WO2020105459A1 - Élément d'opération arithmétique optique et réseau neuronal multicouche - Google Patents

Élément d'opération arithmétique optique et réseau neuronal multicouche

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Publication number
WO2020105459A1
WO2020105459A1 PCT/JP2019/043736 JP2019043736W WO2020105459A1 WO 2020105459 A1 WO2020105459 A1 WO 2020105459A1 JP 2019043736 W JP2019043736 W JP 2019043736W WO 2020105459 A1 WO2020105459 A1 WO 2020105459A1
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WO
WIPO (PCT)
Prior art keywords
optical
light
refractive index
path
optical waveguide
Prior art date
Application number
PCT/JP2019/043736
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English (en)
Japanese (ja)
Inventor
大塚　卓哉
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日本電信電話株式会社
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Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by 日本電信電話株式会社 filed Critical 日本電信電話株式会社
Publication of WO2020105459A1 publication Critical patent/WO2020105459A1/fr

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    • G—PHYSICS
    • G02—OPTICS
    • G02B—OPTICAL ELEMENTS, SYSTEMS OR APPARATUS
    • G02B26/00—Optical devices or arrangements for the control of light using movable or deformable optical elements
    • G02B26/08—Optical devices or arrangements for the control of light using movable or deformable optical elements for controlling the direction of light
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G02—OPTICS
    • G02B—OPTICAL ELEMENTS, SYSTEMS OR APPARATUS
    • G02B6/00—Light guides; Structural details of arrangements comprising light guides and other optical elements, e.g. couplings
    • G02B6/24—Coupling light guides
    • G02B6/26—Optical coupling means
    • G02B6/35—Optical coupling means having switching means
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G02—OPTICS
    • G02F—OPTICAL DEVICES OR ARRANGEMENTS FOR THE CONTROL OF LIGHT BY MODIFICATION OF THE OPTICAL PROPERTIES OF THE MEDIA OF THE ELEMENTS INVOLVED THEREIN; NON-LINEAR OPTICS; FREQUENCY-CHANGING OF LIGHT; OPTICAL LOGIC ELEMENTS; OPTICAL ANALOGUE/DIGITAL CONVERTERS
    • G02F3/00—Optical logic elements; Optical bistable devices
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G06—COMPUTING; CALCULATING OR COUNTING
    • G06N—COMPUTING ARRANGEMENTS BASED ON SPECIFIC COMPUTATIONAL MODELS
    • G06N3/00—Computing arrangements based on biological models
    • G06N3/02—Neural networks
    • G06N3/06—Physical realisation, i.e. hardware implementation of neural networks, neurons or parts of neurons
    • G06N3/067—Physical realisation, i.e. hardware implementation of neural networks, neurons or parts of neurons using optical means

