WO2020094925A1 - Composition antimousse à haut rendement - Google Patents
Composition antimousse à haut rendement Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- WO2020094925A1 WO2020094925A1 PCT/FI2019/050792 FI2019050792W WO2020094925A1 WO 2020094925 A1 WO2020094925 A1 WO 2020094925A1 FI 2019050792 W FI2019050792 W FI 2019050792W WO 2020094925 A1 WO2020094925 A1 WO 2020094925A1
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- WIPO (PCT)
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- composition
- alkoxylated
- hba
- hbd
- hydrogen bond
- Prior art date
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Classifications
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
- B01D—SEPARATION
- B01D19/00—Degasification of liquids
- B01D19/02—Foam dispersion or prevention
- B01D19/04—Foam dispersion or prevention by addition of chemical substances
- B01D19/0404—Foam dispersion or prevention by addition of chemical substances characterised by the nature of the chemical substance
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
- B01D—SEPARATION
- B01D19/00—Degasification of liquids
- B01D19/02—Foam dispersion or prevention
- B01D19/04—Foam dispersion or prevention by addition of chemical substances
- B01D19/0404—Foam dispersion or prevention by addition of chemical substances characterised by the nature of the chemical substance
- B01D19/0413—Foam dispersion or prevention by addition of chemical substances characterised by the nature of the chemical substance compounds containing N-atoms
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
- B01D—SEPARATION
- B01D19/00—Degasification of liquids
- B01D19/02—Foam dispersion or prevention
- B01D19/04—Foam dispersion or prevention by addition of chemical substances
- B01D19/0404—Foam dispersion or prevention by addition of chemical substances characterised by the nature of the chemical substance
- B01D19/0427—Foam dispersion or prevention by addition of chemical substances characterised by the nature of the chemical substance compounds containing halogen-atoms
Definitions
- This invention relates to a defoamer composition, its use as well as a method for preparing a defoamer composition.
- the defoamer composition is especially suitable for pulp and paper industry, as well as in any other processing industry where foaming is a significant issue, problem or a hurdle.
- Defoamers are widely used in many industries including but not limited to pulp, paper, petroleum, textile and mining industries, water treatment, paints and coatings, food and beverage processing, and agriculture.
- Defoamers are generally composed of a defoaming agent, such as, but not limited to ethylene bis(stearamides) (EBS) and/or hydrophobic silica, a carrier fluid, and other miscellaneous additives.
- a defoaming agent such as, but not limited to ethylene bis(stearamides) (EBS) and/or hydrophobic silica
- carrier fluid such as, but not limited to ethylene bis(stearamides) (EBS) and/or hydrophobic silica
- miscellaneous additives such as, but not limited to ethylene bis(stearamides) (EBS) and/or hydrophobic silica, a carrier fluid, and other miscellaneous additives.
- Defoamers have primarily two functions, these functions being defoaming and anti- foaming. Knockdown and longevity of defoamers provide important information about the performance of defoamers. Upon formation of foam in a solution the density of the solution decreases. Addition of a defoamer breaks the foam and the density of the solution increases again. The rate of the increase of the density due to the addition of a defoamer indicates how fast the defoamer acts, which is called the knockdown phase. The quicker the knockdown, the more efficient the defoamer is. However, the defoaming effect is temporary and with time the defoamer begins to lose its efficacy and the density starts dropping again as the foam starts to regenerate.
- the longevity of or persistence of a defoamer indicates how long the defoamer works. The longer the longevity or persistence of a defoamer, the more efficient the defoamer is. An ideal defoamer would have fast knockdown and long longevity or will persist over long time i.e. foam would disappear quickly upon addition of the defoamer and it would take longer time for the foam to regenerate.
- silicone based defoamers present themselves with inherent challenges and issues. These challenges are, in part, characterized by environmental and regulatory, carry over/deposit and cost efficiency issues and are further related to complex manufacturing processes.
- these challenges are, in part, characterized by environmental and regulatory, carry over/deposit and cost efficiency issues and are further related to complex manufacturing processes.
- hydrophobic components such as silicone compounds in the process. Hydrophobic components exhibit a tendency to stick on the fiber, and excess amounts of hydrophobic components would necessitate additional washing steps later in the process. Therefore, the amounts of hydrophobic components in the end fiber need to be limited and an excess amount of silicone based defoamers cannot be a reliable solution to limited longevity of the defoamers.
