WO2020093092A1 - Monitoring device - Google Patents

Monitoring device Download PDF

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Publication number
WO2020093092A1
WO2020093092A1 PCT/AU2019/051216 AU2019051216W WO2020093092A1 WO 2020093092 A1 WO2020093092 A1 WO 2020093092A1 AU 2019051216 W AU2019051216 W AU 2019051216W WO 2020093092 A1 WO2020093092 A1 WO 2020093092A1
Authority
WO
WIPO (PCT)
Prior art keywords
indication means
accordance
monitoring device
indication
stabilisation apparatus
Prior art date
Application number
PCT/AU2019/051216
Other languages
French (fr)
Inventor
Jarrad Clayton LYSTER
Original Assignee
Lyster Jarrad Clayton
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Priority claimed from AU2018904226A external-priority patent/AU2018904226A0/en
Application filed by Lyster Jarrad Clayton filed Critical Lyster Jarrad Clayton
Publication of WO2020093092A1 publication Critical patent/WO2020093092A1/en
Priority to AU2021203696A priority Critical patent/AU2021203696A1/en
Priority to AU2023206225A priority patent/AU2023206225A1/en

Links

Classifications

    • G—PHYSICS
    • G01—MEASURING; TESTING
    • G01L—MEASURING FORCE, STRESS, TORQUE, WORK, MECHANICAL POWER, MECHANICAL EFFICIENCY, OR FLUID PRESSURE
    • G01L1/00—Measuring force or stress, in general
    • G01L1/06—Measuring force or stress, in general by measuring the permanent deformation of gauges, e.g. of compressed bodies
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F16—ENGINEERING ELEMENTS AND UNITS; GENERAL MEASURES FOR PRODUCING AND MAINTAINING EFFECTIVE FUNCTIONING OF MACHINES OR INSTALLATIONS; THERMAL INSULATION IN GENERAL
    • F16B—DEVICES FOR FASTENING OR SECURING CONSTRUCTIONAL ELEMENTS OR MACHINE PARTS TOGETHER, e.g. NAILS, BOLTS, CIRCLIPS, CLAMPS, CLIPS OR WEDGES; JOINTS OR JOINTING
    • F16B31/00—Screwed connections specially modified in view of tensile load; Break-bolts
    • F16B31/02—Screwed connections specially modified in view of tensile load; Break-bolts for indicating the attainment of a particular tensile load or limiting tensile load
    • F16B31/028—Screwed connections specially modified in view of tensile load; Break-bolts for indicating the attainment of a particular tensile load or limiting tensile load with a load-indicating washer or washer assembly
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G01—MEASURING; TESTING
    • G01B—MEASURING LENGTH, THICKNESS OR SIMILAR LINEAR DIMENSIONS; MEASURING ANGLES; MEASURING AREAS; MEASURING IRREGULARITIES OF SURFACES OR CONTOURS
    • G01B11/00—Measuring arrangements characterised by the use of optical techniques
    • G01B11/16—Measuring arrangements characterised by the use of optical techniques for measuring the deformation in a solid, e.g. optical strain gauge
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G01—MEASURING; TESTING
    • G01L—MEASURING FORCE, STRESS, TORQUE, WORK, MECHANICAL POWER, MECHANICAL EFFICIENCY, OR FLUID PRESSURE
    • G01L1/00—Measuring force or stress, in general
    • G01L1/24—Measuring force or stress, in general by measuring variations of optical properties of material when it is stressed, e.g. by photoelastic stress analysis using infrared, visible light, ultraviolet
    • E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
    • E21—EARTH OR ROCK DRILLING; MINING
    • E21D—SHAFTS; TUNNELS; GALLERIES; LARGE UNDERGROUND CHAMBERS
    • E21D21/00—Anchoring-bolts for roof, floor in galleries or longwall working, or shaft-lining protection
    • E21D21/02—Anchoring-bolts for roof, floor in galleries or longwall working, or shaft-lining protection having means for indicating tension
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F16—ENGINEERING ELEMENTS AND UNITS; GENERAL MEASURES FOR PRODUCING AND MAINTAINING EFFECTIVE FUNCTIONING OF MACHINES OR INSTALLATIONS; THERMAL INSULATION IN GENERAL
    • F16B—DEVICES FOR FASTENING OR SECURING CONSTRUCTIONAL ELEMENTS OR MACHINE PARTS TOGETHER, e.g. NAILS, BOLTS, CIRCLIPS, CLAMPS, CLIPS OR WEDGES; JOINTS OR JOINTING
    • F16B39/00—Locking of screws, bolts or nuts
    • F16B39/22—Locking of screws, bolts or nuts in which the locking takes place during screwing down or tightening
    • F16B39/28—Locking of screws, bolts or nuts in which the locking takes place during screwing down or tightening by special members on, or shape of, the nut or bolt
    • F16B39/38—Locking of screws, bolts or nuts in which the locking takes place during screwing down or tightening by special members on, or shape of, the nut or bolt with a second part of the screw-thread which may be resiliently mounted
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G01—MEASURING; TESTING
    • G01B—MEASURING LENGTH, THICKNESS OR SIMILAR LINEAR DIMENSIONS; MEASURING ANGLES; MEASURING AREAS; MEASURING IRREGULARITIES OF SURFACES OR CONTOURS
    • G01B13/00—Measuring arrangements characterised by the use of fluids
    • G01B13/24—Measuring arrangements characterised by the use of fluids for measuring the deformation in a solid