Definitions

  • the present invention relates to an optical operation element and a multi-layer neural network forming an optical neural network.
  • An optical neural network models a neural network in the human brain with a unit consisting of two neurons, an input layer neuron and an output layer neuron, and a synapse connecting each neuron, and networked using optical signals. It is a thing.
  • An optical neural network is generally configured by connecting neuron elements that perform sum-of-products calculation and non-linear calculation and forming a multilayer (for example, Non-Patent Document 1).
  • the conventional optical neural network needs to perform photoelectric conversion to amplify the light attenuated by making it multi-layered. There is a problem that the power loss and the speed loss associated with the photoelectric conversion are large.
  • the present invention has been made in view of this problem, and an object thereof is to provide an optical operation element and a multilayer neural network that can amplify light without performing photoelectric conversion.
  • An optical arithmetic element has a refractive index that matches a light deforming member that deforms according to the intensity of input light, a deforming lid that is connected to the light deforming member and that is deformed by the light deforming member.
  • Refractive index matching agent that transmits external light introduced from the outside, a matching agent reservoir covered with the deformable lid and filled with the refractive index matching agent, and the refractive index matching agent from the matching agent reservoir ,
  • a first optical waveguide that is inclined with respect to the path and that propagates the external light, and a path that is disposed on an extension line of the first optical waveguide with the path interposed therebetween and that passes through the path.
  • the gist of the present invention is to include a second optical waveguide that outputs the external light that has come.
  • the gist is that the input light of the optical operation element of the layer is the output light of the optical operation element of the (n-1) th layer.
  • an optical operation element and a multilayer neural network that can amplify light without performing photoelectric conversion.
  • FIG. 1 is a perspective view schematically showing a configuration example of an optical operation element according to the first embodiment of the present invention. It is sectional drawing which follows the AA line shown in FIG. It is a figure which shows typically the relationship between the light beam which propagates the 1st optical waveguide shown in FIG. 1, and reaches
  • FIG. 2B is a schematic diagram showing an example of the relationship between input light and output light. It is a figure which shows typically the example which cascaded two optical operation elements shown in FIG. It is a figure which shows typically the example which connected the optical operation element shown in FIG.
  • FIG. 1 is a perspective view schematically showing a configuration example of an optical operation element according to the first embodiment of the present invention.
  • the optical arithmetic element 1 shown in FIG. 1 is an optical arithmetic element that amplifies light without using photoelectric conversion.
  • FIG. 2 is a sectional view taken along the line AA shown in FIG. The configuration of the optical operation element 1 will be described with reference to FIGS. 1 and 2.
  • the optical arithmetic element 1 includes a light deforming member 30, a deforming lid 40, a refractive index matching agent 50, a matching agent reservoir 60, a path 70, a first optical waveguide 80a, and a second optical waveguide 80b.
  • the inside of the matching agent reservoir 60 is filled with the refractive index matching agent 50.
  • Each component of the optical arithmetic element 1 is housed in, for example, a rectangular parallelepiped casing 10.
  • the housing 10 is made of, for example, an organic molecular polymer or quartz.
  • the housing 10 may be made of another material or metal.
  • the shape of the housing 10 is not limited to a rectangular parallelepiped as long as the optical operation element 1 is configured by combining the respective components as shown in FIG. Further, the housing 10 may be composed of a frame. That is, it is not necessary to hold each component in a solid such as a rectangular parallelepiped.
  • An opening 20 is provided on one end side of the housing 10.
  • the opening 20 of this example has a quadrangular plane and penetrates in the height direction of the housing 10.
  • the input light A of the optical signal is input to the opening 20.
  • a direction is defined for explanation.
  • the side of the opening 20 of the housing 10 is rear, and the opposite side is front.
  • the central portion of the inner wall on the front side of the opening 20 is hollowed out in a cylindrical shape to form a matching agent reservoir 60.
