WO2020093514A1 - 显示面板组件及显示装置 - Google Patents

显示面板组件及显示装置 Download PDF

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Publication number
WO2020093514A1
WO2020093514A1 PCT/CN2018/120581 CN2018120581W WO2020093514A1 WO 2020093514 A1 WO2020093514 A1 WO 2020093514A1 CN 2018120581 W CN2018120581 W CN 2018120581W WO 2020093514 A1 WO2020093514 A1 WO 2020093514A1
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Prior art keywords
viewing angle
electrode
display panel
liquid crystal
panel assembly
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PCT/CN2018/120581
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English (en)
French (fr)
Inventor
李嘉航
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惠科股份有限公司
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Publication of WO2020093514A1 publication Critical patent/WO2020093514A1/zh

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    • G—PHYSICS
    • G02—OPTICS
    • G02F—OPTICAL DEVICES OR ARRANGEMENTS FOR THE CONTROL OF LIGHT BY MODIFICATION OF THE OPTICAL PROPERTIES OF THE MEDIA OF THE ELEMENTS INVOLVED THEREIN; NON-LINEAR OPTICS; FREQUENCY-CHANGING OF LIGHT; OPTICAL LOGIC ELEMENTS; OPTICAL ANALOGUE/DIGITAL CONVERTERS
    • G02F1/00—Devices or arrangements for the control of the intensity, colour, phase, polarisation or direction of light arriving from an independent light source, e.g. switching, gating or modulating; Non-linear optics
    • G02F1/01—Devices or arrangements for the control of the intensity, colour, phase, polarisation or direction of light arriving from an independent light source, e.g. switching, gating or modulating; Non-linear optics for the control of the intensity, phase, polarisation or colour 
    • G02F1/13—Devices or arrangements for the control of the intensity, colour, phase, polarisation or direction of light arriving from an independent light source, e.g. switching, gating or modulating; Non-linear optics for the control of the intensity, phase, polarisation or colour  based on liquid crystals, e.g. single liquid crystal display cells
    • G02F1/133—Constructional arrangements; Operation of liquid crystal cells; Circuit arrangements
    • G02F1/1333—Constructional arrangements; Manufacturing methods
    • G02F1/1343—Electrodes
    • G02F1/134309—Electrodes characterised by their geometrical arrangement
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G02—OPTICS
    • G02F—OPTICAL DEVICES OR ARRANGEMENTS FOR THE CONTROL OF LIGHT BY MODIFICATION OF THE OPTICAL PROPERTIES OF THE MEDIA OF THE ELEMENTS INVOLVED THEREIN; NON-LINEAR OPTICS; FREQUENCY-CHANGING OF LIGHT; OPTICAL LOGIC ELEMENTS; OPTICAL ANALOGUE/DIGITAL CONVERTERS
    • G02F1/00—Devices or arrangements for the control of the intensity, colour, phase, polarisation or direction of light arriving from an independent light source, e.g. switching, gating or modulating; Non-linear optics
    • G02F1/01—Devices or arrangements for the control of the intensity, colour, phase, polarisation or direction of light arriving from an independent light source, e.g. switching, gating or modulating; Non-linear optics for the control of the intensity, phase, polarisation or colour 
    • G02F1/13—Devices or arrangements for the control of the intensity, colour, phase, polarisation or direction of light arriving from an independent light source, e.g. switching, gating or modulating; Non-linear optics for the control of the intensity, phase, polarisation or colour  based on liquid crystals, e.g. single liquid crystal display cells
    • G02F1/1323—Arrangements for providing a switchable viewing angle
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G02—OPTICS
    • G02F—OPTICAL DEVICES OR ARRANGEMENTS FOR THE CONTROL OF LIGHT BY MODIFICATION OF THE OPTICAL PROPERTIES OF THE MEDIA OF THE ELEMENTS INVOLVED THEREIN; NON-LINEAR OPTICS; FREQUENCY-CHANGING OF LIGHT; OPTICAL LOGIC ELEMENTS; OPTICAL ANALOGUE/DIGITAL CONVERTERS
    • G02F1/00—Devices or arrangements for the control of the intensity, colour, phase, polarisation or direction of light arriving from an independent light source, e.g. switching, gating or modulating; Non-linear optics
    • G02F1/01—Devices or arrangements for the control of the intensity, colour, phase, polarisation or direction of light arriving from an independent light source, e.g. switching, gating or modulating; Non-linear optics for the control of the intensity, phase, polarisation or colour 
    • G02F1/13—Devices or arrangements for the control of the intensity, colour, phase, polarisation or direction of light arriving from an independent light source, e.g. switching, gating or modulating; Non-linear optics for the control of the intensity, phase, polarisation or colour  based on liquid crystals, e.g. single liquid crystal display cells
    • G02F1/133—Constructional arrangements; Operation of liquid crystal cells; Circuit arrangements
    • G02F1/1333—Constructional arrangements; Manufacturing methods
    • G02F1/1334—Constructional arrangements; Manufacturing methods based on polymer dispersed liquid crystals, e.g. microencapsulated liquid crystals
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G02—OPTICS
    • G02F—OPTICAL DEVICES OR ARRANGEMENTS FOR THE CONTROL OF LIGHT BY MODIFICATION OF THE OPTICAL PROPERTIES OF THE MEDIA OF THE ELEMENTS INVOLVED THEREIN; NON-LINEAR OPTICS; FREQUENCY-CHANGING OF LIGHT; OPTICAL LOGIC ELEMENTS; OPTICAL ANALOGUE/DIGITAL CONVERTERS
    • G02F1/00—Devices or arrangements for the control of the intensity, colour, phase, polarisation or direction of light arriving from an independent light source, e.g. switching, gating or modulating; Non-linear optics
    • G02F1/01—Devices or arrangements for the control of the intensity, colour, phase, polarisation or direction of light arriving from an independent light source, e.g. switching, gating or modulating; Non-linear optics for the control of the intensity, phase, polarisation or colour 
    • G02F1/13—Devices or arrangements for the control of the intensity, colour, phase, polarisation or direction of light arriving from an independent light source, e.g. switching, gating or modulating; Non-linear optics for the control of the intensity, phase, polarisation or colour  based on liquid crystals, e.g. single liquid crystal display cells
    • G02F1/133—Constructional arrangements; Operation of liquid crystal cells; Circuit arrangements
    • G02F1/1333—Constructional arrangements; Manufacturing methods
    • G02F1/1334—Constructional arrangements; Manufacturing methods based on polymer dispersed liquid crystals, e.g. microencapsulated liquid crystals
    • G02F1/13345—Network or three-dimensional gels

Definitions

  • the present application relates to the field of display technology, in particular to a display panel assembly and a display device.
  • Liquid crystal display is a commonly used electronic device. Because of its low power consumption, small size and light weight, it is widely favored by users.
  • the LCD includes TN (Twisted Nematic) mode, VA (Vertical Alignment) mode, IPS (In-P1ane Switching) mode, etc. according to the display mode.
  • TN Transmission Nematic
  • VA Very Alignment
  • IPS In-P1ane Switching
  • the display mode taking the VA mode as an example, it has the advantages of wide viewing angle, high contrast and no need for friction alignment, etc. It has become a commonly used display mode, but it also brings the problems of severe color cast and reduced contrast at large viewing angles, which is Because the liquid crystal molecules in the VA mode are arranged perpendicular to the upper and lower glasses in the dark state, a certain tilt occurs after the voltage is applied. Due to the different birefringence effects of the liquid crystal molecules in the VA mode, the light at the left and right viewing angles has different phase differences.