Definitions

  • the present invention relates to monitoring devices such as monitoring devices for monitoring the integrity of a device during use thereof
  • the invention has been devised particularly, although not necessarily solely, in relation to a monitoring device for monitoring the integrity of a device such as a rock bolt during use thereof and in particular to monitor whether the rock bolt is capable to maintain a particular load during its use.
  • Mines such as underground mines or open pit mines, require ground support to impede collapse of the mines; in particular to avoid collapsing of the roof and walls of the mines.
  • stabilisation apparatus are used for supporting the rock formations of tunnels or shafts drilled during mining procedures.
  • the stabilisation apparatus are suited for supporting the roofs and walls of mine tunnels or mine shafts of, for example, the underground mines.
  • a particular type of stabilisation apparatus is a rockbolt 12 comprising a rod 18 and a retaining plate 16 - see figure 1.
  • the retaining plate 16 abuts the exterior surface of the earth formation that surrounds the opening in which the rod 18 has been inserted;
  • a nut 20 (acting as a stopper) is attached to the end of the rod 18 (extending out of the rock formation and secured to the rod 18 such that the retaining plate 16 is compressed between the exterior surface of the rock formation and the nut 20.
  • the rod 18 when installed within the formation exerts radial pressure against the inner surface of the formation over the full length of the rod 18. This arrangement secures the earth formation.
  • Another type of stabilisation apparatus comprises a rod, a retaining plate and a ring (acting as a stopper) welded to rod, in particular to the end of the rod that is exterior to the rock formation when the rockbolt is in use.
  • the rod comprises a pipe section with a tapered end.
  • a slot extends along the longitude of the pipe section.
  • each stabilisation apparatus has proven to be suitable for providing ground support to mine structures as long as the stabilisation apparatus is capable to hold the load for which they are designed.
  • each stabilisation apparatus has a particular working life which wary on several factors such as the load to be applied to the stabilisation apparatus during its working life while being in use inserted in the rock formation.
  • an indication means for monitoring a stabilisation apparatus inserted in a rock formation comprising a body adapted to provide an indication of the status of the stabilisation apparatus providing support to the rock formation, wherein the body is operatively associated with the stabilisation apparatus such that upon variation in the quality of support provided by the stabilisation apparatus to the rock formation, the indications means provide an indication that the variation in the quality of the support provided by the stabilisation apparatus has occurred.
  • the variation in the quality of support comprises the variation of the amount of load that the rock bolt is capable to support.
  • the indication means comprises a visual indication.
  • the indication means provides an indication that the stabilisation apparatus has reached its working life.
  • the stabilisation apparatus comprises a rockbolt.
  • the body of the indication means comprises a deformable mass.
  • the deformable mass comprises material that permits deformation, and once it is deformed it stays in the deformed condition.
  • deformable materials comprise any one of nylon or polyurethane among other suitable materials.
  • the deformable mass comprises 5H Nylon.
  • the indication means is configured as a circular disc comprising an inner opening.
  • the indication means comprises slanted surfaces.
  • the slanted surfaces have an inclination angles of 20.8°.
  • the slanted surface comprise smooth surfaces.
  • the slanted surfaces comprises indentations.
  • the indentations comprise notches.
  • the notches are arranged opposite to each other.
  • the notches that ident into the surfaces define pass-like indentations having straight surfaces.
  • the pass-like indentions traverse from the side surface towards the inner opening.
  • the indications means comprise notches that ident into the surfaces defining wedged shaped indentations having slanted side surfaces.
  • the notches define triangular openings in the side surface of the indication means.
  • the slanted side surfaces extend from the side surface towards the inner opening in such a manner that the side surfaces when reaching the inner opening come together defining an apex.
  • the indications means comprise notches that ident into the slanted surfaces defining wedged shaped indentations having slanted side surfaces.
  • the notches define triangular openings in the side surface of the indication means.
  • the slanted side surfaces extend from the side surface towards the inner opening in such a manner that the side surfaces when reaching the inner opening define an opening.
  • the body of the indication means comprises a first fluid and a second fluid, the first and second fluids when combined together emit visible light, wherein the indication means is adapted (1 ) to maintain the first and second fluids isolated while the stabilisation apparatus is under proper operating conditions and (2) the indication means is adapted to mix the first and second fluid for emitting electromagnetic radiation when the variation in the quality of the support provided by the stabilisation apparatus occurs.
  • the body contains a first fluid, and at least one body (such as one or more glass capsule) inside the body, the inner body containing a second fluid and the inner body being adapted to maintain the first and second fluids isolated while the stabilisation apparatus is under proper operating conditions and installed in the rock formation, wherein the body of the indication means is adapted to fracture the inner body for mixing of the first and second fluid when the variation in the quality of the support provided by the stabilisation apparatus occurs.
  • the body of the indication means is adapted to fracture the inner body for mixing of the first and second fluid when the variation in the quality of the support provided by the stabilisation apparatus occurs.
  • the body of the indication means comprises deformable material
  • the inner body comprises fragile material such as glass for fracturing of the inner body to occur.
  • a monitoring device for monitoring a stabilisation apparatus inserted in a rock formation, the monitoring device comprising an indication means in accordance with the first aspect of the invention and means for operatively associating the indication means with the stabilisation apparatus such that when the variation in the quality of the support provided by the stabilisation apparatus occurs, the indication means provide an indication of the occurrence of the variation.
  • the variation in the quality of support comprises the variation of the amount of load that the rock bolt is capable to support.
  • the stabilisation apparatus comprises a rockbolt comprising a rod, a retaining plate and a stopper for securing of the retaining plate against the exterior surface of the rock formation when the rod is inserted in the rock formation for support thereof.
  • the monitoring device is adapted to be attached between the retaining plate and the stopper.
  • the monitoring device comprises and inner opening for receiving a portion of the rod extending outwardly from the exterior surface of the rock formation.
  • the indication means comprise a deformable mass
  • the means for operatively associating the indication means with the stabilisation apparatus comprises a plurality of plates for sandwiching the indications means therebetween.
  • the plates and the indication means comprise inner openings for receiving a portion of the stabilisation apparatus.
  • the plates are configured as tapered washers having an outer surface of greater surface area than its inner surface defining an inclined side surface.
  • first plate comprising a first surface adapted for receiving a first surface of the indication means, and a second surface adapted for receiving a portion of the stabilisation apparatus.
  • the first surface is slanted having an inclination angle of the same numerical value than the inclination angle of the surface of the indication means.
  • the inclination angle is 20.8°.
  • the second surface comprises an inclination angle having a specific inclination angle for receiving the portion of the stabilisation apparatus.
  • the portion of the stabilisation apparatus comprises the retention plate.
  • the specific inclination angle is 45°.
  • a second plate comprising a first surface adapted for receiving a second surface of the indication means and a second surface adapted for receiving another portion of the stabilisation apparatus.
  • first surface of the second plate is configured in such a manner such as to receive the second surface of the indication means.
  • the second surface of the second plate is slanted having an inclination angle of the same numerical value than the inclination angle of the second surface of the indication means.
  • the inclination angle is 20.8°.
  • the second surface of the second plate is configured in such a manner such as to receive another portion of the rockbolt.
  • the second plate comprises a flush surface.
  • the another portion of the rockbolt is the stopper.
  • the first and second plates comprise 7H Nylon
