WO2020098202A1 - 用于大型离心机超重力场下的地质构造物理模拟实验装置 - Google Patents

用于大型离心机超重力场下的地质构造物理模拟实验装置 Download PDF

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Publication number
WO2020098202A1
WO2020098202A1 PCT/CN2019/080940 CN2019080940W WO2020098202A1 WO 2020098202 A1 WO2020098202 A1 WO 2020098202A1 CN 2019080940 W CN2019080940 W CN 2019080940W WO 2020098202 A1 WO2020098202 A1 WO 2020098202A1
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bottom plate
screw
baffle
curved
centrifuge
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PCT/CN2019/080940
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English (en)
French (fr)
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詹良通
张驰
周建勋
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浙江大学
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Application filed by 浙江大学 filed Critical 浙江大学
Priority to US17/042,929 priority Critical patent/US11862039B2/en
Publication of WO2020098202A1 publication Critical patent/WO2020098202A1/zh

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    • G—PHYSICS
    • G09—EDUCATION; CRYPTOGRAPHY; DISPLAY; ADVERTISING; SEALS
    • G09B—EDUCATIONAL OR DEMONSTRATION APPLIANCES; APPLIANCES FOR TEACHING, OR COMMUNICATING WITH, THE BLIND, DEAF OR MUTE; MODELS; PLANETARIA; GLOBES; MAPS; DIAGRAMS
    • G09B23/00—Models for scientific, medical, or mathematical purposes, e.g. full-sized devices for demonstration purposes
    • G09B23/40—Models for scientific, medical, or mathematical purposes, e.g. full-sized devices for demonstration purposes for geology

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  • the invention relates to a geological structure physics simulation experiment device, in particular to a geological structure physics simulation experiment device used in a large centrifuge under the supergravity field.
  • the object of the present invention is to provide a geological structure physical simulation experiment device for a large-scale centrifuge under the supergravity field. Since the radius of the large-scale engineering centrifuge is much larger than the thickness of the experimental model, the supergravity field where the model is located is relatively uniform. In addition, the large engineering centrifuge has a large hanging basket space, which can accommodate larger-scale geological models, and the model resolution can be significantly improved. In addition, the wider gondola space also provides a sufficient field of view for the collection of experimental results, enabling real-time collection of information about the experimental process. Therefore, the device provided by the invention can overcome the deficiencies of the existing supergravity physical simulation experimental device.
  • the invention includes a bottom plate and a curved table; the bottom plate is placed on the hanging basket of the centrifuge, and a screw assembly is installed on both sides of the bottom plate, the screw assembly includes a screw, a sliding guide, a diverter and a screw support column, the screw is parallel On the bottom plate, the two ends of the screw are supported and connected between the steering gear and the screw support column, the steering gear and the screw support column are fixed on the bottom plate, and the slide rail is fixed on the bottom plate under the screw; two wires The motor is fixed on the bottom plate between the same end of the rod, and the output shafts are symmetrically provided at both ends of the motor.
  • the output shafts at both ends of the motor are connected through the respective transmission shafts and one end of the two steering gears in the two screw assemblies, each The other end of the steering gear is connected to the end of the screw;
  • the fixed baffle is connected between the two screws of the two screw assemblies, the two ends of the fixed baffle are threaded with the screw and the bottom and the slide rail Mosaic, the lower part of the fixed baffle is equipped with a detachable baffle, the lower end of the detachable baffle is hingedly connected by a hinge and a swing baffle;
  • a curved table is fixed in the middle of the bottom plate, the upper surface of the curved table is a curved column
  • the tangent direction of the curved surface is parallel to the screw, and the direction of the generatrix of the cylindrical surface is parallel to the fixed baffle; when the centrifuge rotates, the trajectory of the curved column surface of the curved table is all in the same cylinder with the centrifuge rotation axis as the center axis On
  • the radius of curvature of the curved column curved surface is the distance between the rotating shaft and the bottom surface of the bottom plate during centrifuge rotation, minus the thickness of the bottom plate, and then the thickness of the center of the curved table.
  • the bottom plate is made of steel material.
  • the curved table is an experimental operation table on which experimental materials and models are placed, and the curved table is made of aluminum alloy material.
  • the bottom of both ends of the fixed baffle is fixedly connected with a slider, and the slider is embedded on the sliding guide rail.
  • the function of the power part is to provide the power required for the experiment.
  • the function of the curved table part is to provide the operation table required for the experiment.
  • the curved table is placed in the center of the bottom plate, its upper surface is a curved cylindrical surface, and the other surfaces of the curved table are flat.
  • the function of the baffle part is to transfer the thrust of the power part to the experimental model.
