WO2020087906A1 - 一种锚杆 - 锚索协同变形受力的支护方法 - Google Patents

一种锚杆 - 锚索协同变形受力的支护方法 Download PDF

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Publication number
WO2020087906A1
WO2020087906A1 PCT/CN2019/086733 CN2019086733W WO2020087906A1 WO 2020087906 A1 WO2020087906 A1 WO 2020087906A1 CN 2019086733 W CN2019086733 W CN 2019086733W WO 2020087906 A1 WO2020087906 A1 WO 2020087906A1
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Prior art keywords
anchor
cable
length
bolt
anchor cable
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PCT/CN2019/086733
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English (en)
French (fr)
Inventor
谭云亮
周凯
于凤海
赵伟
高学鹏
贾敬龙
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山东科技大学
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Application filed by 山东科技大学 filed Critical 山东科技大学
Priority to RU2020117180A priority Critical patent/RU2765905C2/ru
Publication of WO2020087906A1 publication Critical patent/WO2020087906A1/zh

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    • EFIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
    • E21EARTH OR ROCK DRILLING; MINING
    • E21DSHAFTS; TUNNELS; GALLERIES; LARGE UNDERGROUND CHAMBERS
    • E21D20/00Setting anchoring-bolts
    • EFIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
    • E21EARTH OR ROCK DRILLING; MINING
    • E21DSHAFTS; TUNNELS; GALLERIES; LARGE UNDERGROUND CHAMBERS
    • E21D21/00Anchoring-bolts for roof, floor in galleries or longwall working, or shaft-lining protection
    • E21D21/02Anchoring-bolts for roof, floor in galleries or longwall working, or shaft-lining protection having means for indicating tension

Definitions

  • the present invention relates to the technical field of mine roadway support, in particular to a roadway support method in which reasonable bolt-anchor cable support parameters are designed according to the principle of anchor rod-anchor cable coordinate deformation and stress.
  • the anchor or anchor cable is prone to break down and become unstable due to the amount of subsidence exceeding the limit of stretching, which makes the actual support strength of the support system occur. Sudden drop, which in turn induces unbroken anchor rods or cables to break due to the required support strength exceeding the actual support capacity, which can easily lead to the total failure of the joint support body of the anchor rod and the anchor cable, which can easily cause the tunnel.
  • An anchor rod-anchor cable cooperative deformation supporting method the steps include:
  • D. Determine the length of the anchor rod and anchor cable; Steps include: D1. Determine the length of the free section of the anchor rod and anchor cable; D2. Calculate the length of the link rod and chain cable;
  • F. Determine the spacing between the anchor rod and the anchor cable; Steps include: F1. Preset the spacing between the anchor rod, calculate the anchor rod supporting strength; F2. Calculate the required supporting strength of the anchor cable, determine the anchor cable Row spacing; F3. Reasonable verification of row spacing between anchor rods and cables;
  • the tunnel surrounding rock damage range in step A is calculated using falling arch theory or elastoplastic theory, and the tunnel surrounding rock damage range is measured using a borehole TV detection method; the support strength is suspended Theory, combined arch theory or reinforced arch theory.
  • the beam bending formula in step B is:
  • the performance of the anchor rod and the anchor cable in step C is tested by an indoor pull test, and the relationship between the extension of the anchor rod and the anchor cable and the stress is obtained through the indoor pull test.
  • the step D the free length of the rock bolt according to step D1 - principles calculation of anchor cooperative shape, wherein the maximum expansion anchor consisting of maximum extension segment A and segment anchor consisting ⁇ 52 equal,
  • the formula of the relationship between the length of the free section, the sinking amount of the roadway roof and the maximum extension Determine the length of the free section of the anchor rod and cable;
  • the calculation of the length of the anchor rod and cable in step D2 is as follows: Calculate the length of the anchor rod L, and first determine the length of the anchor section of the anchor B; and the length of the exposed section of the anchor L w , Then determine according to the formula L f L ; + L M + L W ; calculate the length of the anchor cable L f , first determine the length of the anchoring section of the anchor
  • the value of the length of the anchoring section of the bolt is 0.3 ⁇ 0.5m, the length of the length of the exposed section of the bolt is 0.1 ⁇ 0.3m; the value of the length of the anchoring section of the anchor cable is The length of the exposed section of the anchor cable ranges from 0.2 to 0.3 m.
