WO2020101535A1

WO2020101535A1 - Hydrostabilized fuel, method for producing same and heat and energy exchange reactor

Info

Publication number: WO2020101535A1
Application number: PCT/RU2019/000806
Authority: WO
Inventors: Игорь Викторович ДОРОНИН
Original assignee: ТАЛАТАЙ, Василий Алексеевич; ШИРИНЯН, Юрий Хоренович; Игорь Викторович ДОРОНИН
Priority date: 2018-11-12
Filing date: 2019-11-12
Publication date: 2020-05-22
Also published as: RU2018139798A; RU2726488C2; RU2018139798A3

Abstract

The invention relates to a hydrostabilized fuel that consists of fragments of high molecular weight hydrocarbon compounds which are produced by the breaking of the intramolecular bonds of a fuel in a hydrodynamic cavitation process and which are at least partially bonded to the H+ and OH- radicals of water molecules dissociated during said hydrodynamic cavitation process, wherein the water molecules that are not dissociated during said hydrodynamic cavitation process are homogenized in the form of drops of water around with solvation shells are formed from said fragments of high molecular weight hydrocarbon compounds. Also described are a method and a reactor for producing a hydrostabilized fuel. The aim of the invention is to produce a hydrostabilized fuel that can be stored for at least 1 year.

Description

HYDROSTABILIZED FUEL, METHOD OF ITS

PRODUCTION AND HEAT AND ENERGY EXCHANGE REACTOR

FIELD OF THE INVENTION

The group of inventions relates to hydrostabilized fuel, as well as to a method for its production and to a heat and energy exchange reactor for implementing this method.

State of the art

Currently, the tasks of energy conservation and environmental safety in the operation of energy fuel plants are very relevant. One of the modern directions for solving these problems is the use of fuel emulsions such as water - fuel oil, water - diesel fuel or water - gasoline.

Studies conducted in many countries have revealed the possibility of increasing the completeness of combustion and reducing the content of toxic components (nitrogen and sulfur oxides, carbon, coke residues, etc.) in the exhaust gases by mixing in a certain ratio of water and hydrocarbon fuel . For example, in the patent of the Russian Federation N »2120471 (publ. 10/20/1998) receive a mixture of dispersed water with fuel oil, and in the patent of the Russian Federation N ° 2304162 (publ. 10.08.2007) such a mixture is supplemented with air bubbles, which gives reason to name its hydro-stabilized combustible mixture.

Water-fuel mixtures are obtained in various ways, but most often with the help of cavitation devices. So, in RF patent N ° 2221633 (publ. 20.01.2004), as well as in Japanese application Ns 2002-308603 (publ. 23.10.2002) an ultrasonic disperser based on a piezoelectric transducer is described Vatel. Such devices are complex both in design - due to the presence of a piezoelectric transducer, and in operation, since they require accurate selection of the frequency of ultrasonic vibrations depending on the specific composition of hydrocarbon fuel.

In the EAPO patent N ° 013093 (publ. 02/26/2010), issued on the basis of international application WO 2010/093228 (publ. 08/19/2010), before cavitation of a mixture accelerated to a high speed by means of gratings, the initial mixture with the content water is heated to 50%. However, details of cavitation are not disclosed in this document.

RF patent N 2340656 (published on December 10, 2008) is issued for a method for producing a nanodispersed water-fuel emulsion and a device for its implementation, containing a stator and a rotor, in which holes of different sizes are made, forming alternately narrow and wide channels when the rotor rotates, which creates cavitation. In development of this idea, in RF patent 2594425 (publ. 08/20/2016) a device is disclosed containing several rotor disks alternating with stator disks. The RF patent for utility model N ° 94482 (published May 27, 2010) describes a homogenizer for heavy fuels in which two rotors rotate in opposite directions. However, all these devices do not provide sufficiently intense cavitation.

US Pat. No. 5,679,236 (publ. 10/21/1997) combines an ultrasonic generator and a rotating rotor, which simultaneously serves as a cathode for electrolysis of water. The disadvantage of this technical solution is its complexity.

The closest analogue can be considered RF patent s 2543182 (publ. February 27, 2015), which discloses a heat and mass transfer method and a device for its implementation, containing at least two vortex tubes with tangential inlets for supplying each of them with a mixture of hydrocarbon fuel with water to form in each of these vortex tubes of a separate swirl flow; a common chamber formed on the final section of all vortex tubes due to their intersection along the generators and designed to ensure collision of individual vortex flows and rarefaction of the resulting total flow; cylindrical displacers, each of which is installed in the corresponding vortex tube.