  • the two ends of the fixed baffle penetrate and are embedded with screw nuts and are coupled with the two screw rods.
  • the detachable baffle is fixed at the center of the fixed baffle.
  • the lower end of the baffle is connected to the swing push plate with a hinge.
  • the upper surface is in contact.
  • the invention specially designs the upper surface of the curved table as an arc column curved surface and a baffle part that can be flexibly adjusted, so that the fluid material on the curved table is on the same centrifugal force equipotential surface, thereby preventing the flow of non-experimental dynamic causes and eliminating Simulation error of the prior art.
  • the device can be used to carry out geological structure physical simulation experiments in large centrifuges, to realize supergravity physical simulation research on geological structure phenomena, making geological structure physical simulation more accurate;
  • the curved column curved structure of the curved table can ensure that the experimental model located on it is on the same gravitational equipotential surface, thus effectively avoiding the flow of fluid experimental materials due to non-experimental reasons;
  • the entire device has a large stiffness, and it is not easy to deform, so as to effectively ensure that the device can operate normally under the state of supergravity;
  • the motor and transmission shaft are distributed on the short side of the bottom plate and the screw rods are distributed on both sides of the long side of the bottom plate, which ensures space for the curved table while ensuring power transmission, and maximizes the effective space of the centrifuge basket.
  • FIG. 1 is a schematic diagram of the overall structure of the present invention.
  • Figure 2 is a schematic diagram of the structure of the baffle.
  • 3 is a cross-sectional view of the contact relationship between the baffle and the curved table.
  • the present invention includes a bottom plate 1, a curved table 2, a power portion, and a baffle portion.
  • the bottom plate 1 is placed on the hanging basket of the centrifuge, and screw assemblies are installed on both sides of the bottom plate 1, the screw assembly includes a screw 6, a sliding guide 8, a diverter 5, and a screw support post 7 ,
  • the screw 6 is arranged parallel to the bottom plate 1, the two ends of the screw 6 are supported and connected between the diverter 5 and the screw support column 7, the diverter 5 and the screw support column 7 are fixed on the bottom plate 1, the screw 6 Sliding guide rails 8 are fixed on the bottom plate 1 below;
  • a motor 3 is fixed on the bottom plate 1 between two screw rods 6 at the same end, and output shafts are symmetrically provided at both ends of the motor 3, and the output shafts at both ends of the motor 3 pass through their respective
  • the drive shaft 4 is connected to one end of the two steering gears 5 in the two screw assemblies, and the other end of each steering gear is connected to the end of the screw 6.
  • the two ends of the steering gear 5 are located on two vertical sides, The direction of the transmission shaft on the steering gear is perpendicular to the direction of the screw.
  • the other end of the screw 6 is connected to the screw support column 7.
  • the screw support column 7 provides a fixed support for the screw 6;
  • the shaft 4 and the screw assembly constitute a power part, and the motor 3 in the power part is a power source.
  • the fixed baffle 9 is connected between the two screw rods 6 of the two screw assemblies.
  • the fixed baffle 9 is parallel to the output shaft of the motor 3 and the transmission shaft 4, and the two ends of the fixed baffle 9 are fixed. Both parts are screw connected with the screw 6 and the bottom is fitted with the sliding guide rail 8.
  • the lower part of the fixed baffle 9 is equipped with a removable baffle 11, the lower end of the removable baffle 11 is hingedly connected by a hinge 12 and a swing baffle 13;
  • the fixed baffle 9, the detachable baffle 11, the hinge 12 and the swing baffle 13 constitute a baffle portion.
  • a curved table 2 is fixed in the middle of the bottom plate 1, the upper surface of the curved table 2 is an arc-shaped cylindrical surface, the tangent direction of the arc-shaped cylindrical surface is parallel to the screw 6, and the generatrix direction (axis direction) of the cylindrical surface is parallel to the fixed baffle 9;
  • the hinge axis of the centrifuge basket and the bottom plate 1 is parallel to the bottom plate 1 but perpendicular to the axial direction of the curved column curved surface, so that when the centrifuge rotates, the trajectory of the curved column curved surface of the curved table 2 is in the centrifuge
  • the rotation axis is the same cylindrical surface of the circle center axis.
  • the circle center axis of the curved column curved surface coincides with the rotation axis of the centrifuge.
  • the swing baffle 13 is made of a flexible material and covers the curved surface of the arc-shaped column that contacts the curved table 2.
