WO2020099474A1 - Safety device for an electric circuit of a vehicle - Google Patents

Safety device for an electric circuit of a vehicle Download PDF

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Publication number
WO2020099474A1
WO2020099474A1 PCT/EP2019/081151 EP2019081151W WO2020099474A1 WO 2020099474 A1 WO2020099474 A1 WO 2020099474A1 EP 2019081151 W EP2019081151 W EP 2019081151W WO 2020099474 A1 WO2020099474 A1 WO 2020099474A1
Authority
WO
WIPO (PCT)
Prior art keywords
igniter
circuit
circuit breaker
pyrotechnic
sectioning
Prior art date
Application number
PCT/EP2019/081151
Other languages
French (fr)
Inventor
Gildas Clech
Original Assignee
Autoliv Development Ab
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by Autoliv Development Ab filed Critical Autoliv Development Ab
Publication of WO2020099474A1 publication Critical patent/WO2020099474A1/en

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Classifications

    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
    • B60L—PROPULSION OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; SUPPLYING ELECTRIC POWER FOR AUXILIARY EQUIPMENT OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; ELECTRODYNAMIC BRAKE SYSTEMS FOR VEHICLES IN GENERAL; MAGNETIC SUSPENSION OR LEVITATION FOR VEHICLES; MONITORING OPERATING VARIABLES OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; ELECTRIC SAFETY DEVICES FOR ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES
    • B60L3/00—Electric devices on electrically-propelled vehicles for safety purposes; Monitoring operating variables, e.g. speed, deceleration or energy consumption
    • B60L3/04—Cutting off the power supply under fault conditions
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
    • B60L—PROPULSION OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; SUPPLYING ELECTRIC POWER FOR AUXILIARY EQUIPMENT OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; ELECTRODYNAMIC BRAKE SYSTEMS FOR VEHICLES IN GENERAL; MAGNETIC SUSPENSION OR LEVITATION FOR VEHICLES; MONITORING OPERATING VARIABLES OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; ELECTRIC SAFETY DEVICES FOR ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES
    • B60L58/00—Methods or circuit arrangements for monitoring or controlling batteries or fuel cells, specially adapted for electric vehicles
    • B60L58/10—Methods or circuit arrangements for monitoring or controlling batteries or fuel cells, specially adapted for electric vehicles for monitoring or controlling batteries
    • B60L58/12—Methods or circuit arrangements for monitoring or controlling batteries or fuel cells, specially adapted for electric vehicles for monitoring or controlling batteries responding to state of charge [SoC]
    • B60L58/14—Preventing excessive discharging
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01H—ELECTRIC SWITCHES; RELAYS; SELECTORS; EMERGENCY PROTECTIVE DEVICES
    • H01H39/00—Switching devices actuated by an explosion produced within the device and initiated by an electric current
    • H01H39/006—Opening by severing a conductor
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
    • B60L—PROPULSION OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; SUPPLYING ELECTRIC POWER FOR AUXILIARY EQUIPMENT OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; ELECTRODYNAMIC BRAKE SYSTEMS FOR VEHICLES IN GENERAL; MAGNETIC SUSPENSION OR LEVITATION FOR VEHICLES; MONITORING OPERATING VARIABLES OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; ELECTRIC SAFETY DEVICES FOR ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES
    • B60L2240/00—Control parameters of input or output; Target parameters
    • B60L2240/10—Vehicle control parameters
    • B60L2240/14—Acceleration
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01H—ELECTRIC SWITCHES; RELAYS; SELECTORS; EMERGENCY PROTECTIVE DEVICES
    • H01H39/00—Switching devices actuated by an explosion produced within the device and initiated by an electric current
    • H01H2039/008—Switching devices actuated by an explosion produced within the device and initiated by an electric current using the switch for a battery cutoff
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01H—ELECTRIC SWITCHES; RELAYS; SELECTORS; EMERGENCY PROTECTIVE DEVICES
    • H01H71/00—Details of the protective switches or relays covered by groups H01H73/00 - H01H83/00
    • H01H71/10—Operating or release mechanisms
    • H01H71/12—Automatic release mechanisms with or without manual release
    • H01H71/122—Automatic release mechanisms with or without manual release actuated by blowing of a fuse
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01H—ELECTRIC SWITCHES; RELAYS; SELECTORS; EMERGENCY PROTECTIVE DEVICES
    • H01H71/00—Details of the protective switches or relays covered by groups H01H73/00 - H01H83/00
    • H01H71/10—Operating or release mechanisms
    • H01H71/12—Automatic release mechanisms with or without manual release
    • H01H71/24—Electromagnetic mechanisms
    • H01H71/2445—Electromagnetic mechanisms using a reed switch
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01H—ELECTRIC SWITCHES; RELAYS; SELECTORS; EMERGENCY PROTECTIVE DEVICES
    • H01H85/00—Protective devices in which the current flows through a part of fusible material and this current is interrupted by displacement of the fusible material when this current becomes excessive
    • H01H85/02—Details
    • H01H85/0241—Structural association of a fuse and another component or apparatus
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01H—ELECTRIC SWITCHES; RELAYS; SELECTORS; EMERGENCY PROTECTIVE DEVICES
    • H01H9/00—Details of switching devices, not covered by groups H01H1/00 - H01H7/00
    • H01H9/10—Adaptation for built-in fuses
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01H—ELECTRIC SWITCHES; RELAYS; SELECTORS; EMERGENCY PROTECTIVE DEVICES
    • H01H9/00—Details of switching devices, not covered by groups H01H1/00 - H01H7/00
    • H01H9/30—Means for extinguishing or preventing arc between current-carrying parts
    • H01H9/40—Multiple main contacts for the purpose of dividing the current through, or potential drop along, the arc
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02T—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES RELATED TO TRANSPORTATION
    • Y02T10/00—Road transport of goods or passengers
    • Y02T10/60—Other road transportation technologies with climate change mitigation effect
    • Y02T10/70—Energy storage systems for electromobility, e.g. batteries

Definitions

  • TITLE SAFETY DEVICE FOR ELECTRICAL CIRCUIT
  • the present invention relates, in general, the field of protection or security devices for electrical circuits, in particular for vehicles such as motor vehicles, in particular electric vehicles. More particularly still, the present invention relates to a circuit breaker comprising a pyrotechnic actuator, intended to be arranged in such a vehicle.
  • These types of vehicles generally all carry at least one battery generally used as an auxiliary energy source in vehicles with an internal combustion engine but which can be used as a main energy source, in particular in electric or hybrid vehicles.
  • the present invention provides a safety device for cutting a main electrical circuit, as well as a motor vehicle comprising at least one such safety device.
  • circuit breakers can be used pyrotechnics well suited to effectively cut these electrical circuits.
  • a pyrotechnic circuit breaker of a reduced size, which provides a quick cut-off.
  • Such a pyrotechnic circuit breaker comprises a housing through which an electrical conductor intended to be cut. This sectioning is obtained by the arrangement, on either side of the electrical conductor, of a punch and of a matrix situated opposite this punch. A control current is generated to activate a pyrotechnic igniter. The pyrotechnic charge of this igniter will propel the punch in a translational movement towards the matrix. In this movement, the punch-die combination will cut the electrical conductor disposed between these two members.
  • Document WO 2017/042321 describes a protection device comprising a pyrotechnic circuit breaker, as described above, connected in series with a traditional fuse in a power circuit.
  • the pyrotechnic circuit breaker igniter is controlled by an automatically generated current when the fuse blows. In fact, when a short circuit occurs, the strong current flowing through the fuse blows the fuse, which generates an electric arc across the fuse. This electric arc results in the appearance of a large potential difference between the terminals of the fuse, which generates a current in a secondary igniter control circuit mounted in parallel with the fuse. This current activates the igniter which in turn activates the power circuit disconnecting device.
  • This device makes it possible to obtain an independent cut-off of the power circuit since it does not require any control electronics for the pyrotechnic igniter unlike the device described in the previous document WO 2015/1 17998 which uses an electronic control unit. However, without such electronics, it has no active means of triggering the pyrotechnic igniter. Consequently, this device is not suitable for anticipating potentially dangerous situations because it only allows the power circuit to be opened when the danger is already present.
  • the invention first of all proposes an autonomous safety device which can also be controlled.
  • the autonomous nature of this safety device aims in particular to be able to operate without external energy supply.
  • a first aspect of the present invention relates to a safety device arranged to cut a main electrical circuit.
  • This safety device comprises an autonomous tripping element, such as a fuse, arranged to form part of the main circuit, and a pyrotechnic circuit breaker unit.
  • This unit includes at least one electrical conductor connected to the self-triggering element and arranged to be part of the main electrical circuit, as well as a disconnect device configured to sever the electrical conductor.
  • the disconnection device comprises a first igniter, arranged to actuate the disconnection device, electrically connected with the autonomous trigger element so that an actuation of the autonomous trigger element can generate a first firing current of the first igniter. This first firing current being obtained during an opening of the main electrical circuit by the self-triggering element.
  • the pyrotechnic circuit breaker unit further comprises at least one second igniter arranged to actuate the disconnecting device, and arranged to be electrically connected to an electronic control unit configured to generate a second firing current from the second igniter.
  • the first igniter and the second igniter are supported by a single and same component of the circuit breaker unit.
  • the autonomous triggering element is mounted in parallel with the first igniter.
  • This safety device is preferably a vehicle device, for example a motor vehicle such as a vehicle with an internal combustion engine, electric or hybrid.
  • the main electrical circuit can typically be a power circuit of such a vehicle for example.
  • self-triggering element is understood to mean an element arranged to open the main electrical circuit in the event of an overvoltage and / or overcurrent. In what follows, a fuse is said to be "blown" when the conducting element has been destroyed and that no electric arc can form taking into account the values of the electric voltages present in the electric circuit 1. It then forms a circuit electrically open through which no electric current can flow.
  • a fuse is said to be "blowing" when the electric current passing through it has exceeded the breaking current, causing the conductive element to start blowing, but the electric voltage across its terminals is higher than the breaking voltage. of this fuse, causing the appearance of an electric arc between its terminals. The electric arc continues as long as the fuse is blowing.
  • the safety device of the present invention makes it possible to cut off the main circuit either when a strong current appears in this main circuit, or by means of a control signal which gives an order voluntary to cut off the main circuit as prevention.
  • this safety device integrates both a passive trigger system and an active trigger system.
  • the passive tripping system being that which is linked to the fuse and which allows the main circuit to be opened in the event of proven danger, for example during a short circuit in the main circuit.
  • the active trigger system is one which can be controlled by a control unit, in particular an electrically independent or isolated control unit, in particular the control unit is independent of the main electrical circuit, so as to be protected strong currents that can travel through the main electrical circuit.
  • the device provides reliable protection against strong currents with the first igniter which can be described as "passive igniter, and remains actuable if necessary, even in the absence of strong current, with the second igniter, that one can qualify "active igniter.
  • the security device of the present invention is of simple and robust design, in particular thanks to the architecture of the circuit breaker unit which is advantageously provided with one and the same component to support the first and second igniter. Because of this architecture, the forces generated by the explosion of pyrotechnic charges, included in the igniters, can be distributed over the entire structure of the circuit breaker unit. This distribution of stresses prevents any local deformation in the vicinity of the igniters and thus makes it possible to guarantee adequate propulsion of the punch towards the matrix without biasing, or even stopping, the latter in its movement. The reliability of the circuit breaker unit is therefore advantageously improved.
  • the electrical conductor connected to the autonomous trigger element is preferably mounted in series with the latter.
  • the actuation of the autonomous tripping element is constituted by the melting of the fuse.
  • the cutting device comprises a cutting member which consists of a punch and a matrix located on either side of the electrical conductor.
  • this sectioning member can be activated by the first igniter or the second igniter.