This device implements an appropriate method, which allows to obtain a water-fuel mixture due to ultrasonic cavitation of the original hydrocarbon fuel in a mixture with water. However, the intensity of such cavitation cannot be considered sufficient.

Disclosure of invention

The present group of inventions is directed to the production of hydrostabilized fuel due to enhanced cavitation. As a result of using this group of inventions, the arsenal of technical means is expanding and the disadvantage of the closest analogue is overcome.

The first object of the present invention provides a hydrostabilized fuel (hereinafter - GTS), consisting of fragments of high molecular weight hydrocarbon compounds obtained by breaking intramolecular bonds of hydrocarbon fuel in the process of hydrodynamic cavitation and at least partially connected with radicals I And OEGs of water molecules dissociated during hydrodynamic cavitation, while water molecules that are not dissociated during hydrodynamic cavitation are homogenized in the form of water droplets around which solvation shells are formed from fragments of high molecular weight hydrocarbon compounds.

A feature of the fuel according to the first aspect of the present invention is that water droplets may have a size in the range of 1-10 microns, preferably in the range of 1-5 microns. In a second aspect of the present invention, there is provided a method for producing a GTS in a first aspect, which comprises providing a mixture of hydrocarbon fuel and water in a predetermined proportion; carry out hydrodynamic cavitation of the mixture, in the process of which: simultaneously fragments of high molecular weight hydrocarbon compounds and radicals E and OEG of dissociated water molecules are obtained; provide at least partial bonding of fragments of high molecular weight hydrocarbon compounds and radicals H and OEG; ensure homogenization of non-dissociated water molecules in the form of water droplets with the formation of solvation shells from fragments of high molecular weight hydrocarbon compounds around them.

A feature of the method according to the second aspect of the present invention is that in a mixture the predetermined proportion of water with respect to carbon-hydrogen fuel can be from 1 to 30%.

Another feature of the method according to the second aspect of the present invention is that hydrodynamic cavitation can be carried out by: feeding a mixture of hydrocarbon fuel and water into a heat and energy exchange reactor in the form of at least two spatially separated streams under atmospheric pressure; swirls of all flows in one direction; collisions of all swirling flows into a common flow with its simultaneous rarefaction; acceleration of the total flow to ensure a lower atmospheric pressure in it.

E ^{[at the} same time, the pressure during the supply of the mixture can at least 3 times exceed the pressure in the accelerated vortex flow.

In a third aspect of the present invention, there is provided a heat and energy exchange reactor for implementing the method of the second aspect, comprising: at least two vortex tubes with tangential inlets for supplying each of them a mixture of hydrocarbon fuel and water to form a separate vortex tube in each of these swirling flow; a common chamber formed on the final section of all vortex tubes due to their intersection along the generators and designed to ensure collision of individual vortex flows and rarefaction of the resulting total flow; displacers, each of which is installed in the corresponding vortex tube and made so that the ratio of the cross-sectional area of the vortex tube and the cross-sectional area of the displacer is constantly decreasing as it moves in the direction of flow of the corresponding flow; a confuser installed at the exit of the common chamber.

A feature of the reactor according to the third aspect of the present invention is that each displacer can be made with recesses extending in the longitudinal direction and designed to increase turbulence in the corresponding swirl flow.

Another feature of the method according to the third object of the present invention is that it can contain five vortex tubes, four of which can be made of the same diameter around the fifth vortex tube of larger diameter.

Brief Description of the Drawings

The present invention is illustrated by the attached drawings. In FIG. 1 shows an enlarged photograph of the distribution of particles in the hydrostabilized fuel of the present invention.

In FIG. 2 is a sectional view of a heat and energy exchange reactor of the present invention. Detailed Description of Embodiments

The hydrostabilized fuel (HST) proposed in the first aspect of the present invention consists of fragments of high molecular weight hydrocarbon compounds. Such compounds are found in petroleum products, especially in the so-called heavy petroleum products (fuel oil, bitumen). These fragments in the proposed GTS were obtained due to the breaking of intramolecular bonds of hydrocarbon fuel in the process of hydrodynamic cavitation. In addition, in the process of hydrodynamic cavitation, water partially (1-3%) dissociates into H and OGG radicals, and at least some of the hydrocarbon fuel fragments are connected with these radicals. In this case, water molecules that are not dissociated during hydrodynamic cavitation are homogenized in the form of water droplets around which “solvation” shells are formed from fragments of high molecular weight hydrocarbon compounds.