  • the strength check of the anchor rod and the anchor cable in step E includes comparing the force F of the anchor rod under the condition of the maximum roadway roof sinking amount; and the magnitude relationship of the anchor rod yield load [F;], comparison The relationship between the force F 2 of the anchor cable and the yield load of the anchor cable [F 2 ] under the condition of the maximum roof sinking.
  • the preset spacing between bolts in step F1 includes determining the number n of bolts per unit length of the roadway movement, according to the force F of the bolts under the condition of the maximum roadway roof sinking amount ; And the actual working coefficient of the bolt to calculate the strength of the bolt support / V
  • n is determined according to the number of anchor tunnel per unit length between the anchor row spacing; when step F3 tunnel to anchor the number per unit length of greater than n ⁇ per unit length of anchor gateway to the number n, the repeat Step F1.
  • the beneficial effects of the present invention include: [0023] (1) The method determines the length of the anchor rod and the anchor cable based on the coordinated deformation of the anchor rod and the anchor cable, so that the support performance of the anchor rod and the anchor cable can be fully exerted, which avoids the traditional support design. Ignoring the difference in the maximum stretching amount of the anchor rod and the anchor cable, the phenomenon that the anchor rod or anchor cable breaks first will cause the overall failure of the support body, which greatly reduces the anchor rod or anchor cable. The failure of one side induces the overall failure of the support body, resulting in the probability of a large area collapse of the roof.
  • the maximum supporting capacity of both the anchor rod and the anchor cable support is the actual force when the limit value of the sinking amount of the roof is measured according to the test, so that the anchor rod and anchor cable supporting ability is fully exerted, It solves the contradiction that the anchoring force is calculated according to the maximum value in the design of the bolt and cable support and the two cannot be achieved at the same time in the actual project.
  • the bolt and cable support parameters obtained based on this are more accurate.
  • the invention also has the advantages of simple calculation, convenient operation, strong applicability and the like.
  • FIG. 1 is a flow chart of a supporting method of anchor rod-anchor cable cooperative deformation and stress
  • FIG. 2 is a design drawing of tunnel section support
  • FIG. 3 is a design drawing of roof support of a roadway
  • the present invention provides a supporting method of anchor rod-anchor cable cooperative deformation and stress, specific implementation manners are as follows.
  • An anchor rod-anchor cable coordinate deformation supporting method as shown in Fig. 1, the steps include:
  • Step A Determine the surrounding rock damage range of the roadway and calculate the required supporting strength of the surrounding rock of the roadway; the surrounding rock damage range is obtained through theoretical calculation or on-site measurement, and the supporting strength is determined through theoretical calculation;
  • Step B Roadway roof sag is estimated; including calculating the maximum deflection according to the beam bending formula;
  • the measured roof rock bulk density y, roof rock layer elastic modulus £, roadway width L, roof rock layer thickness m to calculate the roadway roof sag amount is the maximum deflection.
  • Step C Initially determine the supporting material of the anchor rod and the anchor cable, and perform the performance test of the anchor rod and the anchor cable; including presetting the supporting material of the anchor rod and the anchor cable according to the adjacent tunnel supporting material of the mine, the anchor Rod and anchor cable performance tests include elongation and yield load;
  • Step D Determine the length of the anchor rod and anchor cable.
  • This step includes:
  • the maximum extension A of the free section of the anchor rod and the maximum extension of the free section of the anchor cable ⁇ 5 2 are equal, according to the formula of the relationship between the length of the free section, the amount of sinking of the roadway roof and the maximum extension: Determine the free length of the anchor rod and cable.
  • D2. Calculate the length of the anchor rod and the anchor cable.
  • Calculate the length of the anchor cable L first determine the length of the anchoring section of the anchor cable and the length of the exposed section of the anchor cable L f;
  • the length of the anchoring section of the anchor rod ranges from 0.3 to 0.5m, and the length of the exposed section of the anchor rod ranges from 0.1 to 0.3m;
  • the length of the anchoring section of the anchor cable ranges from The length of the exposed section of the anchor cable ranges from 0.2 to 0.3 m.
  • Step E Strength check of anchor rod and anchor cable, repeat Step C when the strength requirement is not met.
  • the strength check includes the stress of the anchor rod and anchor cable under the condition of the maximum roadway roof sinking.