  • a method for monitoring a stabilisation apparatus inserted in a rock formation comprises the step of operatively associating the indication means in accordance with the first aspect of the invention with the stabilisation apparatus.
  • Figure 1 is a front perspective view of a particular arrangement of a monitoring device in accordance with a first embodiment of the invention mounted on a rock bolt prior use thereof showing the monitoring device in the uncompressed condition;
  • FIG 2 is a front perspective view of the monitoring device shown in figure 1 having been removed once the integrity of the rock bolt has been compromised showing the monitoring device in the compressed condition;
  • Figure 3 is a cross-sectional view of another arrangement of a monitoring device in accordance with a second embodiment of the invention in the uncompressed condition;
  • Figure 4 is a side view of the monitoring device shown in figure 3 in the compressed condition
  • Figure 5 is a top view of the indication means of the monitoring device shown in figure 3;
  • Figure 6 is a perspective view of the indication means shown in figure 5;
  • Figure 7 is a top view of a first arrangement of an indication means in accordance with a third embodiment of the invention in the uncompressed condition
  • Figure 8 is a cross section along the line A-A of the indication means shown in figure 7
  • Figure 9 is a perspective view of a second arrangement of an indication means in accordance with the third embodiment of the invention in the uncompressed condition
  • Figure 10 is a top view of the indication means shown in figure 9;
  • Figure 1 1 is a side view of the indication means shown in figure 9;
  • Figure 12 is a perspective view of a third arrangement of an indication means in accordance with the third embodiment of the invention in the uncompressed condition
  • Figure 13 is a top view of the indication means shown in figure 12;
  • Figure 14 is a side view of the indication means shown in figure 12;
  • Figure 15 is a perspective view of a fourth arrangement of an indication means in accordance with the third embodiment of the invention in the uncompressed condition
  • Figure 16 is a top view of the indication means shown in figure 15;
  • Figure 17 is a side view of the indication means shown in figure 15;
  • Figure 18 is a top view of a particular arrangement of a plate for use in conjunction with the indication means in accordance with the third embodiment of the invention in the uncompressed condition;
  • Figure 19 is a cross section along the line A-A of the upper plate shown in figure 18;
  • Figure 20 is a top view of a particular arrangement of another plate for use in conjunction with the indication means in accordance with the third embodiment of the invention in the uncompressed condition;
  • Figure 21 is a cross section along the line A-A of the bottom plate shown in figure 18;
  • Figure 22 is a bottom perspective view of a friction rockbolt in use incorporating a monitoring in accordance with the third embodiment of the invention.
  • FIGs 1 and 2 show a particular arrangement of a monitoring device 10 in accordance with the first and second embodiment of the invention mounted onto a stabilisation apparatus such as a rockbolt 12.
  • Figure 22 shows a monitoring device 10 in accordance with the third embodiment of the invention mounted onto a stabilisation apparatus 12 such as a friction rockbolt 12.
  • the monitoring device 10 comprises indication means 22 for monitoring the stabilisation apparatus (such as a rockbolt) 12 inserted in a rock formation 46
  • the indication means 22 comprises a body adapted to provide an indication of the status of the stabilisation apparatus providing support to the rock formation 46.
  • the body of the indication means 22 is operatively associated with the stabilisation apparatus such that upon variation in the quality of support provided by the stabilisation apparatus to the rock formation 46, the indications means 22 provide an indication of the variations in the quality of support provided by the stabilisation apparatus.
  • the variation in the quality of support provided by the stabilisation apparatus to the rock formation 46 may result in the termination of the working life of the stabilisation apparatus.
  • the indication means 22 may also indicate when a stabilisation apparatus has been damaged during installation, manufacture or transportation, or that the rockbolt is not suitable for the particular purpose it is given.
  • the monitoring device 10 is in the uncompressed condition prior to its use; and, in figure 2, the monitoring device 10 is in the compressed condition after its use and at completion of the working life of the rock bolt 12.
  • the monitoring device 10 provides an indication that the rockbolt 12 (onto which the monitoring device 10 is mounted) has reached its working life.
  • the monitoring device 10 comprises indication means 22 adapted to provide an indication to personnel in, for example, underground mines when the rockbolt 12 has reached its working life and needs to be replaced.
  • the monitoring device 10 provides the indication that the rockbolt 12 has reached its working life in a visual manner.
  • reaching of the working life of the rockbolt 12 is indicated via deformation of a mass of material.
  • a indication means 22 is operatively associated to the rockbolt 12 in such a manner that when the rockbolt 12 cannot hold the load applied to the rockbolt 12 while being inserted in the rock formation, the indication means 22 is deformed permitting personnel to visualize deformation of the indication means 22 and proceed to replace the compromised rockbolt 12 with a new rockbolt 12.
  • the monitoring device 10 comprises a plurality of plates 14a and 14b with the indication means 22 (the indication means of material 22) sandwiched between the plates 14.
  • the monitoring device 10 is attached to the rockbolt 12 such that the monitoring device 10 is sandwiched between the retaining plate 16 and the bolt 20; for this, the plates 14 and the indication means 22 comprise openings 34 and 36 for receiving a portion the rod 18 of the rockbolt 12 that extends outwardly from the exterior surface of the rock formation.
  • the monitoring device 10 is located between the retaining plate 16 and the nut 20 of the rockbolt 12 is particularly advantageous because in this manner, when the working life of the rockbolt 12 has reached its end, the retaining plate 16 losses its grip on the rod 18 and is displaced towards the nut 20.
  • the plates 14 of the monitoring device 10 are brought together compressing the indication means 22; this compressing results in a deformation of the indication means 22.
  • the deformed indication means 22 acts as a visual indication that the rockbolt 12 has reaches its working life and that the rock bolt needs to be replaced.
  • FIGS 3 and 4 show another arrangement of a monitoring device 10 in accordance with another embodiment of the invention.
  • the plates 14a and 14b are configured as tapered washers having an outer surface 24a of greater surface area than its inner surface 24b defining an inclined side surface 26.
  • the indication means 22 comprises a deformable mass for providing the visual indication that a variation in the capacity of the rock bolt 12 to support load has occurred.
  • the indication means 22 is configured as a circular disc 28 (see figure 6) having exterior surfaces 30a (and 30b hidden from view) adapted to receive the inner surfaces 24b of the plates 14, and a side surface 32.
  • the plates 14 and the indication means 22 comprises, respectively, openings 34 and 36 traversing the indication means 22 in its axial direction to permit attachment of the monitoring device 10 to the rockbolt 12.
  • the exterior surfaces 30 of the indication means 22 are flat surfaces that upon receiving the plates 14 are slightly deformed (without affecting the overall shape of the indication means) to permit the plates 14 to be imbedded in the exterior surfaces 30 as shown in figure 30.
  • the exterior surfaces 30 may be configured to the counterpart shape of the inner surfaces 24b of the plates 14 so that the plates 14 are received on the exterior surfaces 30 without deforming the exterior surfaces of the indication means 22.
  • the monitoring device 10 is mounted onto the rockbolt 12 after having inserted its rod 18 in the rock formation 12 and attached the retaining plate 16 to the rod 18 such that the retaining plate 16 abuts the exterior surface of the rock formation.
  • the monitoring device 10 is mounted on the portion of the rod 18 extending out of the rock formation by traversing the openings 34 and 36 of the monitoring device 10.
  • the nut 20 is fastened to the rod 18 of the rockbolt 12 such that the monitoring device 10 is compressed between the retaining plates 16 and the nut 20 taking care that no force is applied to the indication means 22 that would trigger the function of the indication means 22 which is, for example, deformation of the indication means 22 to indicate that a force of a specific magnitude was applied to the indication means 22 at, for example, termination of the working life of the rockbolt 12.
  • the indication means 22 is not activated thus not showing, for example, any deformation of the indication means 22.