In FIG. 1 is an enlarged photograph of the distribution of particles in the hydrostabilized fuel of the present invention. In the lower left corner of FIG. 1 shows a segment equal to 100 μm. As seen in FIG. 1, only some water droplets (white circles) are no more than 10 microns in size, and the bulk of the water droplets are 1-5 microns in size.

The proposed GTS is obtained in accordance with the second object of the present invention during hydrodynamic cavitation of a mixture of hydrocarbon fuel and water in a given proportion. In this proportion, water in relation to the entire mixture can be from 1 to 30%.

The method according to the second aspect of the present invention, for producing a GTS according to the first aspect of the present invention, is implemented by means of a heat and energy exchange reactor according to the third aspect of the present invention. This reactor contains (Fig. 2) a casing 1 in which there are at least two vortex tubes 2. Vortex tubes 2, as their name implies, are designed to form a separate swirl flow of the supplied mixture in each of them. For this, each vortex tube 2 has a tangential inlet 3 for supplying a mixture of hydrocarbon fuel with water, so that the supplied mixture is twisted along the walls of the corresponding vortex tube 3. Tangential inlets 3 of all vortex tubes 2 are arranged so as to swirl the flows in all vortex tubes 2 in the same direction.

Reference numeral 4 denotes a common chamber formed on the final section of all vortex tubes 2 due to their intersection along the generators. In other words, at the end farthest from the tangential input 3, each vortex tube 2 is in contact with an adjacent vortex tube. This contact of all vortex tubes 2 is intended to ensure collision of individual vortex flows passing at the point of contact in opposite directions. The common chamber 4 formed by all the vortex tubes 2, due to the sharply increased cross section compared with the total section of all the vortex tubes 2, provides a rarefaction of the resulting total flow.

To force the creation of a vortex, a displacer 5 is installed in each vortex tube 2, the presence of which causes the swirl flow to be pushed against the wall of the vortex tube 2. Moreover, each displacer 5 is designed so that the ratio of the cross-sectional area of the vortex tube 2 and the cross-sectional area of the displacer 5 as it moves in the direction of flow of the corresponding flow (from top to bottom in Fig. 2) is constantly decreasing. That is, the clearance in the vortex tube 2 due to the expanding displacer 5 (or - at a constant cross-section of the displacer 5 - due to the narrowing vortex tube 2) is constantly reduced, causing the swirl flow to accelerate.

At the exit from the common chamber 4, a confuser 6 is installed, which is, for example, an expanding cone, which provides additional acceleration of the output stream.

The displacer 5 can be made with recesses extending in the longitudinal direction and designed to increase turbulence in the corresponding swirl flow (not shown in Fig. 2). In principle, the heat and energy exchange reactor according to the third aspect of the present invention may comprise four vortex tubes 2 of the same diameter, arranged uniformly around the fifth vortex tube 2 of a larger diameter.

The method according to the second aspect of the present invention is implemented in a heat and energy exchange reactor according to the third aspect of the present invention as follows.

A mixture of hydrocarbon fuel and water in a predetermined proportion passes under atmospheric pressure to a common inlet (not shown), from where it is distributed over the tangential inlets 3 of each vortex tube 2. Due to the fact that the inlet flow is tangential (tangential) to the wall of the vortex tube 2, this flow begins to vortex in a given direction, and the same in all vortex tubes 2. The presence of a displacer 5 gradually reduces the lumen cross section in the vortex tube 2, therefore, the flow of an almost incompressible fluid has a constant acceleration. If the displacer 5 is made with longitudinal recesses, then the turbulence of the flow in the vortex tube 2 increases even more.

Upon reaching the final section of all vortex tubes 2, flows in adjacent vortex tubes begin to partially collide “head-on”. Such - in fact, shock - collision causes hydrodynamic shock, leading to the "collapse" of cavitation cavities. Due to their constant collapse, the arising mechanical forces break intramolecular bonds, forming fragments of hydrocarbon fuel. We can say that a long hydrocarbon fuel molecule, conventionally formed by two radicals R _j - R ₂ , breaks into its components Rf and R ₂ ⁺ .

At the same time, due to the cavitation dissociation of some water molecules in the mixture, the radicals H and OH are formed. These radicals are B & OH- attach to at least a portion of fragments of high molecular weight hydrocarbon compounds, closing them open as a result of bond cleavage. That is, the formation of sufficiently stable compounds R — H and R ₂ —OH occurs. As a result of the appearance of such stable fragments, the final hydrostabilized fuel can be stored for a sufficiently long time.