- EP 0404317 discloses a use of ethoxylated propoxylated alcohols to prevent or reduce foam in fermentation broths.
- US 6,462,014 discloses hydrotropic alkoxylated quaternary ammonium with non- ionic surfactant based on branched alcohols.
- One objective of the present invention is to provide solutions to the problems encountered in the prior art.
- Another objective of the present invention is to provide an effective and environmentally friendly defoamer, which displays long longevity and fast knockdown phase.
- a typical environmentally friendly hydrophobic defoamer composition according to the present invention comprises a deep eutectic solvent comprising a quaternary ammonium salt as a hydrogen bond acceptor (HBA) and an alkoxylated fatty alcohol as a hydrogen bond donor (HBD).
- HBA hydrogen bond acceptor
- HBD hydrogen bond donor
- a typical method according to the present invention for preparing an environmentally friendly hydrophobic defoamer composition according to the invention comprises reacting a quaternary ammonium salt as a hydrogen bond acceptor (HBA) with an alkoxylated fatty alcohol as a hydrogen bond donor (HBD) at an elevated temperature, preferably under continuous stirring.
- HBA hydrogen bond acceptor
- HBD hydrogen bond donor
- Typical use according to the present invention of a defoamer composition according to the invention is for decreasing foam formation in manufacture of pulp, paper, board, tissue or the like.
- this is the first time that hydrophobic deep eutectic solvents are used for defoaming purposes, especially in manufacture of pulp, paper, board, tissue or the like.
- the current embodiments of the instant invention now propose and set forth a hydrophobic deep eutectic solvent defoamer using a hydrogen bond acceptor (HBA) and a hydrogen bond donor (HBD) with better defoaming properties as compared to ester based defoamers.
- HBA hydrogen bond acceptor
- HBD hydrogen bond donor
- FIG. 1A shows a Foam and Entrained Air Test (FEAT) graph, density versus time profile at 60°C for the compositions D-FI3-1 -2hrs, D-FI3-2, DES-FI2, D-FI3-1 -4hrs and the commercial defoamer reference FT 2543 in accordance with some embodiments of the current invention
- FIG. 1 B shows the performance of the compositions D-FI3-1-2hrs, D-FI3-2, D-FI3-1 -4hrs, Des-FI2, and FT 2543 as measured by Area Under Curve (AUC) at 30 seconds and 3 minutes.
- AUC Area Under Curve
- FIG. 2A shows a Foam and Entrained Air Test (FEAT) graph, density versus time profile at 60°C for the compositions AD-6, AD-7, AD-8 and the commercial defoamer reference FT 2543 in accordance with some embodiments of the current invention and FIG. 2B shows the performance of the compositions AD-6, AD-7, AD-8, and FT 2543 as measured by Area Under Curve (AUC) at 30 seconds and 3 minutes.
- FEAT Foam and Entrained Air Test
- Foaming is a common problem in many industrial processes, especially in pulp washing processes and papermaking operations, where foam can prevent the proper formation of the finished paper and disrupt manufacturing operations.
- Commercially available defoamers although generally having fast knockdown, however, have limited longevity or persistence. Once the defoamer loses its efficacy, the density of the medium decreases and foam starts to regenerate. Adding more defoamer is not a solution to increase the defoaming effect because excess amounts of hydrophobic particles would lead to carryover on the final fiber and require additional washing steps.
- a defoamer composition comprising hydrophobic deep eutectic solvent composed of a quaternary ammonium salt, preferably an alkyl dimethyl benzyl ammonium chloride, used as a hydrogen bond acceptor (HBA) and an alkoxylated fatty alcohol, used as a hydrogen bond donor (HBD).
- HBA hydrogen bond acceptor
- HBD hydrogen bond donor
- the defoamer composition according to the invention performs well as a defoamer and shows improved performance when compared to commonly used ester based defoamers. It is surprisingly found that the chemical defoaming efficacy of the defoamer composition is superior compared to conventionally used ester based defoamers.
- novel hydrophobic defoamer compositions comprising deep eutectic solvents present themselves by being devoid of the significant undeniable challenges equally faced with silicone based defoamers.