  • the retaining plate 16 losses its grip to the rod 18 and moves away from the exterior surface of the rock formation (in which the rockbolt 12 is inserted) thus compressing the monitoring device 10 and in particular compressing of the indication means 22 resulting in the indication means 22 to indicate that the working life of the rockbolt 12 has expired and that the rockbolt 12 needs replacement.
  • the indication means 22 indicate that the working life of the rockbolt 12 has expired via deformation of the indication means 22; in particular, expiry of the working life of the rockbolt 12 can be detected by personnel, for example operating in an underground mine, by visually detecting the deformation of the indication means 22. Upon detection of the indication means 22, the personnel may replace the damaged or worn-out rockbolt 12 with a new rockbolt 12 comprising a new monitoring device 10.
  • the indication means 22 may comprise any material that permits deformation and once it is deformed it stays in the deformed condition. Particular examples of deformable materials that may be used comprise any one of nylon or polyurethane, among other suitable materials.
  • the indication means 22 may comprise means for improving its visibility. Examples of these means may be a bright coloured outer side surface 32, or reflective material surrounding the outer side surface 32. Inclusion of means for improving the visibility of the indication means 22 is particularly useful because it improves the spotting (visualisation) of the indication means 22, in for example, underground mines.
  • Figures 7 to 17 show particular arrangements of indication means 22 in accordance with a third arrangement of the invention.
  • Figures 7 and 8 show a first arrangement of the indication means 22 in accordance with the present embodiment of the invention.
  • the indication means 22 in accordance with the third embodiment of the invention is configured as a circular disc 28.
  • the indication means 22 comprises an exterior surfaces 30a and 30b (see figure 8) adapted to receive the inner surfaces 24a and 24b of the plates 14 (shown in figure 18 to 21 ), and a side surface 32.
  • the exterior surfaces 30a and 30b comprise slanted surfaces that slope down from ends of the side surface 30a and 30b towards the inner opening 36; as shown in figure 8.
  • the slanted surfaces 30 comprise an inclination angle of 20.8 degree.
  • the slanted surfaces 30 provide the indication means 22 with an outermost width and an inner most width. As shown in figure 8, in an arrangement, the outermost width is 15 mm and an inner most width is 7.4 mm.
  • the surfaces 30a and 30b comprise smooth surfaces excluding any irregularities that, for example, ident into the surfaces such as notches 38.
  • the second to fourth arrangements comprise notches 38 indenting into the exterior surfaces 30a and 30b.
  • the notches 38 are arranged opposite to each other as seen best in figure 10.
  • the second and fourth arrangements differ with respect to each other in the particular configurations of the notches 38 that ident into the surfaces 30.
  • indications means 22 shown in figures 9 to 1 1 comprises notches 38 that ident into the surfaces 30 defining a pass-like indentation having straight surfaces 40.
  • the pass-like indention 38a traverses from the side surface 32 towards the opening 36.
  • the particular arrangement of indications means 22 shown in figures 12 to 14 comprises notches 38b that ident into the surfaces 30 defining wedged shaped indentations 39 having slanted side surfaces 40b.
  • the notches 38b define triangular openings 42 in the side surface 32.
  • the slanted side surfaces 40b extend from the side surface 32 in such a manner that the side surfaces 40b, when reaching the inner opening 36, come together defining an apex 43 as shown in figure 12.
  • the particular arrangement of indications means 22 shown in figures 15 to 17 comprises notches 38c that ident into the surfaces 30 defining wedged shaped indentations having slanted side surfaces 40c.
  • the notches 38b define triangular openings 42 in the side surface 32.
  • the slanted side surfaces 40c extend from the side surface 32 towards the opening 36 in such a manner that the side surfaces 40c, when reaching the inner opening 36, define an opening 44 as shown in figures 15 and 16.
  • FIG. 18 figures 18 and 19 depict plate 14a; and figures 20 to 21 depict plate 14b. Plates 14a and 14b are used for sandwiching between them the indication means 22.
  • the plates 14 comprise openings 34, and inner surfaces 24b for abutment to the surfaces 30 of the indication means 22.
  • Figures 18 and 19 depicts the plate 14a to be mounted on the surface 30a of the indication means 22 as is shown in figures 3 and 4 in relation to the first and second embodiment of the invention.
  • the inner surface 24b (first surface) of the plate 14a (the first plate shown in figures 18 and 19) is configured in such a manner such as to be received by the surface 30a of the indication means 22.
  • the outer surface 24a of the plate 14a is configured in such a manner such as to receive the retaining plate 16 of the rockbolt 12 - see figures 1 and 2.
  • the inner surface 24b is slanted having an inclination angle of the same numerical value than the inclination angle of the surface 30a of the indication means 22; the fact that the inclination angles have the same numerical value is particular advantageous because permits proper fitting between both surface 24b and 30a.
  • the surface 24a comprises an inclination angle having a specific inclination angle to ensure proper fitting of the retention plate 16 of the rockbolt 12.
  • Figures 20 and 21 depicts the plate 14b adapted to receive the surface 30b of the indication means 22 as, for example, is shown in figures 3 and 4 in relation to the first and second embodiment of the invention.
  • the inner surface 24b (first surface) of the plate 14b (the second plate as shown in figures 20 and 21 ) is configured in such a manner such as to receive the surface 30b (the second surface) of the indication means 22.
  • the outer surface 24a of the plate 14b is configured in such a manner such as to receive the nut 20 of the rockbolt 12.
  • the inner surface 24b is slanted having an inclination angle of the same numerical value than the inclination angle of the surface 30b of the indication means 22; the fact that the inclination angles have the same numerical value is particular advantageous because permits proper fitting between both surface 24b and 30b.
  • the surface 24a is a smooth surface for receiving the stopper (such as nut or ring 20) of the rockbolt 12.
  • the indication means 22 may be manufacture out of 5H Nylon and the plates 14 may be 7H Nylon Black.
  • figures 7 to 21 indicate the dimensions and configuration that the particular arrangements of indication means 22 and plates 24 (described before) have.
  • Alternative arrangements of the indication means 22 and plates 24 may have other dimensions and configurations; in particular, for example, the indication means 22 and plates 24 may be dimensioned and configured to fit any type of rockbolt or similar device.
  • first and second embodiment of the invention has been described with reference to a rockbolt comprising a rod and a nut acting as a stopper.
  • present embodiments of the invention may be used in connection with friction rockbolts having a partially spliced rod and ring.
  • Figure 22 shows a friction rockbolt in use incorporating a monitoring in accordance with the third embodiment of the invention.
  • the scope of the invention is not limited to the scope of the embodiments disclosed.
  • the visual indication that indicates that the working life of the rockbolt 12 has expired may not be based on the visualisation of a deformation of the indication means 22; instead, the visual indication that indicates that the working life of the rockbolt 12 has expired may be based on emission of electromagnetic radiation such as visible light.
  • the indication means 22 may comprise a translucent body containing isolated substances that when combined, their mixture emits visible light due to the chemiluminescence effect.
  • the body of the monitoring device 10 in accordance with the alternative embodiment of the invention may comprise a deformable body (such as a plastic body) containing a first fluid, and one or more inner bodies (such as one or more glass capsule) containing a second fluid to maintain the first and second fluids isolated while the rockbolt 12 is installed and still operational for properly supporting the rock formation.
  • the first and second fluids when combined together emit visible light.
  • An example of the first solution is Phenyl oxalate and fluorescent dye solution and an example of the second solution is Flydrogen peroxide solution.
  • the indication means 22 (of the monitoring device 10 in accordance with the alternative embodiment of the invention) will be compressed expiry of the working life of the rockbolt 12 occurs, in particular, the body of the indication means 22 is compressed fracturing the inner body (such as the glass capsule(s)) permitting mixing of the first and second fluids resulting in emission of visible light being visually detectable and prompting replacement of the worn-out or damaged rockbolt 12.
  • This alternative embodiment of the invention is particularly useful in underground mines deprived of visible light because any rockbolt which working life has expired may be detected by personnel working in the underground mines without the aid of light sources and even when located at relative remote locations with respect to the particular rockbolt 12 which working life has expired.