  • This embodiment makes it possible to concentrate two igniters on the same sectioning member. In other words, two igniters are arranged to be able to actuate a single punch. This configuration makes it possible to obtain a versatile device which is very compact and less expensive than if each igniter has its own sectioning member.
  • the sectioning device comprises two sectioning members.
  • the sectioning device comprises a first sectioning member and a second sectioning member, each consisting of at least one punch and at least one matrix respectively located on either side of the electrical conductor.
  • the first sectioning member can be activated by the first igniter and the second sectioning member can be activated by the second igniter.
  • the two sectioning members are configured to section the same electrical conductor. This electrical conductor is a separate element from the main electrical circuit which is attached to it, namely inserted into the main electrical circuit.
  • the firing of one of the two igniters makes it possible to generate the firing of the second igniter.
  • Such a safety device has the advantage of being very reliable because it would make it possible to compensate for the malfunction of one igniter by resorting to the other whatever the cause which generates this triggering.
  • the pyrotechnic circuit breaker unit comprises a first sectioning device forming a first pyrotechnic circuit breaker mounted in series with a second sectioning device forming a second pyrotechnic circuit breaker and where the first cut -pyrotechnic circuit comprises the first igniter and the second pyrotechnic circuit breaker comprises the second igniter.
  • the first and second pyrotechnic circuit breakers are identical, which advantageously makes it possible to reduce manufacturing costs and facilitates maintenance, in particular in the event of replacement of one of these circuit breakers.
  • the device of the invention is configured to be installed in a motor vehicle and the electronic control unit is configured to activate the triggering of the second igniter during an event such as a sudden deceleration of this motor vehicle.
  • this embodiment makes it possible in particular to prevent any danger, at the level of the main circuit, which may typically arise during an accident or a vehicle crash.
  • This embodiment is therefore advantageously configured in order to be able to acquire a function of anticipating a danger and reacting accordingly, at least as a preventive measure for the safety of objects, such as batteries or vehicle equipment, and people, such as vehicle users or persons who can work on this vehicle from outside the vehicle.
  • the electronic control unit is further configured to activate the triggering of the second igniter by detecting a fault current.
  • This variant may prove useful in the case where the electronic control unit is capable of managing an electrical energy storage member such as one or more batteries in order to be able to also protect this electrical energy storage member against short circuits.
  • the security device further comprises an electrical resistance electrically connected in series with the first igniter.
  • the invention also relates to a motor vehicle comprising at least one safety device according to any one of the preceding embodiments.
  • this safety device is preferably a safety device for a vehicle, it could also be used in other fields, for example in the field of building construction, as an electrical building safety device, or in the field of renewable energies, as a safety device for circuits integrating photovoltaic panels or wind turbines for example.
  • FIG. 1 schematically shows a pyrotechnic circuit breaker
  • FIG. 2 schematically shows the safety device of the invention in a first embodiment
  • FIG. 3a shows a variant of the pyrotechnic circuit breaker of Figure 1;
  • Figure 3b gives a more detailed representation of the illustration of Figure 3a in accordance with a vertical sectional view
  • FIG. 4a shows schematically the security device of the invention in a second embodiment
  • Figure 4b is an illustration similar to that of Figure 3b applied to the second embodiment shown in Figure 4a.
  • This pyrotechnic circuit breaker 10 is crossed by an electrical conductor 5 of a main electrical circuit 1, typically a power circuit that must be protected or from which people must be protected in the event of a malfunction.
  • the two ends of the electrical conductor 5 typically constitute terminals for connection to the main electrical circuit 1.
  • the electrical conductor 5 generally consists of a copper flat intended to be cut.
  • the pyrotechnic circuit breaker 10 essentially comprises a sectioning member 13 formed mainly by a punch 14 and a die 15. This die 15 is arranged opposite the punch 14 and in correspondence with the latter. As illustrated in FIG.
  • the electrical conductor 5 is intact and is arranged between the punch 14 and the corresponding matrix 15.
  • the punch 14 is propelled in a translational movement against the matrix 15. In this movement, the electrical conductor 5 is cut when the punch 14 strikes the matrix 15.
  • the assembly formed by the punch 14 and the matrix 15 constitutes the sectioning member 13 surrounded by the broken line of oval shape in this FIG. 1.
  • the activation of the pyrotechnic circuit breaker 1 is obtained by a pyrotechnic igniter 12 which can be electrically connected to a secondary electrical circuit for its ignition.
  • the ignition of the pyrotechnic igniter 12 by means of a trigger current flowing in the secondary electrical circuit, will make it possible to ignite the pyrotechnic charge included in the igniter. This explosion will have the effect of propelling the punch 14 towards the matrix 15 and of cutting the electric conductor 5 in passing.
  • FIG. 2 it schematically shows the safety device of the invention in a first embodiment.
  • This device is arranged to cut the main electrical circuit 1, in particular the electrical conductor 5 of this main electrical circuit.
  • This safety device is preferably a vehicle safety device, in particular of a motor vehicle, for example a thermal or electric vehicle.
  • the safety device of the invention firstly comprises an autonomous trigger element 20.
  • this autonomous trigger element 20 could be a fuse, also commonly called circuit breaker with fuse.
  • the fuse essentially comprises, between its two terminals 21a, 21b, a conductive wire intended to melt to open the main electric circuit 1 when the electric current in this main circuit 1 reaches a value of intensity greater than the maximum threshold that the fuse 20 is able to withstand during a certain time interval.
  • this autonomous trigger element 20 could be a magnetic switch and the main electric circuit 1 could be arranged so that when the main electric circuit is traversed by a current greater than a predetermined value, it generates a field magnetic release of this magnetic switch. To do this, several embodiments could be envisaged.
  • an assembly or device consisting of a coil, of the electromagnet type for example, of a magnetic strip switch, otherwise known by the name "reed switch", and of a source of energy.
  • the coil would be intended to be able to generate a magnetic field which would make it possible to close the reed switch (due to the sensitivity of this switch to the magnetic field) and to generate a first electric firing current of a first igniter, as described in more detail below.
  • a coil mounted in the main electric circuit 1 and configured to be able to generate a magnetic field sufficient to close a magnetic switch when the main electric circuit 1 is crossed by an electric current of too high intensity. Closing the magnetic switch, mounted in parallel with the coil, could then allow free passage to an electric firing current from the first igniter.
  • the safety device of Figure 2 also includes a pyrotechnic circuit breaker unit 40 arranged in series with the self-triggering element 20 in the main electrical circuit 1.
  • This pyrotechnic circuit breaker unit 40 comprises at least one electrical conductor 5, connected to the autonomous trigger element 20, and a disconnecting device 30.
  • the electrical conductor 5 is preferably mounted in series with the autonomous trigger element 20
  • the disconnection device 30 is configured to cut the electrical conductor 5 and, to do this, comprises a first igniter 31 arranged to actuate the disconnection device 30, in particular to actuate at least one piston 14 comparable to the disconnection member 13 illustrated as an example in FIG. 1.
  • the first igniter (31) is electrically connected in parallel with the fuse 20, via a secondary electrical circuit 2, in order to be able to generate a first electric current In firing of the first igniter 31 by opening of the main electric circuit 1 by the element with autonomous trigger 20.
  • a current I of too high intensity for the element with autonomous triggering 20 the latter will melt or partially melt under the effect of this too strong current.
  • Due to the powers at play in the main circuit 1, an electric arc will then form between the terminals 21a and 21b of the autonomous tripping element 20 (here in the form of a fuse). The appearance of such an electric arc will also generate a voltage across the terminals of the autonomous trigger element 20. This voltage, associated with the electrical resistivity of the secondary electrical circuit 2, will generate the first electric firing current h of the first igniter 31.
  • the autonomous trigger element (20) consists of a device comprising at least one coil and a reed switch
  • the operation of such a device could be as follows: by placing the coil between the terminals 21a and 21b (that is to say in place of the fuse previously described), the latter will generate a magnetic field when it is crossed by the current
  • this current I is of high intensity, typically during a malfunction in the main circuit 1, the magnetic field may be strong enough to actuate the reed switch arranged nearby in the secondary electrical circuit
  • the secondary electric circuit would be electrically independent or isolated from the main circuit 1 and would also include a source of energy sufficient to generate a first electric current read to ignite the first igniter 31 by actuation of the reed switch provided for closing the secondary electrical circuit 2.
  • the reed switch would be open in the rest position and closed in the actuated position.
  • the autonomous trigger element 20 is formed of a device consisting of at least one coil, a reed switch and a power source, it does not remain unless this autonomous trigger element 20, in particular the coil of this element, must also be mounted in series with the electrical conductor 5.
  • the pyrotechnic circuit breaker unit further comprises at least a second igniter 32 arranged to actuate the cutting device, in particular to actuate at least one piston 14 comparable to that of the sectioning member 13 illustrated as an example in FIG. 1.
  • this second igniter 32 is also arranged to be able to be electrically connected to an electronic control unit 50.
  • this electronic control unit 50 is not necessarily part of the security device of the invention, it has been shown in lines mixed in Figures 2 and 5.
  • the pyrotechnic circuit breaker unit 40 comprises at least two igniters 31, 32, at least one of which is electrically connected with the autonomous trigger element 20, via a secondary circuit 2 , and the other is designed to be able to be connected to at least one electronic control unit 50.
  • the connection of the first igniter 31 to the terminals 21 a, 21 b of the autonomous trigger element 20 can be easily carried out for example by means of terminals 41 a, 41 b of the pyrotechnic circuit breaker unit 40. It will be noted that, by such a connection, the first igniter 31 can be connected to the main electrical circuit 1, via the secondary electrical circuit 2, when the element with independent trigger 20 consists of a fuse.
  • the electronic control unit 50 in particular the connection to this unit via the terminals 42a, 42b of the pyrotechnic circuit breaker unit 40 (more precisely of the second igniter 32 of this unit), is in all cases isolated from the power circuit, i.e. from the main electrical circuit 1.
  • the circuits and electronic components of such a control unit 50 are in fact very sensitive to variations and / or high electrical voltages to which they could be subjected.
  • the fact that the connection of the second igniter 32 is independent of the main electrical circuit 1 therefore makes it possible to ensure the protection of the electronic control unit 50 against the undesirable effects generated by the main electrical circuit 1.
  • the safety device of the present invention can advantageously comprise a passive electrical circuit, materialized by the secondary circuit 2 and the terminals 41 a, 41 b, and be connected to an active electrical circuit, by the 'via terminals 42a, 42b which are intended to electrically connect the second igniter 32 to an electronic control unit 50.
  • the secondary electrical circuit 2 is qualified as passive due to the fact that the first electric current firing firing of the first igniter 31 depends on the state of the element with independent triggering. Consequently, the first electric current In cannot be generated on request, for example by a control member such as the electronic control member 50.
  • This passive electric circuit will therefore be activated by the melting of the fuse or by the closing of the reed switch, typically during a short circuit or a fault current in the main circuit 1.
  • a short circuit can typically occur during improper handling / connection or during an accident through which a shock would cause a malfunction in the main electrical circuit.
  • the circuit intended to be connected to terminals 42a, 42b of the second igniter 32 is qualified as active because the second electric current l3 ⁇ 4 of the firing control of the second igniter 32 can be generated on request by means of the member. electronic control 50. Consequently, this so-called active circuit will be particularly suitable for situations in which it is advisable to open the main electric circuit 1, as a precaution, to protect the equipment of the power circuit and the persons who may be in contact with it. circuit. Typically, such a situation arises before an impact from the vehicle, like airbags which deploy to prevent injuries to the occupants of a vehicle before an imminent impact. This can also occur during the diagnosis of a malfunction in the electrical circuit, detectable for example by a current measurement device.
  • the electronic control unit 50 is configured to be able to ignite the second igniter 32 and actuate the disconnect device 30 independently of the first igniter 31.