Non-dissociated water molecules combined into ultra-small droplets (with a diameter of 1 to 10 microns, preferably 1 to 5 microns with more intensive cavitation) are homogenized with the formation of “solvation” shells from fragments of high molecular weight hydrocarbon compounds around them. The term “solvation shell” is used here by analogy with the following. As is well known to specialists (https: //sh.wikipedia.org/wiki/colvation), solvation consists in the fact that a molecule of a dissolved substance is surrounded by a solvate shell consisting of more or less closely related solvent molecules. In this case, a drop of water is surrounded, and the mixture of hydrocarbon fuel fragments, for example, tar-asphaltene fractions, acts as the solvent surrounding the drop of water. Water droplets surrounded by such shells persist for a long time.

The confuser 6 at the exit from the common chamber 4 provides an additional pressure drop, and, consequently, an increase in the flow rate of the resulting flow, which also increases the collision speeds of the molecules in the common chamber 4, intensifying cavitation processes.

Thus, at the outlet of the heat and energy exchange reactor under consideration, hydrostabilized fuel is released, the internal structure of which allows it to be stored for at least 1 year.

Claims

Claim

1. Hydrostabilized fuel (hereinafter - GTS), consisting of:

- fragments of high molecular weight hydrocarbon compounds obtained by breaking intramolecular bonds of hydrocarbon fuel in the process of hydrodynamic cavitation

and at least partially connected to the radicals H ¹ and OH-water molecules, dissociated in the process of the mentioned hydrodynamic cavitation;

- in this case, water molecules that are not dissociated during the aforementioned hydrodynamic cavitation are homogenized in the form of water droplets around which solvation shells are formed from these fragments of high molecular weight hydrocarbon compounds.

2. The GTS according to claim 1, wherein said water droplets have sizes in the range of 1-10 microns.

3. The GTS according to claim 2, wherein said water droplets have sizes in the range of 1-5 microns.

4. The method of obtaining the GTS according to claim 1, which consists in the fact that:

- provide a mixture of hydrocarbon fuel and water in a predetermined proportion;

- carry out hydrodynamic cavitation of the said mixture, during which:

fragments of high molecular weight hydrocarbon compounds and GH and OH radicals of dissociated water molecules are simultaneously obtained;

provide at least a partial connection of the above fragments of high molecular weight hydrocarbon compounds and radicals GG and OGG; ensure homogenization of non-dissociated water molecules in the form of water droplets with the formation around them of solvation shells from the above fragments of high molecular weight hydrocarbon compounds.

5. The method according to claim 4, wherein in said mixture said predetermined proportion of water with respect to hydrocarbon fuel is from 1 to 30%.

6. The method according to p. 4, in which the aforementioned hydrodynamic cavitation is carried out by:

- supplying said mixture of hydrocarbon fuel with water to a heat and energy exchange reactor in the form of at least two spatially separated streams under atmospheric pressure;

- swirls of all the mentioned flows in one direction;

- collisions of all swirling flows into a common flow with its simultaneous rarefaction;

- acceleration of the total flow to ensure that the pressure is below atmospheric.

7. The method according to p. 6, in which the pressure at said supply of the mixture is at least 3 times higher than the pressure in said accelerated vortex flow.

8. A heat and energy exchange reactor for implementing the method according to claim 4, comprising:

- at least two vortex tubes with tangential inlets for supplying to each of them the said mixture of hydrocarbon fuel with water to form a separate vortex flow in each of these vortex tubes with a common swirl direction;

- a common chamber formed on the final section of all the above-mentioned vortex tubes due to their intersection along the generators and intended calculated to ensure the collision of the aforementioned individual swirl flows and the rarefaction of the resulting total flow;

- displacers, each of which is installed in the corresponding vortex tube and made so that the ratio of the cross-sectional area of the said vortex tube and the cross-sectional area of the said displacer is constantly decreasing as it moves in the direction of flow of the corresponding flow;

- a confuser installed at the outlet of said common chamber.

9. The reactor according to claim 8, wherein each said displacer is made with recesses extending in the longitudinal direction and designed to increase turbulence in the corresponding swirling flow.

10. The reactor according to claim 8, comprising the five said vortex tubes, four of which are made of the same diameter around the fifth vortex tube of larger diameter.