RU2703014C1 - Expandable anchor bolt with clamp indicator - Google Patents

Abstract

FIELD: mining.

SUBSTANCE: invention relates to the field of mining operations and, in particular, to the design of the expandable anchor bolt with the clamp indicator in the bore pit. Expandable anchor bolt is formed by expanding body. Its cross-section has a deformed shape with formation on the surface of at least one longitudinal groove. Ends of anchor bolt are equipped with covers with filling component on inlet side and end component on outlet side. Anchor bolt is provided with at least one clamp indicator. It is formed by a hollow tube which is made from elastically compressible material and is located on the wall of the divergent body. Along this wall the indicator is brought to the visible side. Note here that indicating medium is arranged at least in part of indicator tube inner space.

EFFECT: technical result is higher reliability of device.

9 cl, 20 dwg

Description

FIELD OF THE INVENTION

This invention relates to a constructive solution of an expandable anchor bolt with a clamp indicator in the hole, which is intended not only to prepare the workplace and increase rock strength, especially during tunneling, mine corridors and chambers, but also to stabilize rock walls, slopes and ditches or to strengthen the suspension, especially when driving tunnels and mining, with possible use in construction equipment.

BACKGROUND

To stabilize and increase the strength of the surrounding rock, anchor bolts or anchors of various types are used, the design and material performance of which differ depending on the type of rock. Among the most commonly used types are hydraulic expandable bolts, which are equipped with an expanding tube, which is provided with end parts at both ends and whose surface is deformed in the longitudinal direction along one or several lines. These bolts are advanced into pre-drilled holes and then in the expanding tube they act on the working medium under pressure, as a result of which the tube expands in the borehole with the formation of the friction force of the bolt tube with the borehole wall and thereby creates a clamp.

A typical design of a hydraulic expandable bolt of this kind is known from document CZ25706 U1, which describes an anchor bolt that includes an expandable tube, the cross section of which is deformed to form at least one longitudinal groove on the surface, and which at both ends ends with transitional circular covers in which fixed exhaust valve and intake valve are fixed. In this design, however, no indication of the expansion of the bolt and its clamping in the hole is provided. WO2013173901 describes an expandable anchor bolt with an expandable tube, the longitudinal section of which has a deformed shape that forms one longitudinal groove on the surface. The expanding tube at both ends ends with fixed tubular end parts and is surrounded by at least one longitudinal adjustable sleeve that can be locked in any position. In this design, however, there is no regulation of pressure in the bolt, nor is it detecting expansion or perfect clamping in the rock. WO20044099570 describes a method for installing expandable anchor bolts by creating a predetermined pressure by means of a device with a control system that guarantees pressure maintenance for a certain period of time, and the device is equipped with an alarm indicating the efficiency of the process being performed or the absence of a result. This design provides pressure control in the bolt, but does not guarantee the detection of proper expansion and clamping in the hole. JP2005232761 explains a method for measuring the transverse tension of an expanding bolt tube inside a drilled hole by means of electric tensiometers that are connected to a detection unit. This design requires more sophisticated electronic equipment and does not provide information regarding the ideal clamping of a bolt in a hole. WO2015176081 describes the visual detection of a hole being drilled with a medium by means of an indicator element, which is part of an outlet pipe through which air is drawn from a gradually filled hole and which allows air to pass through but does not allow the passage of viscous material. In addition, after filling the drilled hole with viscous material, the indicator element is pushed out of the outlet pipe, which is visually observed. This design cannot be used for hydraulic expandable bolts. Document WO2009066246 explains the detection of reaching a predetermined pressure in an expandable tube of an expandable bolt by an indicator on its front end portion, which, after reaching a predetermined pressure, is pushed out of the end portion, which is visually observed. In this design, only the pressure inside the bolt is shown, but the bolt expansion indication is not provided. Document ZA200506692 describes the same pressure indication circuit in an expandable expandable bolt tube as in WO2009066246 mentioned above. In this case, it is also impossible to detect the expansion of the bolt and the perfect clamp in the hole.