  • the radius of curvature of the curved column curved surface is the distance from the rotating shaft to the bottom surface of the bottom plate 1 (that is, the effective radius of the large centrifuge) when the centrifuge rotates, minus the thickness of the bottom plate 1 and then the thickness of the center of the curved table 2. This can ensure that when the large centrifuge is in operation, the upper surface of the curved table 2 and the centrifugal force equipotential surface at that location are completely fitted, as shown in FIG. 3, so as to avoid the experimental materials (especially fluid materials) placed on it Non-experimental dynamic flow occurs at the same centrifugal force equipotential plane.
  • the bottom plate 1 is made of steel material.
  • the curved surface table 2 is an experimental operation table surface, on which experimental materials and models are placed. To ensure strength while taking into account the quality, the curved surface table 2 is made of aluminum alloy material.
  • the steering gear 5 turns and transmits the rotation direction of the transmission shaft 4 to the screw rod 6. Since the fixed baffle 9 is coupled with a pair of screw rods 6 by the screw nut, the screw rod 6 rotates through the screw nut The sliding rail pair drives the fixed baffle 9 to translate along the screw rod 6.
  • the screw nut is embedded in both ends of the fixed baffle 9, so its two ends are coupled with the two screw rods 6.
  • the two ends of the fixed baffle 9 are fixed to the two sliders 10, and the slider 10 is fitted with the sliding guide rail 8. Therefore, the slider 10 not only supports the fixed baffle, but also wants to connect it with the sliding guide rail 8 , To ensure that the fixed baffle 9 can be translated along the direction of the screw 6.
  • a detachable baffle 11 is fixed by screws, which is connected to the lower swing baffle 13 by a hinge 12 to ensure that the swing baffle 13 can be flipped and swinged about the rotation axis of the hinge 12.
  • the bottom of the swing baffle 13 is in contact with the upper surface of the curved table 2.
  • the swing baffle 13 can swing up and down along the hinge 12, so the gravity Under the action, the fixed baffle 9 is translated to any position, and the swing baffle 13 can ensure that it keeps in contact with the upper surface of the curved table 2.
  • the fixed baffle 9 is translated to an ideal position, and then the experimental model and required experimental materials are placed on the curved table 2.
  • the experimental model and material on the upper surface of the stage 2 are deformed to produce experimental phenomena. By the end of the experiment, the whole device was removed from the gondola.
  • the deformation materials for specific implementation usually use experimental materials with different deformation characteristics, such as quartz sand, micro glass beads, silica gel, and the like.
  • step 2) based on the initial elevation data collected by the supergravity geological structure physical simulation experiment, a three-dimensional coordinate system is established.
  • Each elevation point in the initial elevation data has an initial two-dimensional plane coordinate and an initial three-dimensional elevation.
  • the elevation point is Location points in elevation data. For each elevation point, the following methods are used for correction processing:
  • the processing of elevation data refers to the processing of two-dimensional plane coordinates and three-dimensional elevation of all elevation points. The entire processing process is divided into four steps.
  • the first step according to the initial two-dimensional plane coordinates of the elevation point and the initial three-dimensional elevation, calculate the plane coordinate deviation difference of the elevation point caused by the surface model surface fluctuation;
  • the second step is to calculate the two-dimensional plane coordinates of the orthographic point corresponding to the elevation point according to the difference between the initial two-dimensional plane coordinates of the elevation point and the elevation point plane coordinate calculated in the previous step, so as to realize the two-dimensional plane coordinates for the elevation point Orthorectification of
  • the two-dimensional plane coordinates corresponding to the orthographic point and the known surface arc equation and arc length formula on the surface of the curved table are calculated according to the previous step, and the corrected two-dimensional plane coordinates of the elevation point and elevation projection difference are calculated. Realize the projection transformation of the two-dimensional plane coordinates of the elevation point;
  • the corrected three-dimensional elevation of the elevation point is calculated to realize the projection transformation of the three-dimensional elevation of the elevation point
  • the two-dimensional plane coordinates of the corrected elevation point and the three-dimensional elevation of the elevation point are integrated into the elevation data of the corrected elevation point.
  • the corrected two-dimensional plane coordinates of the elevation point and the three-dimensional elevation of the elevation point are calculated as:
  • x and y represent the initial two-dimensional plane coordinates of the elevation point
  • z represents the initial three-dimensional elevation of the elevation point
  • x f and y f represent the two-dimensional plane coordinates of the corrected elevation point
  • z f represents the three-dimensional plane of the corrected elevation point Elevation
  • Q (x, z) represents the X coordinate of the elevation point expressed by x and z corresponding to the orthographic point
  • R represents the radius of curvature of the curved cylindrical surface on the curved table.
  • step 2) based on the initial velocity field data collected by the supergravity geological structure physical simulation experiment, a two-dimensional coordinate system is established, and each feature point is given a two-dimensional plane coordinate.