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • General Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • Mining & Mineral Resources (AREA)
  • Structural Engineering (AREA)
  • Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
  • General Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
  • Geochemistry & Mineralogy (AREA)
  • Geology (AREA)
  • Lining And Supports For Tunnels (AREA)

Abstract

An indication means for monitoring a stabilisation apparatus inserted in a rock formation, the indication means comprising a body adapted to provide an indication of the status of the stabilisation apparatus providing support to the rock formation, wherein the body is operatively associated with the stabilisation apparatus such that upon variation in the quality of support provided by the stabilisation apparatus to the rock formation, the indications means provide an indication that the variation in the quality of the support provided by the stabilisation apparatus has occurred. There is also provided a monitoring device for monitoring a stabilisation apparatus inserted in a rock formation, the monitoring device comprising the indication means and means for operatively associating the indication means with the stabilisation apparatus, and the stabilisation apparatus comprising the monitoring device.

Description

Monitoring Device
TECHNICAL FIELD
[0001 ] The present invention relates to monitoring devices such as monitoring devices for monitoring the integrity of a device during use thereof
[0002] The invention has been devised particularly, although not necessarily solely, in relation to a monitoring device for monitoring the integrity of a device such as a rock bolt during use thereof and in particular to monitor whether the rock bolt is capable to maintain a particular load during its use.
BACKGROUND ART
[0003] The following discussion of the background art is intended to facilitate an understanding of the present invention only. The discussion is not an acknowledgement or admission that any of the material referred to is or was part of the common general knowledge as at the priority date of the application.
[0004] Mines, such as underground mines or open pit mines, require ground support to impede collapse of the mines; in particular to avoid collapsing of the roof and walls of the mines.
[0005] Particular stabilisation apparatus are used for supporting the rock formations of tunnels or shafts drilled during mining procedures. In particular, the stabilisation apparatus are suited for supporting the roofs and walls of mine tunnels or mine shafts of, for example, the underground mines.
[0006] A particular type of stabilisation apparatus is a rockbolt 12 comprising a rod 18 and a retaining plate 16 - see figure 1. After the rockbolt 12 has been installed within the earth formation via insertion of the rod 18 in the earth formation, the retaining plate 16 abuts the exterior surface of the earth formation that surrounds the opening in which the rod 18 has been inserted; a nut 20 (acting as a stopper) is attached to the end of the rod 18 (extending out of the rock formation and secured to the rod 18 such that the retaining plate 16 is compressed between the exterior surface of the rock formation and the nut 20. The rod 18 when installed within the formation exerts radial pressure against the inner surface of the formation over the full length of the rod 18. This arrangement secures the earth formation.
[0007] Another type of stabilisation apparatus comprises a rod, a retaining plate and a ring (acting as a stopper) welded to rod, in particular to the end of the rod that is exterior to the rock formation when the rockbolt is in use. The rod comprises a pipe section with a tapered end. A slot extends along the longitude of the pipe section. After the stabilisation apparatus has been installed within the earth formation, the support area of the retaining plate abuts the exterior surface of the earth formation that surrounds the opening in which the pipe section has been inserted. The rod when installed within the formation exerts radial pressure against the inner surface of the formation over the full length of the rod. This arrangement secures the earth formation. This particular type of stabilisation apparatus is, typically, known us a friction rockbolt.
[0008] These particular stabilisation apparatus have proven to be suitable for providing ground support to mine structures as long as the stabilisation apparatus is capable to hold the load for which they are designed. However, each stabilisation apparatus has a particular working life which wary on several factors such as the load to be applied to the stabilisation apparatus during its working life while being in use inserted in the rock formation.
[0009] To ensure stability of the underground mine it is essential to be able to detect when the useful working life of each of the stabilisation apparatus is close to termination for replacement of any stabilisation apparatus which integrity is compromised due to reaching the ends of its working life. It is also essential to be able to detect when a stabilisation apparatus has been damaged during installation, manufacture or transportation, or that the stabilisation apparatus is not suitable for the particular purpose it is given
[0010] Detection of the end of the working life of the stabilisation is a difficult tasks in particular in underground mines. Solutions have been developed however, none have been able to properly detect the end of the working life of the stabilisation apparatus such as rockbolts.
[001 1 ] It is against this background that the present invention has been developed. SUMMARY OF INVENTION
[0012] According to a first aspect of the invention there is provided an indication means for monitoring a stabilisation apparatus inserted in a rock formation, the indication means comprising a body adapted to provide an indication of the status of the stabilisation apparatus providing support to the rock formation, wherein the body is operatively associated with the stabilisation apparatus such that upon variation in the quality of support provided by the stabilisation apparatus to the rock formation, the indications means provide an indication that the variation in the quality of the support provided by the stabilisation apparatus has occurred.
[0013] Preferably, the variation in the quality of support comprises the variation of the amount of load that the rock bolt is capable to support.
[0014] Preferably, the indication means comprises a visual indication.
[0015] Preferably, the indication means provides an indication that the stabilisation apparatus has reached its working life.
[0016] Preferably, the stabilisation apparatus comprises a rockbolt.
[0017] Preferably, the body of the indication means comprises a deformable mass.
[0018] Preferably, the deformable mass comprises material that permits deformation, and once it is deformed it stays in the deformed condition.
[0019] Preferably, particular examples of deformable materials comprise any one of nylon or polyurethane among other suitable materials.
[0020] In a particular arrangement, the deformable mass comprises 5H Nylon.
[0021 ] Preferably, the indication means is configured as a circular disc comprising an inner opening.
[0022] Preferably, the circular disc has the following dimensions: n = 25 mm and r2 = 35 mm, and an outermost width of 15 mm and an inner most width of 7.4 mm. [0023] Preferably, the indication means comprises slanted surfaces.
[0024] Preferably, the slanted surfaces have an inclination angles of 20.8°.
[0025] Preferably, the slanted surface comprise smooth surfaces.
[0026] In alternative arrangements, the slanted surfaces comprises indentations. [0027] Preferably, the indentations comprise notches.
[0028] Preferably, there are provided a plurality of notches indenting into each slanted surface.
[0029] Preferably, the notches are arranged opposite to each other.
[0030] In a first alternative arrangement, the notches that ident into the surfaces define pass-like indentations having straight surfaces.
[0031 ] Preferably, the pass-like indentions traverse from the side surface towards the inner opening.
[0032] In a second alternative arrangement, the indications means comprise notches that ident into the surfaces defining wedged shaped indentations having slanted side surfaces.
[0033] Preferably, the notches define triangular openings in the side surface of the indication means.
[0034] Preferably, the slanted side surfaces extend from the side surface towards the inner opening in such a manner that the side surfaces when reaching the inner opening come together defining an apex.
[0035] In a third alternative arrangement, the indications means comprise notches that ident into the slanted surfaces defining wedged shaped indentations having slanted side surfaces. [0036] Preferably, the notches define triangular openings in the side surface of the indication means.
[0037] Preferably, the slanted side surfaces extend from the side surface towards the inner opening in such a manner that the side surfaces when reaching the inner opening define an opening.
[0038] In an alternative arrangement, the body of the indication means comprises a first fluid and a second fluid, the first and second fluids when combined together emit visible light, wherein the indication means is adapted (1 ) to maintain the first and second fluids isolated while the stabilisation apparatus is under proper operating conditions and (2) the indication means is adapted to mix the first and second fluid for emitting electromagnetic radiation when the variation in the quality of the support provided by the stabilisation apparatus occurs.
[0039] Preferably, the body contains a first fluid, and at least one body (such as one or more glass capsule) inside the body, the inner body containing a second fluid and the inner body being adapted to maintain the first and second fluids isolated while the stabilisation apparatus is under proper operating conditions and installed in the rock formation, wherein the body of the indication means is adapted to fracture the inner body for mixing of the first and second fluid when the variation in the quality of the support provided by the stabilisation apparatus occurs.
[0040] Preferably, the body of the indication means comprises deformable material
[0041 ] Preferably the inner body comprises fragile material such as glass for fracturing of the inner body to occur.
[0042] According to a second aspect of the invention there is provided a monitoring device for monitoring a stabilisation apparatus inserted in a rock formation, the monitoring device comprising an indication means in accordance with the first aspect of the invention and means for operatively associating the indication means with the stabilisation apparatus such that when the variation in the quality of the support provided by the stabilisation apparatus occurs, the indication means provide an indication of the occurrence of the variation. [0043] Preferably, the variation in the quality of support comprises the variation of the amount of load that the rock bolt is capable to support.
[0044] Preferably, the stabilisation apparatus comprises a rockbolt comprising a rod, a retaining plate and a stopper for securing of the retaining plate against the exterior surface of the rock formation when the rod is inserted in the rock formation for support thereof.
[0045] Preferably, the monitoring device is adapted to be attached between the retaining plate and the stopper.
[0046] Preferably, the monitoring device comprises and inner opening for receiving a portion of the rod extending outwardly from the exterior surface of the rock formation.
[0047] In a particular arrangement, the indication means comprise a deformable mass
[0048] Preferably, the means for operatively associating the indication means with the stabilisation apparatus comprises a plurality of plates for sandwiching the indications means therebetween.
[0049] Preferably, the plates and the indication means comprise inner openings for receiving a portion of the stabilisation apparatus.
[0050] Preferably, the plates are configured as tapered washers having an outer surface of greater surface area than its inner surface defining an inclined side surface.