  • the deforming lid 40 is fitted on the opening 20 side (rear side) of the matching agent reservoir 60.
  • the deformable lid 40 is made of a flexible material and deforms when a force is input.
  • the deformable lid 40 is made of rubber, for example.
  • a flat U-shaped locking portion 41 is formed in the center of the deformable lid 40.
  • the locking portion 11 having the same shape is also formed on the inner wall on the rear side of the opening 20 facing the locking portion 41.
  • the optical deformation member 30 is stretched between the locking portion 11 and the locking portion 41, and both ends of the optical deformation member 30 are fixed to the locking portion 11 and the locking portion 41, respectively.
  • the light deforming member 30 connects the deforming lid 40 and the inner wall (rear side) of the opening 20 while maintaining a predetermined tension.
  • the light deforming member 30 deforms according to the intensity of the input light A.
  • a crosslinked polymer having diarylethene, cyclodextrin, and azobenzene can be used.
  • the inside of the matching agent reservoir 60 is filled with the refractive index matching agent 50 and sealed with the deformation lid 40.
  • a path 70 having a rectangular cross section is formed from the central portion of the front end surface of the matching agent reservoir 60.
  • the refractive index matching agent 50 for example, silicone oil can be used.
  • the refractive index of the refractive index matching agent 50 is, for example, 1.485 (25 ° C.), and has substantially the same refractive index as the first optical waveguide 80a and the second optical waveguide 80b.
  • the path 70 has, for example, a rectangular cross section, and extends horizontally from the front end surface of the matching agent reservoir 60 to the front end surface of the housing 10, and the tip is open.
  • the inside of the path 70 is led out of the refractive index matching agent 50 from the matching agent reservoir 60, and is filled with the refractive index matching agent 50 up to about a half position in the front-rear direction of the path 70.
  • the tip portion of the refractive index matching agent 50 moves in the front-back direction in response to the deformation of the light deformable member 30 according to the intensity of the input light A.
  • the derivation direction of the route 70 is not limited to the horizontal direction.
  • the index matching agent 50 in the path 70 is hardly affected by gravity due to its surface tension. Therefore, the derivation direction of the path 70 may be any of the vertical up and down direction, the oblique up and down direction, and the like.
  • the position of the tip portion of the refractive index matching agent 50 in the path 70 is mainly determined by the deformation amount of the deformation lid 40.
  • the first optical waveguide 80a is arranged so as to be inclined with respect to the path 70 of the portion in which the tip portion of the refractive index matching agent 50 moves in the front-rear direction, and the tip portion is in contact with the path 70.
  • External light B is input from the side of the first optical waveguide 80a opposite to the path 70.
  • the external light B is ambient light of the environment in which the optical arithmetic element 1 is arranged.
  • the external light B is kept at a constant intensity (illuminance). The intensity of the external light B may vary to some extent.
  • the second optical waveguide 80b is arranged on the extension line of the first optical waveguide 80a with the path 70 interposed therebetween.
  • the second optical waveguide 80b outputs the external light B transmitted through the path 70 to the outside.
  • the first optical waveguide 80a and the second optical waveguide 80b are made of a material having a higher refractive index than the other housing 10 when the housing 10 is made of an organic molecular polymer.
  • the refractive index of the first optical waveguide 80a and the second optical waveguide 80b is, for example, 1.49.
  • the housing 10, the matching agent reservoir 60, and the path 70 are formed by processing, for example, rectangular parallelepiped quartz by a well-known semiconductor process and micromachining technology.
  • the optical arithmetic element 1 includes the light deformable member 30 that deforms according to the intensity of input light, and the deformable lid 40 that is connected to the light deformable member 30 and deformed by the light deformable member 30.
  • a refractive index matching agent 50 that matches the refractive index and transmits external light B introduced from the outside, a matching agent reservoir 60 that is covered with the deformation lid 40 and is filled with the refractive index matching agent 50,
  • the path 70 is sandwiched between the path 70 having an opening at the tip for leading out the refractive index matching agent 50 from the agent reservoir 60 in the horizontal direction, the first optical waveguide 80a inclined to the path 70 and propagating the external light B.