  • the velocity field is composed of two The relative position of the corresponding feature points in the photos with a certain time interval is removed by the time interval.
  • Each feature point in the initial velocity field data has the two-dimensional plane coordinates of the starting point of the time step and the starting point within the time step to The displacement distance of the end point, the characteristic point is the position point in the initial velocity field data.
  • the following methods are used for correction processing, and the entire processing process is divided into five steps.
  • the first step is to calculate the two-dimensional plane coordinates of the end point of the feature point according to the two-dimensional plane coordinates of the starting point of the feature point and the displacement distance;
  • the plane coordinate offset difference between the starting point and the end point caused by the surface model surface fluctuation is calculated respectively;
  • the third step is to calculate the two-dimensional plane coordinates of the orthographic point corresponding to the starting point and the end point respectively according to the difference between the two-dimensional plane coordinates of the starting point and the end point and the plane coordinates of the starting point and the end point calculated in the previous step. Orthorectification of the two-dimensional plane coordinates of the start and end points;
  • the fourth step is to calculate the two points of the corrected start point and end point according to the two-dimensional plane coordinates of the orthographic point corresponding to the start point and end point calculated in the previous step and the known surface arc equation and arc length formula on the surface of the curved table.
  • Dimensional plane coordinates so as to realize the projection transformation of the two-dimensional plane coordinates of the start point and the end point;
  • the fifth step is to calculate the displacement distance of the corrected feature point according to the two-dimensional plane coordinates of the corrected start point and end point;
  • the corrected two-dimensional plane coordinates of the starting point and the displacement distance of the feature points are integrated into the velocity field data of the corrected feature points.