[0051 ] In a particular arrangement, there is a first plate comprising a first surface adapted for receiving a first surface of the indication means, and a second surface adapted for receiving a portion of the stabilisation apparatus.
[0052] Preferably, the first surface is slanted having an inclination angle of the same numerical value than the inclination angle of the surface of the indication means.
[0053] Preferably, the inclination angle is 20.8°. [0054] Preferably, the second surface comprises an inclination angle having a specific inclination angle for receiving the portion of the stabilisation apparatus.
[0055] Preferably, the portion of the stabilisation apparatus comprises the retention plate.
[0056] Preferably, the specific inclination angle is 45°.
[0057] In a particular arrangement, there is a second plate comprising a first surface adapted for receiving a second surface of the indication means and a second surface adapted for receiving another portion of the stabilisation apparatus.
[0058] Preferably, first surface of the second plate is configured in such a manner such as to receive the second surface of the indication means.
[0059] Preferably, the second surface of the second plate is slanted having an inclination angle of the same numerical value than the inclination angle of the second surface of the indication means.
[0060] Preferably, the inclination angle is 20.8°.
[0061 ] Preferably, the second surface of the second plate is configured in such a manner such as to receive another portion of the rockbolt.
[0062] Preferably, the second plate comprises a flush surface.
[0063] Preferably, the another portion of the rockbolt is the stopper.
[0064] In a particular arrangement, the first and second plates comprise 7H Nylon
Black.
[0065] According to a third aspect of the invention there is provided a method for monitoring a stabilisation apparatus inserted in a rock formation, the method comprises the step of operatively associating the indication means in accordance with the first aspect of the invention with the stabilisation apparatus. [0066] According to a fourth aspect of the invention there is provided a stabilisation apparatus for insertion in a rock formation, the stabilisation apparatus comprises a rod, a retaining plate, and a stopper for securing = of the retaining plate against the exterior surface of the rock formation when the rod is inserted in the rock formation for support thereof, wherein the stabilisation apparatus comprises a monitoring device in accordance with the second aspect of the invention.
BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS
[0067] Further features of the present invention are more fully described in the following description of several non-limiting embodiments thereof. This description is included solely for the purposes of exemplifying the present invention. It should not be understood as a restriction on the broad summary, disclosure or description of the invention as set out above. The description will be made with reference to the accompanying drawings in which:
Figure 1 is a front perspective view of a particular arrangement of a monitoring device in accordance with a first embodiment of the invention mounted on a rock bolt prior use thereof showing the monitoring device in the uncompressed condition;
Figure 2 is a front perspective view of the monitoring device shown in figure 1 having been removed once the integrity of the rock bolt has been compromised showing the monitoring device in the compressed condition;
Figure 3 is a cross-sectional view of another arrangement of a monitoring device in accordance with a second embodiment of the invention in the uncompressed condition;
Figure 4 is a side view of the monitoring device shown in figure 3 in the compressed condition;
Figure 5 is a top view of the indication means of the monitoring device shown in figure 3; Figure 6 is a perspective view of the indication means shown in figure 5;
Figure 7 is a top view of a first arrangement of an indication means in accordance with a third embodiment of the invention in the uncompressed condition;
Figure 8 is a cross section along the line A-A of the indication means shown in figure 7
Figure 9 is a perspective view of a second arrangement of an indication means in accordance with the third embodiment of the invention in the uncompressed condition;
Figure 10 is a top view of the indication means shown in figure 9;
Figure 1 1 is a side view of the indication means shown in figure 9;
Figure 12 is a perspective view of a third arrangement of an indication means in accordance with the third embodiment of the invention in the uncompressed condition;
Figure 13 is a top view of the indication means shown in figure 12;
Figure 14 is a side view of the indication means shown in figure 12;
Figure 15 is a perspective view of a fourth arrangement of an indication means in accordance with the third embodiment of the invention in the uncompressed condition;
Figure 16 is a top view of the indication means shown in figure 15;
Figure 17 is a side view of the indication means shown in figure 15;
Figure 18 is a top view of a particular arrangement of a plate for use in conjunction with the indication means in accordance with the third embodiment of the invention in the uncompressed condition; Figure 19 is a cross section along the line A-A of the upper plate shown in figure 18;
Figure 20 is a top view of a particular arrangement of another plate for use in conjunction with the indication means in accordance with the third embodiment of the invention in the uncompressed condition;
Figure 21 is a cross section along the line A-A of the bottom plate shown in figure 18; and
Figure 22 is a bottom perspective view of a friction rockbolt in use incorporating a monitoring in accordance with the third embodiment of the invention.
[0068] It should be noted that the figures are schematic only and the location and disposition of the components can vary according to the particular arrangements of the embodiments of the present invention as well as of the particular applications of the present invention.
DESCRIPTION OF EMBODIMENT(S)
[0069] Figures 1 and 2 show a particular arrangement of a monitoring device 10 in accordance with the first and second embodiment of the invention mounted onto a stabilisation apparatus such as a rockbolt 12. Figure 22 shows a monitoring device 10 in accordance with the third embodiment of the invention mounted onto a stabilisation apparatus 12 such as a friction rockbolt 12.
[0070] The monitoring device 10 comprises indication means 22 for monitoring the stabilisation apparatus (such as a rockbolt) 12 inserted in a rock formation 46, the indication means 22 comprises a body adapted to provide an indication of the status of the stabilisation apparatus providing support to the rock formation 46. The body of the indication means 22 is operatively associated with the stabilisation apparatus such that upon variation in the quality of support provided by the stabilisation apparatus to the rock formation 46, the indications means 22 provide an indication of the variations in the quality of support provided by the stabilisation apparatus. The variation in the quality of support provided by the stabilisation apparatus to the rock formation 46 may result in the termination of the working life of the stabilisation apparatus. Moreover, the indication means 22 may also indicate when a stabilisation apparatus has been damaged during installation, manufacture or transportation, or that the rockbolt is not suitable for the particular purpose it is given.
[0071 ] In particular, in figure 1 , the monitoring device 10 is in the uncompressed condition prior to its use; and, in figure 2, the monitoring device 10 is in the compressed condition after its use and at completion of the working life of the rock bolt 12.
[0072] As will be described with reference with the method of operation of the monitoring device 10, the monitoring device 10 provides an indication that the rockbolt 12 (onto which the monitoring device 10 is mounted) has reached its working life. For this, the monitoring device 10 comprises indication means 22 adapted to provide an indication to personnel in, for example, underground mines when the rockbolt 12 has reached its working life and needs to be replaced.
[0073] In accordance with a particular embodiment of the invention, the monitoring device 10 provides the indication that the rockbolt 12 has reached its working life in a visual manner. In the particular arrangement shown in the figures, reaching of the working life of the rockbolt 12 is indicated via deformation of a mass of material. In particular, a indication means 22 is operatively associated to the rockbolt 12 in such a manner that when the rockbolt 12 cannot hold the load applied to the rockbolt 12 while being inserted in the rock formation, the indication means 22 is deformed permitting personnel to visualize deformation of the indication means 22 and proceed to replace the compromised rockbolt 12 with a new rockbolt 12.
[0074] Referring now to figures 1 and 2, the monitoring device 10 comprises a plurality of plates 14a and 14b with the indication means 22 (the indication means of material 22) sandwiched between the plates 14.
[0075] As shown in figures 1 and 2, during its use the monitoring device 10 is attached to the rockbolt 12 such that the monitoring device 10 is sandwiched between the retaining plate 16 and the bolt 20; for this, the plates 14 and the indication means 22 comprise openings 34 and 36 for receiving a portion the rod 18 of the rockbolt 12 that extends outwardly from the exterior surface of the rock formation. [0076] The fact that the monitoring device 10 is located between the retaining plate 16 and the nut 20 of the rockbolt 12 is particularly advantageous because in this manner, when the working life of the rockbolt 12 has reached its end, the retaining plate 16 losses its grip on the rod 18 and is displaced towards the nut 20. In view that the monitoring device 10 is located between the retaining plate 16 and the nut 20 of the rockbolt 12, the plates 14 of the monitoring device 10 are brought together compressing the indication means 22; this compressing results in a deformation of the indication means 22. As mentioned before, the deformed indication means 22 (as can be appreciated in figure 2) acts as a visual indication that the rockbolt 12 has reaches its working life and that the rock bolt needs to be replaced.
[0077] Figures 3 and 4 show another arrangement of a monitoring device 10 in accordance with another embodiment of the invention.
[0078] As shown in figure 3 - depicting a cross-sectional view of the monitoring device 10 along the line 3-3’ of the indication means 22 shown in figure 6 - the plates 14a and 14b (between which the indication means 22 is sandwiched) are configured as tapered washers having an outer surface 24a of greater surface area than its inner surface 24b defining an inclined side surface 26. The indication means 22 comprises a deformable mass for providing the visual indication that a variation in the capacity of the rock bolt 12 to support load has occurred.
[0079] The indication means 22 is configured as a circular disc 28 (see figure 6) having exterior surfaces 30a (and 30b hidden from view) adapted to receive the inner surfaces 24b of the plates 14, and a side surface 32.
[0080] As mentioned before, the plates 14 and the indication means 22 comprises, respectively, openings 34 and 36 traversing the indication means 22 in its axial direction to permit attachment of the monitoring device 10 to the rockbolt 12.
[0081 ] In the particular arrangement shown in figure 6, the exterior surfaces 30 of the indication means 22 are flat surfaces that upon receiving the plates 14 are slightly deformed (without affecting the overall shape of the indication means) to permit the plates 14 to be imbedded in the exterior surfaces 30 as shown in figure 30. In alternative arrangements, the exterior surfaces 30 may be configured to the counterpart shape of the inner surfaces 24b of the plates 14 so that the plates 14 are received on the exterior surfaces 30 without deforming the exterior surfaces of the indication means 22.
