RU135719U1 - EXPLOSIVE ANCHOR OF INCREASED BEARING ABILITY - Google Patents

Abstract

Explosive expansion anchor with increased bearing capacity, including interconnected pipe sections with a guide element made in the form of a pipe segment with an oval bottom, a unit with a flexible thread for lifting the detonating cord, a detonating cord installed inside the pipe, made on cylindrical sections of the pipe segment U-shaped slots with the ability to bend the "tongues" of the U-shaped slots in opposite directions under the influence of gas pressure when the detonating cord explodes, characterized in that on qi The longitudinal sections parallel to the axis of the pipe segment are additionally made in the indigenous sections of the pipe segments, while the internal cavity of at least an oval pipe segment at least adjacent to the guide element is filled with a hardening polymer resin with a cable segment inserted into this resin, fixed in a tensioned state at the mouth of the cord and the length of the section of pipe segments with longitudinal slits additionally made parallel to the axis of the pipe section is taken equal to the length of the pipe section, the inner cavity of which is filled with TV hardening polymer resin.

Description

The utility model relates to the mining industry and can be used in underground mining of mineral deposits in rocks of medium and below average stability, except for mines hazardous in gas and dust.

The claimed invention relates to a priority area of development of science and technology "Technology of environmental safety of mining and mining", as it solves one of the problems associated with the stability of rocks.

The problem of anchoring of mine workings in underground conditions is as follows.

Known cable anchor, including a cable, a base plate with a washer and a tension (installation) nut, as well as bushings attached along the length of the cable, hardening polymer resin in the upper part of the hole (AK Loginov. Modern technologies and technical solutions for working coal seams. M , Publishing House of Moscow State Mining University, 2006, 389 p. 56-63).

Common features of a known cable anchor with the claimed utility model are:

- the presence of a cable with bushings; nut and base plate;

- the presence in the hole polymer hardening resin;

- fastening the tensioned cable at the mouth of the hole and in the hardening polymer resin;

- the ability to install a cable anchor in the boreholes, the length of which exceeds the size of the mine in its cross section.

A disadvantage of the known cable anchor are: a decrease in bearing capacity as a result of the seismic impact of an explosion on it. This occurs as a result of the destruction of the rock mass at the mouth of the hole, which leads to a decrease in the tension of the anchor and its bearing capacity ..

For the prototype adopted explosive anchor (Patent of the Russian Federation for the invention No. 2451182, CL E21D 21/00. Published 05/20/2012. Bulletin No. 14) as the closest in technical essence and functions to the claimed useful can. An explosive expansion anchor, the length of which exceeds the size of the underground mine in cross section, consists of at least two interconnected pipe segments, a guide element made in the form of a pipe segment with an oval bottom, a block with flexible thread for lifting the detonating cord attached to the bottom of the oval-shaped guide element and installed inside the pipe of the detonating cord. U-shaped slots are cut along the length of the tubular anchor in the cylindrical sections of the pipe segments with the possibility of bending the "tongues" of the U-shaped slots under the influence of gas pressure when the detonating cord explodes in opposite directions.

Common signs of an explosive expansion anchor with a utility model are:

- interconnected pipe sections;

- a guide element with an oval-shaped bottom;

- a unit with flexible thread for lifting the detonating cord;

- detonating cord installed inside the pipe;

A disadvantage of the known explosion-proof anchor is: low bearing capacity as a result of insufficient efforts to rupture pipe sections.

The inventive utility model is aimed at solving the problem of improving the design of the fastening of underground mine workings.

The technical result of the utility model is to increase the stability of underground mine workings by increasing the thickness of the fastened rocks by increasing the bearing capacity of the explosive expansion anchor.