- a better defoaming performance of the composition compared to an ester based defoamer reference is verified at a temperature of 60° C, by determining the density of a mixture medium as a function of time, the mixture medium including a foaming medium, for example paper mill white water.
- an improved defoaming performance of the composition compared to a silicone based defoamer reference is tested at a temperature of 60° C, by determining the density of a mixture medium as a function of time, the mixture medium including a foaming medium, for example paper mill white water.
- the hydrogen bond acceptor may be selected from various quaternary ammonium salts acting as the hydrogen bond acceptor.
- the quaternary ammonium salt may be selected from alkyl dialkyl benzyl ammonium halide salts, tetraalkyl ammonium halide salts and alkoxylated quaternary ammonium compounds.
- the quaternary ammonium salt may be an C8-C18 alkyl dialkyl benzyl ammonium halide salt, more preferably C12-C18 alkyl dialkyl benzyl ammonium halide salt.
- the quaternary ammonium salt may be an alkyl dimethyl benzyl ammonium halide salt, preferably C8-C18 alkyl dimethyl benzyl ammonium halide salt, more preferably C12-C18 alkyl dimethyl benzyl ammonium halide salt.
- the quaternary ammonium salt may be a tetraalkyl ammonium halide salt, where at least three of the alkyl groups have a chain length of 4 - 8 carbon atoms.
- the halide salt may be, for example, chlorine, bromide, fluoride or iodine.
- the quaternary ammonium salt (HBA) may be selected from the group consisting of, but not limited to, tetrabutylammoniumchloride, tetraheptylammonium chloride, tetraoctylammonium chloride, tetraoctylammonium bromide, methyltrioctylammonium chloride, alkyl dimethyl benzyl ammonium chloride, and methyltrioctylammonium bromide.
- the quaternary ammonium salt is selected from alkoxylated quaternary ammonium compounds, such as monoethoxylated ammonium compounds, ethoxylated ammonium compounds or bis(ethoxylated) ammonium compounds, for example ethyl bis(polyethoxyethanol) tallow ammonium ethosulfate.
- the quaternary ammonium salt may be ethyl bis(polyethoxyethanol) tallow ammonium ethosulfate.
- the hydrogen bond donor may be chosen from various alkoxylated fatty alcohols capable of acting as a hydrogen bond donor.
- the alkoxylated fatty alcohol may be selected from alkoxylated C10- C18 fatty alcohols or mixtures of alkoxylated C10-C18 fatty alcohols.
- the alkoxylated fatty alcohol is a mixture of alkoxylated C16-C18 fatty alcohols or the alkoxylated fatty alcohol is a mixture of alkoxylated C12-C14 fatty alcohols.
- the defoamer composition may have an HBD/HBA ratio (weight ratio) ranging from 3:1 to 20:1 , preferably from 5:1 to 9:1 .
- the defoamer composition comprises C12- C18 alkyl dimethyl benzyl ammonium chloride as hydrogen bond acceptor and a mixture of alkoxylated C16-C18 fatty alcohols as hydrogen bond donor.
- a mixture of these components, the HBD/HBA weight ratio being 9.0:1 is heated under reaction conditions of an elevated temperature for 2 hours or 4 hours.
- the defoamer composition comprises C12-C18 alkyl dimethyl benzyl ammonium chloride as hydrogen bond acceptor and a mixture of alkoxylated C16-C18 fatty alcohols as hydrogen bond donor.
- the HBD/HBA weight ratio may be 18.0:1 or 5.0:1 , and the mixture is heated at an elevated temperature for 2 hours.
- the defoamer composition comprises C12-C18 alkyl dimethyl benzyl ammonium chloride as hydrogen bond acceptor and a mixture of alkoxylated C12-C14 fatty alcohols as hydrogen bond donor.
- the HBD/HBA weight ratio may be from 3.0:1 to 10.0, for example 10.0:1 or 5.0:1 or 3.0:1 , and the mixture is heated at 80 °C for 2 hours.
- the defoamer composition preferably comprises less than 10 weight-%, more preferably less than 5 weight-%, even more preferably less than 2.5 weight-%, sometimes even less than 1 weight-%, of water. According to one preferable embodiment the defoamer composition is substantially water-free.
