CN110986812B - Method and device for online monitoring stress and deformation of surrounding rock of roadway - Google Patents
Method and device for online monitoring stress and deformation of surrounding rock of roadway Download PDFInfo
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- CN110986812B CN110986812B CN201911202376.XA CN201911202376A CN110986812B CN 110986812 B CN110986812 B CN 110986812B CN 201911202376 A CN201911202376 A CN 201911202376A CN 110986812 B CN110986812 B CN 110986812B
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Images
Classifications
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- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01B—MEASURING LENGTH, THICKNESS OR SIMILAR LINEAR DIMENSIONS; MEASURING ANGLES; MEASURING AREAS; MEASURING IRREGULARITIES OF SURFACES OR CONTOURS
- G01B11/00—Measuring arrangements characterised by the use of optical techniques
- G01B11/16—Measuring arrangements characterised by the use of optical techniques for measuring the deformation in a solid, e.g. optical strain gauge
-
- E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
- E21—EARTH OR ROCK DRILLING; MINING
- E21D—SHAFTS; TUNNELS; GALLERIES; LARGE UNDERGROUND CHAMBERS
- E21D20/00—Setting anchoring-bolts
- E21D20/02—Setting anchoring-bolts with provisions for grouting
- E21D20/028—Devices or accesories for injecting a grouting liquid in a bore-hole
-
- E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
- E21—EARTH OR ROCK DRILLING; MINING
- E21D—SHAFTS; TUNNELS; GALLERIES; LARGE UNDERGROUND CHAMBERS
- E21D21/00—Anchoring-bolts for roof, floor in galleries or longwall working, or shaft-lining protection
- E21D21/0093—Accessories
-
- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01L—MEASURING FORCE, STRESS, TORQUE, WORK, MECHANICAL POWER, MECHANICAL EFFICIENCY, OR FLUID PRESSURE
- G01L1/00—Measuring force or stress, in general
- G01L1/24—Measuring force or stress, in general by measuring variations of optical properties of material when it is stressed, e.g. by photoelastic stress analysis using infrared, visible light, ultraviolet
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- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Mining & Mineral Resources (AREA)
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Abstract
The invention discloses a method and a device for on-line monitoring of roadway surrounding rock stress and deformation, belongs to the technical field of underground coal mine roadway surrounding rock control, and solves the problem that the stress and deformation state of the roadway surrounding rock cannot be reflected intuitively and effectively in real time in the prior art. The method comprises the following steps: step 1, supporting roadway surrounding rock by using a monitoring anchor rod, wherein the monitoring anchor rod comprises an anchor rod body and an anchor rod tray, and the anchor rod tray displays different colors under different deformations; step 2, installing a color capture sensor and a signal transmission device; step 3, changing the stress state and the deformation elongation of the anchor rod tray when the surrounding rock of the roadway deforms, and changing the color reflected by the anchor rod tray under the illumination of lamplight; step 4, monitoring the color of the anchor rod tray in real time by a color capture sensor; step 5, the processor processes the color signal and sends the processed color signal to the display terminal; and 6, taking safety measures according to the deformation condition of the anchor rod tray. The invention can monitor the deformation condition of the surrounding rock of the roadway in real time without the influence of human factors.
Description
Technical Field
The invention belongs to the technical field of surrounding rock control of underground coal mine roadways, and particularly relates to a method and a device for monitoring stress and deformation of surrounding rocks of roadways on line.
Background
With the exhaustion of shallow resources in most coal main producing areas in China, coal mining gradually enters a deep mining stage, the difficulty of deep roadway maintenance is increased due to the influence of deep complex conditions, and the current domestic mainstream support mode is anchor rod (cable) support. Because the roadway is a hidden project, the potential safety hazard is not easy to discover, and therefore, the deformation condition of the roadway surrounding rock needs to be monitored by adopting technical means in the production process.
At present, a roof separation instrument is mainly used for monitoring the deformation of surrounding rocks of a roadway in China, and the surface displacement of a top bottom plate and two sides of the roadway is manually measured, counted and analyzed by a cross method.
The method is complex in implementation process, consumes a large amount of manpower and material resources, is discontinuous in measuring the surface displacement of the top bottom plate and the two sides of the roadway by adopting a cross method and is easily seriously influenced by human factors, and the obtained data is not rigorous enough and cannot reflect the stress and deformation state of the surrounding rock of the roadway in real time, intuitively and effectively.