The objective of the present invention is to modify the design of the expandable anchor bolt, as a result of which ideal functionality and control of engagement are guaranteed with an indication of the perfect clamp in the hole.

SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION

The indicated problem is solved by the invention, which is an expandable anchor bolt, which is formed by a tubular expanding body, the cross section of which is deformed, which forms at least one longitudinal groove on the surface, and the ends of which are provided with covers with a casting component on the inlet side and the end component on the outlet side, the essence of the invention is that the bolt is provided with at least one indicator of the clamp, which is formed by a hollow deckhouse, which is made of resiliently compressible material and which is disposed on the wall of the expanding body, along which the indicator displayed on the visible side for personnel, while at least a portion of the inner cavity of the indicator is an indicator tube Wednesday.

In a preferred design, there is a clamp indicator formed by a tube, the inner end of which is sealed with a stopper and in the inner cavity of which there is a tubular capsule, which is made of easily destructible material, and is sealed at both ends by a stable seal, and is filled with an indicator medium, while in the end inlet part of the inner cavity of the tube is fixed to the porous element.

In addition, it is preferable that the position of the tubular capsule in the inner cavity is maintained by a spacing element that is inserted between the front surface of the tubular capsule and the porous element, and the inlet of the inner cavity of the tube is provided with a lens head, which is made of a transparent material and is attached to the tube by a latch, and the lens head had a lenticular shape.

In other preferred designs, there is a clamp indicator formed by a tube, the inner end of which is securely sealed and the inner cavity of which is divided by a partition into two parts, or there is a clamp indicator formed by a tube whose inner end is reliably sealed and in the inner cavity of which are many capsules that are made from easily destructible material and the position of which in the inner cavity is supported by a stopper.

For particular types of bolts, it is preferable that the clamp indicator be provided with an extension tube which is fixed in the tube by a sleeve and which is provided with a lens head in the end portion, which is made of transparent material and which is attached to the extension tube by a clamp.

Finally, it is preferred that the indicator medium consists of a colored liquid medium, or a monobasic or polybasic chemical compound, or a gel, or a paste, or a foam, or a powder.

By means of the present invention, a previously non-existent and higher efficiency is achieved, in fact, due to the additional structural modification, the transmission of information related to the ideal clamping of the bolt in the hole is guaranteed, as a result of which the possibility of imperfect anchoring due to any factors arising is excluded during the formation of the hole, placing the bolt in the hole and expanding its body.

BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

Specific examples of the construction according to the invention are shown schematically in the accompanying drawings, in which:

FIG. 1 is a view of an anchor bolt clamped in the rock after expansion of the tubular body and after deformation of the indicator;

FIG. 2 is a longitudinal section through the anchor bolt of FIG. 1, which is inserted into the hole and shown in a state prior to expansion of the tubular body;

FIG. 3 is a longitudinal section through the main structure of the clamp indicator;

FIG. 4 is a longitudinal section through an alternative construction of the clamp indicator of FIG. 3, which is formed without a lens head;

FIG. 5 is a longitudinal sectional view of an alternative construction of the clamp indicator of FIG. 3, which is modified to use mastic as an indicator medium;

FIG. 6 is a longitudinal section through an alternative construction of a clamp indicator that is provided with an extension tube;

FIG. 7 is a longitudinal section through an alternative construction of a clamp indicator using an indicator medium in the form of polyurethane capsules;

FIG. 8 is a longitudinal section through the bottom of the anchor bolt showing a cross-section of the expanding housing with alternative placement of the clamp indicator and its lateral release through the inlet neck of the bolt;

FIG. 9 is a longitudinal section through the bottom of the bolt in an alternative arrangement and lateral release of the clamp indicator with extension tube of FIG. 6;

FIG. 10a) and FIG. 10b) are front and side views of an anchor bolt with a threaded extension, which is located deep in the hole and which is equipped with a clamp indicator with an extension tube that is located along the bolt body;

FIG. 11 is a longitudinal section through an anchor bolt with an inserted clamp indicator of an alternative construction provided with polyurethane capsules according to FIG. 7; and

FIG. 12-20 are cross-sectional views of alternative expanding anchor bolt housings showing possible placement of one or more indicators.

