1所述的制备方法，其中，所述第一发光层和所述第二发光层的材料均使用第一载流子的迁移率大于第二载流子的迁移率的材料，所述第一发光层背向所述第二发光层的一侧表面接收所述第一有机共通层传输的所述第一载流子，所述第二发光层背向所述第一发光层的一侧表面接收所述第二有机共通层传输的所述第二载流子。
  6. 一种如权利要求1所述的制备方法制备的有机电致发光器件，其中，所述有机电致发光器件至少包括层叠设置第一发光层和第二发光层，所述第二发光层设置在所述第一发光层的表面，并对所述第一发光层的表面形成部分遮盖；
    其中，所述第二发光层的发光区域与所述第一发光层之间具有按预设发光比例预先配置的发光面积比例。
  7. 根据权利要求6所述的有机电致发光器件，其中，所述第一发光层和所述第二发光层的形成材料均为第一载流子的迁移率大于第二载流子的迁移率的材料。
  8. 根据权利要求7所述的有机电致发光器件，其中，所述第一发光层背向所述第二发光层的一侧设置有第一有机共通层，所述第二发光层背向所述第一发光层的一侧设置有第二有机共通层，所述第一有机共通层用于为所述第一发光层传输所述第一载流子，所述第二有机共通层用于为所述第二发光层传输所述第二载流子。
  9. 根据权利要求6所述的有机电致发光器件，其中，所述第一发光层布满所述有机电致发光器件的发光区域。
  10. 一种包括如权利要求6所述的有机电致发光器件的显示装置。
PCT/CN2019/070356 2018-11-26 2019-01-04 一种有机电致发光器件及其制备方法、显示装置 Ceased WO2020107649A1 (zh)

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