Disclosure of Invention
In view of the above analysis, the present invention aims to provide a method and a device for on-line monitoring of roadway surrounding rock stress and deformation, so as to solve the problems that the existing roadway surrounding rock deformation monitoring means requires a large amount of manpower and material resources and is easily seriously affected by human factors, the obtained data is not rigorous enough, and the stress and deformation state of the roadway surrounding rock cannot be reflected intuitively and effectively in real time.
The purpose of the invention is mainly realized by the following technical scheme:
a method for monitoring roadway surrounding rock stress and deformation on line comprises the following steps:
and 6, taking safety measures according to the deformation condition of the anchor rod tray.
In the step 3:
after pre-tightening force is applied during installation and detection of the anchor rod, the anchor rod tray is in a I-level stress state, and a first color is displayed;
displaying a second color when the anchor rod tray is in a II-level stress state, wherein the deformation of the anchor rod tray reaches 50% of the limit deformation;
displaying a third color when a III-level stress state occurs, wherein the deformation of the anchor rod tray reaches 80% of the limit deformation;
and displaying a fourth color when the IV-level stress state occurs, wherein the deformation of the anchor rod tray reaches 90% of the limit deformation, and the anchor rod tray loses the bearing capacity.
In the step 4: the signal transmission device comprises a wireless signal transmission device and a wireless signal collection base station, the wireless signal transmission device transmits the color signals captured by the color capture sensor to the wireless signal collection base station, and the wireless signal collection base station transmits the color signals to the processor through optical fibers.
And 6, when the anchor rod tray generates III-level stress deformation and displays a third color, the display terminal sends out early warning and takes reinforcement support measures.
And 6, when the anchor rod tray is subjected to IV-level stress deformation and displays the fourth color, the anchor rod tray loses bearing capacity and workers are evacuated.
The anchor rod body is a hollow grouting anchor rod, and the grouting anchor rod corresponding to the anchor rod tray displaying the third color is used for reinforcement and support.
The anchor rod body is a hollow grouting anchor rod, and grouting reinforcement is simultaneously carried out on the grouting anchor rod corresponding to the anchor rod tray displaying the third color and the grouting anchor rod at the position symmetrical to the roadway axis.
The anchor rod tray central point puts down the concave tray terminal surface and tray concave part that form, and tray concave part bottom surface is provided with the centre bore, and the centre bore size matches with the anchor rod body of rod.
In the step 2, the color capture sensors are arranged in the middle of the two rows of anchor rods, and each color capture sensor correspondingly monitors two trays.
A device for on-line monitoring of roadway surrounding rock stress and deformation is characterized by comprising a monitoring anchor rod, a color capture sensor, a wireless signal transmission device, a wireless signal collection base station, a processor and a display terminal;
the monitoring anchor rod comprises an anchor rod body and an anchor rod tray, and the anchor rod tray displays different colors under different deformations;
the wireless signal transmission device is arranged on a roadway top plate, the wireless signal collection base station is arranged at the end position of the roadway along the advancing direction of the working face, and the processor is connected with the wireless signal collection base station.
Compared with the prior art, the invention can at least realize one of the following technical effects:
1) the anchor rod tray can display different colors along with different deformation degrees, can visually and effectively reflect the stress and the deformation state of the surrounding rock of the roadway in real time, greatly reduces the cost of manpower and material resources compared with the existing monitoring means of the deformation of the surrounding rock of the roadway, reduces the interference of human factors, and obtains more rigorous data.
2) The anchor rod tray is externally provided with an auxiliary color development layer made of special materials which can display different colors along with the change of the stress state, the materials can be directly coated on the surface of the anchor rod tray in a coating mode, or the piezochromic materials can be packaged in a high-strength transparent resin interlayer and bonded with the anchor rod tray through a high-strength adhesive, so that the color of the piezochromic materials can be continuously changed along with the change of the stress state of the surrounding rock of a roadway in the bearing process of the anchor rod tray, and the color of the coating is darker and darker along with the gradual increase of the stress, thereby monitoring the deformation state of the surrounding rock in real time.
3) The device provided by the invention has the advantages that the anchor rod tray auxiliary color development layer with the piezochromic performance, the color capturing sensor, the computer and other devices are adopted to realize the continuity and the intellectualization of the deformation monitoring of the surrounding rock of the roadway, the real-time state of the deformation of the surrounding rock of the roadway can be accurately mastered, further, serious production safety accidents such as the collapse of a top plate can be timely early warned, and the production safety is effectively ensured.