  • the picture Under the best contrast and brightness, under a large viewing angle, the picture is more prone to color wash-out.
  • the viewing angle compensation technology of the polarizer can be used to improve the picture quality of the large viewing angle in the VA mode, it inevitably reduces the optical performance under the positive viewing angle, which causes the utilization of the light of the backlight in most use cases. Lower.
  • An object of the present application is to provide a display panel assembly, including but not limited to improving the image quality of a liquid crystal display panel at a large viewing angle and taking into account the image quality at different viewing angles.
  • a display panel assembly including:
  • the display panel including the light exit surface, is set as the display screen
  • a viewing angle compensation film provided on the light exit surface of the display panel, includes a first electrode, a second electrode, and a viewing angle compensation liquid crystal layer interposed between the first electrode and the second electrode;
  • the viewing angle adjusting element is configured to obtain the viewing angle of the user, and adjust the voltage applied between the first electrode and the second electrode according to the viewing angle to change the viewing angle to compensate the diffusivity of the liquid crystal layer.
  • the viewing angle compensation film further includes an upper substrate and a lower substrate disposed opposite to the upper substrate; the first electrode is disposed on a side of the upper substrate close to the lower substrate, the first The two electrodes are provided on the side of the lower substrate close to the upper substrate.
  • the first electrode or the second electrode is one-dimensionally arranged, and includes a plurality of strip electrodes parallel to each other and arranged at intervals.
  • any one of the first electrode and the second electrode is disposed close to the display panel.
  • the width of the gap between the strip electrodes is less than or equal to 50 microns, and the width of the strip electrodes is less than or equal to 50 microns.
  • the first electrode or the second electrode is two-dimensionally arranged, and includes a plurality of block electrodes arranged in an array.
  • the width of the gap between the bulk electrodes is less than or equal to 50 microns, the width of the bulk electrode is less than or equal to 50 microns, and the length of the bulk electrode is less than or equal to 50 microns.
  • the viewing angle adjustment element includes:
  • An image capturing element provided on at least one side of the display panel, configured to capture the position of the user and calculate the viewing angle between the user and the normal of the display panel;
  • a voltage controller is connected between the image capturing element and the viewing angle compensation film, and adjusts the voltage input to the viewing angle compensation liquid crystal film according to the observation angle.
  • the image capturing element includes at least one first camera configured to obtain a horizontal viewing angle between the user and the display panel.
  • the image capturing element further includes at least one second camera configured to obtain a vertical viewing angle between the user and the display panel.
  • the first camera and the second camera are both charge coupled element cameras or complementary metal oxide semiconductor cameras.
  • the viewing angle compensation film is a polymer-dispersed liquid crystal film, and the liquid crystal molecules in the viewing angle compensation liquid crystal layer are dispersed in the polymer network in the form of liquid crystal droplets.
  • the liquid crystal molecules in the viewing angle compensation liquid crystal layer are nematic liquid crystals with a refractive index between 1.4 and 1.52, and the refractive index of the polymer in the viewing angle compensation liquid crystal layer is 1.4 to 1.52.
  • Another object of the present application is to provide a display panel assembly, including:
  • the display panel including the light exit surface, is set as the display screen
  • a viewing angle compensation film provided on the light exit surface of the display panel, includes a first electrode, a second electrode, and a viewing angle compensation liquid crystal layer interposed between the first electrode and the second electrode;
  • the viewing angle adjusting element is set to obtain the viewing angle of the user, and adjust the voltage applied between the first electrode and the second electrode according to the viewing angle to change the viewing angle to compensate the diffusivity of the liquid crystal layer;
  • the viewing angle adjusting element adjusts the voltage applied between the first electrode and the second electrode to be 0V-10V.
  • Still another object of the present application is to provide a display device including a display panel assembly and a backlight module provided on the backlight input side of the display panel; the display panel assembly includes:
  • the display panel including the light exit surface, is set as the display screen
  • a viewing angle compensation film provided on the light exit surface of the display panel, includes a first electrode, a second electrode, and a viewing angle compensation liquid crystal layer interposed between the first electrode and the second electrode;
  • the viewing angle adjusting element is configured to obtain the viewing angle of the user, and adjust the voltage applied between the first electrode and the second electrode according to the viewing angle to change the viewing angle to compensate the diffusivity of the liquid crystal layer.
  • the voltage input to the backlight module is different from the voltage input to the viewing angle compensation film.
  • the voltage input to the backlight module and the voltage input to the viewing angle compensation film can also be adjusted independently.
  • the viewing angle adjusting element adjusts the voltage applied between the first electrode and the second electrode to be 0V-10V.
  • the full width at half maximum of the light field of the backlight module is within ⁇ 10 degrees.
  • a viewing angle compensation film is provided in front of the light exit surface of the display panel, the viewing angle adjustment element obtains the viewing angle between the user and the display panel, and the application to the display panel is controlled according to the viewing angle
  • the voltage between the first electrode and the second electrode to change the diffusivity of the viewing angle compensation film, so that the diffusivity of the viewing angle compensation film can dynamically change in real time according to the viewing angle, improving the user experience when a large viewing angle is required
  • the viewing angle adjustment element controls the viewing angle compensation film to increase diffusivity.
  • the viewing angle compensation film When a small viewing angle is required, the viewing angle compensation film reduces diffusivity to reduce the waste of light at a large angle, not only satisfying a large viewing angle but also observing a good
  • the display screen can also avoid the deterioration of the display screen quality when a large viewing angle is not required, taking into account the different viewing angles and the image quality under different viewing angles, and improving the display effect.
  • the diffusivity of the viewing angle compensation film changes dynamically in real time according to the viewing angle, which not only satisfies a large viewing angle but also a good display image, but also avoids the degradation of the display image quality when a large viewing angle is not required , Taking into account the different viewing angles and the image quality under different viewing angles, to improve the display effect.
  • FIG. 1 is a schematic structural diagram of a display panel assembly provided by an embodiment of the present application.
  • FIG. 2 is a schematic structural diagram of a viewing angle compensation film in a display panel assembly provided by an embodiment of the present application
  • FIG. 3 is a schematic diagram of the viewing angle of the display panel assembly provided by the embodiment of the present application.
  • FIG. 6 is a schematic structural diagram of a first electrode of a viewing angle compensation film in a display panel assembly provided by an embodiment
  • FIG. 7 is a schematic view of the diffusion of the viewing angle compensation film corresponding to the first electrode structure shown in FIG. 6 in one direction;
  • FIG. 8 is a schematic view of the diffusion of the viewing angle compensation film corresponding to the first electrode structure shown in FIG. 6 in another direction;
  • FIG. 9 is a schematic diagram of the equivalent refractive index of the first electrode structure shown in FIG. 6 corresponding to the viewing angle compensation film;
  • FIG. 10 is another schematic structural diagram of a first electrode of a viewing angle compensation film in a display panel assembly provided by an embodiment of the present application;
  • FIG. 11 is a schematic diagram of the equivalent refractive index of the first electrode structure shown in FIG. 10 corresponding to the viewing angle compensation film;
  • FIG. 12 is a schematic structural diagram of a display device provided by an embodiment of the present application.