  • the three-dimensional elevations of the starting point and the end point both use the initial three-dimensional elevations of the two points in the elevation data.
  • the two-dimensional plane coordinates of the corrected feature points and the displacement distance of the corrected feature points along the two-dimensional plane coordinates are calculated as:
  • x and y represent the initial two-dimensional plane coordinates of the feature point
  • z represents the initial three-dimensional elevation of the feature point
  • z ' represents the initial three-dimensional elevation of the end point of the feature point
  • x f and y f represent the corrected two-dimensional plane coordinates of the feature point
  • D xf and d yf represent the displacement distance of the corrected feature point along the two directions of the two-dimensional plane coordinates
  • Q (x, z) represents the X coordinate of the feature point represented by x and z corresponding to the orthographic point
  • Q (x + d x , z ′) represents the X coordinate of the end point of the feature point represented by x + d x and z ′ corresponding to the orthographic point
  • R represents the radius of curvature of the curved cylindrical surface on the curved table.
  • the present invention greatly expands the scale of the experimental model and improves the resolution of the model while providing a uniform supergravity field for the experimental model and materials. Combined with the large space of the large centrifuge, it provides convenience for real-time collection of experimental process data. Therefore, on the basis of realizing the physical simulation experiment of geological structure in a large centrifuge, the present invention also has many of the above technical advantages and has significant technical effects.

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Abstract

一种用于大型离心机超重力场下的地质构造物理模拟实验装置。底板（1）置于离心机的吊篮上，底板（1）装有丝杆组件，丝杆（6）平行于底板（1）布置，转向器（5）和丝杆支撑柱（7）固定底板（1）上，底板（1）上有滑动导轨和电机（3），电机（3）两端输出轴和两个转向器（5）连接，转向器（5）和丝杆（6）端部连接，固定挡板（9）和丝杆（6）螺纹连接且和滑动导轨（8）嵌合，固定挡板（9）下部有可拆卸挡板（11），下端通过铰链（12）和摆动挡板（13）铰接连接，底板（1）上有弧形柱曲面的曲面台（2），离心机旋转工作时曲面台（2）的弧形柱曲面的各处运动轨迹均在以离心机旋转轴为圆心轴的同一圆柱面上，实验装置使得实验中流体材料处于同一离心等位面，从而防止发生非实验动力原因的流动，消除现有技术的模拟误差，地质构造物理模拟更准确。

Description