  • the cutting device 30 comprises a cutting member 13 such as that of Figure 1 which consists of a punch 14 and a matrix 15 located on either side of the conductor electric 5.
  • this sectioning member 13 also has the particularity of being activatable by the first igniter 31 or by the second igniter 32.
  • FIG 3a it illustrates an example of a first variant 10 'of the pyrotechnic circuit breaker 10 of Figure 1 may be suitable for several embodiments of the present invention.
  • two igniters 12a, 12b are arranged to be able to actuate the same piston 14.
  • These igniters could typically be the first igniter 31 and the second igniter 32 of any of the embodiments of the invention.
  • these igniters 12a, 12b are activated independently of one another.
  • Figure 3b gives, in a vertical sectional view, a more detailed and more realistic representation of the embodiment illustrated in Figure 3a.
  • the hatching shown in the section of FIG. 3b makes it possible to better show that the first and second igniters 12a, 12b are supported by a single and same component 43 of the pyrotechnic circuit breaker 10 or of the unit which constitutes this circuit breaker.
  • the component 43 preferably constitutes a monolithic framework on which the igniters 12a, 12b rest and, more preferably still, all of the components of the pyrotechnic circuit breaker 10 '. Thanks to this architecture, the mechanical stresses generated by the explosions of the pyrotechnic charges contained in the igniters can be distributed and absorbed by the entire framework formed by the component 43. This configuration contributes to preventing the appearance, in particular at level of the igniter support, deformations which could in particular bias or even halt the movement of the punch 14 when the latter is projected in the direction of the matrix 15 in which it is intended to fit to cut the conductor 5.
  • the cutting device 30 comprises a first cutting member 13a and a second cutting member 13b, each consisting of at least one punch 14 and d 'at least one matrix 15 respectively located on either side of the electrical conductor 5.
  • the first sectioning member 13a is intended to be able to be activated by the first igniter 31 and the second sectioning member 13b is intended to be be able to be activated by the second igniter 32.
  • the electrical conductor 5 is an element which is common to the two sectioning members 13a, 13b.
  • the pyrotechnic circuit breaker unit 40 could comprise a first pyrotechnic circuit breaker 10a mounted in series with a second pyrotechnic circuit breaker 10b, in which the first pyrotechnic circuit breaker 10a comprises the first igniter 31 and the second circuit breaker Pyrotechnic 10b includes the second igniter 32.
  • the first and second pyrotechnic circuit breakers 10a, 10b may be different or identical. In particular, at least one of them may be identical or comparable to the pyrotechnic circuit breaker 10 illustrated in FIG. 1.
  • Figure 4b is a more detailed representation in vertical section of the illustration of Figure 4a.
  • the hatches shown in the vertical section of this figure 4b show that the first and second igniters 31, 32 are held by the same support which is constituted by the component 43 of the circuit breaker unit 40.
  • the component 43 is therefore not limited to the first or second pyrotechnic circuit breaker 10a, 10b, but advantageously includes these two circuit breakers so as to form a common basic structure within the pyrotechnic circuit breaker unit 40
  • the technical effect provided by component 43 of this unit is the same as that mentioned with reference to FIG. 3b. The reliability of the safety device is therefore improved.
  • the security device of the present invention is configured to be installed in a motor vehicle.
  • the electronic control unit 50 could be configured to activate the triggering of the second igniter 32 during a sudden deceleration of this motor vehicle or the detection of a malfunction.
  • the secondary circuit 2 comprises a resistive member, such as an electrical resistance 7 for example.
  • a resistor 7 will be electrically connected in parallel with the autonomous trigger element 20.
  • this electrical resistor 7 could be part of the first igniter 31.
  • the electrical resistance 7 is at least ten times, preferably at least a hundred times, more resistive than the electrical conductor 5. In this way, and in particular in the case where the autonomous triggering element 20 would consist of a fuse, almost all of the current I of the main electrical circuit 1 will pass through this fuse and an insignificant part will pass through the secondary circuit 2.
  • the secondary circuit, preferably the first igniter 31, will be configured so that this insignificant part is not sufficient to trigger the first igniter 31 and is therefore less than the first electric current In of ignition of this igniter 31.
  • the object of the present invention also relates to a motor vehicle comprising at least one safety device according to one of the variants or one of the embodiments described above.

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Abstract

Vehicle safety device designed to cut off a main electric circuit (1), comprising: - an autonomous triggering element (20) designed to be part of said main circuit, and - a pyrotechnic circuit breaker unit (40) comprising: - at least one electrical conductor (5) connected to the autonomous triggering element, and - a severing device (30) which is configured to sever the electrical conductor and comprises a first ignition member (31) which is designed to actuate the severing device and is electrically connected to the autonomous triggering element in order to bring about a first ignition current (h) for the first ignition member (31) when the autonomous triggering element is actuated. The pyrotechnic short-circuit unit also comprises a second ignition member (32) which is designed to actuate the severing device and to be electrically connected to an electronic control unit (50) which is configured to bring about a second electric current (h) for igniting the second ignition member.

Description

DESCRIPTION  DESCRIPTION
TITRE : DISPOSITIF DE SECURITE POUR CIRCUIT-ELECTRIQUE DE  TITLE: SAFETY DEVICE FOR ELECTRICAL CIRCUIT
VEHICULE  VEHICLE
DOMAINE TECHNIQUE TECHNICAL AREA
[0001] La présente invention concerne, de manière générale, le domaine des dispositifs de protection ou de sécurité pour circuits électriques, en particulier pour des véhicules tels que des véhicules automobiles, notamment des véhicules électriques. Plus particulièrement encore, la présente invention porte sur un coupe- circuit comprenant un actionneur pyrotechnique, destiné à être agencé dans un tel véhicule.  The present invention relates, in general, the field of protection or security devices for electrical circuits, in particular for vehicles such as motor vehicles, in particular electric vehicles. More particularly still, the present invention relates to a circuit breaker comprising a pyrotechnic actuator, intended to be arranged in such a vehicle.
[0002] Ces types de véhicules embarquent généralement tous au moins une batterie généralement utilisée comme source d’énergie d’appoint dans les véhicules à moteur thermique mais pouvant être utilisée comme source d’énergie principale en particulier dans les véhicules électriques ou hybrides.  These types of vehicles generally all carry at least one battery generally used as an auxiliary energy source in vehicles with an internal combustion engine but which can be used as a main energy source, in particular in electric or hybrid vehicles.
[0003] On recherche de plus en plus à pouvoir augmenter la capacité de stockage de l’énergie pour augmenter l’autonomie des véhicules électriques notamment. Or, la puissance que peut délivrer un tel stockage d’énergie peut être dangereuse en cas de court-circuit pouvant survenir lors d’une mauvaise manipulation ou lors d’un accident par exemple.  We are increasingly looking to be able to increase the energy storage capacity to increase the range of electric vehicles in particular. However, the power that such energy storage can deliver can be dangerous in the event of a short circuit that may occur during improper handling or in an accident, for example.
[0004] Pour ce faire, la présente invention propose un dispositif de sécurité pour couper un circuit électrique principal, ainsi qu’un véhicule automobile comprenant au moins un tel dispositif de sécurité.  To do this, the present invention provides a safety device for cutting a main electrical circuit, as well as a motor vehicle comprising at least one such safety device.
ART ANTÉRIEUR PRIOR ART
[0005] En raison des puissances en jeu dans de tels circuits électriques, des arcs électriques peuvent se former lorsque ces circuits passent notamment d’un état fermé à un état ouvert. Ces arcs électriques peuvent remettre en cause la coupure du circuit, voire son intégrité, dans le cas où ils ne sont pas maîtrisés. De plus, il faut prévoir une bonne rapidité de coupure pour limiter le plus tôt possible les risques de surintensité et/ou surtension. Face à ces contraintes, on peut avoir recours à des coupe-circuits pyrotechniques bien adaptés pour pouvoir couper efficacement ces circuits électriques. Due to the powers involved in such electrical circuits, electric arcs can form when these circuits pass in particular from a closed state to an open state. These electric arcs can call into question the circuit break, or even its integrity, in the event that they are not controlled. In addition, a good cut-off speed must be provided to limit the risks of overcurrent and / or overvoltage as soon as possible. Faced with these constraints, circuit breakers can be used pyrotechnics well suited to effectively cut these electrical circuits.
[0006] Le document WO 2015/117998 décrit un coupe-circuit pyrotechnique, d’un encombrement réduit, qui procure une coupure rapide. Un tel coupe-circuit pyrotechnique comprend un boîtier traversé par un conducteur électrique destiné à être sectionné. Ce sectionnement est obtenu par l’agencement, de part et d’autre du conducteur électrique, d’un poinçon et d’une matrice située en face de ce poinçon. Un courant de commande est généré pour activer un allumeur pyrotechnique. La charge pyrotechnique de cet allumeur va propulser le poinçon dans un mouvement de translation en direction de la matrice. Dans ce mouvement, la combinaison poinçon- matrice va sectionner le conducteur électrique disposé entre ces deux organes.  Document WO 2015/117998 describes a pyrotechnic circuit breaker, of a reduced size, which provides a quick cut-off. Such a pyrotechnic circuit breaker comprises a housing through which an electrical conductor intended to be cut. This sectioning is obtained by the arrangement, on either side of the electrical conductor, of a punch and of a matrix situated opposite this punch. A control current is generated to activate a pyrotechnic igniter. The pyrotechnic charge of this igniter will propel the punch in a translational movement towards the matrix. In this movement, the punch-die combination will cut the electrical conductor disposed between these two members.
[0007] Le document WO 2017/042321 décrit un dispositif de protection comprenant un coupe-circuit pyrotechnique, tel que décrit ci-dessus, monté en série avec un fusible traditionnel dans un circuit de puissance. L’allumeur du coupe-circuit pyrotechnique est commandé par un courant généré automatiquement lorsque le fusible fond. En effet, lorsqu’un court-circuit survient, le fort courant qui traverse le fusible fait fondre ce dernier ce qui génère un arc électrique aux bornes du fusible. Cet arc électrique se traduit par l’apparition d’une importante différence de potentiel entre les bornes du fusible, ce qui engendre un courant dans un circuit secondaire de commande de l’allumeur monté en parallèle avec le fusible. Ce courant permet d’activer l’allumeur qui à son tour active le dispositif de sectionnement du circuit de puissance. Ce dispositif permet d’obtenir une coupure autonome du circuit de puissance car il ne nécessite aucune électronique de commande pour l’allumeur pyrotechnique contrairement au dispositif décrit dans le document précédent WO 2015/1 17998 qui a recours à une unité de commande électronique. Cependant, sans une telle électronique, il ne possède aucun moyen actif permettant de déclencher l’allumeur pyrotechnique. Par conséquent, ce dispositif ne convient pas pour anticiper des situations potentiellement dangereuses car il ne permet que d’ouvrir le circuit de puissance lorsque le danger est déjà présent. Document WO 2017/042321 describes a protection device comprising a pyrotechnic circuit breaker, as described above, connected in series with a traditional fuse in a power circuit. The pyrotechnic circuit breaker igniter is controlled by an automatically generated current when the fuse blows. In fact, when a short circuit occurs, the strong current flowing through the fuse blows the fuse, which generates an electric arc across the fuse. This electric arc results in the appearance of a large potential difference between the terminals of the fuse, which generates a current in a secondary igniter control circuit mounted in parallel with the fuse. This current activates the igniter which in turn activates the power circuit disconnecting device. This device makes it possible to obtain an independent cut-off of the power circuit since it does not require any control electronics for the pyrotechnic igniter unlike the device described in the previous document WO 2015/1 17998 which uses an electronic control unit. However, without such electronics, it has no active means of triggering the pyrotechnic igniter. Consequently, this device is not suitable for anticipating potentially dangerous situations because it only allows the power circuit to be opened when the danger is already present.