  • the present application first provides a display panel assembly 1, which includes a display panel 10, a viewing angle compensation film 11 disposed on a light exit surface of the display panel 10, and a viewing angle adjustment element.
  • the display panel 10 may be a liquid crystal display panel 10, including a lower polarizer 101, an array substrate 102, a liquid crystal layer 103, a color filter substrate 104, and an upper polarizer 105 that are sequentially stacked, or an OLED (Organic Light-Emitting Diode, organic light emitting Diode) display panel 10.
  • the liquid crystal display panel 10 may be a liquid crystal display panel 10 such as a TN (Twisted Nematic) mode, a VA (Vertical Alignment) mode, and an IPS (In-Pane Switching) mode.
  • This application is dedicated to solving the problem of color shift under a large viewing angle, and is especially suitable for the VA mode.
  • the advantages of the VA mode itself such as high contrast and frictionless alignment, to improve the display effect and reduce production costs.
  • the display panel 10 is in VA mode, but it is not limited thereto.
  • the viewing angle compensation film 11 includes an upper substrate 111, a first electrode 112 disposed on the side of the upper substrate 111 close to the lower substrate 113, a lower substrate 113, a second electrode 114 disposed on the side of the lower substrate 113 close to the upper substrate 111, and a clip
  • the viewing angle compensation liquid crystal layer 115 provided between the first electrode 112 and the second electrode 114.
  • the viewing angle compensation film 11 is a polymer dispersed liquid crystal film, wherein the viewing angle compensation liquid crystal layer 115 is a polymer dispersed liquid crystal layer, and the liquid crystal molecules in the viewing angle compensation liquid crystal layer 115 are dispersed in the polymer in the form of liquid crystal droplets 1151 In the network.
  • the liquid crystal droplet 1151 has dielectric anisotropy.
  • both sides of the liquid crystal droplet 1151 have a voltage to form an electric field
  • the directors of the liquid crystal droplet 1151 are aligned with the direction of the electric field, and the refractive index n lc of the liquid crystal droplet 1151 matches the refractive index np of the polymer, the light can Affected or influenced rarely pass through the viewing angle compensation liquid crystal layer 115, showing a high transmission state, as shown in FIG.
  • the director of the liquid crystal droplet 1151 is freely oriented, the refractive index n lc of the liquid crystal droplet 1151 does not match the refractive index n p of the polymer, and the liquid crystal droplet 1151 is more sensitive to light. Strong scattering effect, showing high diffusivity, as shown in Figure 4.
  • the viewing angle compensation film 11 is prepared by mixing a nematic liquid crystal with a polymer monomer, a photoinitiator, etc., and then using a phase separation method. Specifically, a mixture of a nematic liquid crystal, a polymer monomer, and a photoinitiator is poured between the upper substrate and the lower substrate, and a voltage is applied between the first electrode 112 and the second electrode 114 while passing ultraviolet light Upon irradiation, liquid crystal molecules are precipitated from the polymer to form liquid crystal droplets. After the polymer is polymerized and cured, the liquid crystal droplets are wrapped in it.
  • liquid crystal molecules in the liquid crystal droplets 1151 may be arranged in parallel along the axial direction, radially in a radial vertical plane, or arranged in a watermelon-like bipolar plane, of course, other arrangements are also possible.
  • n lc (n o + n e ) / 2
  • n o the liquid crystal molecule
  • n e the refractive index of liquid crystal molecules for extraordinary light.
  • the liquid crystal molecules in the viewing angle compensation liquid crystal layer 115 are nematic liquid crystals with a refractive index between 1.4 and 1.52, and the refractive index of the polymer in the viewing angle compensation liquid crystal layer 115 is 1.4 to 1.52.
  • Both the upper substrate 111 and the lower substrate 113 can be selected from PMMA (Polymethyl Methacrylate), TAC (Triacetyl Cellulose), PET (Polyethylene Terephthalate), etc.
  • One or more kinds of transparent materials may be arranged in a single layer or in multiple layers.
  • Both the first electrode 112 and the second electrode 114 may be, for example, ITO (IndiumTinOxide, indium tin oxide), silver nanowires, graphene, ZnO (zinc oxide) transparent electrode layer, SnO2 (tin dioxide), PEDOT: PSS (poly 3,4-ethylenedioxythiophene / polystyrene sulfonate) or carbon nanotubes and other transparent materials.
  • one of the first electrode 112 and the second electrode 114 is a patterned electrode, such as a patterned electrode arranged in one dimension or a patterned electrode arranged in two dimensions. Any one of the first electrode 112 and the second electrode 114 may be provided close to the display panel 10. In this embodiment, the second electrode 114 is disposed close to the display panel 10.
  • the first electrodes 112 are arranged one-dimensionally, and include a plurality of strip electrodes 1121 arranged in the column direction.
  • the width of the gap between the strip electrodes 1121 is less than or equal to 50 microns, and the width of the strip electrodes 1121 is less than or equal to 50 microns.
  • the viewing angle compensates for the free director orientation of the liquid crystal droplets 1151 in the liquid crystal layer 115, and the liquid crystal droplets 1151 have a strong scattering effect on light, passing through the liquid crystal droplets
  • the light of 1151 is highly scattered, and the viewing angle compensation liquid crystal layer 115 exhibits high diffusivity.
  • the color shift of the display panel 10 under the large viewing angles on the top, bottom, left, and right sides is compensated, and the high display angles on the top, bottom, left, and right sides exhibit good display image quality.
  • the electric field direction is perpendicular to the upper substrate 111 and the lower substrate 113, and the liquid crystal droplets 1151 are also along the direction perpendicular to the upper substrate 111 and the lower substrate 113.
  • the arrangement of the strip electrodes 1121 in the one-dimensional direction enables the viewing angle compensation liquid crystal layer 115 to compensate for the color shift in the direction perpendicular to the extension direction of the strip electrodes 1121 when a voltage is applied.
  • a voltage can be applied between the first electrode 112 and the second electrode 114, and the viewing angle compensation film 11 allows the light from the display panel 10 to be concentrated in a small angle in the up-down direction and the left-right direction to diffuse In this way, it is beneficial to improve the contrast and brightness at the small viewing angle or further positive viewing angle, to avoid light scattering outside the unnecessary viewing angle, which causes waste of light and degradation of picture quality.
  • the required viewing angles on the upper and lower sides are usually relatively small, and the viewing angles on the left and right sides are relatively large.
  • This solution can effectively compensate the color shift under the large viewing angles on the left and right sides.
  • the angle between the user and the rightmost or leftmost side of the display panel 10 is about 40-50 °
  • the light from the display panel 10 needs a diffusion angle of 40-50 °.
  • a voltage can be applied between the first electrode 112 and the second electrode 114 to make the viewing angle compensation liquid crystal layer 115 achieve 40 in the left and right directions ⁇ 50 ° diffusion.
  • the first electrodes 112 are two-dimensionally arranged, and include a plurality of block electrodes 1122 uniformly arranged along the row direction and the column direction.
  • the width of the gap between the bulk electrodes 1122 is less than or equal to 50 microns, the length of the bulk electrodes 1122 may be less than or equal to 50 microns, and the width may also be less than or equal to 50 microns.