[0082] In operation, in a particular arrangement, the monitoring device 10 is mounted onto the rockbolt 12 after having inserted its rod 18 in the rock formation 12 and attached the retaining plate 16 to the rod 18 such that the retaining plate 16 abuts the exterior surface of the rock formation. In particular, the monitoring device 10 is mounted on the portion of the rod 18 extending out of the rock formation by traversing the openings 34 and 36 of the monitoring device 10.
[0083] Subsequently, the nut 20 is fastened to the rod 18 of the rockbolt 12 such that the monitoring device 10 is compressed between the retaining plates 16 and the nut 20 taking care that no force is applied to the indication means 22 that would trigger the function of the indication means 22 which is, for example, deformation of the indication means 22 to indicate that a force of a specific magnitude was applied to the indication means 22 at, for example, termination of the working life of the rockbolt 12.
[0084] During the working life of the rockbolt 12, the indication means 22 is not activated thus not showing, for example, any deformation of the indication means 22.
[0085] However, once the working life of the rockbolt 12 has expired and it needs replacement, as mentioned before, the retaining plate 16 losses its grip to the rod 18 and moves away from the exterior surface of the rock formation (in which the rockbolt 12 is inserted) thus compressing the monitoring device 10 and in particular compressing of the indication means 22 resulting in the indication means 22 to indicate that the working life of the rockbolt 12 has expired and that the rockbolt 12 needs replacement. As mentioned before, in the particular arrangement of the monitoring device 12 shown in the figures, the indication means 22 indicate that the working life of the rockbolt 12 has expired via deformation of the indication means 22; in particular, expiry of the working life of the rockbolt 12 can be detected by personnel, for example operating in an underground mine, by visually detecting the deformation of the indication means 22. Upon detection of the indication means 22, the personnel may replace the damaged or worn-out rockbolt 12 with a new rockbolt 12 comprising a new monitoring device 10.
[0086] The indication means 22 may comprise any material that permits deformation and once it is deformed it stays in the deformed condition. Particular examples of deformable materials that may be used comprise any one of nylon or polyurethane, among other suitable materials. The indication means 22 may comprise means for improving its visibility. Examples of these means may be a bright coloured outer side surface 32, or reflective material surrounding the outer side surface 32. Inclusion of means for improving the visibility of the indication means 22 is particularly useful because it improves the spotting (visualisation) of the indication means 22, in for example, underground mines. A particular example of indication means 22 may be configured as a circular disc comprising an inner openings having the following dimensions: n = 25 mm and r2 = 35 mm and a width of 15 mm - see figures 5 and 6.
[0087] Figures 7 to 17 show particular arrangements of indication means 22 in accordance with a third arrangement of the invention.
[0088] Figures 7 and 8 show a first arrangement of the indication means 22 in accordance with the present embodiment of the invention.
[0089] As described before, in connection with the first and second embodiment of the invention, the indication means 22 in accordance with the third embodiment of the invention is configured as a circular disc 28. The indication means 22 comprises an exterior surfaces 30a and 30b (see figure 8) adapted to receive the inner surfaces 24a and 24b of the plates 14 (shown in figure 18 to 21 ), and a side surface 32.
[0090] The exterior surfaces 30a and 30b comprise slanted surfaces that slope down from ends of the side surface 30a and 30b towards the inner opening 36; as shown in figure 8. In a particular arrangement, the slanted surfaces 30 comprise an inclination angle of 20.8 degree. The slanted surfaces 30 provide the indication means 22 with an outermost width and an inner most width. As shown in figure 8, in an arrangement, the outermost width is 15 mm and an inner most width is 7.4 mm.
[0091 ] In the first arrangement the surfaces 30a and 30b comprise smooth surfaces excluding any irregularities that, for example, ident into the surfaces such as notches 38. In contrast, the second to fourth arrangements comprise notches 38 indenting into the exterior surfaces 30a and 30b. In the particular arrangement shown in the figures 9 to 17, there are provided a plurality of notches 38 indenting into each surface 30a and 30b. The notches 38 are arranged opposite to each other as seen best in figure 10. [0092] The second and fourth arrangements differ with respect to each other in the particular configurations of the notches 38 that ident into the surfaces 30.
[0093] The particular arrangement of indications means 22 shown in figures 9 to 1 1 comprises notches 38 that ident into the surfaces 30 defining a pass-like indentation having straight surfaces 40.
[0094] As shown in figure 10, the pass-like indention 38a traverses from the side surface 32 towards the opening 36.
[0095] The particular arrangement of indications means 22 shown in figures 12 to 14 comprises notches 38b that ident into the surfaces 30 defining wedged shaped indentations 39 having slanted side surfaces 40b. As shown in figure 14, the notches 38b define triangular openings 42 in the side surface 32. The slanted side surfaces 40b extend from the side surface 32 in such a manner that the side surfaces 40b, when reaching the inner opening 36, come together defining an apex 43 as shown in figure 12.
[0096] The particular arrangement of indications means 22 shown in figures 15 to 17 comprises notches 38c that ident into the surfaces 30 defining wedged shaped indentations having slanted side surfaces 40c. As shown in figure 17, the notches 38b define triangular openings 42 in the side surface 32. The slanted side surfaces 40c extend from the side surface 32 towards the opening 36 in such a manner that the side surfaces 40c, when reaching the inner opening 36, define an opening 44 as shown in figures 15 and 16.
[0097] Referring now to figures 18 to 21 , figures 18 and 19 depict plate 14a; and figures 20 to 21 depict plate 14b. Plates 14a and 14b are used for sandwiching between them the indication means 22.
[0098] The plates 14 comprise openings 34, and inner surfaces 24b for abutment to the surfaces 30 of the indication means 22.
[0099] Figures 18 and 19 depicts the plate 14a to be mounted on the surface 30a of the indication means 22 as is shown in figures 3 and 4 in relation to the first and second embodiment of the invention. The inner surface 24b (first surface) of the plate 14a (the first plate shown in figures 18 and 19) is configured in such a manner such as to be received by the surface 30a of the indication means 22. Also, the outer surface 24a of the plate 14a is configured in such a manner such as to receive the retaining plate 16 of the rockbolt 12 - see figures 1 and 2.
[00100] In particular, the inner surface 24b is slanted having an inclination angle of the same numerical value than the inclination angle of the surface 30a of the indication means 22; the fact that the inclination angles have the same numerical value is particular advantageous because permits proper fitting between both surface 24b and 30a.
[00101 ] Further, the surface 24a comprises an inclination angle having a specific inclination angle to ensure proper fitting of the retention plate 16 of the rockbolt 12.
[00102] Figures 20 and 21 depicts the plate 14b adapted to receive the surface 30b of the indication means 22 as, for example, is shown in figures 3 and 4 in relation to the first and second embodiment of the invention. The inner surface 24b (first surface) of the plate 14b (the second plate as shown in figures 20 and 21 ) is configured in such a manner such as to receive the surface 30b (the second surface) of the indication means 22. Also, the outer surface 24a of the plate 14b is configured in such a manner such as to receive the nut 20 of the rockbolt 12.
[00103] In particular, the inner surface 24b is slanted having an inclination angle of the same numerical value than the inclination angle of the surface 30b of the indication means 22; the fact that the inclination angles have the same numerical value is particular advantageous because permits proper fitting between both surface 24b and 30b.
[00104] Further, the surface 24a is a smooth surface for receiving the stopper (such as nut or ring 20) of the rockbolt 12.
[00105] In accordance with particular arrangements, the indication means 22 may be manufacture out of 5H Nylon and the plates 14 may be 7H Nylon Black.
[00106] Modifications and variations as would be apparent to a skilled addressee are deemed to be within the scope of the present invention. [00107] For example, figures 7 to 21 indicate the dimensions and configuration that the particular arrangements of indication means 22 and plates 24 (described before) have. Alternative arrangements of the indication means 22 and plates 24 may have other dimensions and configurations; in particular, for example, the indication means 22 and plates 24 may be dimensioned and configured to fit any type of rockbolt or similar device.
[00108] Further, the first and second embodiment of the invention has been described with reference to a rockbolt comprising a rod and a nut acting as a stopper. In alternative arrangements the present embodiments of the invention may be used in connection with friction rockbolts having a partially spliced rod and ring. Figure 22 shows a friction rockbolt in use incorporating a monitoring in accordance with the third embodiment of the invention.
[00109] Further, it should be appreciated that the scope of the invention is not limited to the scope of the embodiments disclosed. By way of example, in accordance with an alternative embodiment of the invention, the visual indication that indicates that the working life of the rockbolt 12 has expired may not be based on the visualisation of a deformation of the indication means 22; instead, the visual indication that indicates that the working life of the rockbolt 12 has expired may be based on emission of electromagnetic radiation such as visible light.
[001 10] For example, in an alternative embodiment of the invention, the indication means 22 may comprise a translucent body containing isolated substances that when combined, their mixture emits visible light due to the chemiluminescence effect.
[001 1 1 ] In a particular arrangement, the body of the monitoring device 10 in accordance with the alternative embodiment of the invention may comprise a deformable body (such as a plastic body) containing a first fluid, and one or more inner bodies (such as one or more glass capsule) containing a second fluid to maintain the first and second fluids isolated while the rockbolt 12 is installed and still operational for properly supporting the rock formation. The first and second fluids when combined together emit visible light. An example of the first solution is Phenyl oxalate and fluorescent dye solution and an example of the second solution is Flydrogen peroxide solution. [001 12] In operation, the indication means 22 (of the monitoring device 10 in accordance with the alternative embodiment of the invention) will be compressed expiry of the working life of the rockbolt 12 occurs, in particular, the body of the indication means 22 is compressed fracturing the inner body (such as the glass capsule(s)) permitting mixing of the first and second fluids resulting in emission of visible light being visually detectable and prompting replacement of the worn-out or damaged rockbolt 12.
[001 13] This alternative embodiment of the invention is particularly useful in underground mines deprived of visible light because any rockbolt which working life has expired may be detected by personnel working in the underground mines without the aid of light sources and even when located at relative remote locations with respect to the particular rockbolt 12 which working life has expired.
[001 14] Throughout this specification, unless the context requires otherwise, the word "comprise" or variations such as "comprises" or "comprising", will be understood to imply the inclusion of a stated integer or group of integers but not the exclusion of any other integer or group of integers.