The drawings illustrate the present invention and, therefore, are characterized by examples of specific structures, but in any case they do not limit the scope of protection established in determining the essence of the invention.

DESCRIPTION OF PREFERRED EMBODIMENTS INVENTIONS

An anchor bolt according to the invention, which is intended to be clamped in a hole 101 in a rock mass 1, is formed in accordance with the basic structure of FIG. 1 by an expanding body 2, the cross-section of which has a deformed shape, for example, in the form of a C-profile, trefoil, four-leaf, six leaves, a star with a different number of ends, drops, etc., as shown in FIG. 12-20, with the formation of at least one longitudinal groove 21. On the surface, the expandable housing 2 is provided at both ends with rigidly fixed, preferably welded, transitional ring end caps 3, which are in the form of an annular part and in the cavity of which an inlet valve and an outlet valve not shown valve standard designs. In addition, the bolt covers 3 are provided with other structural and technological elements not shown, which, depending on the type of bolt, can be a casting head or a drill head and a drill bit. In addition, in the lower part of the expandable body 2, on its surface there is a freely movable inserted cover washer 4, which may have a spherical shape, as is evident from FIG. 1, FIG. 2 and FIG. 8, or it may be flat, as shown in FIG. 9.

An integral part of the bolt is the clamp indicator 5, the main structure of which is shown in FIG. 3 formed by a hollow tube 51 made of a compressible material, for example plastic, metal or non-metallic foil, the inner end 511 of which is securely sealed by a stopper 52, for example, glued to it. A capsule 53 is located in the inner cavity 512 of the tube 51, which is filled with an unlabeled indicator medium and which is made of easily destructive material, preferably glass, and which is sealed at both ends by a stable seal 54. The position of the capsule 53 in a selected part of the inner cavity 512 is supported by a spacer rod 55, which is inserted between the front part of the capsule 53 not shown and the porous element 56, which is fixed, for example, glued, at the end of the inlet portion of the inner cavity 512 of the tube 51 and van made of material that allows the passage of the indicator medium. In addition, the inlet portion of the inner cavity 512 of the tube 51 is provided with a lens 57, for which a shape similar to the shape of the lens is preferred, and it is made of transparent material and is attached to the tube 51 by a retainer 58, which is formed, for example, from a shrink film. In addition, the entire indicator 5 is placed in the longitudinal groove 21 in the wall of the expanding housing 2, while it is positioned so that the end portion of the tube 51 of the indicator 5, which is provided with a lens head 57, protrudes from the end cap 3, so that the lens head 57 is visible.

When using an anchor bolt, indicator 5 is inserted into the longitudinal groove 21 in the wall of the expanding housing 2 of the anchor bolt so that the end of the tube 51 protrudes from the lower end cap 3 and is visible. After insertion into the borehole 101, the bolt is connected to a source of high-pressure working fluid, which is supplied to the cavity of the expanding housing 2, as a result of which the expanding housing 2 begins to expand in the transverse direction and fills the cross section of the bore 101. Due to the expansion of the expanding housing 2, the indicator tube 51 51 gradually deforms and as a result this leads to the destruction of the capsule 53, from which the indicator medium begins to exit, which moves along the internal cavity 512, flows through Oristà element 56 in the head space of the lens 57, and thus imparts information on filling the hole 101 of the expanding bolt casing 2 and the perfect clamping of the array 1 breed.