The technical result of the utility model is ensured by the fact that an explosive expansion anchor with increased load-bearing capacity includes interconnected pipe sections with a guide element made in the form of a pipe segment with an oval bottom, a unit with a flexible thread for lifting the detonating cord, a detonating cord installed inside the pipe made in the cylindrical sections of the pipe segment U-shaped slots with the ability to bend the "tongues" of the U-shaped slots in opposite directions under pressure a call when the detonating cord explodes, characterized in that longitudinal slots are additionally made on the cylindrical sections of the pipe segments, parallel to the axis of the pipe segment, while the internal cavity of at least an oval pipe segment adjacent to the guide element is filled with a hardening polymer resin with an introduced in this resin, the length of the cable, fixed in a taut state at the mouth of the hole, and the length of the section of pipe sections with longitudinal slits additionally made parallel to the axis of the pipe section is taken length of the pipe section, the inner cavity of which is filled with a hardening polymer resin.

In the cylindrical sections of the pipe sections, longitudinal slots are additionally made parallel to the axis of the pipe section. The hardening resin penetrates through the longitudinal slots in the pipe walls, seizes simultaneously with the borehole walls and the longitudinal anchor slit, creating additional resistance to pulling the cable out of the borehole. This eliminates the hardened resin slip along the walls of the hole. As a result, the resistance to movement of the cable increases and the bearing capacity of the anchor increases. This contributes to the achievement of a technical result.

The inner cavity of at least an oval pipe segment adjacent to the guide element is filled with a hardening polymer resin, which allows the cable to be fixed in the hole and increase its bearing capacity. This is aimed at achieving a technical result.

A fixed cable at the mouth of the hole allows the layers of rocks to be held together, increasing their stability, and also to tighten the anchor when it is weakened as a result of the seismic effect of the explosion on it. This contributes to the achievement of a technical result.

The fastening of the cable in the hardening resin and the mouth of the hole is known from the description of the analogue of the claimed utility model. However, the bearing capacity of the anchor does not increase from this. In the application for the proposed utility model, the bearing capacity of the anchor increases, which contributes to the achievement of a technical result.

The length of the pipe section with longitudinal slits additionally made parallel to the axis of the pipe section is taken equal to the length of the pipe section filled with hardening polymer resin. This is due to the fact that the hardening polymer resin is most effectively bonded in the section of the anchor with slotted longitudinal slots. In areas without gaps, this resin will slide along the walls of the pipe. This contributes to the achievement of a technical result.

The inventive utility model is illustrated by drawings (Fig.1, 2, 3).

Figure 1 shows a longitudinal section of an explosive expansion anchor before an explosion.

Figure 2 shows a longitudinal section of an explosive expansion anchor after an explosion.

Figure 3 shows a longitudinal section of an explosive expansion anchor with increased bearing capacity.

Explosive anchor positions with increased bearing capacity are indicated by the following numbers.

1 - pipe segment located at the mouth of the hole.

2 - a guiding element in the bottom of the hole.

3 - an additional segment of the pipe located between the segment located at the mouth of the hole, and the guide elements.

4 - outer cone of the pipe.

5 - inner cone of the pipe.

6 - longitudinal slots in the pipe section with an external cone.

7 - elements with protrusions.

8 - elements without protrusions.

9 - holes pipe sections with an external cone.

10 - ledges.

11 - longitudinal grooves.

12 - line of the inner cone.

13 - pipe segment with an oval bottom.

14 - block.

15 - flexible thread.

16 - clamp.

17 - detonating cord.

18 - a cylindrical pipe section cut through by U-shaped slots.

19 - the limbs of the "tongues".

20 is a cylindrical pipe section with longitudinal slots cut parallel to the axis of the pipe segment.

21 - cable fixed at the mouth of the hole.

22 - nut for cable tension.

23 - base plate.

24 - sleeve.

25 - polymer hardening resin.

26 - threaded rod.