  • the viewing angle compensates for the free director orientation of the liquid crystal droplets 1151 in the liquid crystal layer 115, and the liquid crystal droplets 1151 have a strong scattering effect on light, passing through the liquid crystal droplets
  • the light of 1151 is highly scattered, and the viewing angle compensation liquid crystal layer 115 exhibits high diffusivity.
  • the color shift of the display panel 10 under the large viewing angles on the top, bottom, left, and right sides is compensated, and the high display angles on the top, bottom, left, and right sides exhibit good display image quality.
  • an electric field having a certain inclination angle is also formed between the bulk electrode 1122 and the planar second electrode 114.
  • the electric field is inclined (the same principle as in FIG. 7 and no additional illustrations).
  • the liquid crystal droplets 1151 have a certain The electric field directions of the oblique angles are aligned. Since the refractive index n lc of the liquid crystal droplet 1151 does not match the refractive index n p of the polymer, light scattering is caused in both the left-right direction and the up-down direction.
  • the arrangement of the block electrodes 1122 in the two-dimensional direction enables the viewing angle compensation liquid crystal layer 115 to simultaneously compensate for the color shift in the up-down direction and the left-right direction when a voltage is applied.
  • a voltage can be applied between the first electrode 112 and the second electrode 114, and the viewing angle compensation film 11 allows the light from the display panel 10 to be concentrated in a small angle in the up-down direction and left-right direction, This is beneficial for improving the contrast and brightness at the small viewing angle or further positive viewing angle, and avoiding light scattering and undesired viewing angles that cause waste of light and degradation of picture quality.
  • the large-size display panel requires a certain degree of diffusibility in the left-right direction and the up-down direction. Therefore, this solution is especially suitable for the large-size display panel 10, and at the same time, it can compensate for the large-vision role deviation in the left-right direction and the up-down direction.
  • the display screen under the large viewing angle in the left-right direction and the up-down direction and the small viewing angle ensure a better display screen.
  • both the first electrode 112 and the second electrode 114 may be planar electrodes.
  • the viewing angle compensation liquid crystal layer 115 has the lowest diffusibility in the up-down direction and the left-right direction, and the smallest viewing angle.
  • the viewing angle adjustment element is configured to obtain the viewing angle between the user and the display panel 10, and control the voltage applied between the first electrode 112 and the second electrode 114 according to the viewing angle, thereby changing the viewing angle compensation film 11. Diffusivity.
  • the voltage applied between the first electrode 112 and the second electrode 114 is reduced or even eliminated, so that the viewing angle compensation liquid crystal layer 115 exhibits high diffusivity, and light from the display panel 10 can be diffused to the left and right sides Or the upper and lower sides, when viewing the screen of the display panel 10 at the large viewing angles on the left and right sides or the upper and lower sides, there will be no difference between the left and right sides or between the upper and lower sides, avoiding the large viewing angle Color cast.
  • a voltage is applied between the first electrode 112 and the second electrode 114, so that the viewing angle compensation liquid crystal layer 115 exhibits transmissivity or even high transmissivity.
  • the light from the display panel 10 is concentrated in a small angle to exit, which can ensure The display screen in a small viewing angle has high contrast and high brightness.
  • the viewing angle adjusting element includes an image capturing element 12 and a voltage controller (not shown).
  • the image capturing element 12 may be a CCD (Charge Coupled Device) camera or a CMOS (Charge Coupled Device) camera.
  • the image capturing element 12 may include one or more first cameras 121, which are disposed on the left or right side of the display panel 10, or both on the left and right sides, and capture the user's screen Then, the maximum horizontal angle between the user and the normal of the display panel 10 can be analyzed and obtained as the horizontal viewing angle, as shown by the angles ⁇ 1 and ⁇ 2 in FIG. 3, the solution is particularly suitable for adjusting the viewing angle in one direction The situation with greater demand.
  • the image capturing element 12 may further include one or more second cameras 122, which are respectively provided on the upper side or the lower side of the display panel 10, or both on the upper side and the lower side, after the second camera 122 captures the user's screen respectively .
  • the maximum vertical angle between the user and the normal of the display panel 10 can be analyzed and obtained as the vertical viewing angle. This solution is suitable for the situation where there is a large demand for viewing angle adjustment in both directions.
  • the voltage controller is connected between the image capturing element 12 and the viewing angle compensation film 11, and controls the application to the first electrode 112 and the second electrode 114 according to the aforementioned observation angle (including the horizontal observation angle and / or the vertical observation angle) Voltage. Specifically, the voltage between the first electrode 112 and the second electrode 114 is controlled to decrease according to the increase in the horizontal observation angle and the vertical observation angle.
  • the voltage controller can control the voltage between the first electrode 112 and the second electrode 114 to be between 0 and 10V.
  • the voltage can be directly 0V, that is, the viewing angle compensation when the first predetermined angle is exceeded
  • the membrane 11 directly exhibits maximum diffusibility.
  • the voltage may be added to the maximum voltage of 10V, that is, at the second predetermined angle.
  • the minimum diffusivity of the viewing angle compensation film 11 is used to ensure the high contrast and high brightness of the display image, and the diffusion of light can be eliminated beyond the second predetermined angle, thereby avoiding waste of light from the backlight and reducing energy consumption.
  • the present application also provides a display device 3, as shown in FIG. 12, including the above-mentioned display panel assembly 1 and a backlight module 2 provided on the backlight input side of the display panel 10.
  • the light emitted from the light source of the backlight module 2 exits through the display panel 10 and the viewing angle compensation film 11, and the voltage controller of the viewing angle adjustment element increases the viewing angle between the user and the display panel 10 detected by the image capturing element 12 Large, the voltage applied between the first electrode 112 and the second electrode 114 of the viewing angle compensation film 11 is gradually reduced, so that the diffusion angle of light from the display panel 10 can be adjusted to meet the needs of different viewing angles and ensure The display quality is better from a viewing angle.
  • the backlight module 2 is a highly directional backlight module, and the light intensity of the light exit surface of the light guide plate (for side entry type) or the light exit surface of the diffuser plate (for direct type) is uniform at different positions The degree is greater than or equal to 90%, and the FWHM (Full Width at Half Maximum) degree of the outgoing light field is within ⁇ 10 °. In one embodiment, the FWHM of the light field of the backlight module 2 may be within ⁇ 5 °.
  • the light emitted by the high-directional backlight module has high collimation characteristics. On the one hand, it can improve the light utilization rate of the backlight module 2 and reduce energy consumption. On the other hand, it is also beneficial to the viewing angle compensation of the liquid crystal droplets 1151 in the liquid crystal layer 115. The control of the scattering or transmission of light, thereby improving the control of the viewing angle and color shift by the viewing angle compensation film 11.
  • the voltage controller of the viewing angle adjusting element can also be connected to the backlight module 2 and configured to control the voltage input to the backlight module 2 synchronously to achieve the function of controlling the backlight brightness of the backlight module 2.
  • the rate of change of the voltage input to the backlight module 2 and the voltage input to the viewing angle compensation film 11 may be different.
  • the voltage input to the backlight module 2 and the voltage input to the viewing angle compensation film 11 can also be adjusted independently.
  • the voltage input to the backlight module 2 is gradually increased to ensure the brightness and contrast of the screen at a large angle.