[0008] Aussi, l’homme du métier sait que l’interfaçage de toute électronique de commande avec un circuit de forte puissance est difficile. En effet, les hautes tensions sont rarement compatibles avec les tensions pour lesquelles les composants des circuits électroniques sont dimensionnés. [0009] Le document FR 3063570 A1 décrit un dispositif de protection à double commande pour un circuit électrique. Cependant, les solutions proposées dans ce document présentent des modes de réalisation qui demeurent perfectibles. Also, those skilled in the art know that interfacing any control electronics with a high power circuit is difficult. Indeed, high voltages are rarely compatible with the voltages for which the components of electronic circuits are dimensioned. Document FR 3063570 A1 describes a dual control protection device for an electrical circuit. However, the solutions proposed in this document present embodiments which remain perfectible.
[0010] Par conséquent, il existe un intérêt de trouver une nouvelle solution plus adéquate qui permette, au moins en partie, de résoudre les inconvénients précités. A cet effet, l'invention propose tout d'abord un dispositif de sécurité autonome pouvant être aussi piloté. Le caractère autonome de ce dispositif de sécurité vise notamment à pouvoir fonctionner sans apport extérieur d’énergie.  Therefore, there is an interest in finding a new more adequate solution which allows, at least in part, to solve the aforementioned drawbacks. To this end, the invention first of all proposes an autonomous safety device which can also be controlled. The autonomous nature of this safety device aims in particular to be able to operate without external energy supply.
RÉSUMÉ DE L’INVENTION SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION
[0011] Dans ce but, un premier aspect de la présente invention porte sur un dispositif de sécurité agencé pour couper un circuit électrique principal. Ce dispositif de sécurité comprend un élément à déclenchement autonome, tel qu'un fusible, agencé pour faire partie du circuit principal, et une unité coupe-circuit pyrotechnique. Cette unité comprend au moins un conducteur électrique connecté à l’élément à déclenchement autonome et agencé pour faire partie du circuit électrique principal, ainsi qu’un dispositif de sectionnement configuré pour sectionner le conducteur électrique. Le dispositif de sectionnement comprend un premier allumeur, agencé pour actionner le dispositif de sectionnement, connecté électriquement avec l’élément à déclenchement autonome de sorte qu’un actionnement de l’élément à déclenchement autonome puisse engendrer un premier courant de mise à feu du premier allumeur. Ce premier courant de mise à feu étant obtenu lors d'une ouverture du circuit électrique principal par l’élément à déclenchement autonome. L’unité coupe- circuit pyrotechnique comprend en outre au moins un second allumeur agencé pour actionner le dispositif de sectionnement, et agencé pour être connecté électriquement à une unité de contrôle électronique configurée pour engendrer un second courant de mise à feu du second allumeur. Selon l'invention, le premier allumeur et le second allumeur sont supportés par un seul et même composant de l'unité coupe-circuit.  For this purpose, a first aspect of the present invention relates to a safety device arranged to cut a main electrical circuit. This safety device comprises an autonomous tripping element, such as a fuse, arranged to form part of the main circuit, and a pyrotechnic circuit breaker unit. This unit includes at least one electrical conductor connected to the self-triggering element and arranged to be part of the main electrical circuit, as well as a disconnect device configured to sever the electrical conductor. The disconnection device comprises a first igniter, arranged to actuate the disconnection device, electrically connected with the autonomous trigger element so that an actuation of the autonomous trigger element can generate a first firing current of the first igniter. This first firing current being obtained during an opening of the main electrical circuit by the self-triggering element. The pyrotechnic circuit breaker unit further comprises at least one second igniter arranged to actuate the disconnecting device, and arranged to be electrically connected to an electronic control unit configured to generate a second firing current from the second igniter. According to the invention, the first igniter and the second igniter are supported by a single and same component of the circuit breaker unit.
[0012] Avantageusement, l’élément à déclenchement autonome est monté en parallèle du premier allumeur. Advantageously, the autonomous triggering element is mounted in parallel with the first igniter.
[0013] Ce dispositif de sécurité est de préférence un dispositif de véhicule, par exemple de véhicule automobile tel qu’un véhicule à moteur thermique, électrique ou hybride. Le circuit électrique principal pouvant typiquement être un circuit de puissance d’un tel véhicule par exemple. On entend par élément à déclenchement autonome un élément agencé pour ouvrir le circuit électrique principal en cas de surtension et/ou surintensité. Dans ce qui suit, un fusible est dit être " fondu " lorsque l'élément conducteur a été détruit et qu'aucun arc électrique ne peut se former compte tenu des valeurs des tensions électriques présentes dans le circuit électrique 1. Il forme alors un circuit électriquement ouvert au travers duquel aucun courant électrique ne peut circuler. Un fusible est dit être " en train de fondre " lorsque le courant électrique le traversant a dépassé le courant de coupure, entraînant un début de fusion de l'élément conducteur, mais que la tension électrique à ses bornes est supérieure à la tension de coupure de ce fusible, entraînant l'apparition d'un arc électrique entre ses bornes. L'arc électrique perdure tant que le fusible est en train de fondre. This safety device is preferably a vehicle device, for example a motor vehicle such as a vehicle with an internal combustion engine, electric or hybrid. The main electrical circuit can typically be a power circuit of such a vehicle for example. The term “self-triggering element” is understood to mean an element arranged to open the main electrical circuit in the event of an overvoltage and / or overcurrent. In what follows, a fuse is said to be "blown" when the conducting element has been destroyed and that no electric arc can form taking into account the values of the electric voltages present in the electric circuit 1. It then forms a circuit electrically open through which no electric current can flow. A fuse is said to be "blowing" when the electric current passing through it has exceeded the breaking current, causing the conductive element to start blowing, but the electric voltage across its terminals is higher than the breaking voltage. of this fuse, causing the appearance of an electric arc between its terminals. The electric arc continues as long as the fuse is blowing.
[0014] Avantageusement, le dispositif de sécurité de la présente invention permet de sectionner le circuit principal soit lors de l’apparition d’un fort courant dans ce circuit principal, soit par l’intermédiaire d’un signal de commande qui donne un ordre volontaire de sectionner le circuit principal à titre de prévention. Ainsi, ce dispositif de sécurité intègre à la fois un système de déclenchement passif et un système de déclenchement actif. Le système de déclenchement passif étant celui qui se trouve lié au fusible et qui permet d’ouvrir le circuit principal en cas de danger avéré, par exemple lors d’un court-circuit dans le circuit principal. En revanche, le système de déclenchement actif est celui qui peut être commandé par une unité de contrôle, en particulier une unité de contrôle électriquement indépendante ou isolée, en particulier l'unité de contrôle est indépendante du circuit électrique principal, de sorte à être protégée des courants forts qui peuvent parcourir le circuit électrique principal. Ce système de déclenchement actif permet d’ouvrir le circuit principal en cas de danger potentiel, par exemple en prévision d’un accident imminent, à l’image du déploiement d’un airbag dans une situation identique ou similaire. En conclusion, le dispositif procure une protection fiable contre les courants forts avec le premier allumeur que l'on peut qualifier "d'allumeur passif, et reste actionnable si besoin, même en l'absence de courant fort, avec le deuxième allumeur, que l'on peut qualifier "d'allumeur actif. [0015] De plus, le dispositif de sécurité de la présente invention est de conception simple et robuste, notamment grâce à l'architecture de l'unité coupe-circuit qui est avantageusement pourvue d’un seul et même composant pour supporter les premier et second allumeurs. En raison de cette architecture, les forces engendrées par l'explosion des charges pyrotechniques, comprises dans les allumeurs, peuvent être réparties sur l'ensemble de la structure de l'unité coupe-circuit. Cette répartition des contraintes prévient toute déformation locale au voisinage des allumeurs et permet ainsi de garantir une propulsion adéquate du poinçon vers la matrice sans biaiser, voire enrayer, ce dernier dans son mouvement. La fiabilité de l'unité coupe circuit s'en trouve donc avantageusement améliorée. Advantageously, the safety device of the present invention makes it possible to cut off the main circuit either when a strong current appears in this main circuit, or by means of a control signal which gives an order voluntary to cut off the main circuit as prevention. Thus, this safety device integrates both a passive trigger system and an active trigger system. The passive tripping system being that which is linked to the fuse and which allows the main circuit to be opened in the event of proven danger, for example during a short circuit in the main circuit. On the other hand, the active trigger system is one which can be controlled by a control unit, in particular an electrically independent or isolated control unit, in particular the control unit is independent of the main electrical circuit, so as to be protected strong currents that can travel through the main electrical circuit. This active release system allows the main circuit to be opened in the event of potential danger, for example in anticipation of an imminent accident, such as the deployment of an airbag in an identical or similar situation. In conclusion, the device provides reliable protection against strong currents with the first igniter which can be described as "passive igniter, and remains actuable if necessary, even in the absence of strong current, with the second igniter, that one can qualify "active igniter. In addition, the security device of the present invention is of simple and robust design, in particular thanks to the architecture of the circuit breaker unit which is advantageously provided with one and the same component to support the first and second igniter. Because of this architecture, the forces generated by the explosion of pyrotechnic charges, included in the igniters, can be distributed over the entire structure of the circuit breaker unit. This distribution of stresses prevents any local deformation in the vicinity of the igniters and thus makes it possible to guarantee adequate propulsion of the punch towards the matrix without biasing, or even stopping, the latter in its movement. The reliability of the circuit breaker unit is therefore advantageously improved.
[0016] Dans un mode de réalisation, le conducteur électrique connecté à l’élément à déclenchement autonome est de préférence monté en série avec ce dernier. Dans ce mode de réalisation, l’actionnement de l’élément à déclenchement autonome est constitué par la fonte du fusible.  In one embodiment, the electrical conductor connected to the autonomous trigger element is preferably mounted in series with the latter. In this embodiment, the actuation of the autonomous tripping element is constituted by the melting of the fuse.
[0017] Dans un mode de réalisation préféré, le dispositif de sectionnement comprend un organe de sectionnement qui est constitué d’un poinçon et d’une matrice situés de part et d’autre du conducteur électrique. De plus, cet organe de sectionnement est activable par le premier allumeur ou le second allumeur. Ce mode de réalisation permet de concentrer deux allumeurs sur le même organe de sectionnement. En d’autres termes, deux allumeurs sont agencés pour pouvoir actionner un seul et même poinçon. Cette configuration permet d’obtenir un dispositif polyvalent très compact et moins onéreux que si chaque allumeur possède son propre organe de sectionnement. In a preferred embodiment, the cutting device comprises a cutting member which consists of a punch and a matrix located on either side of the electrical conductor. In addition, this sectioning member can be activated by the first igniter or the second igniter. This embodiment makes it possible to concentrate two igniters on the same sectioning member. In other words, two igniters are arranged to be able to actuate a single punch. This configuration makes it possible to obtain a versatile device which is very compact and less expensive than if each igniter has its own sectioning member.