  • the second optical waveguide 80b is provided on the extension line of the first optical waveguide 80a and outputs the external light C transmitted through the path 70 (output light C).
  • FIG. 3 is a diagram schematically showing the relationship between the light beam propagating through the first optical waveguide 80 a and reaching the path 70 and the refractive index matching agent 50 moving in the path 70.
  • FIG. 3A is a schematic diagram showing the relationship between the light beam and the refractive index matching agent 50
  • FIG. 3B shows an example of the relationship between the input light and the output light.
  • the ellipse 81 shown in FIG. 3A schematically represents a light beam (hereinafter, light beam 81) propagating through the first optical waveguide 80a and reaching the path 70. Since the first optical waveguide 80a is in contact with the path 70 with an inclination, the shape of the light beam 81 is elliptical.
  • the tip of the refractive index matching agent 50 that moves in the path 70 due to the change in the intensity of the input light A is positioned at the rear end of the light beam 81 when the intensity of the input light A is maximum.
  • the input light A is adjusted to be positioned at the front end portion of the light beam 81 when the intensity of the input light A is minimum.
  • the tip of the refractive index matching agent 50 is adjusted to be located at the front end of the light beam 81 when the intensity of the input light A is maximum, for example.
  • the intensity of the input light A is minimum, the light beam 81 is adjusted to be located at the rear end portion. That is, the logic for the intensity of the input light A can be inverted depending on the direction in which the light deformable member 30 deforms.
  • the tip of the refractive index matching agent 50 is located at ⁇ shown in FIG. 3 (a). Therefore, since the refractive index matching agent 50 occupies most of the area of the light beam 81, the refractive index of the first optical waveguide 80a and the refractive index of the path 70 match within the range occupied by the refractive index matching agent 50. Therefore, the external light A is transmitted through the path 70 in the range occupied by the refractive index matching agent 50 in the light beam 81.
  • the tip portion of the refractive index matching agent 50 is located at ⁇ shown in FIG. 3 (a). Therefore, the refractive index of the optical waveguide 80 a and the refractive index of the path 70 match only in a part of the light beam 81, and most of the external light A is reflected by the path 70. Therefore, since only part of the external light B is transmitted through the path 70, the intensity of the output light C decreases ( ⁇ in FIG. 3B).
  • the tip portion of the refractive index matching agent 50 is located at ⁇ shown in FIG. 3 (a). Therefore, since the refractive index matching agent 50 occupies half the area of the light beam 81, half of the external light B is transmitted through the path 70 and becomes the output light C.
  • the intensity of the external light B can be changed (inversely proportional in this example) in response to the change in the intensity of the input light A.
  • the intensity of the external light B is constant. Therefore, by setting the intensity of the external light B to be greater than the maximum intensity of the input light A, the output light B obtained by amplifying the input light A can be output.
  • the light intensity of the input light A can be amplified without using photoelectric conversion. Further, since the optical operation element 1 does not perform photoelectric conversion, it does not cause power loss and speed loss accompanying it.
  • a constant external light B is given (irradiated) to each of the optical operation elements 1 connected in multiple layers (a plurality of cascades) to form a multilayer neural network that does not cause a loss in the intensity of the optical signal.
  • FIG. 4 is a diagram schematically showing a configuration in which two optical operation elements 1 according to the present embodiment are connected in cascade.
  • the optical signal output from the second optical waveguide 80b of the first optical operation element 1 1 is input to the opening 20 2 of the second optical operation element 1 2 .
  • the optical processing element 1 1 and the optical operation elements 1 first optical waveguide 80b 1 of 2 and the first optical waveguide 80b 2, the external light B constant light intensity are input.
  • -A multilayer neural network can be configured by connecting two or more optical operation elements 1 in cascade.
  • FIG. 5 is a diagram schematically showing a configuration example of the multilayer neural network according to the present embodiment.
  • the multi-layer neural network 100 shown in FIG. 5 has the above-described optical operation elements 1 connected in cascade in two or more layers.
  • First layer of output light Z 1 of the optical processing element 1 1 is input to the multiplier 101 2 to generate a second layer of the input light of the optical operation elements 1 2.