  • the strength check of the anchor rod and cable in this step includes comparing the force F of the anchor rod under the condition of the maximum roadway roof sinking amount; and the size relationship of the anchor rod yield load [F;], comparing the maximum tunnel under the roof roof The relationship between the force of the anchor cable and the yield load [F 2 ] of the anchor cable under the sinking condition.
  • the length of the anchor rod and the anchor cable is determined based on the coordinated deformation of the anchor rod and the anchor cable, which can give full play to the support performance of the anchor rod and the anchor cable and avoid the neglect of the anchor rod and anchor cable in the traditional support design As a result of the difference in the maximum tensile amount, the anchor rod or cable will break first and cause the overall failure of the support body due to the excessive tensile amount.
  • Step F Determine the row spacing between the anchor rod and the anchor cable.
  • This step includes:
  • F1 Preset the spacing between the anchors, calculate the strength of the anchor support.
  • F2. Calculate the required supporting strength of the anchor cable and determine the row spacing between the anchor cables.
  • the row distance between the anchor cables is determined according to the number n of anchor cables per unit length of the roadway.
  • the maximum supporting capacity of both the bolt and the anchor cable support is the actual force when the limit value of the sinking amount of the roof is measured according to the test, so that the anchor rod and the anchor cable supporting capacity are fully exerted, and the anchor is solved.
  • Step G Draw a support design drawing, construct anchors and cables in the roadway, measure the stress of the anchors and cables, monitor the amount of roof delamination to verify the support effect, and ensure the support safety of the roadway.
  • the support design drawing is drawn based on the calculation results of steps A ⁇ F on the basis of the roadway section design drawing, which is convenient for design and construction.
  • the length of the anchor rod and anchor cable obtained by this method design is more reasonable, which not only avoids the waste of supporting material caused by too long anchor rod or anchor cable, but also prevents the potential collapse of the roof caused by too short anchor rod or anchor cable.
  • This embodiment combined with an example of a mining project, provides a force for the coordinated deformation of an anchor rod-anchor cable provided by the present invention.
  • a mine mainly mines 3-1 coal with an average coal seam thickness of 3.6m.
  • the coal seam is stable and the thickness does not change much.
  • the top rock layer is sandy mudstone with an average thickness of about 1.4m; fine sandstone with an average thickness of about 2.8m; siltstone with an average thickness of about 7m.
  • the auxiliary transport roadway is driven along the bottom.
  • the cross-sectional shape is rectangular, and the dimensions of the roadway are wide x high and 4.6x3.6m.
  • the specific implementation steps of the joint support design with bolts and cables are as follows.
  • Step A Determine the damage range of the surrounding rock of the roadway and calculate the required supporting strength of the surrounding rock of the roadway.
  • the borehole television detection method to obtain the tunnel roof plastic zone range b is specifically 1.
  • Step B The roadway roof sag amount is predicted, and the maximum deflection, that is, the maximum roadway roof sag amount is calculated according to the beam bending formula.
  • the measured bulk density of the roof rock layer r is 25kN / m 3 , the elastic modulus of the roof rock layer is £ 455MPa, the width L of the roadway is 4.6m, the thickness of the roof rock layer is 1.8m, and the maximum deflection of the roadway roof sink is calculated.
  • the beam bending formula in this step calculates the amount of roof sinking as:
  • Step C Initially determine the supporting material of the anchor rod and the anchor cable, and perform the performance test of the anchor rod and the anchor cable.
  • the supporting material of the anchor bolt and cable is preset according to the supporting material of the adjacent roadway of the mine, and the roof bolt is preset to be a threaded steel chain rod with a diameter of 20 mm.
  • the chain cable is a steel stranded chain cable with a diameter of 17.8 mm.
  • Step D Determine the length of the anchor rod and the anchor cable.
  • This step includes:
  • D2. Calculate the length of the anchor rod and the anchor cable.
  • the length of the fixed length of the chain link is 0.3 ⁇ 0.5m
  • the length of the exposed length of the chain is 0.1 ⁇ 0.3m
  • the value of the length of the anchoring section of the anchor is The length of the exposed section of the anchor cable ranges from 0.2 to 0.3 m.
  • Step E Check the strength of the anchor rod and cable, and repeat Step C when the strength requirement is not met.
  • the strength check includes the stress of the anchor rod and anchor cable under the condition of the maximum roadway roof sinking.