4) The method can test and feed back the pre-tightening force applied in the anchor rod construction process, so that the construction quality of anchor rod support can be scientifically and accurately judged, and the anchor rod assembly can achieve the most beneficial support effect.
5) The anchor rod adopts a hollow grouting anchor rod, can be matched with an online monitoring system to reinforce the roadway, can enhance the monitoring effect, prevents the anchor rod tray from being broken due to overlarge stress, further prevents the deformation of surrounding rocks from being increased, and enhances the stability of the surrounding rocks of the roadway during the service period.
6) The central part of the anchor rod tray is concave to form a tray concave part and a tray end surface, and the geometric dimension of the concave-convex part is increased, so that the anchor rod tray has larger extension deformation rate during bearing, has certain buffering deformation when the deformation of roadway surrounding rock is increased, and is not easy to generate instantaneous fracture damage.
7) The anchor rod tray is provided with the arc chamfers at the corner parts, and the gasket is arranged between the nut and the anchor rod tray, so that the fracture and damage of the tray caused by stress concentration phenomenon during the bearing of the tray can be avoided.
Additional features and advantages of the invention will be set forth in the description which follows, and in part will be obvious from the description, or may be learned by the practice of the invention. The objectives and other advantages of the invention will be realized and attained by the structure particularly pointed out in the written description and claims thereof.
Drawings
The drawings are only for purposes of illustrating particular embodiments and are not to be construed as limiting the invention, wherein like reference numerals are used to designate like parts throughout.
Fig. 1 a schematic view of a monitoring bolt of embodiment 1;
fig. 2 is a schematic view of the anchor tray of embodiment 1;
FIG. 3 is a schematic view A of an embodiment 1 of the present invention using a deformation indicating device;
FIG. 4 is a schematic view B of the embodiment 1 of the present invention using a deformation indicating device;
FIG. 5 is a schematic diagram of roadway distribution of the on-line monitoring device in embodiment 2;
FIG. 6 is a schematic view of an on-line monitoring process in embodiment 3.
Reference numerals: 1-anchor rod body; 2-anchor rod tray; 201-auxiliary color development layer; 3-a nut; 4-a gasket; 5-piezochromic material; 6-monitoring the anchor rod; 7-a color capture sensor; 8-a wireless signal transmission device; 9-wireless signal collection base station; 10-a computer; 11-a deformation indicating device; 1101-a housing; 1102-a spring; 1103-color indicator bar; 1104-Window.
Detailed Description
The method and apparatus for on-line monitoring stress and deformation of roadway surrounding rock are further described in detail with reference to the following specific examples, which are provided for comparison and explanation purposes only, and the present invention is not limited to these examples.
Example 1
A method for on-line monitoring stress and deformation of roadway surrounding rock is disclosed, as shown in FIG. 6, the on-line monitoring device of embodiment 2 is adopted, and the method comprises the following steps:
and 6, monitoring the anchor bolt supporting effect according to the color change, and taking safety measures if necessary.
In the step 3: after the anchor rod is installed, comparing the color of the attached layer of the anchor rod tray 2 with the color range of the standard color comparison card after applying pretightening force, and reversely pushing the stress applied to the tray at the moment so as to judge whether the construction quality meets the design requirement;
or the window 1104 of the deformation indicating device 11 is observed to display a color in the normal color position after the pretension is applied.
When the anchor rod tray 2 is in the I-level stress state, the color displayed by the anchor rod tray 2 is beige, and the stress applied to the anchor rod tray 2 is the initial prestress;
when the anchor rod tray 2 is in a II-level stress state, the color displayed by the anchor rod tray 2 is orange yellow, the stress of the anchor rod tray 2 is 50% of the ultimate load of the tray, and reinforcement support measures are required;
when the anchor rod tray 2 is in a III-level stress state, the color displayed by the anchor rod tray 2 is blue, and the stress of the anchor rod tray 2 is 80% of the limit load of the tray;
when being in IV level stress state, the colour that stock tray 2 shows is dark blue, and the size of the stress that receives of stock tray 2 is 90% of tray ultimate load this moment, and the tray is about to take place to destroy and loses bearing capacity.
In the step 4: the signal transmission device comprises a wireless signal transmission device 8 and a wireless signal collection base station 9, the wireless signal transmission device 8 transmits the color signals captured by the color capture sensor 7 to the wireless signal collection base station 9, and the wireless signal collection base station 9 transmits the color signals to the processor through optical fibers.