  • the multiplier 101 2 is multiplied by the weight w 3 outputs to one input of the adder 103 2 on the output light Z 1.
  • the adder 103 2 adds the output of the multiplier 101 2 and the output of the multiplier 102 2 to generate the input light of the optical arithmetic element 1 2 .
  • the output of the multiplier 102 2 is obtained by multiplying the output light Z 2 of the optical calculation element (not shown) by the weight w 4 .
  • the output light Z 5 to 3 and subsequent layers of the optical operation element 1 3 is also generated, configuration for generating the output light Z 5 is the same as the optical operation elements 1 2 in the second layer.
  • the reference numbers in the figure are updated and shown, and the description thereof is omitted.
  • the input light A n of the optical operation element in the) -th layer includes the output light Z n ⁇ 1 of the optical operation element in the (n ⁇ 1) th layer.
  • the external light B having a constant intensity is input to each of the optical operation elements 1 n of each layer, and the external light B is output light Z n ⁇ of the optical operation element 1 n-1 of the previous layer n ⁇ 1.
  • the output light Z n converted by 1 is generated. Therefore, the intensity of the output light Z n of the rear optical operation element 1 n connected in cascade in multiple layers is not attenuated. As a result, photoelectric conversion is unnecessary, and the multilayer neural network can be made to have no power.
  • optical components may be arranged between the optical operation elements 1 n of each layer.
  • the optical component may be, for example, an optical filter or a coupler.
  • Figure 6 is a diagram schematically showing an example in which for example the light filter 90 between the optical processing element 1 1 and the optical operation element 1 2 shown in FIG.
  • the optical filter 90 may be replaced with a coupler that branches an optical signal.
  • FIG. 7 is a perspective view schematically showing a configuration example of the optical operation element according to the second embodiment of the present invention.
  • FIG. 7 is a diagram corresponding to FIG.
  • the optical arithmetic element 2 shown in FIG. 7 is different from the optical arithmetic element 1 (FIG. 1) in that it has a third optical waveguide 80c.
  • the third optical waveguide 80c guides the reflected light reflected by the path 70 to the outside.
  • reflected light reflected by the path 70 there are two types of reflected light reflected by the path 70: reflected light that propagates through the first optical waveguide 80a and returns to the input side, and reflected waves that repeat reflection until they disappear near the path 70.
  • the latter reflected wave may deteriorate the SN ratio of the calculation of the optical signal.
  • the optical arithmetic element 2 has a reflection angle that is the same as the incident angle of the first optical waveguide 80a with respect to the path 70, and makes the tip end contact the tip end of the first optical waveguide 80a. Equipped with 80c.
  • the external light B reflected by the path 70 is guided to the outside by the third optical waveguide 80c. Therefore, the number of reflected waves that are repeatedly reflected in the vicinity of the path 70 is reduced, so that the SN ratio of the optical signal calculation can be improved.
  • the reflected light derived from the third optical waveguide 80c for the calculation.
  • the degree of freedom in designing the multilayer neural network can be improved.
  • the optical operation elements 1 and 2 of this embodiment it is possible to construct a multilayer optical neural network without performing photoelectric conversion. Further, according to the multilayer neural network 100 of the present embodiment, the external light B is introduced into each layer from the outside, so that it is not necessary to alternately perform the calculation using the optical signal and the electric signal. As a result, it is possible to reduce the power consumption of the calculation.
  • the light deformable member 30 of the present invention has been described in the example of a so-called string shape, but the invention is not limited to this example.
  • the light deformable member 30 may be, for example, a belt-shaped member or a braided member.
  • the light deformable member 30 may be anything as long as it undergoes deformation such as expansion, bending, and expansion.
  • the present invention is not limited to the above-described embodiment, but can be modified within the scope of the gist thereof.
  • Optical operation element 10 Housing 20: Opening 30: Optical deformation member 40: Deformation lid 50: Refractive index matching agent 60: Matching agent reservoir 70: Path 80a: First light Waveguide 80b: Second optical waveguide 80c: Third optical waveguide 90: Optical filter or coupler 100: Multilayer neural network A: Input light B: External light C: Output light