  • the viewing angle compensation film 11 causes the light to be concentrated in a small angle and the light utilization rate is high, so the voltage input to the backlight module 2 is gradually reduced to ensure During the adjustment process, the brightness of the display screen is consistent, and the energy consumption of the backlight module 2 is reduced.

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  • Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • Nonlinear Science (AREA)
  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Crystallography & Structural Chemistry (AREA)
  • General Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • Optics & Photonics (AREA)
  • Mathematical Physics (AREA)
  • Liquid Crystal (AREA)
  • Dispersion Chemistry (AREA)
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  • Liquid Crystal Display Device Control (AREA)

Abstract

一种显示面板组件（1），包括显示面板（10）、视角补偿膜（11）和视角调整元件，显示面板（10）包括出光面，设置为显示画面，视角补偿膜（11）设于显示面板（10）的出光面上，包括第一电极（112）、第二电极（114），以及夹设于第一电极（112）与第二电极（114）之间的视角补偿液晶层（115），视角调整元件，设置为获取使用者的观察角度，并根据观察角度调整施加于第一电极（112）与第二电极（114）之间的电压，以改变视角补偿液晶层（115）的扩散性。

Description

显示面板组件及显示装置
本申请要求于2018年11月09日提交中国专利局，申请号为201811332610.6，申请名称为“显示面板组件及显示装置”的中国专利申请的优先权，其全部内容通过引用结合在本申请中。
技术领域
本申请涉及显示技术领域，尤其涉及一种显示面板组件及显示装置。
背景技术
这里的陈述仅提供与本申请有关的背景信息，而不必然地构成现有技术。
液晶显示器(Liquid Crystal Display，LCD)是一种常用的电子设备，由于其具有功耗低、体积小、重量轻等特性，因此广泛受到用户青睐。
LCD按照显示模式的不同包括有TN(Twisted Nematic，扭曲向列)模式、VA(Vertical Alignment，垂直配向)模式、IPS(In-P1ane Switching,平面切换)模式等。其中，以VA模式为例，其有宽视角、高对比度和无需摩擦配向等优势而成为一种常用的显示模式，但同时也带来了大视角下色偏严重及对比度降低的问题，这是因为VA模式中的液晶分子在暗态下垂直于上下玻璃排列，在加电压后发生一定倾斜，由于VA模式的液晶分子的双折射效应不同，造成左右视角的光产生不同相位差，在正视角下具有最佳的对比度和亮度，在大视角下，画面更容易发生泛白(color wash-out)现象。虽然可以通过偏光片视角补偿技术来改善VA模式下的大视角画面品质，但这又不可避免地降低了正视角下的光学表现，在大部分使用情况下，造成了背光源的光线的利用率较低。
因此，有必要寻找一种方案能够根据实际使用需求兼顾不同视角以及在不同视角下的画面品质。
申请内容
本申请一目的在于提供一种显示面板组件，包括但不限于改善液晶显示面板在大视角下的画面品质以及兼顾不同视角下的画面品质。
本申请实施例采用的技术方案是：一种显示面板组件，包括：
显示面板，包括出光面，设置为显示画面；
视角补偿膜，设于所述显示面板的出光面上，包括第一电极、第二电极，以及夹设于所述第一电极与第二电极之间的视角补偿液晶层；以及
视角调整元件，设置为获取使用者的观察角度，并根据所述观察角度调整施加于所述第一电极与第二电极之间的电压，以改变所述视角补偿液晶层的扩散性。
在一实施例中，所述视角补偿膜还包括上基板以及与所述上基板相对设置的下基板；所述第一电极设于所述上基板靠近所述下基板的一侧，所述第二电极设于所述下基板靠近所述上基板的一侧。
在一实施例中，所述第一电极或所述第二电极为一维排列，包括多个相互平行且间隔排列的条状电极。
在一实施例中，所述第一电极和第二电极的任意一个设置为靠近所述显示面板。
在一实施例中，所述条状电极之间的间隙的宽度小于或等于50微米，所述条状电极的宽度小于或等于50微米。
在一实施例中，所述第一电极或所述第二电极为二维排列，包括多个呈阵 列排布的块状电极。
在一实施例中，所述块状电极之间的间隙的宽度小于或等于50微米，所述块状电极的宽度小于或等于50微米，所述块状电极的长度小于或等于50微米。
在一实施例中，所述视角调整元件包括：
图像拍摄元件，设于所述显示面板的至少一侧，设置为拍摄使用者的位置并计算出使用者与显示面板的法线之间的观察角度；以及
电压控制器，连接于所述图像拍摄元件与所述视角补偿膜之间，根据所述观察角度调整输入所述视角补偿液晶膜的电压。
在一实施例中，所述图像拍摄元件包括至少一个第一相机，设置为获取使用者与所述显示面板之间的水平观察角度。
在一实施例中，所述图像拍摄元件还包括至少一个第二相机，设置为获取使用者与所述显示面板之间的竖直观察角度。
在一实施例中，所述第一相机和第二相机均为电荷耦合元件相机或互补金属氧化物半导体相机。
在一实施例中，所述视角补偿膜为聚合物分散液晶膜，所述视角补偿液晶层中的液晶分子以液晶微滴形式分散于聚合物的网络中。
在一实施例中，所述视角补偿液晶层中的液晶分子为折射率在1.4～1.52之间的向列型液晶，所述视角补偿液晶层中的聚合物的折射率为1.4～1.52。
本申请的另一目的在于提供一种显示面板组件，包括：
显示面板，包括出光面，设置为显示画面；
视角补偿膜，设于所述显示面板的出光面上，包括第一电极、第二电极，以及夹设于所述第一电极与第二电极之间的视角补偿液晶层；以及
视角调整元件，设置为获取使用者的观察角度，并根据所述观察角度调整施加于所述第一电极与第二电极之间的电压，以改变所述视角补偿液晶层的扩散性；
其中，所述视角调整元件调整施加于所述第一电极与第二电极之间的电压为0V～10V。
本申请的再一目的在于提供一种显示装置，包括显示面板组件以及设于所述显示面板的背光输入侧的背光模组；所述显示面板组件包括：
显示面板，包括出光面，设置为显示画面；