[0018] Dans un autre mode de réalisation, le dispositif de sectionnement comprend deux organes de sectionnement. Dans ce cas, le dispositif de sectionnement comprend un premier organe de sectionnement et un second organe de sectionnement, chacun constitués d’au moins un poinçon et d’au moins une matrice respectivement situés de part et d’autre du conducteur électrique. De plus, le premier organe de sectionnement est activable par le premier allumeur et le second organe de sectionnement est activable par le second allumeur. De préférence, les deux organes de sectionnement sont configurés pour sectionner le même conducteur électrique. Ce conducteur électrique est un élément distinct du circuit électrique principal qui est rapporté sur celui-ci, à savoir inséré dans le circuit électrique principal. [0019] Dans une autre forme de réalisation, la mise à feu d’un des deux allumeurs permet d’engendrer la mise à feu du second allumeur. Un tel dispositif de sécurité présente l’avantage d’être d’une grande fiabilité car il permettrait de pallier le disfonctionnement d’un allumeur en recourant à l’autre quel que soit la cause qui génère ce déclenchement. In another embodiment, the sectioning device comprises two sectioning members. In this case, the sectioning device comprises a first sectioning member and a second sectioning member, each consisting of at least one punch and at least one matrix respectively located on either side of the electrical conductor. In addition, the first sectioning member can be activated by the first igniter and the second sectioning member can be activated by the second igniter. Preferably, the two sectioning members are configured to section the same electrical conductor. This electrical conductor is a separate element from the main electrical circuit which is attached to it, namely inserted into the main electrical circuit. In another embodiment, the firing of one of the two igniters makes it possible to generate the firing of the second igniter. Such a safety device has the advantage of being very reliable because it would make it possible to compensate for the malfunction of one igniter by resorting to the other whatever the cause which generates this triggering.
[0020] Selon un autre mode de réalisation, l’unité coupe-circuit pyrotechnique comprend un premier dispositif de sectionnement formant un premier coupe-circuit pyrotechnique monté en série avec second dispositif de sectionnement formant un second coupe-circuit pyrotechnique et où le premier coupe-circuit pyrotechnique comprend le premier allumeur et le second coupe-circuit pyrotechnique comprend le second allumeur. De préférence, les premier et second coupe-circuits pyrotechniques sont identiques, ce qui permet avantageusement de réduire les coûts de fabrication et facilite la maintenance, notamment en cas de remplacement d’un de ces coupe- circuits.  According to another embodiment, the pyrotechnic circuit breaker unit comprises a first sectioning device forming a first pyrotechnic circuit breaker mounted in series with a second sectioning device forming a second pyrotechnic circuit breaker and where the first cut -pyrotechnic circuit comprises the first igniter and the second pyrotechnic circuit breaker comprises the second igniter. Preferably, the first and second pyrotechnic circuit breakers are identical, which advantageously makes it possible to reduce manufacturing costs and facilitates maintenance, in particular in the event of replacement of one of these circuit breakers.
[0021] De préférence encore, le dispositif de l’invention est configuré pour être embarqué dans un véhicule automobile et l’unité de contrôle électronique est configurée pour activer le déclenchement du second allumeur lors d’un évènement tel qu’une décélération brutale de ce véhicule automobile. Avantageusement, ce mode de réalisation permet notamment de prévenir tout danger, au niveau du circuit principal, pouvant survenir typiquement lors d’un accident ou d’un crash du véhicule. Ce mode de réalisation est donc avantageusement configuré pour pouvoir acquérir une fonction d’anticipation d’un danger et réagir en conséquence à titre au moins préventif pour la sécurité des objets, tels que batteries ou équipements du véhicule, et des personnes, tels qu’usagers du véhicule ou personnes pouvant intervenir sur ce véhicule depuis l’extérieur de ce dernier.  More preferably, the device of the invention is configured to be installed in a motor vehicle and the electronic control unit is configured to activate the triggering of the second igniter during an event such as a sudden deceleration of this motor vehicle. Advantageously, this embodiment makes it possible in particular to prevent any danger, at the level of the main circuit, which may typically arise during an accident or a vehicle crash. This embodiment is therefore advantageously configured in order to be able to acquire a function of anticipating a danger and reacting accordingly, at least as a preventive measure for the safety of objects, such as batteries or vehicle equipment, and people, such as vehicle users or persons who can work on this vehicle from outside the vehicle.
[0022] Dans un mode de réalisation, l’unité de contrôle électronique est en outre configurée pour activer le déclenchement du second allumeur par détection d’un courant de défaut. Cette variante peut s’avérer utile dans le cas où l’unité de contrôle électronique est capable de gérer un organe électrique de stockage d’énergie comme une ou plusieurs batteries dans le but de pouvoir également protégé cet organe électrique de stockage d’énergie contre des courts-circuits.  In one embodiment, the electronic control unit is further configured to activate the triggering of the second igniter by detecting a fault current. This variant may prove useful in the case where the electronic control unit is capable of managing an electrical energy storage member such as one or more batteries in order to be able to also protect this electrical energy storage member against short circuits.
[0023] De préférence, le dispositif de sécurité comprend en outre une résistance électrique connectée électriquement en série avec le premier allumeur. [0024] Enfin, dans un dernier aspect, l’invention porte également sur un véhicule automobile comprenant au moins un dispositif de sécurité selon l’un quelconque des modes de réalisation précédents. Preferably, the security device further comprises an electrical resistance electrically connected in series with the first igniter. Finally, in a last aspect, the invention also relates to a motor vehicle comprising at least one safety device according to any one of the preceding embodiments.
[0025] Bien que ce dispositif de sécurité soit de préférence un dispositif de sécurité pour un véhicule, il pourrait également servir dans d’autres domaines, par exemple dans le domaine de la construction immobilière, comme dispositif de sécurité électrique de bâtiment, ou dans le domaine des énergies renouvelables, comme dispositif de sécurité pour des circuits intégrants des panneaux photovoltaïques ou des éoliennes par exemple.  Although this safety device is preferably a safety device for a vehicle, it could also be used in other fields, for example in the field of building construction, as an electrical building safety device, or in the field of renewable energies, as a safety device for circuits integrating photovoltaic panels or wind turbines for example.
BRÈVE DESCRIPTION DES FIGURES BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE FIGURES
[0026] D’autres caractéristiques et avantages de la présente invention apparaîtront plus clairement à la lecture de la description détaillée qui va suivre et qui présente différents modes de réalisation de l’invention donnés à titre d’exemples nullement limitatifs et illustrés par les figures annexées dans lesquelles :  Other features and advantages of the present invention will appear more clearly on reading the detailed description which follows and which presents different embodiments of the invention given by way of non-limiting examples and illustrated by the figures annexed in which:
[0027] - la figure 1 représente de façon schématique un coupe-circuit pyrotechnique ;  - Figure 1 schematically shows a pyrotechnic circuit breaker;
[0028] - la figure 2 représente de façon schématique le dispositif de sécurité de l’invention dans une première forme de réalisation ;  - Figure 2 schematically shows the safety device of the invention in a first embodiment;
[0029] - la figure 3a représente une variante du coupe-circuit pyrotechnique de la figure 1 ;  - Figure 3a shows a variant of the pyrotechnic circuit breaker of Figure 1;
[0030] - la figure 3b donne une représentation plus détaillée de l'illustration de la figure 3a conformément à une vue en coupe verticale ;  - Figure 3b gives a more detailed representation of the illustration of Figure 3a in accordance with a vertical sectional view;
[0031] - la figure 4a représente de façon schématique le dispositif de sécurité de l’invention dans une seconde forme de réalisation ;  - Figure 4a shows schematically the security device of the invention in a second embodiment;
[0032] - la figure 4b est une illustration similaire à celle de la figure 3b appliquée à la seconde forme de réalisation représentée à la figure 4a.  - Figure 4b is an illustration similar to that of Figure 3b applied to the second embodiment shown in Figure 4a.
DESCRIPTION DÉTAILLÉE DETAILED DESCRIPTION
[0033] En référence à la figure 1 , celle-ci illustre un coupe-circuit pyrotechnique 10 communément utilisé dans l’art antérieur. Ce coupe-circuit pyrotechnique 10 est traversé par un conducteur électrique 5 d’un circuit électrique principal 1 , typiquement d’un circuit de puissance qu’il faut protéger ou duquel des personnes doivent être protégées en cas de dysfonctionnement. Les deux extrémités du conducteur électrique 5 constituent typiquement des bornes de raccordement au circuit électrique principal 1. Le conducteur électrique 5 est généralement constitué d’un méplat de cuivre destiné à être sectionné. Pour ce faire, le coupe-circuit pyrotechnique 10 comprend essentiellement un organe de sectionnement 13 formé principalement d’un poinçon 14 et d’une matrice 15. Cette matrice 15 est disposée en face du poinçon 14 et en correspondance avec ce dernier. Tel qu’illustré dans la figure 1 , le conducteur électrique 5 est intact et est agencé entre le poinçon 14 et la matrice 15 correspondante. Lorsque le coupe-circuit pyrotechnique 10 est actionné, par exemple en cas de court-circuit dans le circuit électrique principal 1 , le poinçon 14 est propulsé dans un mouvement de translation contre la matrice 15. Dans ce mouvement, le conducteur électrique 5 est sectionné lorsque le poinçon 14 vient percuter la matrice 15. L’ensemble formé du poinçon 14 et de la matrice 15 constitue l’organe de sectionnement 13 entouré par le trait interrompu de forme ovale sur cette figure 1. Referring to Figure 1, this illustrates a pyrotechnic circuit breaker 10 commonly used in the prior art. This pyrotechnic circuit breaker 10 is crossed by an electrical conductor 5 of a main electrical circuit 1, typically a power circuit that must be protected or from which people must be protected in the event of a malfunction. The two ends of the electrical conductor 5 typically constitute terminals for connection to the main electrical circuit 1. The electrical conductor 5 generally consists of a copper flat intended to be cut. To do this, the pyrotechnic circuit breaker 10 essentially comprises a sectioning member 13 formed mainly by a punch 14 and a die 15. This die 15 is arranged opposite the punch 14 and in correspondence with the latter. As illustrated in FIG. 1, the electrical conductor 5 is intact and is arranged between the punch 14 and the corresponding matrix 15. When the pyrotechnic circuit breaker 10 is actuated, for example in the event of a short circuit in the main electrical circuit 1, the punch 14 is propelled in a translational movement against the matrix 15. In this movement, the electrical conductor 5 is cut when the punch 14 strikes the matrix 15. The assembly formed by the punch 14 and the matrix 15 constitutes the sectioning member 13 surrounded by the broken line of oval shape in this FIG. 1.
[0034] L’activation du coupe-circuit pyrotechnique 1 est obtenue par un allumeur 12 pyrotechnique qui peut être relié électriquement à un circuit électrique secondaire pour sa mise à feu. La mise à feu de l’allumeur 12 pyrotechnique, au moyen d’un courant de déclenchement circulant dans le circuit électrique secondaire, va permettre de mettre à feu la charge pyrotechnique comprise dans l’allumeur. Cette explosion aura pour effet de propulser le poinçon 14 vers la matrice 15 et de sectionner au passage le conducteur électrique 5. The activation of the pyrotechnic circuit breaker 1 is obtained by a pyrotechnic igniter 12 which can be electrically connected to a secondary electrical circuit for its ignition. The ignition of the pyrotechnic igniter 12, by means of a trigger current flowing in the secondary electrical circuit, will make it possible to ignite the pyrotechnic charge included in the igniter. This explosion will have the effect of propelling the punch 14 towards the matrix 15 and of cutting the electric conductor 5 in passing.
[0035] En référence à la figure 2, celle-ci représente de façon schématique le dispositif de sécurité de l’invention dans une première forme de réalisation. Ce dispositif est agencé pour couper le circuit électrique principal 1 , en particulier le conducteur électrique 5 de ce circuit électrique principal. Ce dispositif de sécurité est de préférence un dispositif de sécurité de véhicule, en particulier d’un véhicule automobile, par exemple un véhicule thermique ou électrique.  Referring to Figure 2, it schematically shows the safety device of the invention in a first embodiment. This device is arranged to cut the main electrical circuit 1, in particular the electrical conductor 5 of this main electrical circuit. This safety device is preferably a vehicle safety device, in particular of a motor vehicle, for example a thermal or electric vehicle.