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  • Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • General Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Optics & Photonics (AREA)
  • Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
  • Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
  • Biomedical Technology (AREA)
  • Biophysics (AREA)
  • Theoretical Computer Science (AREA)
  • Evolutionary Computation (AREA)
  • General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Data Mining & Analysis (AREA)
  • Artificial Intelligence (AREA)
  • General Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
  • Molecular Biology (AREA)
  • Computing Systems (AREA)
  • Computational Linguistics (AREA)
  • Mathematical Physics (AREA)
  • Software Systems (AREA)
  • Neurology (AREA)
  • Nonlinear Science (AREA)
  • Mechanical Light Control Or Optical Switches (AREA)
  • Optical Modulation, Optical Deflection, Nonlinear Optics, Optical Demodulation, Optical Logic Elements (AREA)
  • Optical Integrated Circuits (AREA)

Abstract

L'invention concerne un élément d'opération arithmétique optique suscpetible d'amplifier la lumière d'entrée sans utiliser d'amplificateur optique. Cet élément est pourvu d'un élément photo-déformable (30) déformé en fonction de l'intensité de la lumière d'entrée (A) ; d'un couvercle déformable (40) couplé à l'élément photo-déformable (30) et qui est déformé par l'élément photo-déformable (30) ; d'un matériau d'adaptation (50) d'indice de réfraction destiné à mettre en correspondance des indices de réfraction et permettre la transmission de la lumière externe (B) introduite à celui-ci depuis l'extérieur ; d'un réservoir (60) de matériau d'adaptation recouvert du couvercle déformable (40) et rempli du matériau d'adaptation (50) d'indice de réfraction ; d'une voie de passage (70) qui a une extrémité avant ouverte à travers laquelle le matériau d'adaptation (50) d'indice de réfraction est extrait du réservoir (60) de matériau d'adaptation ; d'un premier guide d'ondes optiques (80a) incliné par rapport à la voie de passage (70) et propageant la lumière externe (B) ; et d'un second guide d'ondes optiques (80b) disposé sur une ligne d'extension du premier guide d'ondes optiques (80a) à travers la voie de passage (70) et émettant la lumière externe (B) transmise à travers la voie de passage (70).
PCT/JP2019/043736 2018-11-21 2019-11-07 Élément d'opération arithmétique optique et réseau neuronal multicouche WO2020105459A1 (fr)

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JP2018217931A JP2020086049A (ja) 2018-11-21 2018-11-21 光演算素子と多層ニューラルネットワーク
JP2018-217931 2018-11-21

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Citations (6)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
JPH05303048A (ja) * 1992-04-27 1993-11-16 Fujikura Ltd 光路切替装置
US5978527A (en) * 1997-10-20 1999-11-02 Hewlett-Packard Company Thermal optical switches for light
JP2003161895A (ja) * 2001-09-17 2003-06-06 Agilent Technol Inc 全反射光スイッチ
US6999221B1 (en) * 2003-11-17 2006-02-14 Alabama A&M University Bimorphic polymeric photomechanical actuator
US20060088268A1 (en) * 2002-09-23 2006-04-27 Doron Nevo Optical micro-actuator
JP2012099431A (ja) * 2010-11-05 2012-05-24 Konica Minolta Holdings Inc 照明装置および発光パネル

Patent Citations (6)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
JPH05303048A (ja) * 1992-04-27 1993-11-16 Fujikura Ltd 光路切替装置
US5978527A (en) * 1997-10-20 1999-11-02 Hewlett-Packard Company Thermal optical switches for light
JP2003161895A (ja) * 2001-09-17 2003-06-06 Agilent Technol Inc 全反射光スイッチ
US20060088268A1 (en) * 2002-09-23 2006-04-27 Doron Nevo Optical micro-actuator
US6999221B1 (en) * 2003-11-17 2006-02-14 Alabama A&M University Bimorphic polymeric photomechanical actuator
JP2012099431A (ja) * 2010-11-05 2012-05-24 Konica Minolta Holdings Inc 照明装置および発光パネル

Non-Patent Citations (1)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Title
OTSUKA, TAKUYA ET AL.: "Non-official translation: Neuron Element for a Deep Neural Network Passively Driven by External Light", PROCEEDINGS OF THE 2018 IEICE GENERAL CONFERENCE (2) ; THE INSTITUTE OF ELECTRONICS, INFORMATION AND COMMUNICATION ENGINEERS (IEICE), 6 March 2018 (2018-03-06), pages S-76 - S-77 *

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