And 6, when the stress of the anchor rod tray 2 is in a II-level stress state and reflects orange yellow, the display terminal sends out early warning and takes reinforcement support measures.
Preferably, the anchor rod body 1 is a hollow grouting anchor rod, and reinforcement support is performed through grouting of the grouting anchor rod corresponding to the anchor rod tray 2 reflecting orange yellow.
Considering the situation that stress concentration and the like may occur in the surrounding area of the deformation area when grouting reinforcement is only performed on the surrounding rock of the deformation area, further grouting reinforcement is performed on the grouting anchor rod corresponding to the reflected anchor rod tray 2 and the periphery 3m of the grouting anchor rod; in order to prevent to deformation zone reinforcement back, deformation zone produces stress concentration about the regional production of tunnel axis symmetry and takes place deformation, carries out the slip casting reinforcement simultaneously to the slip casting stock that the excellent stock tray 2 that reflects corresponds and the slip casting stock about tunnel axis symmetric position.
In step 6, when the stress of the anchor rod tray 2 is in the IV-level stress state and reflects dark blue, the tray loses bearing capacity and workers are evacuated.
The device in this embodiment adopts the affiliated color development layer of stock tray that has the nature of pressing discolouring, catch sensor 7 and wireless signal transmission through the colour, collect with signal processing analysis and visual system to the deformation state of tunnel surrounding rock the real-time on-line monitoring of utmost point and provide the evaluation report, can reduce intensity of labour by a wide margin, improve tunnel surrounding rock deformation monitoring data's accuracy, realize tunnel surrounding rock deformation monitoring's serialization and intellectuality, be favorable to accurate assurance tunnel surrounding rock deformation's real-time condition, and then serious production incident such as early warning roof collapse that can be timely, effectual assurance production safety.
Example 2
A roadway surrounding rock deformation monitoring anchor rod is shown in figures 1-2 and comprises an anchor rod body 1 and an anchor rod tray 2; the anchor rod tray 2 can display different colors under different deformations.
The anchor rod tray 2 comprises a tray end face and a tray concave part, the bottom surface of the tray concave part is provided with a central hole, and the size of the central hole is matched with the diameter of the anchor rod body 1; the wall thickness of the tray concave part is larger than that of the tray end face, and the longitudinal section of the side wall of the tray concave part is arc-shaped.
The central part of the anchor rod tray 2 is concave to form a tray concave part and a tray end surface, and the geometric dimension of the concave-convex part is increased, so that the anchor rod tray has larger extension deformation rate when bearing, has certain buffering deformation when the deformation of the surrounding rock of the roadway is increased, and is not easy to generate instantaneous fracture damage; the anchor rod tray 2 is provided with the arc chamfers with the radius of 8mm at all corner parts, so that the tray can be prevented from being broken and damaged due to stress concentration when the tray is loaded.
The length (width) L of the anchor rod tray 2 is 100-200 mm, and the length of one wing of the end surface of the tray is 100-200 mmThe degree a is 20-40 mm; end face thickness h of tray15-10 mm; thickness h of tray bottom28-15 mm; tray recess depth h330-40 mm; the width of the bottom of the tray is 30-40 mm; inner radius R of tray concave part160-100 mm; outer radius R of tray concave part2150-250 mm; the radius r of the arc of the corner is 5-15 mm; phi is the diameter of the central hole of the tray and is determined according to the diameter of the anchor rod used.
The specific external shape of the anchor rod tray 2 is shown in fig. 2. The anchor rod tray 2 has the following dimensions: the length (width) L of the anchor rod tray 2 is 150mm, and the length a of one wing of the end surface of the tray is 30 mm; end face thickness h of tray1Is 8 mm; thickness h of tray bottom2Is 10 mm; tray recess depth h3Is 35 mm; the width of the bottom of the tray is 35 mm; inner radius R of tray concave part1Is 80 mm; outer radius R of tray concave part2Is 200 mm; the corner arc radius r is 8 mm.
The monitoring anchor rod 6 for supporting the surrounding rock of the roadway further comprises a nut 3 and a gasket 4, wherein the nut 3 and the gasket 4 are used for connecting and fixing the anchor rod body 1 and the anchor rod tray 2 on the surrounding rock of the roadway, and pretightening force is applied to the anchor rod through the nut 3 to change the stress state of the surrounding rock; the gasket 4 prevents the anchor rod body 1 from being damaged due to stress concentration at the portion contacting the anchor tray 2.