用于大型离心机超重力场下的地质构造物理模拟实验装置 技术领域
本发明涉及了一种地质构造物理模拟实验装置，尤其是涉及了一种用于大型离心机超重力场下的地质构造物理模拟实验装置。
背景技术
对于以百万年为基本计时单位的地质构造变形过程，人类无法直接观测其完整演化历史。然而，构造模拟可以在实验室条件下以可接受的时长重现地质构造变形过程，是了解构造变形过程及其机理的有效途径。时至今日，构造物理模拟研究方法已有二百多年的历史。由于数学模拟方法尚未取得实质性的突破，物理模拟研究依然是研究构造变形过程与机理的最重要方法。
由于成本限制，目前构造物理模拟主要是在常重力条件下进行。然而，按照构造模拟的相似理论，当在实验室中用缩时缩尺模型模拟地质构造过程时，除天然岩石模拟材料参数需要调整外，重力加速度值也应按比例增加。常重力构造模拟装置的先天相似性缺陷，导致这一方法在涉及岩石流动(如地幔柱上涌、软流圈对流、下地壳流动以及岩浆及膏盐地层底辟作用等)问题的构造过程模拟方面存在很大的局限性。
众所周知在离心机所营造的超重力条件下开展的模拟实验是解决这一问题的有效途径，并且国内外已有多位学者利用低成本鼓式离心机开展了超重力构造物理模拟研究，然而该方式具有明显不足。首先，由于鼓式离心机半径短，致使径向重力加速度变化较大，无法为模型提供相对均匀的超重力环境；其次，鼓式离心机机舱空间狭小，导致模型建模尺寸较小，模型分辨率过低；再次，鼓式离心机机舱内难以放置信息采集装置，导致无法对实验过程开展实时观测。
发明内容
为克服背景技术中所提及的不足，本发明的目的在于提供一种用于大型离心机超重力场下的地质构造物理模拟实验装置。由于大型工程离心机的半径远大于实验模型厚度，故模型所处超重力场较为均匀。另外，大型工程离心机的吊篮空间较大，可容纳较大尺度的地质模型，模型分辨率可实现显著提升。此外，较广阔的吊篮空间也给实验结果采集提供了足够视域范围，可以实现对于实验过程信息的实时采集。由此，该发明所提供装置可克服上述现有超重力物理模拟实验装置的不足。
本发明采用的技术方案是：
本发明包括底板和曲面台；底板置于离心机的吊篮上，底板的两侧均安装有丝杆组件，丝杆组件包括丝杆、滑动导轨、转向器和丝杆支撑柱，丝杆平行于底板布置，丝杆的两端分别支撑连接在转向器和丝杆支撑柱之间，转向器和丝杆支撑柱固定在底板上，丝杆下方的底板上均固定有滑动导轨；两根丝杆同一端之间的底板上固定有电机，电机两端对称设有输出轴，电机两端的输出轴均经各自的传动轴和两个丝杆组件中的两个转向器的一端连接，每个转向器的另一端均和丝杆端部连接；固定挡板连接在两个丝杆组件的两根丝杆之间，固定挡板的两端端部均和丝杆螺纹连接且底部和滑动导轨嵌合，固定挡板下部安装有可拆卸挡板，可拆卸挡板的下端通过铰链和摆动挡板铰接连接；底板上中间固定有曲面台，曲面台上表面为弧形柱曲面，弧形柱曲面的切线方向与丝杆平行，柱面的母线方向与固定挡板平行；离心机旋转工作时曲面台的弧形柱曲面的各处运动轨迹均在以离心机旋转轴为圆心轴的同一圆柱面上，摆动挡板采用柔性材料，并覆盖接触曲面台的弧形柱曲面。
离心机在旋转运行时，所述的弧形柱曲面的圆心轴和离心机的旋转轴重合。
所述的弧形柱曲面的曲率半径为离心机在旋转运行时旋转轴到底板底面的距离减去底板的厚度，再减去曲面台中心的厚度。
所述的底板采用钢材料制成。
所述的曲面台为实验操作台面，上面放置实验材料及模型，所述的曲面台采用铝合金材料制成。
所述的固定挡板的两端底部固定连接有滑块，滑块嵌装滑动导轨上。
动力部分的功能是提供实验所需动力。
曲面台部分的功能是提供实验所需操作台面。曲面台放置于底板中央位置，其上表面为弧形柱曲面，曲面台其他表面为平面。
挡板部分的功能是将动力部分的推力传递给实验模型。其中固定挡板的两端贯穿并嵌入丝杆螺母与两根丝杆相耦合，可拆卸挡板固定于固定挡板中央位置，其下端与摆动推板以铰链相连接，摆动推板与曲面台上表面相接触。
本发明特殊设计了曲面台上表面为弧形柱曲面和可柔性调整活动的挡板部分，使得曲面台上流体材料处于同一离心力等位面，从而防止其发生非实验动力原因的流动，消除了现有技术的模拟误差。
本发明的有益效果是：
(1)利用该装置可以在大型离心机中进行地质构造物理模拟实验，实现对于地质构造现象的超重力物理模拟研究，使得地质构造物理模拟更准确；
(2)曲面台的弧形柱曲面结构能够保证位于其上的实验模型处于同一重力等 势面上，从而有效避免流体实验材料因非实验原因而发生流动；
(3)整个装置具有较大刚度，不易发生形变，从而有效保证装置能够在超重力状态下正常运行；
(4)可拆卸挡板与摆动挡板以铰链连接，能够保证摆动挡板随着曲面台高低起伏而随意摆动，从而实现在整个实验过程中摆动挡板与曲面台的密切接触；
(5)电机及传动轴分布于底板短边一侧而丝杆分布于底板长边两侧，在保证传递动力的同时为曲面台留出空间，最大限度节约离心机吊篮有效空间。
附图说明
图1为本发明整体结构示意图。
图2为挡板部分结构示意图。
图3为挡板与曲面台接触关系的剖面图。
图中：1、底板，2、曲面台，3、电机，4、传动轴，5、转向器，6、丝杆，7、丝杆支撑柱，8、滑动导轨，9、固定挡板，10、滑块，11、可拆卸挡板，12、铰链，13、摆动挡板。
具体实施方式
下面结合附图及具体实施例对本发明作进一步详细说明。
如图1所示，本发明包括底板1、曲面台2、动力部分和挡板部分。