  • the strength check of the bolt and cable in this step includes comparing the force F of the bolt under the condition of the maximum roadway roof sinking amount; and the magnitude relationship of the yielding load of the bolt [F;], comparing the maximum tunnel under the roof The relationship between the force 2 of the anchor cable and the yield load [F 2 ] of the anchor cable under the sinking condition.
  • the maximum roof sinking amount of the tunnel is 0.237m
  • the tensile stress of the anchor rod and the anchor cable is 115kN and 230kN, respectively, and the yield load of the anchor rod and anchor cable is not exceeded. At this time, the length of the anchor rod and anchor cable is appropriate.
  • the anchor rod and the anchor cable are determined based on the coordinated deformation of the anchor rod and the anchor cable, which can give full play to the support performance of the anchor rod and the anchor cable, and avoid the neglect of the anchor rod and anchor cable in the traditional support design.
  • the anchor rod or cable will break first and cause the overall loss of the support body due to the excessive stretching amount. Effect.
  • Step F Determine the row spacing between the anchor rod and the anchor cable.
  • This step includes:
  • the preset spacing between the bolts is lmxlm
  • the preset spacing between the bolts includes determining the number n of the bolts per unit length of the roadway movement, which is 5, according to the maximum roadway roof
  • the force F of the bolt under the condition of sinking amount is 115 kN
  • the actual working coefficient of the bolt is 0.7
  • the bolt supporting strength /% is calculated.
  • F2. Calculate the required supporting strength of the anchor cable and determine the spacing between the anchor cables.
  • Anchor unit according to the length of the roadway number n c
  • the row spacing between chains is determined to be 1.8mx2.0m.
  • the maximum supporting capacity of both the bolt and the anchor cable support is the actual force when the limit value of the sinking amount of the roof is measured according to the test, so that the anchor rod and the anchor cable supporting capacity are fully exerted, and the anchor is solved.
  • Step G Drawing a support design drawing.
  • the final support scheme for the top of the roadway is the combined support of bolts and anchor cables.