Explosion-proof anchor before the detonating cord explosion consists of two, located along the same axis and interconnected pipe sections and a guide element (figure 1). The pipe segments and the guide element are made with equal outer and inner diameters. A piece of pipe 1 is placed at the mouth of the hole, a guide element 2 at the bottom of the hole, and an additional segment of pipe 3 is located between the segment placed at the mouth of the hole and the guide element (Figs. 1, 2). In the areas of connection of pipe segments, one pipe has an external cone 4, and the other has an internal cone 5 (Figs. 1, 2). The length of the pipe section with the inner cone is equal to the length of the pipe section with the outer cone. The pipe segments are fastened together by installing an external cone 4 in the inner cone 5 (Fig.1, 2). The sections of pipe segments with the outer cone 4 are made with longitudinal slots in the pipe section with the outer cone 6, dividing the outer cone 4 into elements with protrusions 7, and elements without protrusions 8 (Figs. 1, 2). The sections of pipe segments with an outer cone are made with holes 9 for mounting the protrusions 10 of the elements of the outer cone and longitudinal grooves 11 for moving the protrusions 10 in the direction of the holes 9 of the inner cone, which are located along the line 12 separating the inner surfaces of the inner cone 5 and the pipe segment (figure 1, 2). The guide element 2, located at the bottom of the hole, is made in the form of a pipe segment with an oval-shaped bottom 13, to which a block 14 with a flexible thread 15, a clip 16 for attaching a detonating cord 17 is attached. A flexible thread 15 is missing inside the pipe segments (Fig. 1) . Cylindrical pipe sections are cut with U-shaped slots 18, with the possibility of bending the "tongues" 19. Longitudinal slots are cut parallel to the axis of the pipe segment 20. The inner cavity of at least the first oval-shaped pipe segment is filled with a hardening polymer resin 25, s introduced into the resin of the segment of the rope 21, fixed in a taut state at the mouth of the hole. At the same time, the length of the section of pipe segments with additional slits 20 parallel to the axis of the pipe segment is taken equal to the length of the section of the internal cavity of the pipe sections filled with hardening polymer resin 25.

Explosive anchor increased bearing capacity works as follows.

Determine: the thickness of the rock fastened by explosive expansion anchors, the length of the anchor, and the length and number of connected pipe sections. Choose: the diameter of the hole, the outer and inner diameters of the pipe, as well as the thickness of its wall, the steel grade of the pipe segments. Install block 14 with a flexible thread 15 in the guide element oval shape 13, placed in the bottom of the hole. Two ends of the flexible thread 15 are passed through an additional length of pipe 3. An additional length of pipe 3 is connected to the guide element 2. In this case, the outer cone 4 of the additional length of pipe 3 is installed in the inner cone 5 of the guide element 2. In the process of moving the elements of the outer cone with protrusions 7 along the grooves 11, the protrusions 10 deviate from the initial position along the radius to the axis of the additional pipe segment 3. When installing the protrusions 10 of the elements of the outer cone with the protrusion 7 in the holes 9 of the inner cone 5 of the guide element 2-coagulant, the projections 10 with the exterior conical projections 7 are returned by the resiliency of the metal pipe to its original position. Elements of the outer cone without protrusions 8 are installed when connecting the outer and inner cones close to the inner cone 5.

Connected to each other - the guide element 2 with additional pipe sections 3 with two flexible threads 15 passed through them, set a hole. When installing, leave a section of an additional length of pipe 3, a length of 100 - 200 mm, without introducing it into the hole. This is necessary to connect an additional segment of pipe 3 with a segment of pipe 1, placed at the mouth of the hole.

Two ends of the flexible thread 15 are passed along a pipe segment 1 placed at the mouth of the hole, which is then connected to an additional pipe segment 3 by installing an external cone 4 of the pipe segment 1 placed at the mouth of the hole in the inner cone 5 of the additional pipe section 3. Connected to each other three pipe sections — a guiding element 2 placed at the bottom of the hole, an additional pipe section 3 and a pipe segment 1 placed at the mouth of the hole, with two flexible threads 15 passed through them, are moved along the hole to its bottom. The end of the detonating cord 17 is attached to one end of the flexible thread 15 by means of a clamp 16, and by means of the flexible thread 15 the bending unit 14, the detonating cord 17 is lifted to the bottom of the hole. A flexible thread 15 is passed through a piece of pipe 1 located at the mouth of the borehole. As a result, the detonating cord 17 is suspended inside three connected pipe sections, that is, along the entire length of the explosion-proof anchor.