如图1所示，底板1置于离心机的吊篮上，底板1的两侧均安装有丝杆组件，丝杆组件包括丝杆6、滑动导轨8、转向器5和丝杆支撑柱7，丝杆6平行于底板1布置，丝杆6的两端分别支撑连接在转向器5和丝杆支撑柱7之间，转向器5和丝杆支撑柱7固定在底板1上，丝杆6下方的底板1上均固定有滑动导轨8；两根丝杆6同一端之间的底板1上固定有电机3，电机3两端对称设有输出轴，电机3两端的输出轴均经各自的传动轴4和两个丝杆组件中的两个转向器5的一端连接，每个转向器的另一端均和丝杆6端部连接，转向器5的两端分别位于两个垂直的侧面，转向器上传动轴方向与丝杆方向呈垂直关系，丝杆6另一端端部和丝杆支撑柱7连接，丝杆支撑柱7对丝杆6起到固定支撑作用；主要由电机3、传动轴4和丝杆组件构成了动力部分，动力部分中的电机3为动力来源。
如图2所示，固定挡板9连接在两个丝杆组件的两根丝杆6之间，固定挡板9平行于电机3的输出轴和传动轴4，固定挡板9的两端端部均和丝杆6螺纹连接且底部和滑动导轨8嵌合，固定挡板9下部安装有可拆卸挡板11，可拆卸挡板11的下端通过铰链12和摆动挡板13铰接连接；主要由固定挡板9、可拆卸挡板11、铰链12和摆动挡板13构成了挡板部分。
底板1上中间固定有曲面台2，曲面台2上表面为弧形柱曲面，弧形柱曲面的切线方向与丝杆6平行，柱面的母线方向(轴线方向)与固定挡板9平行；离心机吊篮和底板1的铰接轴平行于底板1但垂直于弧形柱曲面的轴向方向，使得离心机旋转工作时曲面台2的弧形柱曲面的各处运动轨迹均在以离心机旋转轴为圆心轴的同一圆柱面上，离心机在旋转运行时，弧形柱曲面的圆心轴和离心机的旋转轴重合。如图3所示，摆动挡板13采用柔性材料，并覆盖接触曲面台2的弧形柱曲面。
弧形柱曲面的曲率半径为离心机在旋转运行时旋转轴到底板1底面的距离(即大型离心机的有效半径)减去底板1的厚度，再减去曲面台2中心的厚度。这样能保证大型离心机运行时，曲面台2的上表面与该处的离心力等位面完全贴合，如图3所示，从而避免放置在其上的实验材料(尤其是流体材料)因不处于同一离心力等位面而发生非实验动力原因的流动。
为保证强度，所述的底板1采用钢材料制成。
如图1所示，曲面台2为实验操作台面，上面放置实验材料及模型，为保证强度，同时兼顾质量，所述的曲面台2采用铝合金材料制成。
如图1所示，转向器5将传动轴4的转动方向转向并传递到丝杆6，由于固定挡板9内由丝杆螺母与一对丝杆6耦合，丝杆6旋转通过丝杠螺母滑轨副带动固定挡板9沿丝杆6平移。
如图1和图2所示，固定挡板9两端内嵌丝杆螺母，故其两端与两根丝杆6耦合。固定挡板9两端下部与两个滑块10相固定，滑块10与滑动导轨8嵌合，由此，滑块10既对固定挡板有支撑作用，又将其与滑动导轨8想衔接，保证固定挡板9可以延丝杆6方向发生平移。固定挡板9中间位置以螺丝固定有可拆卸挡板11，其与下部摆动挡板13以铰链12相连接，保证摆动挡板13可以以铰链12的旋转轴为中心发生翻转摆动。
如图1和图3所示，摆动挡板13下方与曲面台2的上表面相接触，当固定挡板9发生平移时，由于摆动挡板13可以沿铰链12发生上下摆动，故在重力的作用下，固定挡板9平移到任意位置，摆动挡板13均可保证与曲面台2的上表面保持接触关系。
具体实施时，将固定挡板9平移至理想位置，再将实验模型及所需实验材料放置于曲面台2上。利用吊车将整个装置吊装至大型离心机吊篮中，连接好必要的线路，准备工作完成。启动大型离心机，待离心机加速至设定加速度值以后，根据实验要求启动电机3，驱动固定挡板9以特定速度平移特定距离，摆动挡板13则以相同速度行进相同距离，推进位于曲面台2上表面的实验模型及 材料发生形变，产生实验现象。至实验结束，将该装置整体从吊篮中卸下。
实验中超重力地质构造物理模拟实验的数据处理过程如下：
1)采用特殊设计带有曲面模型表面的超重力地质构造物理模拟实验装置进行二维拍摄和三维高程扫描采集获得初始高程数据和初始速度场数据；
具体实施的形变材料通常采用石英砂、微玻璃珠、硅胶等具有不同形变特征的实验材料。
离心机在旋转运行时，弧形柱曲面的圆心轴和离心机的旋转轴重合。
2)对初始高程数据和初始速度场数据进行校正处理获得调整后的高程数据和速度场数据。
步骤2)中，针对超重力地质构造物理模拟实验所采集的初始高程数据，建立三维坐标系，初始高程数据中的每个高程点均带有初始二维平面坐标和初始三维高程，高程点为高程数据中的位置点。针对每一高程点采用以下方式进行校正处理：
针对高程数据的处理是指对于所有高程点二维平面坐标和三维高程的处理，整个处理过程分为四步。
第一步，根据高程点的初始二维平面坐标和初始三维高程，计算因曲面模型表面起伏所导致的高程点平面坐标偏移差；
第二步，根据高程点的初始二维平面坐标和上一步计算得到的高程点平面坐标偏移差，计算高程点所对应正射点的二维平面坐标，从而实现对于高程点二维平面坐标的正射校正；
第三步，根据上一步计算得到对应正射点的二维平面坐标以及曲面台上表面已知的表面圆弧方程和弧长公式，计算校正后的高程点二维平面坐标和高程投影差，实现对于高程点二维平面坐标的投影变换；
第四步，根据高程点的初始三维高程以及上一步计算得到的高程投影差，计算校正后的高程点三维高程，实现对于高程点三维高程的投影变换；
最终，将校正后的高程点二维平面坐标和高程点三维高程整合为校正后高程点的高程数据。
校正后的高程点二维平面坐标和高程点三维高程计算为：
Figure PCTCN2019080940-appb-000001
Figure PCTCN2019080940-appb-000002