  • the bolts are made of threaded steel bolts with a length of 2.0m and a diameter of 20mm.
  • the row spacing between the anchor rods is lmxlm, rectangular arrangement; the anchor cable is loosened with high strength
  • the prestressed steel strands have a length of 6.2m, a diameter of 17.8mm, and a row spacing between anchors of 1.8mx2.0m. They are arranged in a rectangular shape, and the supporting design drawings are drawn, as shown in Figures 2 and 3, which is convenient for construction.

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Mining & Mineral Resources (AREA)
  • Structural Engineering (AREA)
  • Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
  • General Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
  • Geochemistry & Mineralogy (AREA)
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  • Devices Affording Protection Of Roads Or Walls For Sound Insulation (AREA)
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Abstract

一种锚杆-锚索协同变形受力的支护方法被公开。该方法包括:A.确定巷道围岩破坏范围,计算巷道围岩所需支护强度;B.巷道顶板下沉量预计;C.初定锚杆和锚索的支护材料,进行锚杆和锚索性能测试;D.确定锚杆和锚索长度;包括:D1.确定锚杆和锚索自由段长度;D2.计算锚杆和锚索长度;E.锚杆和锚索强度校核,当不满足强度要求时重复步骤C;F.确定锚杆和锚索的间排距;包括:F1.预设锚杆间排距,计算锚杆支护强度;F2.计算锚索所需的支护强度,确定锚索间排距;F3.间排距合理性验证。G.锚杆和锚索施工并监测。该方法解决了锚杆-锚索支护参数设计和提升锚固效果的技术问题,具有设计合理,操作简便,可靠性高等优点。

Description

一种铺杆 -铺索协同变形受力的支护方法 技术领域
[0001] 本发明涉及矿井巷道支护技术领域, 尤其是一种根据锚杆 -锚索协同变形受力 的原理设计合理的锚杆 -锚索支护参数的巷道支护方法。
背景技术
[0002] 目前随着我国煤炭资源的开采, 矿井巷道的数量增长迅速, 锚杆支护占煤矿巷 道支护的比例最大, 但是单一的锚杆支护难以满足巷道围岩控制的要求, 因此 锚杆锚索联合支护的形式被广泛的应用。 5见有的锚杆-锚索联合支护设计中 般锚杆、 锚索最大支护能力常采用设计锚固力, 但实际工程中锚杆、 锚索难以 同时达到设计锚固力, 因此存在设计参数不合理的技术问题, 并且会造成支护 结构的资源浪费。
[0003] 在矿井巷道现场工程中, 锚杆、 锚索支护以后, 随着锚杆支护范围内顶板离层 产生、 扩展, 锚杆杆体与锚索索体均受拉, 产生拉伸变形, 且变形量相同均为 锚杆支护范围内顶板离层量。 然而, 煤矿所用的锚杆和锚索的长度与延伸率均 不同, 被拉断时最大拉伸量往往也不相同。 其中, 锚杆杆体伸缩率一般为 15%~2 5%、 锚索索体伸缩率约 3.5%~7%。 随着锚杆支护范围内顶板离层量不断增大, 锚杆或锚索易出现因下沉量超过拉伸量的极限而造成一方先破断失稳, 使得支 护体系实际支护强度发生突降, 进而诱发未破断的锚杆或锚索因所需支护强度 突增超过实际支护能力导致支护破坏, 这就易造成锚杆与锚索联合支护体全部 失效, 易引起巷道顶板发生大面积坍塌冒落事故。 因此需要对现有的锚杆 -锚索 支护设计方法进行进一步的改进, 以充分发挥锚杆和锚索的支护性能, 避免不 合理的支护设计。
发明概述
技术问题
问题的解决方案
技术解决方案 [0004] 为解决设计合理的锚杆-锚索支护参数, 提升巷道锚固效果的技术问题, 本发 明提供了一种锚杆 -锚索协同变形受力的支护方法, 具体技术方案如下。
[0005] 一种锚杆 -锚索协同变形受力的支护方法, 步骤包括:
[0006] A.确定巷道围岩破坏范围, 计算巷道围岩所需支护强度; 所述围岩破坏范围通 过理论计算或现场实测的方法获取, 所述支护强度通过理论计算确定;
[0007] B.巷道顶板下沉量预计; 包括根据梁弯曲公式计算最大挠度;
[0008] C.初定锚杆和锚索的支护材料, 进行锚杆和锚索性能测试; 包括根据矿井相邻 巷道支护材料预设锚杆锚索的支护材料, 所述锚杆和锚索性能测试包括延伸率 和屈服载荷;
[0009] D.确定锚杆和锚索长度; 步骤包括: D1.确定锚杆和锚索自由段长度; D2.计算 链杆和链索长度;