- an HBA may be added to an HBD in order to form a mixture either continuously and/or at certain intervals in order to form a eutectic mixture.
- the HBD may be added to the HBA either continuously and/or at certain intervals.
- the amount of HBA/HBD added, the time interval, and the time duration of addition depend on factors including but not limited to the components being used.
- the HBA can be added in multiple batches to the HBD. In some embodiments the HBA is added before the HBD. In certain embodiments the HBA is added after the HBD. In other embodiments the HBA and the HBD are added at the same time simultaneously and separately. In yet other embodiments the HBA is added both before and after the HBD. In yet other embodiments the HBA is added before and at the same time as of the HBD. In some embodiments the HBA is added at the same time and after the HBD. According to some embodiments the HBA is added before, after and at the same time as of the HBD.
- the defoamer composition is prepared by reacting the hydrogen bond acceptor (HBA) with the hydrogen bond donor (HBD) at elevated temperature, which may be in a range of 50 - 90 °C, preferably 70 - 90 °C, more preferably 80 - 90 °C.
- HBA hydrogen bond acceptor
- HBD hydrogen bond donor
- the reaction temperature of the of HBA and HBD added separately but simultaneously to form a mixture is at least 80°C.
- the reaction between the hydrogen bond donor and the hydrogen bond acceptor may be conducted at the elevated temperature, preferably by mixing under continuous stirring, with a reaction time of at least 30 minutes, preferably of at least 1 .5 hours.
- the reaction is conducted with a reaction time of HBA and HBD of at least 2 hours.
- the reaction is carried out with a reaction time of HBA and HBD of at least 2.5 hours.
- the reaction is carried out with a reaction time of HBA and HBD of at least 3.0 hours.
- the reaction is carried out with a reaction time of HBA and HBD of at least 3.5 hours.
- the reaction is carried out with a reaction time of HBA and HBD of at least 4.0 hours.
- the reaction time may be 30 - 300 min, preferably 60 - 240 min, more preferably 120 - 240 min.
- the environmentally friendly hydrophobic defoamer composition may be prepared by a method including mixing a C12-C18 alkyl dimethyl benzyl ammonium chloride, used as a hydrogen bond acceptor (HBA), with a C16-C18 alkoxylated fatty alcohol, used as a hydrogen bond donor (HBD), under continuous stirring.
- the mixing may be conducted at a temperature ranging from 80°C - 90°C for 100 - 120 minutes.
- the environmentally friendly hydrophobic defoamer composition may be prepared by a method including mixing a C12-C18 alkyl dimethyl benzyl ammonium chloride, used as a hydrogen bond acceptor (HBA), with a C12-C14 alkoxylated alcohol, used as a hydrogen bond donor (HBD), under continuous stirring.
- the mixing may be conducted at a temperature ranging from 50 °C - 90 °C for 30 - 180 minutes, preferably at a temperature ranging from 70 °C - 80 °C for 60 - 120 minutes.
- the main target to treat and thereby defoam is an industrial process liquid medium including various liquids, slurries and suspensions, preferably a liquid, slurry or suspension derived from the pulp and paper industry.
- the method for controlling foam in papermaking process comprises the steps of adding to a pulp slurry and/or suspension a defoamer composition disclosed herein.
- the defoamer can be added to the liquid, slurry or suspension continuously and/or at certain intervals. Amounts of the defoamer added, time interval, and time duration of addition depend on, factors including but not limited to, amount of the liquid, slurry or suspension to be treated, properties and components of the liquid, slurry or suspension, amount of foam, foaming susceptibility of the liquid, slurry or suspension and on the process itself.
- the defoamer composition may be added to a liquid medium in amount of 10 - 50 ppm, preferably 15 - 45 ppm, more preferably 20 - 30 ppm, especially in processes related to manufacture of pulp or paper.
- composition and methods of the present invention can in reality be practiced in any industrial process, in which foaming is a concern, including but not limited to process streams commonly encountered when processing or manufacturing wood pulp, paper, textiles, cement or paint, in addition to processes for treating industrial wastewater, food processing, and oil drilling.