其中，x、y表示高程点的初始二维平面坐标，z表示高程点的初始三维高程，x f、y f表示校正后的高程点二维平面坐标，z f表示校正后的高程点的三维高程；Q(x,z)表示以x、z表示的高程点对应正射点的X坐标，R表示曲面台上的弧形柱曲面的曲率半径。
步骤2)中，针对超重力地质构造物理模拟实验所采集的初始速度场数据，建立二维坐标系，每个特征点赋予二维平面坐标，根据PIV的计算原理可知，速度场是由两张具有一定时间间隔的照片中对应特征点的相对位移除以时间间隔而得，初始速度场数据中的每个特征点均带有时步开始时的起点的二维平面坐标和时步内起点到终点的位移距离，特征点为初始速度场数据中的位置点。针对每一特征点采用以下方式进行校正处理，整个处理过程分为五步。
第一步，根据特征点的起点二维平面坐标和位移距离，计算特征点的终点二维平面坐标；
第二步，根据特征点的起点二维平面坐标和终点二维平面坐标以及起点和终点的三维高程，分别计算因曲面模型表面起伏所导致的起点和终点的平面坐标偏移差；
第三步，根据起点和终点的二维平面坐标和上一步所计算得到的起点和终点各自的平面坐标偏移差，计算起点和终点各自分别对应正射点的二维平面坐标，从而实现对于起点和终点的二维平面坐标的正射校正；
第四步，根据上一步算得起点和终点所分别对应的正射点的二维平面坐标以及曲面台上表面已知的表面圆弧方程和弧长公式，分别计算校正后的起点和终点的二维平面坐标，从而实现对于起点和终点的二维平面坐标的投影变换；
第五步，根据校正后的起点和终点的二维平面坐标，计算出校正后特征点的位移距离；
最终将校正后的起点二维平面坐标和特征点的位移距离整合为校正后特征点的的速度场数据。
第二步中，起点和终点的三维高程均采用高程数据中该两点的初始三维高程。
校正后的特征点二维平面坐标和校正后的特征点沿二维平面坐标两个方向的位移距离计算为：
Figure PCTCN2019080940-appb-000003
Figure PCTCN2019080940-appb-000004
Figure PCTCN2019080940-appb-000005
其中，x、y表示特征点的初始二维平面坐标，z表示特征点的初始三维高程，z’表示特征点终点的初始三维高程，x f、y f表示校正后的特征点二维平面坐标，d xf、d yf表示校正后的特征点沿二维平面坐标两个方向的位移距离；Q(x,z)表示以x、z表示的特征点对应正射点的X坐标，Q(x+d x,z′)表示以x+d x、z’表示的特征点终点对应正射点的X坐标，R表示曲面台上的弧形柱曲面的曲率半径。
由此可以看出，本发明在为实验模型及材料提供均匀超重力场的同时，极大扩展了实验模型尺度，提高了模型分辨率。配合大型离心机吊篮空间较大的优点，为实时采集实验过程数据提供了便利。因此，本发明在实现大型离心机中开展地质构造物理模拟实验的基础上，还兼具了以上诸多技术优点，有着显著的技术效果。

Claims (6)

  1. 一种用于大型离心机超重力场下的地质构造物理模拟实验装置，其特征在于：包括底板(1)和曲面台(2)；底板(1)置于离心机的吊篮上，底板(1)的两侧均安装有丝杆组件，丝杆组件包括丝杆(6)、滑动导轨(8)、转向器(5)和丝杆支撑柱(7)，丝杆(6)平行于底板(1)布置，丝杆(6)的两端分别支撑连接在转向器(5)和丝杆支撑柱(7)之间，转向器(5)和丝杆支撑柱(7)固定在底板(1)上，丝杆(6)下方的底板(1)上均固定有滑动导轨(8)；两根丝杆(6)同一端之间的底板(1)上固定有电机(3)，电机(3)两端对称设有输出轴，电机(3)两端的输出轴均经各自的传动轴(4)和两个丝杆组件中的两个转向器(5)的一端连接，每个转向器的另一端均和丝杆(6)端部连接；固定挡板(9)连接在两个丝杆组件的两根丝杆(6)之间，固定挡板(9)的两端端部均和丝杆(6)螺纹连接且底部和滑动导轨(8)嵌合，固定挡板(9)下部安装有可拆卸挡板(11)，可拆卸挡板(11)的下端通过铰链(12)和摆动挡板(13)铰接连接；底板(1)上中间固定有曲面台(2)，曲面台(2)上表面为弧形柱曲面，弧形柱曲面的切线方向与丝杆(6)平行，柱面的母线方向与固定挡板(9)平行；离心机旋转工作时曲面台(2)的弧形柱曲面的各处运动轨迹均在以离心机旋转轴为圆心轴的同一圆柱面上，摆动挡板(13)采用柔性材料并覆盖接触曲面台(2)的弧形柱曲面。
  2. 根据权利要求1所述的一种用于大型离心机超重力场下的地质构造物理模拟实验装置，其特征在于：离心机在旋转运行时，所述的弧形柱曲面的圆心轴和离心机的旋转轴重合。
  3. 根据权利要求1所述的一种用于大型离心机超重力场下的地质构造物理模拟实验装置，其特征在于：所述的弧形柱曲面的曲率半径为离心机在旋转运行时旋转轴到底板(1)底面的距离减去底板(1)的厚度，再减去曲面台(2)中心的厚度。
  4. 根据权利要求1所述的一种用于大型离心机超重力场下的地质构造物理模拟实验装置，其特征在于：所述的底板(1)采用钢材料制成。
  5. 根据权利要求1所述的一种用于大型离心机超重力场下的地质构造物理模拟实验装置，其特征在于：所述的曲面台(2)为实验操作台面，上面放置实验材料及模型，所述的曲面台(2)采用铝合金材料制成。
  6. 根据权利要求1所述的一种用于大型离心机超重力场下的地质构造物理模拟实验装置，其特征在于：所述的固定挡板(9)的两端底部固定连接有滑块 (10)，滑块(10)嵌装滑动导轨(8)上。
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