[0036] Le dispositif de sécurité de l’invention comprend tout d’abord un élément à déclenchement autonome 20. Comme illustré dans les figures 2 et 5 annexées, cet élément à déclenchement autonome 20 pourrait être un fusible, aussi communément appelé coupe-circuit à fusible. Dans ce mode de réalisation, le fusible comprend essentiellement, entre ses deux bornes 21a, 21 b, un fil conducteur destiné à fondre pour ouvrir le circuit électrique principal 1 lorsque le courant électrique dans ce circuit principal 1 atteint une valeur d’intensité supérieur au seuil maximum que le fusible 20 est capable de supporter durant un certain intervalle de temps. Dans un autre mode de réalisation, cet élément à déclenchement autonome 20 pourrait être un interrupteur magnétique et le circuit électrique principal 1 pourrait être agencé de sorte que lorsque le circuit électrique principal est parcouru par un courant supérieur à une valeur prédéterminée, il engendre un champ magnétique de déclenchement de cet interrupteur magnétique. Pour ce faire, plusieurs modes de réalisation pourraient être envisagés. Dans un premier exemple, on pourrait imaginer un ensemble ou dispositif constitué d’une bobine, de type électro-aimant par exemple, d’un interrupteur à lame magnétique, autrement connu sous l'appellation « interrupteur reed », et d’une source d’énergie. Dans ce cas, la bobine serait destinée à pouvoir générer un champ magnétique qui permettrait de fermer l’interrupteur reed (en raison de la sensibilité de cet interrupteur au champ magnétique) et d’engendrer un premier courant électrique de mise à feu d’un premier allumeur, comme décrit plus en détail par la suite. Dans un second exemple, on pourrait imaginer une bobine montée dans le circuit électrique principal 1 et configurée pour pouvoir générer un champ magnétique suffisant pour fermer un interrupteur magnétique lorsque le circuit électrique principal 1 est traversé par un courant électrique d’intensité trop élevée. La fermeture de l’interrupteur magnétique, monté en parallèle avec la bobine, pourrait alors laisser le libre passage à un courant électrique de mise à feu du premier allumeur. The safety device of the invention firstly comprises an autonomous trigger element 20. As illustrated in Figures 2 and 5 attached, this autonomous trigger element 20 could be a fuse, also commonly called circuit breaker with fuse. In this embodiment, the fuse essentially comprises, between its two terminals 21a, 21b, a conductive wire intended to melt to open the main electric circuit 1 when the electric current in this main circuit 1 reaches a value of intensity greater than the maximum threshold that the fuse 20 is able to withstand during a certain time interval. In another embodiment, this autonomous trigger element 20 could be a magnetic switch and the main electric circuit 1 could be arranged so that when the main electric circuit is traversed by a current greater than a predetermined value, it generates a field magnetic release of this magnetic switch. To do this, several embodiments could be envisaged. In a first example, one could imagine an assembly or device consisting of a coil, of the electromagnet type for example, of a magnetic strip switch, otherwise known by the name "reed switch", and of a source of energy. In this case, the coil would be intended to be able to generate a magnetic field which would make it possible to close the reed switch (due to the sensitivity of this switch to the magnetic field) and to generate a first electric firing current of a first igniter, as described in more detail below. In a second example, one could imagine a coil mounted in the main electric circuit 1 and configured to be able to generate a magnetic field sufficient to close a magnetic switch when the main electric circuit 1 is crossed by an electric current of too high intensity. Closing the magnetic switch, mounted in parallel with the coil, could then allow free passage to an electric firing current from the first igniter.
[0037] Le dispositif de sécurité de la figure 2 comprend également une unité coupe-circuit pyrotechnique 40 disposée en série avec l’élément à déclenchement autonome 20 dans le circuit électrique principal 1 . Cette unité coupe-circuit pyrotechnique 40 comprend au moins un conducteur électrique 5, connecté à l’élément à déclenchement autonome 20, et un dispositif de sectionnement 30. Le conducteur électrique 5 est de préférence monté en série avec l’élément à déclenchement autonome 20. Le dispositif de sectionnement 30 est configuré pour sectionner le conducteur électrique 5 et, pour ce faire, comprend un premier allumeur 31 agencé pour actionner le dispositif de sectionnement 30, en particulier pour actionner au moins un piston 14 comparable à l’organe de sectionnement 13 illustré en exemple à la figure 1 . [0038] Par ailleurs et dans le cas où l’élément à déclenchement autonome (20) est un fusible, le premier allumeur (31 ) est connecté électriquement en parallèle avec le fusible 20, via un circuit électrique secondaire 2, pour pouvoir engendrer un premier courant électrique In de mise à feu du premier allumeur 31 par ouverture du circuit électrique principal 1 par l’élément à déclenchement autonome 20. En effet, lorsque le circuit principal 1 est traversé par un courant I de trop forte intensité pour l’élément à déclenchement autonome 20, ce dernier va fondre ou partiellement fondre sous l’effet de ce trop fort courant. En raison des puissances en jeu dans le circuit principal 1 , un arc électrique va alors se former entre les bornes 21a et 21 b de l’élément à déclenchement autonome 20 (ici sous forme de fusible). L’apparition d’un tel arc électrique va également générer une tension aux bornes de l’élément à déclenchement autonome 20. Cette tension, associée à la résistivité électrique du circuit électrique secondaire 2, va générer le premier courant électrique h de mise à feu du premier allumeur 31. The safety device of Figure 2 also includes a pyrotechnic circuit breaker unit 40 arranged in series with the self-triggering element 20 in the main electrical circuit 1. This pyrotechnic circuit breaker unit 40 comprises at least one electrical conductor 5, connected to the autonomous trigger element 20, and a disconnecting device 30. The electrical conductor 5 is preferably mounted in series with the autonomous trigger element 20 The disconnection device 30 is configured to cut the electrical conductor 5 and, to do this, comprises a first igniter 31 arranged to actuate the disconnection device 30, in particular to actuate at least one piston 14 comparable to the disconnection member 13 illustrated as an example in FIG. 1. Furthermore and in the case where the autonomous tripping element (20) is a fuse, the first igniter (31) is electrically connected in parallel with the fuse 20, via a secondary electrical circuit 2, in order to be able to generate a first electric current In firing of the first igniter 31 by opening of the main electric circuit 1 by the element with autonomous trigger 20. In fact, when the main circuit 1 is crossed by a current I of too high intensity for the element with autonomous triggering 20, the latter will melt or partially melt under the effect of this too strong current. Due to the powers at play in the main circuit 1, an electric arc will then form between the terminals 21a and 21b of the autonomous tripping element 20 (here in the form of a fuse). The appearance of such an electric arc will also generate a voltage across the terminals of the autonomous trigger element 20. This voltage, associated with the electrical resistivity of the secondary electrical circuit 2, will generate the first electric firing current h of the first igniter 31.
[0039] Dans le cas où l’élément à déclenchement autonome (20) est constitué d’un dispositif comprenant au moins une bobine et un interrupteur reed, le fonctionnement d’un tel dispositif pourrait être le suivant : en disposant la bobine entre les bornes 21a et 21 b (c’est-à-dire à la place du fusible précédemment décrit), cette dernière va engendrer un champ magnétique lorsqu’elle est traversée par le courant In the case where the autonomous trigger element (20) consists of a device comprising at least one coil and a reed switch, the operation of such a device could be as follows: by placing the coil between the terminals 21a and 21b (that is to say in place of the fuse previously described), the latter will generate a magnetic field when it is crossed by the current
1. Si ce courant I est de forte intensité, typiquement lors d’un disfonctionnement dans le circuit principal 1 , le champ magnétique pourra être suffisamment intense pour actionner l’interrupteur reed agencé à proximité dans le circuit électrique secondaire1. If this current I is of high intensity, typically during a malfunction in the main circuit 1, the magnetic field may be strong enough to actuate the reed switch arranged nearby in the secondary electrical circuit
2. Il est à noter que dans ce cas de figure, le circuit électrique secondaire serait électriquement indépendant ou isolé du circuit principale 1 et comprendrait en outre une source d’énergie suffisante pour engendrer un premier courant électrique lu de mise à feu du premier allumeur 31 par actionnement de l’interrupteur reed prévu pour fermer le circuit électrique secondaire 2. Ainsi, l’interrupteur reed serait ouvert en position de repos et fermé en position actionnée. A noter que si l’on considère que l’élément à déclenchement autonome 20 est formé d’un dispositif constitué d’au moins une bobine, d’un interrupteur reed et d’une source d’énergie, il n’en demeure pas moins que cet élément à déclenchement autonome 20, en particulier la bobine de cet élément, doit aussi être monté en série avec le conducteur électrique 5. [0040] Selon l’invention et comme illustré sur la figure 2, l’unité coupe-circuit pyrotechnique comprend en outre au moins un second allumeur 32 agencé pour actionner le dispositif de sectionnement, en particulier pour actionner au moins un piston 14 comparable à celui de l’organe de sectionnement 13 illustré en exemple à la figure 1 . De plus, ce second allumeur 32 est également agencé pour pouvoir être connecté électriquement à une unité de contrôle électronique 50. Comme cette unité de contrôle électronique 50 ne fait pas nécessairement partie du dispositif de sécurité de l’invention, elle a été représentée en trait mixte sur les figures 2 et 5. 2. It should be noted that in this case, the secondary electric circuit would be electrically independent or isolated from the main circuit 1 and would also include a source of energy sufficient to generate a first electric current read to ignite the first igniter 31 by actuation of the reed switch provided for closing the secondary electrical circuit 2. Thus, the reed switch would be open in the rest position and closed in the actuated position. Note that if we consider that the autonomous trigger element 20 is formed of a device consisting of at least one coil, a reed switch and a power source, it does not remain unless this autonomous trigger element 20, in particular the coil of this element, must also be mounted in series with the electrical conductor 5. According to the invention and as illustrated in Figure 2, the pyrotechnic circuit breaker unit further comprises at least a second igniter 32 arranged to actuate the cutting device, in particular to actuate at least one piston 14 comparable to that of the sectioning member 13 illustrated as an example in FIG. 1. In addition, this second igniter 32 is also arranged to be able to be electrically connected to an electronic control unit 50. As this electronic control unit 50 is not necessarily part of the security device of the invention, it has been shown in lines mixed in Figures 2 and 5.
[0041 ] Ainsi, selon l’invention, l’unité coupe-circuit pyrotechnique 40 comprend au moins deux allumeurs 31 , 32, dont au moins l’un est connecté électriquement avec l’élément à déclenchement autonome 20, via un circuit secondaire 2, et l’autre est agencé pour pouvoir être connecté à au moins une unité de contrôle électronique 50. La connexion du premier allumeur 31 aux bornes 21 a, 21 b de l’élément à déclenchement autonome 20 peut être aisément réalisée par exemple au moyen de bornes 41 a, 41 b de l’unité coupe-circuit pyrotechnique 40. On remarquera que, par une telle connexion, le premier allumeur 31 peut être relié au circuit électrique principal 1 , via le circuit électrique secondaire 2, lorsque l’élément à déclenchement autonome 20 est constitué d’un fusible. En revanche, l’unité de contrôle électronique 50, en particulier la connexion à cette unité via les bornes 42a, 42b de l’unité coupe-circuit pyrotechnique 40 (plus précisément du second allumeur 32 de cette unité), est dans tous les cas isolée du circuit de puissance, à savoir du circuit électrique principal 1 . Les circuits et composants électroniques d’une telle unité de contrôle 50 sont en effet très sensibles aux variations et/ou fortes tensions électriques auxquels ils pourraient être soumis. Le fait que la connexion du second allumeur 32 soit indépendante du circuit électrique principal 1 permet donc d’assurer la protection de l’unité de contrôle électronique 50 contre les effets indésirables générés par le circuit électrique principal 1.  Thus, according to the invention, the pyrotechnic circuit breaker unit 40 comprises at least two igniters 31, 32, at least one of which is electrically connected with the autonomous trigger element 20, via a secondary circuit 2 , and the other is designed to be able to be connected to at least one electronic control unit 50. The connection of the first igniter 31 to the terminals 21 a, 21 b of the autonomous trigger element 20 can be easily carried out for example by means of terminals 41 a, 41 b of the pyrotechnic circuit breaker unit 40. It will be noted that, by such a connection, the first igniter 31 can be connected to the main electrical circuit 1, via the secondary electrical circuit 2, when the element with independent trigger 20 consists of a fuse. On the other hand, the electronic control unit 50, in particular the connection to this unit via the terminals 42a, 42b of the pyrotechnic circuit breaker unit 40 (more precisely of the second igniter 32 of this unit), is in all cases isolated from the power circuit, i.e. from the main electrical circuit 1. The circuits and electronic components of such a control unit 50 are in fact very sensitive to variations and / or high electrical voltages to which they could be subjected. The fact that the connection of the second igniter 32 is independent of the main electrical circuit 1 therefore makes it possible to ensure the protection of the electronic control unit 50 against the undesirable effects generated by the main electrical circuit 1.