In order to enable the anchor rod tray to display different colors under different deformation and different stress states, a piezochromic material can be added in the manufacturing process of the anchor rod tray, so that the anchor rod tray can display different colors under different deformation.
The anchor rod tray 2 can display different colors through different deformation by arranging the auxiliary color development layer 201 outside. The auxiliary color development layer 201 can be formed by directly coating the piezochromic material 5 on the surface of the anchor rod tray 2 in a coating mode, or can be formed by packaging the piezochromic material 5 in a high-strength transparent resin interlayer and bonding the piezochromic material with the anchor rod tray 2 through a high-strength adhesive. The stress state of the surrounding rock of the roadway is monitored through the color change of the piezochromic material 5 in the auxiliary color development layer 201 of the anchor rod tray 2.
Different colors are displayed compared with the combination of a mechanical structure indicator lamp, a battery and the like, the structure is complex, the implementation is difficult, the number of parts in the mechanical structure is too large, the problem is easy to occur in the middle link, and the consistency is difficult to guarantee. The invention adopts the piezochromic material, has simple structure and easy implementation, and avoids the possibility of the problems of connection of intermediate parts and the like, and the monitoring mechanism is active monitoring.
The material with piezochromic property is a novel intelligent material, and has wide application in the fields of stress sensors, information storage, fluorescent switches, luminescent devices and the like.
In this example, the piezochromic material is formed by doping ions of the A element and the B element as the main components in the solid solution oxide of the C elementmC1-m-n)(BnC1-m-n)OkSolid solution oxide, m and n are mole fractions, 0.005<m<0.3，0.001<n<0.2, k is a natural number; (A)mC1-m-n)(BnC1-m-n)OkThe mass percentage of the oxide of solid solution in the mixture is x; the hydroxide of the C accounts for y, the sum of the mass percentages of the oxide of the A element, the hydroxide of the A element, the oxide of the B element, the hydroxide of the B element and the oxide of the C element is z, 50%<x<85％,20％<y<50%, and x + y + z is 1. The element A is one of elements tin, gallium or aluminum, the element B is one of rare earth elements yttrium, scandium, lanthanum, cerium, praseodymium, rubidium, promethium, samarium, europium, terbium, dysprosium, holmium, erbium, thulium, ytterbium, lutetium or gadolinium, and the element C is one of indium, vanadium, tungsten, molybdenum, manganese, nickel, cobalt or zinc.
The piezochromic material has high temperature resistance and can bear the high temperature of 400 ℃ or higher; the service life is longer, and the service life of a common piezochromic material is 2-3 years; the stress range of the material for piezochromic reaction is 0.0001-1GPa, and the pressure range of the common organic color-changing material is 0.1-1GPa, so that the material has high piezochromic sensitivity; can realize continuous color change from light color to dark color, and can realize continuous color change from beige color to blue color and blue-black color.
The content of Sn is about 65% in this example0.0825In0.7925)(La0.125In0.7925)O3And 30% indium hydroxide, lanthanum oxide, lanthanum hydroxide, indium oxide, tin hydroxide, in total about 5% by weight as a piezochromic material. Indium hydroxide, tin hydroxide and lanthanum oxide solids are used as raw materials, are uniformly mixed according to the mole fraction, are ground by adding water, are heated and kept at 400 +/-50 ℃, and are cooled to obtain the piezochromic material.
According to the invention, the piezochromic material 5 is sealed between two pieces of high-strength resin to form the auxiliary color development layer 201 of the anchor rod tray 2, a high-strength adhesive is adopted to be pasted on the outer surface of the tray, the color reflected from the auxiliary color development layer 201 is collected in real time by the color capture sensor 7, inversion is carried out through signal conversion, if the force applied to the tray is increased, the color of powder in the color development layer can be changed or the intensity of the reflected signal can be changed, so that the stress applied to the anchor rod tray 2 can be monitored, the intelligent real-time monitoring of the stability of the surrounding rock of the roadway is realized, and a reinforcement support measure is timely taken when a potential hazard occurs, thereby avoiding the occurrence of safety accidents.
Because the anchor rod (cable) tray is tightly attached to the surrounding rocks of the roadway when bearing, the Newton's third law can know that the stress on the anchor rod (cable) tray is the stress applied to the surrounding rocks of the roadway, therefore, the anchor rod (cable) tray with the pressure discoloration coating is adopted to support the roadway, the stress of the surrounding rocks of the roadway can be accurately monitored in real time, the real-time state of stress and deformation of the surrounding rocks of the roadway can be accurately mastered, and further the serious production safety accidents such as anchor rod (cable) breakage, tray failure, roof collapse and the like can be timely and early warned, and the production safety can be effectively guaranteed.