视角补偿膜，设于所述显示面板的出光面上，包括第一电极、第二电极，以及夹设于所述第一电极与第二电极之间的视角补偿液晶层；以及
视角调整元件，设置为获取使用者的观察角度，并根据所述观察角度调整施加于所述第一电极与第二电极之间的电压，以改变所述视角补偿液晶层的扩散性。
在一实施例中，输入所述背光模组的电压与输入所述视角补偿膜的电压的变化速率不同。
在一实施例中，输入所述背光模组的电压与输入所述视角补偿膜的电压还可以独立调节。
在一实施例中，所述视角调整元件调整施加于所述第一电极与第二电极之间的电压为0V～10V。
在一实施例中，所述背光模组的出光光场的半高全宽度数在±10度之内。
本申请实施例提供的显示面板组件，通过在显示面板的出光面前方设置一视角补偿膜，通过视角调整元件获取使用者与显示面板之间的观察角度，根据所述观察角度来控制施加于所述第一电极与第二电极之间的电压，以改变所述 视角补偿膜的扩散性，从而可以使得视角补偿膜的扩散性根据观察角度而动态实时变化，提升用户体验，当需要大视角时，视角调整元件控制所述视角补偿膜增大扩散性，当需要小视角时，视角补偿膜减小扩散性，以减少大角度处的光线浪费，不仅满足了大视角下也能够观察到良好的显示画面，还可以避免不需要大视角时的显示画面品质的降低，兼顾了不同视角以及不同视角下的画面品质，提高显示效果。显示面板组件及显示装置，其视角补偿膜的扩散性根据观察角度而动态实时变化，不仅满足大视角下也能够观察到良好的显示画面，还可以避免不需要大视角时的显示画面品质的降低，兼顾了不同视角以及不同视角下的画面品质，提高显示效果。
附图说明
为了更清楚地说明本申请实施例中的技术方案，下面将对实施例或示范性的技术描述中所需要使用的附图作简单地介绍，显而易见地，下面描述中的附图仅仅是本申请的一些实施例，对于本领域普通技术人员来讲，在不付出创造性劳动的前提下，还可以根据这些附图获得其它的附图。
图1是本申请实施例提供的显示面板组件的结构示意图；
图2是本申请实施例提供的显示面板组件中视角补偿膜的结构示意图；
图3是本申请实施例提供的显示面板组件的观察视角的示意图；
图4和图5是视角补偿液晶层的扩散示意图；
图6是实施例提供的显示面板组件中视角补偿膜的第一电极的一种结构示意图；
图7是视角补偿膜对应图6所示的第一电极结构的一方向的扩散示意图；
图8是视角补偿膜对应图6所示的第一电极结构的另一方向的扩散示意图；
图9是视角补偿膜对应图6所示的第一电极结构的等效折射率示意图；
图10是本申请实施例提供的显示面板组件中视角补偿膜的第一电极的另一种结构示意图；
图11是视角补偿膜对应图10所示的第一电极结构的等效折射率示意图；
图12是本申请实施例提供的显示装置的结构示意图。
具体实施方式
为了使本申请的目的、技术方案及优点更加清楚明白，以下结合附图及实施例，对本申请进行进一步详细说明。应当理解，此处所描述的具体实施例仅用以解释本申请，并不用于限定本申请。
需说明的是，当部件被称为“固定于”或“设置于”另一个部件，它可以直接在另一个部件上或者间接在该另一个部件上。当一个部件被称为是“连接于”另一个部件，它可以是直接或者间接连接至该另一个部件上。术语“上”、“下”、“左”、“右”等指示的方位或位置关系为基于附图所示的方位或位置关系，仅是为了便于描述，而不是指示或暗示所指的装置或元件必须具有特定的方位、以特定的方位构造和操作，因此不能理解为对本专利的限制，对于本领域的普通技术人员而言，可以根据具体情况理解上述术语的具体含义。术语“第一”、“第二”仅用于便于描述目的，而不能理解为指示或暗示相对重要性或者隐含指明技术特征的数量。“多个”的含义是两个或两个以上，除非另有明确具体的限定。
为了说明本申请所述的技术方案，以下结合具体附图及实施例进行详细说明。
请参阅图1至图4，本申请首先提供一种显示面板组件1，包括显示面板 10、设于显示面板10的出光面上的视角补偿膜11，以及视角调整元件。
显示面板10可以是液晶显示面板10，包括依次层叠的下偏光片101、阵列基板102、液晶层103、彩膜基板104和上偏光片105，也可以是OLED(Organic Light-Emitting Diode，有机发光二极管)显示面板10。液晶显示面板10可以是TN(Twisted Nematic，扭曲向列)模式、VA(Vertical Alignment，垂直配向)模式、IPS(In-P1ane Switching,平面切换)模式等的液晶显示面板10。本申请致力于解决大视角下色偏的问题，尤其适用于VA模式，同时还可以兼顾VA模式本身的高对比度和无需摩擦配向等优势，提高显示效果并降低生产成本。在一可选实施例中，显示面板10为VA模式，但并不以此为限。
视角补偿膜11包括上基板111、设于上基板111的靠近下基板113一侧的第一电极112、下基板113、设于下基板113靠近上基板111一侧的第二电极114，以及夹设于第一电极112与第二电极114之间的视角补偿液晶层115。
在一实施例中，视角补偿膜11为聚合物分散液晶膜，其中视角补偿液晶层115为聚合物分散液晶层，视角补偿液晶层115中的液晶分子以液晶微滴1151的形式分散于聚合物的网络中。
液晶微滴1151具有介电各向异性。当液晶微滴1151的两侧具有电压而形成电场时，液晶微滴1151的指向矢随着电场方向排列，液晶微滴1151的折射率n lc与聚合物的折射率np匹配，则光可以不受影响或影响很少地穿过该视角补偿液晶层115，表现为高透射态，如图5所示。当液晶微滴1151的两侧没有电压时，液晶微滴1151的指向矢自由取向，液晶微滴1151的折射率n lc与聚合物的折射率n p不匹配，液晶微滴1151对光线有较强的散射作用，表现为高扩散性，如图4所示。
视角补偿膜11是将向列型液晶与聚合物单体、光引发剂等混合后，通过 相分离法制得。具体为，将向列型液晶与聚合物单体、光引发剂等混合物灌入上基板与下基板之间，并对第一电极112和第二电极114之间加一电压，同时通过紫外光照射，液晶分子从聚合物中析出形成液晶微滴，聚合物聚合并固化后把液晶微滴包裹于其中。
在不加电压的情况下，液晶微滴1151中的液晶分子可以沿轴向平行排列、辐射状径向垂面排列或者西瓜状双极沿面排列，当然也可以为其他排列方式。对于轴向平行排列，液晶微滴1151的折射率n lc的计算式为：1/(n lc) 2＝(cosθ) 2/(n o) 2+(sinθ) 2/(n e) 2，其中，n o为液晶分子对寻常光的折射率，n e为液晶分子对非寻常光的折射率，θ为液晶微滴1151的指向矢与光线的夹角。对于辐射状径向垂面排列和西瓜状双极沿面排列，液晶微滴1151的折射率n lc的计算式为：n lc＝(n o+n e)/2，其中，n o为液晶分子对寻常光的折射率，n e为液晶分子对非寻常光的折射率。
在一实施例中，视角补偿液晶层115中的液晶分子为折射率在1.4～1.52之间的向列型液晶，视角补偿液晶层115中的聚合物的折射率为1.4～1.52。
上基板111和下基板113均可以选自PMMA(Polymethyl Methacrylate,聚甲基丙烯酸甲酯)、TAC(Triacetyl Cellulose，三醋酸纤维)或PET(Polyethylene Terephthalate，聚对苯二甲酸乙二醇酯)等透明材料的一种或多种，也可以均为单层设置或多层设置。第一电极112和第二电极114均可以为如ITO(IndiumTinOxide，氧化铟锡)、银纳米线、石墨烯、ZnO(氧化锌)透明电极层、SnO2(二氧化锡)、PEDOT:PSS(聚3，4-乙烯二氧噻吩/聚苯乙烯磺酸盐)或碳纳米管等透明材料。