[0042] Grâce à cette conception, le dispositif de sécurité de la présente invention peut avantageusement comprendre un circuit électrique passif, matérialisé par le circuit secondaire 2 et les bornes 41 a, 41 b, et être connecté à un circuit électrique actif, par l’intermédiaire des bornes 42a, 42b qui sont destinées à relier électriquement le second allumeur 32 à une unité de contrôle électronique 50. [0043] Le circuit électrique secondaire 2 est qualifié de passif en raison du fait que le premier courant électrique lfi de mise à feu du premier allumeur 31 dépend de l’état de l’élément à déclenchement autonome. Par conséquent, le premier courant électrique In ne peut pas être généré sur demande, par exemple par un organe de commande tel que l’organe de contrôle électronique 50. Ce circuit électrique passif sera donc activé par la fonte du fusible ou par la fermeture de l’interrupteur reed, typiquement lors d’un court-circuit ou d’un courant de défaut dans le circuit principal 1 . Dans le cadre d’un agencement du dispositif de sécurité de l’invention dans un véhicule automobile par exemple, un tel court-circuit pouvant typiquement survenir lors d’une mauvaise manipulation/connexion ou lors d’un accident au travers duquel un choc provoquerait un dysfonctionnement dans le circuit électrique principal. Thanks to this design, the safety device of the present invention can advantageously comprise a passive electrical circuit, materialized by the secondary circuit 2 and the terminals 41 a, 41 b, and be connected to an active electrical circuit, by the 'via terminals 42a, 42b which are intended to electrically connect the second igniter 32 to an electronic control unit 50. The secondary electrical circuit 2 is qualified as passive due to the fact that the first electric current firing firing of the first igniter 31 depends on the state of the element with independent triggering. Consequently, the first electric current In cannot be generated on request, for example by a control member such as the electronic control member 50. This passive electric circuit will therefore be activated by the melting of the fuse or by the closing of the reed switch, typically during a short circuit or a fault current in the main circuit 1. In the context of an arrangement of the safety device of the invention in a motor vehicle for example, such a short circuit can typically occur during improper handling / connection or during an accident through which a shock would cause a malfunction in the main electrical circuit.
[0044] Le circuit destiné à être connecté aux bornes 42a, 42b du second allumeur 32 est qualifié d’actif car le second courant électrique l¾ de commande de mise à feu du second allumeur 32 peut être généré sur demande au moyen de l’organe de contrôle électronique 50. Par conséquent, ce circuit dit actif conviendra particulièrement aux situations dans lesquelles il convient d’ouvrir le circuit électrique principal 1 , à titre préventif, pour protéger les équipements du circuit de puissance et les personnes pouvant être en contact avec ce circuit. Typiquement, une telle situation se présente avant un impact du véhicule, à l’image des airbags qui se déploient pour prévenir des blessures aux occupants d’un véhicule avant un choc imminent. Cela peut aussi se produire lors du diagnostic d’un disfonctionnement dans le circuit électrique, détectable par exemple par un dispositif de mesure de courant.  The circuit intended to be connected to terminals 42a, 42b of the second igniter 32 is qualified as active because the second electric current l¾ of the firing control of the second igniter 32 can be generated on request by means of the member. electronic control 50. Consequently, this so-called active circuit will be particularly suitable for situations in which it is advisable to open the main electric circuit 1, as a precaution, to protect the equipment of the power circuit and the persons who may be in contact with it. circuit. Typically, such a situation arises before an impact from the vehicle, like airbags which deploy to prevent injuries to the occupants of a vehicle before an imminent impact. This can also occur during the diagnosis of a malfunction in the electrical circuit, detectable for example by a current measurement device.
[0045] De préférence, l’unité de contrôle électronique 50 est configurée pour pouvoir mettre à feu le second allumeur 32 et actionner le dispositif de sectionnement 30 indépendamment du premier allumeur 31 .  Preferably, the electronic control unit 50 is configured to be able to ignite the second igniter 32 and actuate the disconnect device 30 independently of the first igniter 31.
[0046] Selon un mode de réalisation, le dispositif de sectionnement 30 comprend un organe de sectionnement 13 tel que celui de la figure 1 qui est constitué d’un poinçon 14 et d’une matrice 15 situés de part et d’autre du conducteur électrique 5. Dans ce mode de réalisation, cet organe de sectionnement 13 a en outre la particularité d’être activable par le premier allumeur 31 ou par le second allumeur 32.  According to one embodiment, the cutting device 30 comprises a cutting member 13 such as that of Figure 1 which consists of a punch 14 and a matrix 15 located on either side of the conductor electric 5. In this embodiment, this sectioning member 13 also has the particularity of being activatable by the first igniter 31 or by the second igniter 32.
[0047] En référence à la figure 3a, celle-ci illustre en exemple une première variante 10’ du coupe-circuit pyrotechnique 10 de la figure 1 pouvant convenir à plusieurs modes de réalisation de la présente invention. Comme illustré dans cette figure 3a, deux allumeurs 12a, 12b sont agencés pour pouvoir actionner le même piston 14. Ces allumeurs pourraient être typiquement le premier allumeur 31 et le second allumeur 32 de l’un quelconque des modes de réalisation de l’invention. De préférence, ces allumeurs 12a, 12b sont activés de manière indépendante l’un de l’autre. Referring to Figure 3a, it illustrates an example of a first variant 10 'of the pyrotechnic circuit breaker 10 of Figure 1 may be suitable for several embodiments of the present invention. As illustrated in this Figure 3a, two igniters 12a, 12b are arranged to be able to actuate the same piston 14. These igniters could typically be the first igniter 31 and the second igniter 32 of any of the embodiments of the invention. Preferably, these igniters 12a, 12b are activated independently of one another.
[0048] La figure 3b donne, dans une vue en coupe verticale, une représentation plus détaillée et plus réaliste du mode de réalisation illustré à la figure 3a. Les hachures représentées sur la coupe de la figure 3b permettent de mieux montrer que les premier et second allumeurs 12a, 12b sont supportés par un seul et même composant 43 du coupe-circuit pyrotechnique 10 ou de l'unité qui constitue ce coupe-circuit. Le composant 43 constitue de préférence une ossature monolithique sur laquelle repose les allumeurs 12a, 12b et, préférentiellement encore, l'ensemble des éléments constitutifs du coupe-circuit pyrotechnique 10'. Grâce à cette architecture, les contraintes mécaniques engendrées par les explosions des charges pyrotechniques contenues dans les allumeurs peuvent être réparties et absorbées par l'ensemble de l'ossature que forme le composant 43. Cette configuration contribue à prévenir l'apparition, en particulier au niveau du support des allumeurs, de déformations qui pourraient notamment biaiser voire enrayer le mouvement du poinçon 14 lorsque ce dernier est projeté en direction de la matrice 15 dans laquelle il est destiné à venir s'emboîter pour sectionner le conducteur 5.  Figure 3b gives, in a vertical sectional view, a more detailed and more realistic representation of the embodiment illustrated in Figure 3a. The hatching shown in the section of FIG. 3b makes it possible to better show that the first and second igniters 12a, 12b are supported by a single and same component 43 of the pyrotechnic circuit breaker 10 or of the unit which constitutes this circuit breaker. The component 43 preferably constitutes a monolithic framework on which the igniters 12a, 12b rest and, more preferably still, all of the components of the pyrotechnic circuit breaker 10 '. Thanks to this architecture, the mechanical stresses generated by the explosions of the pyrotechnic charges contained in the igniters can be distributed and absorbed by the entire framework formed by the component 43. This configuration contributes to preventing the appearance, in particular at level of the igniter support, deformations which could in particular bias or even halt the movement of the punch 14 when the latter is projected in the direction of the matrix 15 in which it is intended to fit to cut the conductor 5.
[0049] Dans un mode de réalisation tel que celui illustré en exemple à la Figure 4a, le dispositif de sectionnement 30 comprend un premier organe de sectionnement 13a et un second organe de sectionnement 13b, chacun constitués d’au moins un poinçon 14 et d’au moins une matrice 15 respectivement situés de part et d’autre du conducteur électrique 5. Dans ce cas, le premier organe de sectionnement 13a est destiné à pouvoir être activé par le premier allumeur 31 et le second organe de sectionnement 13b est destiné à pouvoir être activé par le second allumeur 32. De plus, le conducteur électrique 5 est un élément qui est commun aux deux organes de sectionnement 13a, 13b.  In an embodiment such as that illustrated in example in Figure 4a, the cutting device 30 comprises a first cutting member 13a and a second cutting member 13b, each consisting of at least one punch 14 and d 'at least one matrix 15 respectively located on either side of the electrical conductor 5. In this case, the first sectioning member 13a is intended to be able to be activated by the first igniter 31 and the second sectioning member 13b is intended to be be able to be activated by the second igniter 32. In addition, the electrical conductor 5 is an element which is common to the two sectioning members 13a, 13b.
[0050] Comme illustré à la figure 4a, l’unité coupe-circuit pyrotechnique 40 pourrait comprendre un premier coupe-circuit pyrotechnique 10a monté en série avec un second coupe-circuit pyrotechnique 10b, dans laquelle le premier coupe-circuit pyrotechnique 10a comprend le premier allumeur 31 et le second coupe-circuit pyrotechnique 10b comprend le second allumeur 32. Les premier et second coupe- circuits pyrotechniques 10a, 10b peuvent être différents ou identiques. En particulier, au moins l’un d’entre eux peut être identique ou comparable au coupe-circuit pyrotechnique 10 illustré à la figure 1 . As illustrated in FIG. 4a, the pyrotechnic circuit breaker unit 40 could comprise a first pyrotechnic circuit breaker 10a mounted in series with a second pyrotechnic circuit breaker 10b, in which the first pyrotechnic circuit breaker 10a comprises the first igniter 31 and the second circuit breaker Pyrotechnic 10b includes the second igniter 32. The first and second pyrotechnic circuit breakers 10a, 10b may be different or identical. In particular, at least one of them may be identical or comparable to the pyrotechnic circuit breaker 10 illustrated in FIG. 1.