According to the invention, the matching relation between the color change and the stress range when the auxiliary color development layer 201 of the anchor rod tray 2 is stressed is obtained through laboratory tests, and the color range of the anchor rod tray 2 in different stress states forms a standard color development contrast card, if the tray is only beige when stressed with pre-tightening stress, the tray is in an I-level stress state; when the stress of the tray is 50% of the ultimate strength, the tray is orange yellow, which is a II-level stress state; when the tray is stressed by 80% of the ultimate strength, the tray is blue, and the tray is in a stress state III; the tray is dark blue when stressed at 90% of the ultimate strength, which is the IV stressed state.
Compared with the anchor rod tray 2 commonly used in coal mines, the anchor rod tray 2 has the beneficial effects that: firstly, the size of the applied anchor bolt pretightening force can be judged by observing the color state of the auxiliary color development layer 201 of the tray, and whether the construction quality of the anchor bolt support reaches the design requirement standard or not is visually verified; secondly, in the effective bearing range of the tray, the color of the auxiliary color development layer 201 of the tray changes along with the change of the stress state borne by the tray, and the larger the pressure value is, the darker the color of the color development layer is.
Preferably, in order to timely reinforce and support when the anchor rod (cable) tray is stressed greatly, the anchor rod (cable) adopted by the invention is a hollow grouting anchor rod (cable) which is used for secondarily reinforcing surrounding rocks of the roadway, preventing the surrounding rocks from generating large deformation and effectively ensuring the stability of the roadway during service.
Thereby show the deformation condition in stock tray 2 through the colour change monitoring tunnel, can set up tangible indicating device 11 on the stock tray, deformation indicating device 11 shows different colours under the different deformation of stock tray.
As shown in fig. 3, a deformation indicating device 11 is connected between the end face of the tray and the recess of the tray, and the deformation indicating device 11 comprises a housing 1101, a spring 1102 and a color indicating strip 1103; a spring 1102 and a color indication strip 1103 are arranged inside the shell 1101, one end of the spring 1102 is connected with the tray concave part, the other end of the spring 1102 is connected with the color indication strip 1103, four areas with different colors are divided on the color indication strip 1103 according to the deformation grades, and a window 1104 is arranged on the shell 1101. When the anchor tray 2 is deformed to different degrees, the spring 1102 pulls the color indicator strip 1103 to slide, thereby displaying a color corresponding to the different deformation at the window 1104.
As shown in fig. 4, both ends of the deformation indicating device 11 are connected to the end surface of the anchor rod tray 2, so that the deformation of the anchor rod tray 2 can be displayed more accurately. The deformation indicating device 11 is simple in structure and easy to implement.
Example 3
An online monitoring device for roadway surrounding rock deformation is shown in fig. 5, and comprises a monitoring anchor rod 6 in embodiment 1, a color capture sensor 7, a wireless signal transmission device 8, a wireless signal collection base station 9 and a computer 10; the color capture sensor 7 is used to capture the color change of the color indicator strip 1103 displayed in the anchor tray 2 auxiliary color layer 201 or window 1104; the wireless signal transmission device 8 is used for transmitting the color signals captured by the color capture sensor 7; the wireless signal collecting base station 9 is used for receiving the color signal transmitted by the line signal transmitting device and transmitting the color signal to the computer 10.
The color capturing sensor 7 in the embodiment has the light supplementing characteristic and the wireless signal transmitting function, an online monitoring system for roadway surrounding rock deformation is installed in the computer 10, and the system has the functions of collecting, processing, analyzing data, visualizing the data and evaluating results. The real-time three-dimensional shape of the roadway surrounding rock and the stress state of the anchor rod tray 2 can be visualized through data processed by the system, the stress state of a certain area range is finally obtained, the surrounding rock stress state of the area can be judged to be in the stage according to the color distribution range, and whether reinforcement support needs to be implemented or not is further judged.
In the process of tunneling a roadway, the anchor rod tray 2 with the piezochromic property provided by the invention is adopted to complete support according to the design requirement of the support.
The color capture sensors 7 are arranged in the middle of the two rows of anchor rods, each color capture sensor 7 correspondingly monitors two trays, and the specific positioning is determined according to the row spacing between the anchor rods provided by the supporting scheme.
One wireless signal transmission device 8 is arranged on the top plate of the roadway at certain intervals, such as 100m, along the axial direction of the roadway.