The described construction of the bolt and indicator 5 is not the only possible construction according to the invention, and, as is clear from FIG. 4, the inlet portion of the inner cavity 512 of the tube 51 is not provided with a lens head 57, and it can end only with the porous element 56. As the indicator medium, any colored liquid medium can be used, for example, an alcohol dye or a fluorescent dye, or indicator 5 can be filled a suitable monobasic or polybasic chemical compound, gel, paste, foam or powder. In the case of using a non-liquid indicator medium, it is not introduced into the capsule 53, but some part of the internal cavity 512 of the tube 51 of the indicator 5, which is separated by a partition 513, can be directly filled with it, as is evident from FIG. 5. In addition, bolts of various kinds, typical designs of which are shown in FIG. 8-10, it is possible to provide an indicator 5 with an extension tube 59, which is fixed in the tube 51 by means of the sleeve 591 shown in FIG. 6. In this modification, release towards the indicator medium from the inner cavity 512 is provided along the expanding housing 2 of the bolt, namely, through the filler neck according to FIG. 8 or from the filler neck according to FIG. 9, possibly after the expanding housing 2 in accordance with FIG. 10a) and 10b). And, last but not least, one large capsule 53 is not inserted into the inner cavity 512 of the tube 51, but it can be replaced by a plurality of capsules 53, as is clear from FIG. 7 and FIG. 11. The position of the capsule 53 in the inner cavity 512 is not supported by the distance element 55; it can be replaced by a plug 6, as is also clear from FIG. 7. And as can be seen in FIG. 12-20, in the case of deformed expanding cases 2 of some kinds, several indicators 5, for example two or three, which are inserted into different longitudinal grooves 21 of the expanding case 2 of a bolt can be used to indicate proper expansion of the bolt in the heterogeneous rock mass 1.

INDUSTRIAL APPLICABILITY

The expandable anchor bolt according to the invention is intended not only to stabilize and increase the strength of the rock mass, especially during tunneling, mine corridors and chambers, but also to stabilize rock walls, slopes and ditches during cementation with the expected use in mines for coal or ore mining or for various applications in construction equipment.

Claims (9)

1. An expandable anchor bolt, which is formed by an expandable housing (2), the cross section of which is deformed to form at least one longitudinal groove (21) on the surface, and whose ends are provided with covers (3) with a casting component on the inlet side and the end component on the exhaust side, while it is equipped with at least one indicator (5) of the clamp, which is formed by a hollow tube (51), which is made of elastically compressible material and is located on the wall of the expanding housing (2), along Ora indicator (5) displayed on the visible side for personnel, whereby at least a portion of the interior cavity (512) of the tube (51) of the indicator (5) is an indicator for transportation. 2. An expandable anchor bolt according to claim 1, in which the clamp indicator (5) is formed by a tube (51), the inner end (511) of which is firmly sealed with a stopper (52) and in the inner cavity (512) of which is the capsule (53), which made of easily destructible material, and it is sealed at both ends with a stable seal (54) and filled with indicator medium, while a porous element (56) is fixed in the end inlet part of the inner cavity (512) of the tube (51). 3. The expandable anchor bolt according to claim 2, in which the position of the capsule (53) in the inner cavity (512) is supported by a spacing element (55) that is inserted between the front surface of the capsule (53) and the porous element (56). 4. An expandable anchor bolt according to claim 2 or 3, in which the input part of the inner cavity (512) of the tube (51) is provided with a lens head (57), which is made of transparent material and is attached to the tube (51) by means of a retainer (58). 5. The expandable anchor bolt according to claim 4, in which the lens head (57) has a lenticular shape. 6. An expandable anchor bolt according to claim 1, wherein the clamp indicator (5) is formed by a tube (51), the inner end (511) of which is tightly sealed and the inner cavity (512) of which is divided into two parts by the partition (513). 7. The expandable anchor bolt according to claim 1, in which the clamp indicator (5) is formed by a tube (51), the inner end (511) of which is tightly sealed and in the inner cavity (512) of which are many capsules (53), which are made of easily destructible material and the position of which in the internal cavity (512) is supported by the plug (6). 8. The expandable anchor bolt according to any one of paragraphs. 1-3, 6 or 7, in which the clamp indicator (5) is provided with an extension tube (59), which is fixed in the tube (51) by means of a sleeve (591) and which is provided in the end portion with a lens head (57), which is made of transparent material and is attached to the extension tube (59) by means of a clamp (58). 9. Expandable anchor bolt according to any paragraph. 1-8, in which the indicator medium consists of a colored liquid medium, or a monobasic or polybasic chemical compound, or gel, or paste, or foam, or powder.

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