在一实施例中，第一电极112和第二电极114中的其中一个为图案化电极，如一维排列的图案化电极或者是二维排列的图案化电极。第一电极112和第二 电极114中的任意一个可靠近显示面板10设置。在本实施例中，第二电极114靠近显示面板10设置。
如图6所示，第一电极112为一维排列，包括多个沿列方向排列的条状电极1121。条状电极1121之间的间隙的宽度小于或等于50微米，条状电极1121的宽度小于或等于50微米。
当第一电极112和第二电极114之间没有电压时，视角补偿液晶层115内的液晶微滴1151的指向矢自由取向，液晶微滴1151对光线有较强的散射作用，通过液晶微滴1151的光线呈高度散射态，视角补偿液晶层115表现出高扩散性。此时，显示面板10在上下两侧和左右两侧的大视角下的色偏均进行了补偿，上下两侧和左右两侧的大视角下均表现出良好的显示画面品质。
如图7至图9所示，当在第一电极112和第二电极114之间施加电压时，不同条状电极1121与平面状的第二电极114之间形成具有一定倾斜角度的电场(以虚线所示)。从上下方向(图6中D1方向)观察，如图7中所示，液晶微滴1151沿着该具有一定倾斜角度的电场方向排列，由于液晶微滴1151的折射率n lc与聚合物的折射率n p不匹配，在左右方向上造成光线散射。从左右方向(图6中D2方向)上观察，如图8中所示，电场方向为垂直于上基板111和下基板113，液晶微滴1151也沿着垂直于上基板111和下基板113方向排列，从而在上下方向上呈完全透射状态而不产生扩散性(或者说扩散性很小)。由此，该一维方向的条状电极1121的设置使得视角补偿液晶层115能够在加电压时对垂直于该条状电极1121延伸方向上的色偏进行补偿。也就是说，当不需要大视角时，可以对第一电极112和第二电极114之间加电压，视角补偿膜11使得来自显示面板10的光线集中于上下方向和左右方向的小角度内扩散，这样有利于提高在该小视角或者进一步正视角下的对比度和亮度，避免了光线散射到 不需要的视角之外造成光线浪费以及画面品质的降低。
对于中小尺寸的显示面板10而言，在上下两侧所需的视角通常比较小，左右两侧的视角会相对较大，该方案可以对左右两侧的大视角下的色偏进行有效补偿。例如，对于24寸的电脑用显示面板10而言，当使用者正对显示面板10的中心位置时，使用者与显示面板10的最右侧或最左侧的夹角大约在40～50°之间，即来自显示面板10的光线需要40～50°的扩散角，此时，可在第一电极112与第二电极114之间加电压，使视角补偿液晶层115在左右方向上实现40～50°的扩散。
如图10和图11所示，第一电极112为二维排列，包括多个沿着行方向和列方向均匀排列的块状电极1122。块状电极1122之间的间隙的宽度小于或等于50微米，块状电极1122的长度可以小于或等于50微米，宽度也可以小于或等于50微米。
当第一电极112和第二电极114之间没有电压时，视角补偿液晶层115内的液晶微滴1151的指向矢自由取向，液晶微滴1151对光线有较强的散射作用，通过液晶微滴1151的光线呈高度散射态，视角补偿液晶层115表现出高扩散性。此时，显示面板10在上下两侧和左右两侧的大视角下的色偏均进行了补偿，上下两侧和左右两侧的大视角下均表现出良好的显示画面品质。
当在第一电极112和第二电极114之间施加电压时，块状电极1122与平面状的第二电极114之间也形成具有一定倾斜角度的电场。从上下方向(图10中D3方向)和左右方向(图10中D4方向)观察时，电场均为倾斜(与图7原理相同，不再额外图示)，液晶微滴1151沿着该具有一定倾斜角度的电场方向排列，由于液晶微滴1151的折射率n lc与聚合物的折射率n p不匹配，在左右方向和上下方向上均造成光线散射。由此，该二维方向的块状电极1122的设置使 得视角补偿液晶层115能够在加电压时对上下方向和左右方向上的色偏同时进行补偿。同样地，当不需要大视角时，可以对第一电极112和第二电极114之间施加电压，视角补偿膜11使得来自显示面板10的光线集中于上下方向和左右方向的小角度内扩散，这样有利于提高在该小视角或者进一步正视角下的对比度和亮度，避免了光线散射到不需要的视角之外造成光线浪费以及画面品质的降低。
大尺寸的显示面板在左右方向和上下方向上均需一定的扩散性，因此，该方案尤其适用于大尺寸的显示面板10，同时可对左右方向和上下方向的大视角色偏进行补偿，提高在左右方向和上下方向的大视角下的显示画面以及小视角下保证更佳的显示画面。
在一实施例中，第一电极112和第二电极114可以均为平面状电极。该种结构下，视角补偿液晶层115在上下方向和左右方向上的扩散性最低，视角最小。
请参阅图3，视角调整元件设置为获取使用者与显示面板10之间的观察角度，并根据该观察角度控制施加于第一电极112与第二电极114之间的电压，从而改变视角补偿膜11的扩散性。当需要大视角时，则降低甚至取消施加于第一电极112与第二电极114之间的电压，使视角补偿液晶层115呈现高扩散性，来自显示面板10的光线可以被扩散至左右两侧或上下两侧，在左右两侧或上下两侧的大视角处观察显示面板10的画面时，不会造成左侧与右侧之间或上侧与下侧之间的差异，避免大视角下的色偏。当需要小视角时，对第一电极112与第二电极114之间施加电压，使视角补偿液晶层115呈现透射性甚至高透射性，来自显示面板10的光线集中于小角度内出射，可以保证小视角内的显示画面具有高的对比度和高的亮度。
如图3所示，在一实施例中，视角调整元件包括图像拍摄元件12和电压控制器(未图示)，图像拍摄元件12可以是CCD(Charge Coupled Device,电荷耦合元件)相机或CMOS(Complementary Metal-Oxide-Semiconductor Transistor,互补金属氧化物半导体)相机，图像拍摄元件12的数量可以是一个或多个，设于显示面板10的至少一侧，如左侧、右侧、上侧或下侧，设置为拍摄使用者的位置并计算出使用者与显示面板10的法线之间的观察角度。
在一具体实施例中，图像拍摄元件12可以包括一个或多个第一相机121，设于显示面板10的左侧或右侧，或同时设置于左侧和右侧，拍摄到使用者的画面后可以分析并得出该使用者与显示面板10的法线之间的最大水平角度，作为水平观察角度，如图3中角度α1和α2所示，该方案尤其适用于对一个方向上视角调整需求较大的情况。图像拍摄元件12还可以包括一个或多个第二相机122，分别设于显示面板10的上侧或下侧，或同时设置于上侧和下侧，第二相机122分别拍摄到使用者画面后，可以分析得出该使用者与显示面板10的法线之间的最大竖直角度，作为竖直观察角度。该方案适用于对两个方向上视角调整需求均较大的情况。
电压控制器连接于图像拍摄元件12与视角补偿膜11之间，根据上述所说的观察角度(包括水平观察角度和/或竖直观察角度)控制施加于第一电极112与第二电极114之间的电压。具体是，根据水平观察角度和竖直观察角度的增大而控制减小第一电极112与第二电极114之间的电压。