[0051] La figure 4b est une représentation plus détaillée et en coupe verticale de l'illustration de la figure 4a. Les hachures représentées dans la coupe verticale de cette figure 4b montrent que les premier et second allumeurs 31 , 32 sont maintenus par le même support qui est constitué par le composant 43 de l'unité coupe-circuit 40. On peut notamment remarquer sur cette figure que le composant 43 ne se limite donc pas au premier ou au second coupe-circuit pyrotechnique 10a, 10b, mais englobe avantageusement ces deux coupe-circuits de façon à former une structure de base commune au sein de l'unité coupe-circuit pyrotechnique 40. L'effet technique apporté par le composant 43 de cette unité est le même que celui évoqué en référence à la figure 3b. La fiabilité du dispositif de sécurité s'en trouve donc améliorée. En outre, on mentionnera que l'obtention d'un unique composant 43 pour supporter les deux allumeurs 31 , 32 permet de simplifier la fabrication et l'assemblage du dispositif de sécurité, en particulier lorsque ce dernier est constitué de deux coupe-circuits pyrotechniques 10a, 10b, comme illustré sur la figure 4b.  Figure 4b is a more detailed representation in vertical section of the illustration of Figure 4a. The hatches shown in the vertical section of this figure 4b show that the first and second igniters 31, 32 are held by the same support which is constituted by the component 43 of the circuit breaker unit 40. One can in particular note in this figure that the component 43 is therefore not limited to the first or second pyrotechnic circuit breaker 10a, 10b, but advantageously includes these two circuit breakers so as to form a common basic structure within the pyrotechnic circuit breaker unit 40 The technical effect provided by component 43 of this unit is the same as that mentioned with reference to FIG. 3b. The reliability of the safety device is therefore improved. In addition, it will be mentioned that obtaining a single component 43 to support the two igniters 31, 32 makes it possible to simplify the manufacture and assembly of the safety device, in particular when the latter consists of two pyrotechnic circuit breakers 10a, 10b, as illustrated in Figure 4b.
[0052] Selon un mode de réalisation préféré, le dispositif de sécurité de la présente invention est configuré pour être embarqué dans un véhicule automobile. Dans ce cas, l’unité de contrôle électronique 50 pourrait être configurée pour activer le déclenchement du second allumeur 32 lors d’une décélération brutale de ce véhicule automobile ou la détection d’un disfonctionnement.  According to a preferred embodiment, the security device of the present invention is configured to be installed in a motor vehicle. In this case, the electronic control unit 50 could be configured to activate the triggering of the second igniter 32 during a sudden deceleration of this motor vehicle or the detection of a malfunction.
[0053] De préférence encore et comme illustré à la figure 4a, le circuit secondaire 2 comprend un organe résistif, telle qu’une résistance électrique 7 par exemple. Une telle résistance 7 se trouvera connectée électriquement en parallèle avec l’élément à déclenchement autonome 20. En variante, cette résistance électrique 7 pourrait faire partie du premier allumeur 31 . Typiquement, la résistance électrique 7 est au moins dix fois, de préférence au moins cent fois, plus résistive que le conducteur électrique 5. De cette façon, et en particulier dans le cas où l’élément à déclenchement autonome 20 serait constitué d’un fusible, la quasi-totalité du courant I du circuit électrique principal 1 traversera ce fusible et une partie insignifiante traversera le circuit secondaire 2. Le circuit secondaire, de préférence le premier allumeur 31 , sera configuré pour que cette partie insignifiante ne suffise pas à déclencher le premier allumeur 31 et soit donc inférieure au premier courant électrique In de mise à feu de cet allumeur 31. More preferably and as illustrated in Figure 4a, the secondary circuit 2 comprises a resistive member, such as an electrical resistance 7 for example. Such a resistor 7 will be electrically connected in parallel with the autonomous trigger element 20. As a variant, this electrical resistor 7 could be part of the first igniter 31. Typically, the electrical resistance 7 is at least ten times, preferably at least a hundred times, more resistive than the electrical conductor 5. In this way, and in particular in the case where the autonomous triggering element 20 would consist of a fuse, almost all of the current I of the main electrical circuit 1 will pass through this fuse and an insignificant part will pass through the secondary circuit 2. The secondary circuit, preferably the first igniter 31, will be configured so that this insignificant part is not sufficient to trigger the first igniter 31 and is therefore less than the first electric current In of ignition of this igniter 31.
[0054] L’objet de la présente invention porte également sur un véhicule automobile comprenant au moins un dispositif de sécurité selon l’une des variantes ou l’un de modes de réalisation décrits précédemment.  The object of the present invention also relates to a motor vehicle comprising at least one safety device according to one of the variants or one of the embodiments described above.
[0055] Bien que les objets de la présente invention aient été décrits en référence à des exemples spécifiques, diverses modifications et/ou améliorations évidentes pourraient être apportées aux modes de réalisation décrits sans s’écarter de l’esprit et de l’étendue de l’invention.  Although the objects of the present invention have been described with reference to specific examples, various obvious modifications and / or improvements could be made to the embodiments described without departing from the spirit and the scope of the invention.

Claims

REVENDICATIONS
[Revendication 1] Dispositif de sécurité de véhicule agencé pour couper un circuit électrique principal (1 ) comprenant :  [Claim 1] Vehicle safety device arranged to cut a main electrical circuit (1) comprising:
- un élément à déclenchement autonome (20), tel qu'un fusible, agencé pour faire partie dudit circuit principal (1 ), et  - an autonomous tripping element (20), such as a fuse, arranged to form part of said main circuit (1), and
- une unité coupe-circuit pyrotechnique (40) comprenant :  - a pyrotechnic circuit breaker unit (40) comprising:
- au moins un conducteur électrique (5) connecté à l'élément à déclenchement autonome (20) et agencé pour faire partie du circuit électrique principal, et  - at least one electrical conductor (5) connected to the autonomous triggering element (20) and arranged to form part of the main electrical circuit, and
- un dispositif de sectionnement (30) configuré pour sectionner ledit conducteur électrique (5), ledit dispositif de sectionnement (30) comprenant un premier allumeur (31 ), agencé pour actionner le dispositif de sectionnement (30), connecté électriquement avec l'élément à déclenchement autonome (20) de sorte qu’un actionnement de l’élément à déclenchement autonome (20) puisse engendrer un premier courant (h) de mise à feu du premier allumeur (31 ),  - a cutting device (30) configured to cut said electrical conductor (5), said cutting device (30) comprising a first igniter (31), arranged to actuate the cutting device (30), electrically connected with the element with autonomous trigger (20) so that an actuation of the autonomous trigger element (20) can generate a first firing current (h) from the first igniter (31),
ladite unité coupe-circuit pyrotechnique (40) comprend en outre :  said pyrotechnic circuit breaker unit (40) further comprises:
- au moins un second allumeur (32) agencé pour actionner le dispositif de  - at least a second igniter (32) arranged to actuate the device
sectionnement (30), et agencé pour être connecté électriquement à une unité de contrôle électronique (50) configurée pour engendrer un second courant électrique ( If2 ) de mise à feu du second allumeur (32), sectioning (30), and arranged to be electrically connected to an electronic control unit (50) configured to generate a second electric current (If2) for igniting the second igniter (32),
caractérisé en ce que le premier allumeur (31 ) et le second allumeur (32) sont supportés par un seul et même composant (43) de l'unité coupe-circuit (40). characterized in that the first igniter (31) and the second igniter (32) are supported by a single component (43) of the circuit breaker unit (40).
[Revendication 2] Dispositif selon la revendication 1 , caractérisé en ce que ledit dispositif de sectionnement (30) comprend un organe de sectionnement (13), constitué d’un poinçon (14) et d’une matrice (15) situés de part et d’autre du conducteur électrique (5), et ce que ledit organe de sectionnement (13) est activable par le premier allumeur (31 ) ou le second allumeur (32). [Claim 2] Device according to claim 1, characterized in that said sectioning device (30) comprises a sectioning member (13), consisting of a punch (14) and a matrix (15) located on the side and other of the electrical conductor (5), and that said sectioning member (13) can be activated by the first igniter (31) or the second igniter (32).
[Revendication 3] Dispositif selon la revendication 1 , caractérisé en ce que ledit dispositif de sectionnement (30) comprend un premier organe de sectionnement (13a) et un second organe de sectionnement (13b), chacun constitués d’au moins un poinçon (14) et d’au moins une matrice (15) respectivement situés de part et d’autre du conducteur électrique (5), et ce que le premier organe de sectionnement (13a) est activable par le premier allumeur (31 ) et le second organe de sectionnement (13b) est activable par le second allumeur (32). [Claim 3] Device according to claim 1, characterized in that said sectioning device (30) comprises a first sectioning member (13a) and a second sectioning member (13b), each consisting of at least one punch (14 ) and at least one matrix (15) respectively located on either side of the electrical conductor (5), and that the first sectioning member (13a) can be activated by the first igniter (31) and the second sectioning member (13b) can be activated by the second igniter (32).
[Revendication 4] Dispositif selon l’une des revendications précédentes, caractérisé en ce que l’unité coupe-circuit pyrotechnique (40) comprend un premier dispositif de sectionnement formant un premier coupe-circuit pyrotechnique (10, 10’) monté en série avec un second dispositif de sectionnement formant un second coupe-circuit pyrotechnique (10, 10’),  [Claim 4] Device according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the pyrotechnic circuit breaker unit (40) comprises a first sectioning device forming a first pyrotechnic circuit breaker (10, 10 ') mounted in series with a second sectioning device forming a second pyrotechnic circuit breaker (10, 10 '),
ledit premier coupe-circuit pyrotechnique comprenant ledit premier allumeur (31 ) et ledit second coupe-circuit pyrotechnique comprenant ledit second allumeur (32).  said first pyrotechnic circuit breaker comprising said first igniter (31) and said second pyrotechnic circuit breaker comprising said second igniter (32).
[Revendication 5] Dispositif selon la revendication 4, caractérisé en ce que lesdits premier et second coupe-circuits pyrotechniques sont identiques. [Claim 5] Device according to claim 4, characterized in that said first and second pyrotechnic circuit breakers are identical.
[Revendication 6] Dispositif selon l’une des revendications précédentes, caractérisé en ce qu’il est configuré pour être embarqué dans un véhicule  [Claim 6] Device according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that it is configured to be loaded on a vehicle
automobile et en ce que l’unité de contrôle électronique (50) est configurée pour activer le déclenchement du second allumeur (32) lors d’une décélération brutale de ce véhicule automobile. automobile and in that the electronic control unit (50) is configured to activate the triggering of the second igniter (32) during a sudden deceleration of this motor vehicle.
[Revendication 7] Dispositif selon l’une des revendications précédentes, caractérisé en ce que l’élément à déclenchement autonome (20) est un fusible et en ce que ledit dispositif de sécurité de véhicule comprend en outre une résistance électrique (7) connectée électriquement en série avec le premier allumeur.  [Claim 7] Device according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the autonomous tripping element (20) is a fuse and in that said vehicle safety device further comprises an electric resistance (7) electrically connected in series with the first igniter.
[Revendication 8] Dispositif selon la revendication 7, caractérisé en ce que la résistance électrique est au moins dix fois, de préférence au moins cent fois, plus résistive que ledit conducteur électrique.  [Claim 8] Device according to claim 7, characterized in that the electrical resistance is at least ten times, preferably at least one hundred times, more resistive than said electrical conductor.
[Revendication 9] Dispositif selon l’une des revendications 1 à 6, caractérisé en ce que l’élément à déclenchement autonome (20) est un interrupteur magnétique, le circuit électrique principal (1 ) étant agencé de sorte que lorsqu’il est parcouru par un courant supérieur à une valeur prédéterminée, il engendre un champ magnétique de déclenchement de l’interrupteur magnétique.  [Claim 9] Device according to one of claims 1 to 6, characterized in that the autonomous tripping element (20) is a magnetic switch, the main electrical circuit (1) being arranged so that when it is traversed by a current greater than a predetermined value, it generates a magnetic field for triggering the magnetic switch.
[Revendication 10] Véhicule automobile comprenant au moins un dispositif de sécurité selon l’une des revendications précédentes.  [Claim 10] Motor vehicle comprising at least one safety device according to one of the preceding claims.
PCT/EP2019/081151 2018-11-15 2019-11-13 Safety device for an electric circuit of a vehicle WO2020099474A1 (en)

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FR1871541A FR3088592B1 (en) 2018-11-15 2018-11-15 SAFETY DEVICE FOR VEHICLE ELECTRICAL CIRCUIT
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