The wireless signal collecting base station 9 is arranged at the end position of the roadway along the advancing direction of the working face.
Data collected by the wireless signal collection base station 9 are transmitted to a special computer 10 for monitoring roadway surrounding rock deformation of a dispatching room through optical fibers, and the signal data transmitted underground are processed, analyzed and visualized through the computer 10, and an evaluation report of the deformation state of the roadway surrounding rock is provided.
The device in this embodiment captures sensor 7 and wireless signal transmission through the colour, collect with signal processing analysis and visual system to roadway surrounding rock's deformation state full of mind real-time on-line monitoring and provide the evaluation report, can reduce intensity of labour by a wide margin, improve roadway surrounding rock deformation monitoring data's accuracy, realize roadway surrounding rock deformation monitoring's serialization and intellectuality, be favorable to accurate assurance roadway surrounding rock deformation's real-time condition, and then serious production incident such as early warning roof collapse that can be timely, effectual assurance production safety.
The above description is only for the preferred embodiment of the present invention, but the scope of the present invention is not limited thereto, and any changes or substitutions that can be easily conceived by those skilled in the art within the technical scope of the present invention are included in the scope of the present invention.
Claims (10)
1. A method for monitoring roadway surrounding rock stress and deformation on line is characterized by comprising the following steps:
step 1, supporting roadway surrounding rock by using a monitoring anchor rod, wherein the monitoring anchor rod comprises an anchor rod body and an anchor rod tray, and the anchor rod tray displays different colors under different deformations;
the anchor rod tray is added with a piezochromic material, so that the anchor rod tray can display different colors under different deformations;
or the outer surface of the anchor rod tray is provided with an auxiliary color development layer, and the color of the auxiliary color development layer changes when the pressure changes;
the auxiliary color development layer is a coating formed by coating a piezochromic material outside the anchor rod tray;
or the auxiliary color development layer is a transparent resin interlayer with a piezochromic material packaged inside, and the auxiliary color development layer is bonded with the anchor rod tray through an adhesive;
step 2, installing a color capture sensor and a signal transmission device;
step 3, changing the stress state and the deformation elongation of the anchor rod tray when the surrounding rock of the roadway deforms, and changing the color reflected by the anchor rod tray under the illumination of lamplight;
step 4, the color capturing sensor monitors the color of the anchor rod tray in real time, and when the color of the anchor rod tray changes, the signal transmission device transmits color signals captured by the color capturing sensor to the processor;
step 5, the processor processes the color signals and sends the color signals to a display terminal, and deformation conditions of the anchor rod tray are displayed graphically;
and 6, taking safety measures according to the deformation condition of the anchor rod tray.
2. The method for monitoring the stress and deformation of the surrounding rock of the roadway on line according to claim 1, wherein in the step 3:
after pre-tightening force is applied during installation and detection of the anchor rod, the anchor rod tray is in a I-level stress state, and a first color is displayed;
displaying a second color when the anchor rod tray is in a II-level stress state, wherein the deformation of the anchor rod tray reaches 50% of the limit deformation;
displaying a third color when a III-level stress state occurs, wherein the deformation of the anchor rod tray reaches 80% of the limit deformation;
and displaying a fourth color when the IV-level stress state occurs, wherein the deformation of the anchor rod tray reaches 90% of the limit deformation, and the anchor rod tray loses the bearing capacity.
3. The method for monitoring the stress and deformation of the surrounding rock of the roadway on line according to claim 1, wherein in the step 4: the signal transmission device comprises a wireless signal transmission device and a wireless signal collection base station, the wireless signal transmission device transmits the color signals captured by the color capture sensor to the wireless signal collection base station, and the wireless signal collection base station transmits the color signals to the processor through optical fibers.
4. The method for on-line monitoring of roadway surrounding rock stress and deformation according to claim 2, wherein in the step 6, when the anchor rod tray is subjected to III-level stress deformation and displays a third color, the display terminal gives an early warning and takes a reinforcing and supporting measure.
5. The method for on-line monitoring of roadway surrounding rock stress and deformation according to claim 2, wherein in the step 6, when the anchor rod tray is subjected to IV-level stress deformation and displays the fourth color, the anchor rod tray is about to lose bearing capacity, and workers are evacuated.
6. The method for on-line monitoring of roadway surrounding rock stress and deformation according to claim 4, wherein the anchor rod body is a hollow grouting anchor rod, and reinforcement support is performed through grouting of the grouting anchor rod corresponding to the anchor rod tray displaying the third color.