在一实施例中，电压控制器可以控制第一电极112与第二电极114之间的电压为0～10V之间。当图像拍摄元件12检测到观察角度(包括水平观察角度和竖直观察角度)大于或等于第一预定角度时，如80°时，电压可直接为0V，即超过该第一预定角度时视角补偿膜11直接呈现最大扩散性。当图像拍摄元件 12检测到观察角度(包括水平观察角度和/或竖直观察角度)小于或等于第二预定角度时，如50°，电压可加至最大电压10V，即在该第二预定角度之内时以视角补偿膜11的最小扩散性来保证显示画面的高对比度和高亮度，在第二预定角度之外可以无需光线的扩散，从而避免了背光源的光线的浪费，降低能耗。
本申请还提供一种显示装置3，如图12所示，包括上述所说的显示面板组件1以及设置于显示面板10的背光输入侧的背光模组2。背光模组2的光源发出的光线经显示面板10和视角补偿膜11出射，视角调整元件的电压控制器根据图像拍摄元件12所侦测到的使用者与显示面板10之间的观察角度的增大，调整施加于视角补偿膜11的第一电极112与第二电极114之间的电压逐渐降低，从而能够对来自显示面板10的光线的扩散角度进行调整，满足不同视角的需求以及保证在不同视角下均有较佳的显示画面品质。
在一实施例中，该背光模组2为一高指向性背光模组，其导光板(对于侧入式)的出光面或扩散板(对于直下式)的出光面的不同位置的光强均匀度均大于或等于90％，出光光场的FWHM(Full Width at Half Maximum,半高全宽)度数在±10°之内。在一实施例中，该背光模组2的出光光场的FWHM可以在±5°之内。
高指向性背光模组出射的光线具有高准直特性，一方面能够提高背光模组2的光线利用率，降低能耗，另一方面还有利于视角补偿液晶层115中的液晶微滴1151对光线的散射或透射的控制，从而提高视角补偿膜11对视角和色偏的控制。
在一实施例中，视角调整元件的电压控制器还可以连接于背光模组2，设置为同步控制输入背光模组2的电压，达到控制背光模组2的背光亮度的功能。 当然，输入背光模组2的电压与输入视角补偿膜11的电压的变化速率可以是不同的。并且，输入背光模组2的电压与输入视角补偿膜11的电压还可以独立调节。
如，当图像拍摄元件12侦测到使用者与显示面板10之间的观察角度增大时，调整输入背光模组2的电压逐渐升高，以保证大角度下画面的亮度和对比度。反之，当使用者与显示面板10之间的观察角度减小时，由于视角补偿膜11使得光线集中于小角度内出射，光线利用率高，则调整输入背光模组2的电压逐渐降低，以保证调整过程中显示画面的亮度一致性，以及降低背光模组2的能耗。
以上仅为本申请的可选实施例而已，并不用于限制本申请。对于本领域的技术人员来说，本申请可以有各种更改和变化。凡在本申请的精神和原则之内，所作的任何修改、等同替换、改进等，均应包含在本申请的权利要求范围之内。

Claims (20)

  1. 一种显示面板组件，包括：
    显示面板，包括出光面，设置为显示画面；
    视角补偿膜，设于所述显示面板的出光面上，包括第一电极、第二电极，以及夹设于所述第一电极与第二电极之间的视角补偿液晶层；以及
    视角调整元件，设置为获取使用者的观察角度，并根据所述观察角度调整施加于所述第一电极与第二电极之间的电压，以改变所述视角补偿液晶层的扩散性。
  2. 如权利要求1所述的显示面板组件，其中，所述视角补偿膜还包括上基板以及与所述上基板相对设置的下基板；所述第一电极设于所述上基板靠近所述下基板的一侧，所述第二电极设于所述下基板靠近所述上基板的一侧。
  3. 如权利要求1所述的显示面板组件，其中，所述第一电极或所述第二电极为一维排列，包括多个相互平行且间隔排列的条状电极。
  4. 如权利要求3所述的显示面板组件，其中，所述第一电极和第二电极的任意一个设置为靠近所述显示面板。
  5. 如权利要求3所述的显示面板组件，其中，所述条状电极之间的间隙的宽度小于或等于50微米，所述条状电极的宽度小于或等于50微米。
  6. 如权利要求1所述的显示面板组件，其中，所述第一电极或所述第二电极为二维排列，包括多个呈阵列排布的块状电极。
  7. 如权利要求6所述的显示面板组件，其中，所述块状电极之间的间隙的宽度小于或等于50微米，所述块状电极的宽度小于或等于50微米，所述块状电极的长度小于或等于50微米。
  8. 如权利要求1所述的显示面板组件，其中，所述视角调整元件包括：
    图像拍摄元件，设于所述显示面板的至少一侧，设置为拍摄使用者的位置并计算出使用者与显示面板的法线之间的观察角度；以及
    电压控制器，连接于所述图像拍摄元件与所述视角补偿膜之间，根据所述观察角度调整输入所述视角补偿液晶膜的电压。
  9. 如权利要求8所述的显示面板组件，其中，所述图像拍摄元件包括至少一个第一相机，设置为获取使用者与所述显示面板之间的水平观察角度。
  10. 如权利要求9所述的显示面板组件，其中，所述图像拍摄元件还包括至少一个第二相机，设置为获取使用者与所述显示面板之间的竖直观察角度。
  11. 如权利要求10所述的显示面板组件，其中，所述第一相机和第二相机均为电荷耦合元件相机或互补金属氧化物半导体相机。
  12. 如权利要求1所述的显示面板组件，其中，所述视角补偿膜为聚合物分散液晶膜，所述视角补偿液晶层中的液晶分子以液晶微滴形式分散于聚合物的网络中。
  13. 如权利要求12所述的显示面板组件，其中，所述视角补偿液晶层中的液晶分子为折射率在1.4～1.52之间的向列型液晶，所述视角补偿液晶层中的聚合物的折射率为1.4～1.52。
  14. 一种显示面板组件，其中，包括：
    显示面板，包括出光面，设置为显示画面；
    视角补偿膜，设于所述显示面板的出光面上，包括第一电极、第二电极，以及夹设于所述第一电极与第二电极之间的视角补偿液晶层；以及
    视角调整元件，设置为获取使用者的观察角度，并根据所述观察角度调整 施加于所述第一电极与第二电极之间的电压，以改变所述视角补偿液晶层的扩散性；
    其中，所述视角调整元件调整施加于所述第一电极与第二电极之间的电压为0V～10V。
  15. 一种显示装置，其中，包括显示面板组件以及设于所述显示面板的背光输入侧的背光模组；所述显示面板组件包括：
    显示面板，包括出光面，设置为显示画面；
    视角补偿膜，设于所述显示面板的出光面上，包括第一电极、第二电极，以及夹设于所述第一电极与第二电极之间的视角补偿液晶层；以及
    视角调整元件，设置为获取使用者的观察角度，并根据所述观察角度调整施加于所述第一电极与第二电极之间的电压，以改变所述视角补偿液晶层的扩散性。
  16. 如权利要求15所述的显示装置，其中，所述电压控制器还连接于所述背光模组，根据所述观察角度的增大调整输入所述背光模组的电压逐渐增大。
  17. 如权利要求16所述的显示装置，其中，输入所述背光模组的电压与输入所述视角补偿膜的电压的变化速率不同。
  18. 如权利要求15所述的显示装置，其中，输入所述背光模组的电压与输入所述视角补偿膜的电压均可独立调节。
  19. 如权利要求15所述的显示装置，其中，所述视角调整元件调整施加于所述第一电极与第二电极之间的电压为0V～10V。
  20. 如权利要求15所述的显示装置，其中，所述背光模组的出光光场的 半高全宽度数在±10度之内。
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