- composition and methods can be used practically with any industrial water system or liquid medium where foaming is a problem, but are particularly well-adapted to recirculating water systems as found in the following but not limited to papermaking systems, cooling water systems (including cooling towers, open and closed loop cooling units), industrial raw water systems, drinking water distribution systems, sanitizing drinking water system, oil production or recovery systems (oil field water system, drilling fluids), fuel storage system, metal working systems, heat exchangers, reactors, equipment used for storing and handling liquids, boilers and related steam generating units, radiators, flash evaporating units, refrigeration units, reverse osmosis equipment, gas scrubbing units, blast furnaces, sugar evaporating units, steam power plants, geothermal units, nuclear cooling units, water treatment units, pool recirculating units, mining circuits, closed loop heating units, machining fluids used in operations such as for example drilling, boring, milling, reaming, drawing, broaching, turning, cutting, sewing, grinding, thread cutting, shaping, spinning and rolling, hydraulic fluids,
- solvent refers to a substance that dissolves a solute, e.g. chemically distinct liquid, solid or gas, thereby resulting in a solution.
- a solvent is usually a liquid but can equally also be a solid, a gas, or a supercritical fluid. The quantity of solute that can dissolve in a specific volume of solvent varies with temperature.
- deep eutectic solvent denotes a liquid, which is a mixture of two or more individual components, which has a melting point below the melting points of the individual pure components.
- a deep eutectic solvent is usually prepared by mixing the individual components under elevated temperature, which leads to self-association of the components probably through hydrogen bond interactions.
- deep eutectic solvents have melting point ⁇ 100 °C, and preferably they are in liquid form at temperature 20 - 40 °C.
- defoamers are chemicals that break foam after it has been formed and/or prevent foam formation, also otherwise known as anti-foam agents and/or remove air bubbles from a liquid and helps them to rise to the surface, also otherwise known as air release agents.
- Defoaming composition of the present invention prevents, controls and/or reduces foaming. Prevention of foaming means not letting the foam being formed, control of foaming means limiting amount of foam to certain extent or amount depending on the process, reduction of foaming means a decrease in the amount of foam.
- Defoaming composition of components of the current invention are to be used to treat aqueous liquids susceptible to foaming and/or foam containing aqueous liquids. Treating the liquids with the defoamers is achieved by adding the defoamer to the liquids or vice versa.
- a group of items linked with the conjunction“and” should not be read as requiring that each and every one of those items be present in the grouping, but rather should be read as“and/or” unless expressly stated otherwise.
- a group of items linked with the conjunction“or” should not be read as requiring mutual exclusivity among that group, but rather should also be read as“and/or” unless expressly stated otherwise.
- the presence of broadening words and phrases such as“one or more,”“at least,”“but not limited to,” or other like phrases in some instances shall not be read to mean that the narrower case is intended or required in instances, wherein such broadening phrases may be absent.
- FEAT test employs a testing apparatus, which used to determine the efficacy of defoamer compositions in a laboratory setting.
- the apparatus measures the change in the density as a function of time of the filtrate as the defoamer composition is introduced.
- the measure of the change in density of a filtrate is a direct measurement of the change in entrained air. In pulp and paper mills, for example, presence of entrained air can disturb sheet formation and drainage.
- the experimental set up contains a water bath, temperature control, a foam column, a micropump, a density meter, a computer, and acquisition software. Testing of the samples utilizes a recirculatory foam column attached to a pump. The hose leading from the pump is connected to a density meter, which is connected back to the top of the foam column. The foaming medium is added to the test unit and pumped through the unit to fill the lines. Once the pump is turned on and the density drops due to air entrainment, a defoamer composition is added. The test is run for a predetermined time and adequate number of data points are collected by the data acquisition software. A line graph is generated to show the change in density of the liquor of the time period. The area under the curve for each test is then calculated. Those samples having the highest area under the curve measurements are those samples that performed the best.
- the density then only dropped to approximately 0.945 g/cm 3 for D-H3-2 but not for D-H3-1-2hrs, D-H3-1 -4hrs and Des-H2.
- these compositions not only displayed an increased efficacy in defoaming the medium compared to the commercial defoamer standard reference product FT 2543, but they also sustained the longevity of defoaming the medium, as a drop in the density was not observed in the tested time-frame of the medium.