The blasting network is mounted from all segments of the detonating cord installed in the explosion-proof anchors located in the blasting face. An explosive network from a detonating cord is connected to an explosive network of an explosive face. The detonating cord segments of all explosive expansion anchors are blown first - at the same time, several seconds ahead of the bottom hole. With such an outbreak of detonating cord blasting relative to blasting of hole charges, the tubular anchor inflates, fastening to the walls of the hole and crashing into them (FIGS. 2, 3). Cutting into the walls of the hole occurs due to the cut out longitudinal slots.

After the detonating cord explodes, the internal cavity of the explosive expansion anchor is ventilated with a compressed air tube. After the tunneling face is moved to a distance at which there is no effect of the explosion of hole charges on the nut with the base plate, a cable 21, with bushings 24, a nut for tensioning the cable 22, base plate 23 is installed in the explosion-proof anchor and filled with a polymer hardening resin 25. When moving cable 21, the polymer resin is in the ampoule, which is crushed by the cable and resin 25 fills the internal cavity of the pipe with longitudinal slots 20. The resin hardens. The cable 21 is tensioned by tightening the nut 22. This increases the bearing capacity of the explosive expansion anchor and helps to achieve a technical result.

The bearing capacity of an explosive expansion anchor is 5 tons (A. Shirokov and others, Anchor support. Handbook, M, Nedra, 1990, 205 p., Pp. 54-55). The bearing capacity of a cable anchor with a polymer hardening resin is 20 tons (AK Loginov. Modern technological and technical solutions for coal seam mining, Moscow State Mining University Press, M, 2006, 380 s, pp. 72-74). The total bearing capacity of the explosive expansion anchor of increased bearing capacity according to the claimed utility model is more than 25 tons (5 tons + 20 tons). The increase in the bearing capacity is associated with additional forces of adhesion of the anchor to the borehole walls arising due to hardening resin in the longitudinal slots cut in the walls of the pipe sections. Explosive expansion anchor of increased bearing capacity is formed in three areas. In the first section, the face is fastened using an advanced fastener that secures the rocks in front of the face. At the same time, the design of the explosive expansion anchor for advanced fastening corresponds to the design of the explosive expansion anchor according to the prototype. The second section is represented by explosive expansion anchors, shown in figures 1, 2. The length of this section corresponds to the distance of the face movement, at which blasting affects the bearing capacity of the anchors. In the third section, explosive expansion anchors of increased bearing capacity are functioning, shown in Fig.3. These anchors are explosion-proof temporary anchors, but with reinforced elements that increase their bearing capacity - a cable, hardening resin, base plate, etc. Explosive expansion anchors of increased bearing capacity are formed after moving the face to a distance at which the reduction of their bearing capacity from the impact of blasting on these anchors is excluded. Thus, when sinking mines in rocks of medium and below average stability, it becomes possible not only to increase the thickness of the rocks being held together, but also to fix the face with advanced and temporary fastenings. This additionally increases the stability of mine workings and the safety of work, which contributes to the achievement of a technical result.

Claims (1)

Explosive expansion anchor with increased bearing capacity, including interconnected pipe sections with a guide element made in the form of a pipe segment with an oval bottom, a unit with a flexible thread for lifting the detonating cord, a detonating cord installed inside the pipe, made on cylindrical sections of the pipe segment U-shaped slots with the ability to bend the "tongues" of the U-shaped slots in opposite directions under the influence of gas pressure when the detonating cord explodes, characterized in that on qi The longitudinal sections parallel to the axis of the pipe segment are additionally made in the indigenous sections of the pipe segments, while the internal cavity of at least an oval pipe segment at least adjacent to the guide element is filled with a hardening polymer resin with a cable segment inserted into this resin, fixed in a tensioned state at the mouth of the cord and the length of the section of pipe segments with longitudinal slits additionally made parallel to the axis of the pipe section is taken equal to the length of the pipe section, the inner cavity of which is filled with TV hardening polymer resin.

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