Claims

1. An indication means for monitoring a stabilisation apparatus inserted in a rock formation, the indication means comprising a body adapted to provide an indication of the status of the stabilisation apparatus providing support to the rock formation, wherein the body is operatively associated with the stabilisation apparatus such that upon variation in the quality of support provided by the stabilisation apparatus to the rock formation, the indications means provide an indication that the variation in the quality of the support provided by the stabilisation apparatus has occurred.
2. An indication means in accordance with claim 1 wherein the variation in the quality of support comprises the variation of the amount of load that the rock bolt is capable to support.
3. An indication means in accordance with claims 1 or 2 wherein the indication means comprises a visual indication.
4. An indication means in accordance with any one of claims 1 to 3 wherein the indication means provides an indication that the stabilisation apparatus has reached its working life.
5. An indication means in accordance with any one of claims 1 to 4 wherein the stabilisation apparatus comprises a rockbolt.
6. An indication means in accordance with any one of claims 1 to 5 wherein the body of the indication means comprises a deformable mass.
7. An indication means in accordance with claim 6 wherein the deformable mass comprises material that permits deformation, and once it is deformed it stays in the deformed condition.
8. An indication means in accordance claim 7 wherein particular examples of deformable materials comprise any one of nylon or polyurethane among other suitable materials.
9. An indication means in accordance with claims 7 or 8 wherein the deformable material comprises 5H Nylon.
10. An indication means in accordance with any one of claims 1 to 10 wherein the body of the indication means is configured as a circular disc comprising an inner opening.
11. An indication means in accordance with claim 10 wherein the circular disc has the following dimensions: n = 25 mm and r2 = 35 mm, and an outermost width of 15 mm and an inner most width of 7.4 mm.
12. An indication means in accordance with any one of claims 1 to 1 1 wherein the indication means comprises slanted surfaces.
13. An indication means in accordance with claim 12 wherein the slanted surfaces have an inclination angles of 20.8°.
14. An indication means in accordance with claims 12 or 13 wherein the slanted surface comprise smooth surfaces.
15. An indication means in accordance with any one of claims 12 to 14 wherein the slanted surfaces comprises indentations.
16. An indication means in accordance with claim 15 wherein the indentations comprise notches.
17. An indication means in accordance with claim 16 wherein there are provided a plurality of notches indenting into each slanted surface.
18. An indication means in accordance with claims 16 or 17 wherein the notches are arranged opposite to each other.
19. An indication means in accordance with any one of claims 16 to 18 wherein the notches that ident into the surfaces define pass-like indentations having straight surfaces.
20. An indication means in accordance with claim 19 wherein the pass-like indentions traverse from the side surface towards the inner opening.
21.An indication means in accordance with any one of claims 16 to 18 wherein the indications means comprise notches that ident into the surfaces defining wedged shaped indentations having slanted side surfaces.
22. An indication means in accordance claim 21 wherein the notches define triangular openings in the side surface of the indication means.
23. An indication means in accordance with claims 21 or 22 wherein the slanted side surfaces extend from the side surface towards the inner opening in such a manner that the side surfaces when reaching the inner opening come together defining an apex.
24.An indication means in accordance with any one of claims 16 to 18 wherein the indications means comprise notches that ident into the slanted surfaces defining wedged shaped indentations having slanted side surfaces.
25. An indication means in accordance with claim 24 wherein the notches define triangular openings in the side surface of the indication means.
26. An indication means in accordance with claims 24 or 25 wherein the slanted side surfaces extend from the side surface towards the inner opening in such a manner that the side surfaces when reaching the inner opening define an opening.
27. An indication means in accordance with any one of claims 1 to 26 wherein the body of the indication means comprises a first fluid and a second fluid, the first and second fluids when combined together emit visible light, wherein the indication means is adapted (1 ) to maintain the first and second fluids isolated while the stabilisation apparatus is under proper operating conditions and (2) the indication means is adapted to mix the first and second fluid for emitting electromagnetic radiation when the variation in the quality of the support provided by the stabilisation apparatus occurs.
28. An indication means in accordance with claim 27 wherein the body contains a first fluid, and at least one body (such as one or more glass capsule) inside the body, the inner body containing a second fluid and the inner body being adapted to maintain the first and second fluids isolated while the stabilisation apparatus is under proper operating conditions and installed in the rock formation, wherein the body of the indication means is adapted to fracture the inner body for mixing of the first and second fluid when the variation in the quality of the support provided by the stabilisation apparatus occurs.
29.An indication means in accordance with any one of claims 27 to 28 wherein the body of the indication means comprises deformable material
30.An indication means in accordance with any one of claims 27 to 29wherein the inner body comprises fragile material such as glass for fracturing of the inner body to occur.
31. A monitoring device for monitoring a stabilisation apparatus inserted in a rock formation, the monitoring device comprising an indication means in accordance with the first aspect of the invention and means for operatively associating the indication means with the stabilisation apparatus such that when the variation in the quality of the support provided by the stabilisation apparatus occurs, the indication means provide an indication of the occurrence of the variation.
32.A monitoring device in accordance with claim 31 wherein the variation in the quality of support comprises the variation of the amount of load that the rock bolt is capable to support.
33.A monitoring device in accordance with claims 31 or 32 wherein the stabilisation apparatus comprises a rockbolt comprising a rod, a retaining plate and a stopper for fastening of the retaining plate against the exterior surface of the rock formation when the rod is inserted in the rock formation for support thereof.
34.A monitoring device in accordance with claim 33 wherein the monitoring device is adapted to be attached between the retaining plate and the stopper.
35. A monitoring device in accordance with claims 33 or 34 wherein the monitoring device comprises and inner opening for receiving a portion of the rod extending outwardly from the exterior surface of the rock formation.
36. A monitoring device in accordance with any one of claims 31 to 35 wherein the indication means comprise a deformable mass.
37. A monitoring device in accordance with any one of claims 31 to 36 wherein the means for operatively associating the indication means with the stabilisation apparatus comprises a plurality of plates for sandwiching the indications means therebetween.
38. A monitoring device in accordance with claim 37 wherein the plates and the indication means comprise inner openings for receiving a portion of the stabilisation apparatus.
39. A monitoring device in accordance with claims 37 or 28 wherein the plates are configured as tapered washers having an outer surface of greater surface area than its inner surface defining an inclined side surface.
40. A monitoring device in accordance with any one of claims 37 to 39 wherein there is a first plate comprising a first surface adapted for receiving a first surface of the indication means, and a second surface adapted for receiving a portion of the stabilisation apparatus.
41.A monitoring device in accordance with claim 40 wherein the first surface is slanted having an inclination angle of the same numerical value than the inclination angle of the surface of the indication means.
42. A monitoring device in accordance with claim 41 wherein the inclination angle is 20.8°.
43. A monitoring device in accordance with any one of claims 40 to 42 wherein the second surface comprises an inclination angle having a specific inclination angle for receiving the portion of the stabilisation apparatus.
44. A monitoring device in accordance with any one of claims 40 to 43 wherein the portion of the stabilisation apparatus comprises the retention plate.
45. A monitoring device in accordance with claims 43 or 44 wherein the specific inclination angle is 45°.
46. A monitoring device in accordance with any one of claims 31 to 45 wherein there is a second plate comprising a first surface adapted for receiving a second surface of the indication means and a second surface adapted for receiving another portion of the stabilisation apparatus.
47. A monitoring device in accordance with claim 46 wherein first surface of the second plate is configured in such a manner such as to receive the second surface of the indication means.
48. A monitoring device in accordance with 46 or 47 wherein the second surface of the second plate is slanted having an inclination angle of the same numerical value than the inclination angle of the second surface of the indication means.
49. A monitoring device in accordance with claim 48 wherein the inclination angle is 20.8°.
50. A monitoring device in accordance with any one of claims 46 to 49 wherein the second surface of the second plate is configured in such a manner such as to receive another portion of the rockbolt.
51. A monitoring device in accordance with any one of claims 46 to 50 wherein the second plate comprises a flush surface.
52. A monitoring device in accordance with claims 50 or 51 wherein the another portion of the rockbolt is the stopper.
53. A monitoring device in accordance with any one of claims 46 to 52 wherein the first and second plates comprise 7H Nylon Black.
54. A method for monitoring a stabilisation apparatus inserted in a rock formation, the method comprises the step of operatively associating the indication means as defined in claims 1 to 30 with the rock bolt.
55. A stabilisation apparatus for insertion in a rock formation, the stabilisation apparatus comprises a rod, a retaining plate, and a stopper for fastening of the retaining plate against the exterior surface of the rock formation when the rod is inserted in the rock formation for support thereof, wherein the stabilisation apparatus comprises a monitoring device as defined in claims 31 to 53.
56. An indication means in accordance with any one the claims 1 to 30 comprising means for improving the visibility of the indication means.
57.An indication means in accordance with claim 56 wherein the means for improving the visibility of the indication means may be a bright coloured outer side surface of the indication means or reflective material surrounding the outer side surface of the indication means.
PCT/AU2019/051216 2018-11-06 2019-11-05 Monitoring device WO2020093092A1 (en)

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AU2021203696A AU2021203696A1 (en) 2018-11-06 2021-06-04 Monitoring Device
AU2023206225A AU2023206225A1 (en) 2018-11-06 2023-07-21 Monitoring Device

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AU2018904226 2018-11-06

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Citations (2)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
WO2017087995A2 (en) * 2015-11-19 2017-05-26 Ncm Innovations (Pty) Ltd Loss of load indicator device
WO2017214639A1 (en) * 2016-06-09 2017-12-14 Ncm Innovations (Pty) Ltd Progressive load indicator

Patent Citations (2)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
WO2017087995A2 (en) * 2015-11-19 2017-05-26 Ncm Innovations (Pty) Ltd Loss of load indicator device
WO2017214639A1 (en) * 2016-06-09 2017-12-14 Ncm Innovations (Pty) Ltd Progressive load indicator

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