- Example 2 Efficacy of AD-6 and AD-7 defoamer compositions increased compared to the commercial defoamer standard reference product FT 2543
- AD-6 and AD-7 were better at defoaming the medium compared to the commercial defoamer standard reference product FT 2543, as the graphs were consistently higher than for FT 2543.
- the performance as measured by Area Under Curve (AUC) confirmed these findings, where AD-6 and AD-7 exhibited an increased defoaming property compared to FT 2543, as the bars were higher except for AD-8 as displayed in FIG. 2B after 30 seconds and 3 minutes.
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Abstract
La présente invention concerne une composition antimousse hydrophobe écologique, comprenant un solvant eutectique profond comprenant un sel d'ammonium quaternaire en tant qu'accepteur de liaison hydrogène (HBA) et un alcool gras alcoxylé en tant que donneur de liaison hydrogène (HBD). L'invention concerne l'utilisation de la composition antimousse et un procédé de fabrication de celle-ci.
Applications Claiming Priority (4)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
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US201862757369P | 2018-11-08 | 2018-11-08 | |
US62/757,369 | 2018-11-08 | ||
FI20186081 | 2018-12-14 | ||
FI20186081 | 2018-12-14 |
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WO2020094925A1 true WO2020094925A1 (fr) | 2020-05-14 |
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PCT/FI2019/050792 WO2020094925A1 (fr) | 2018-11-08 | 2019-11-07 | Composition antimousse à haut rendement |
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Cited By (1)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
CN112899313A (zh) * | 2021-03-23 | 2021-06-04 | 华南理工大学 | 一种酸性低共熔溶剂及制备与在预处理秸秆提高酶解效率中的应用 |
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EP0404317A2 (fr) | 1989-06-22 | 1990-12-27 | Petrolite Corporation | Utilisation d'alcools éthoxylés et propoxylés pour empêcher ou réduire l'écume des bouillons de fermentation |
US6462014B1 (en) | 2001-04-09 | 2002-10-08 | Akzo Nobel N.V. | Low foaming/defoaming compositions containing alkoxylated quaternary ammonium compounds |
EP2679311A1 (fr) * | 2012-06-30 | 2014-01-01 | Clariant S.A., Brazil | Prévention de mousse dans le processus de flottation inverse pour purifier le carbonate de calcium |
WO2014179127A1 (fr) * | 2013-04-28 | 2014-11-06 | Ecolab Usa Inc. | Additif antimousse sous forme d'émulsion à base de biodiesel et procédé pour la fabrication de celui-ci |
US20160184740A1 (en) * | 2014-12-30 | 2016-06-30 | Kemira Oyj | Defoaming compositions comprising hydroxy terminated siloxanes and methods of making and using the same |
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2019
- 2019-11-07 WO PCT/FI2019/050792 patent/WO2020094925A1/fr active Application Filing
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EP0404317A2 (fr) | 1989-06-22 | 1990-12-27 | Petrolite Corporation | Utilisation d'alcools éthoxylés et propoxylés pour empêcher ou réduire l'écume des bouillons de fermentation |
US6462014B1 (en) | 2001-04-09 | 2002-10-08 | Akzo Nobel N.V. | Low foaming/defoaming compositions containing alkoxylated quaternary ammonium compounds |
EP2679311A1 (fr) * | 2012-06-30 | 2014-01-01 | Clariant S.A., Brazil | Prévention de mousse dans le processus de flottation inverse pour purifier le carbonate de calcium |
WO2014179127A1 (fr) * | 2013-04-28 | 2014-11-06 | Ecolab Usa Inc. | Additif antimousse sous forme d'émulsion à base de biodiesel et procédé pour la fabrication de celui-ci |
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CAO ET AL., ACS SUSTAINABLE CHEM. ENG., vol. 5, no. 4, 2017, pages 3270 - 3278 |
FLORINDO ET AL., ACS SUSTAINABLE CHEM. ENG., vol. 6, no. 3, 2018, pages 3888 - 3894 |
FLORINDO ET AL., FLUID PHASE EQUILIBRIA, vol. 448, 2017, pages 135 - 142 |
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Cited By (1)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
CN112899313A (zh) * | 2021-03-23 | 2021-06-04 | 华南理工大学 | 一种酸性低共熔溶剂及制备与在预处理秸秆提高酶解效率中的应用 |
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