7. The method for on-line monitoring of roadway surrounding rock stress and deformation according to claim 4, wherein the anchor rod body is a hollow grouting anchor rod, and grouting reinforcement is simultaneously performed on the grouting anchor rod corresponding to the anchor rod tray displaying the third color and the grouting anchor rod at the position symmetrical to the roadway axis.
8. The method for on-line monitoring of roadway surrounding rock stress and deformation according to any one of claims 1 to 7, wherein the anchor rod tray is recessed from a central position to form a tray end face and a tray concave portion, a central hole is formed in the bottom face of the tray concave portion, and the size of the central hole is matched with that of an anchor rod body.
9. The method for on-line monitoring of roadway surrounding rock stress and deformation according to claim 1, wherein in the step 2, a color capture sensor is arranged in the middle of two rows of anchor rods, and each color capture sensor monitors two corresponding trays.
10. The device adopted by the method for on-line monitoring of the stress and deformation of the surrounding rock of the roadway according to any one of claims 1 to 9 is characterized by comprising a monitoring anchor rod, a color capturing sensor, a wireless signal transmission device, a wireless signal collecting base station, a processor and a display terminal;
the monitoring anchor rod comprises an anchor rod body and an anchor rod tray, and the anchor rod tray displays different colors under different deformations;
the wireless signal transmission device is arranged on a roadway top plate, the wireless signal collection base station is arranged at the end position of the roadway along the advancing direction of the working face, and the processor is connected with the wireless signal collection base station.
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| CN111982671B (en) * | 2020-06-30 | 2023-08-08 | 天地科技股份有限公司 | Pressure arch visualized broken stone anchoring test device and method |
| CN112033276B (en) * | 2020-09-10 | 2022-11-01 | 河南启欧通用机械有限公司 | Roadway deformation monitoring device |
| CN112253248B (en) * | 2020-10-26 | 2022-11-15 | 辽宁工程技术大学 | Automatic early warning and prevention device for roof collapse of roadway |
| CN112361923B (en) * | 2020-11-04 | 2022-02-01 | 华北科技学院 | Measuring device for monitoring coal mine tunnel roof deviation |
| CN112344861B (en) * | 2020-11-05 | 2022-06-14 | 辽宁大学 | Novel method for testing roadway surrounding rock support deformation |
| CN112443357A (en) * | 2020-11-25 | 2021-03-05 | 攀枝花学院 | Intelligent early warning method for monitoring stability of surrounding rock of mine roadway |
| CN112903975B (en) * | 2021-05-07 | 2021-08-13 | 北京科技大学 | Coal mine roadway support normalized auxiliary monitoring device and method based on anchor rod linkage |
| CN113446955B (en) * | 2021-07-12 | 2022-11-01 | 重庆交通大学 | Rock cavity weathering depth monitoring system for dumping type dangerous rock and collapse early warning method |
| CN114060075B (en) * | 2021-11-16 | 2022-06-21 | 中国矿业大学 | Force-induced color change-based anchor rod anchoring force monitoring and analyzing system and method |
| CN115014613B (en) * | 2022-06-28 | 2023-05-23 | 中国科学院武汉岩土力学研究所 | Monitoring method for surrounding rock stress and deformation of coal mine tunnel |
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| JP2777089B2 (en) * | 1995-07-03 | 1998-07-16 | 正師 井手 | Loose screw warning device |
| JP5649234B2 (en) * | 2012-12-21 | 2015-01-07 | 鹿島建設株式会社 | Ground deformation detection structure, ground deformation detection system, and ground deformation detection washer |
| CN104329105A (en) * | 2014-09-24 | 2015-02-04 | 淮南市金德实业有限公司 | Color light storage type anchor rod plastic tray |
| CN106092395B (en) * | 2016-07-05 | 2018-10-02 | 太原理工大学 | A kind of device and method that anchor pole power is monitored using equal thickness interference principle |
| CN206419057U (en) * | 2016-12-23 | 2017-08-18 | 山东科技大学 | Rockbolt stress, which is surveyed, reads prior-warning device |
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| CN108412549B (en) * | 2018-03-21 | 2023-07-18 | 中煤科工集团重庆研究院有限公司 | Tunnel supporting structure suitable for gas occurrence rock section |
| CN109838259B (en) * | 2019-02-22 | 2021-04-02 | 北方工业大学 | Photoelectric coupling sensing intelligent support anchor rod system |
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