[0010] E.锚杆和锚索强度校核, 当不满足强度要求时重复步骤 C; 所述强度校核包括 最大巷道顶板下沉量条件下的锚杆和锚索受力;
[0011] F.确定锚杆和锚索的间排距; 步骤包括: F1.预设锚杆间排距, 计算锚杆支护强 度; F2.计算锚索所需支护强度, 确定锚索间排距; F3.锚杆、 锚索间排距合理性 验证;
[0012] G.绘制支护设计图, 巷道内施工锚杆和锚索, 测量锚杆和锚索受力, 监测顶板 离层量。
[0013] 优选的是, 步骤 A中的巷道围岩破坏范围利用冒落拱理论或弹塑性理论进行计 算, 巷道围岩破坏范围利用钻孔电视探测方法进行测量; 所述支护强度 利用 悬吊理论、 组合拱理论或加固拱理论进行计算。
[0014] 优选的是, 步骤 B中的梁弯曲公式为:
Figure imgf000004_0001
[0015] 实测顶板岩层容重 y, 顶板岩层弹性模量 £, 巷道宽度 L, 顶板岩层厚度
Figure imgf000004_0002
计算巷道顶板下沉量即最大挠度 。
[0016] 优选的是, 步骤 C中所述锚杆和锚索性能通过室内拉拔试验进行测试, 通过室 内拉拔实验得到锚杆和锚索的延伸量与受力关系曲线。 [0017] 优选的是, 步骤 D中, D1步骤的自由段长度根据锚杆-锚索协同变形原理计算 , 其中锚杆自由段最大延伸量 A和锚索自由段最大延伸量 <52相等, 根据自由段 长度、 巷道顶板下沉量和最大延伸量的关系公式:
Figure imgf000005_0001
确 定锚杆和锚索的自由段长度; D2步骤的锚杆和锚索长度计算具体为: 计算锚杆 长度 L,, 首先确定锚杆锚固段长度乙《;和锚杆外露段长度 Lw, 再根据公式 Lf L;+LM+LW确定; 计算锚索长度 Lf, 首先确定锚索锚固段长度
Figure imgf000005_0002
和锚索外露 段长度 L , 再根据公式 LC=L2+Lc0+L 确定。
[0018] 进一步优选的是, 锚杆锚固段长度取值范围为 0.3~0.5m, 锚杆外露段长度取值 范围为 0.1~0.3m; 所述锚索锚固段长度取值范围为
Figure imgf000005_0003
锚索外露段长度取值 范围为 0.2~0.3m。
[0019] 优选的是, 步骤 E中的锚杆和锚索强度校核包括对比最大巷道顶板下沉量条件 下的锚杆受力 F;和锚杆屈服载荷[F;]的大小关系, 对比最大巷道顶板下沉量条 件下的锚索受力 F 2和锚索屈服载荷[ F 2]的大小关系。
[0020] 优选的是, 步骤 F中, F1步骤的预设锚杆间排距包括确定巷道走向单位长度内 锚杆的数量 n ,, 根据最大巷道顶板下沉量条件下的锚杆受力 F ;和锚杆实际工作 系数 计算锚杆支护强度 /V 计算公式为: Ph=r]hnhFr, F2步骤的锚索支
Figure imgf000005_0004
[0021] 根据巷道走向单位长度内锚索的数量 n 确定锚索间排距; F3步骤中若巷道走 向单位长度内锚索的数量 n ^大于巷道走向单位长度内锚杆的数量 n , 则重复步骤 F1。
发明的有益效果
有益效果
[0022] 本发明的有益效果包括: [0023] (1) 本方法通过采用锚杆、 锚索协同变形为依据进行锚杆、 锚索长度确定, 能够使锚杆、 锚索支护性能得到充分发挥, 避免了传统支护设计中因忽视锚杆 、 锚索的最大拉伸量的差异导致的, 锚杆或锚索因拉伸量过大发生一方先破断 引发支护体整体失效的现象, 从而大大降低了因锚杆或锚索一方破断失效诱发 支护体整体失效, 从而造成顶板大面积塌冒事故的概率。
[0024] (2) 锚杆、 锚索支护中两者最大支护能力是按照试验测得顶板下沉量极限值 时的实际受力, 使锚杆、 锚索支护能力得到充分发挥, 解决了锚杆、 锚索支护 设计中锚固力按最大值计算而实际工程中两者不能同时达到的矛盾, 依此获取 的锚杆、 锚索支护参数更为准确。
[0025] (3) 本方法设计获取的锚杆、 锚索长度更加合理, 既避免了锚杆或锚索过长 带来的支护材料浪费, 又防止了锚杆或锚索过短造成顶板潜在坍塌危险。
[0026] 另外本发明还具有计算简便, 操作方便, 适用性强等优点。
对附图的简要说明
附图说明
[0027] 图 1是一种锚杆-锚索协同变形受力的支护方法的流程图;
[0028] 图 2是巷道剖面支护设计图;
[0029] 图 3是巷道顶板支护设计图;
[0030] 图中: 1-链杆; 2 -链索。
发明实施例
本发明的实施方式
[0031] 结合图 1至图 3所示, 本发明提供的一种锚杆 -锚索协同变形受力的支护方法, 具体实施方式如下。 一种锚杆 -锚索协同变形受力的支护方法, 如图 1所示, 步骤 包括:
[0032] 步骤 A.确定巷道围岩破坏范围, 计算巷道围岩所需支护强度; 所述围岩破坏范 围通过理论计算或现场实测的方法获取, 所述支护强度通过理论计算确定;
[0033] 在本步骤中, 巷道围岩破坏范围利用冒落拱理论或弹塑性理论进行计算, 巷道 围岩破坏范围利用钻孔电视探测方法进行测量。 支护强度 利用悬吊理论、 组 合拱理论或加固拱理论进行计算。 [0034] 步骤 B.巷道顶板下沉量预计; 包括根据梁弯曲公式计算最大挠度;
[0035] 在本步骤中的梁弯曲公式为:
Figure imgf000007_0001
[0036] 其中, 实测顶板岩层容重 y, 顶板岩层弹性模量 £, 巷道宽度 L, 顶板岩层厚 度 m 计算巷道顶板下沉量即最大挠度 。
[0037] 步骤 C.初定锚杆和锚索的支护材料, 进行锚杆和锚索性能测试; 包括根据矿井 相邻巷道支护材料预设锚杆锚索的支护材料, 所述锚杆和锚索性能测试包括延 伸率和屈服载荷;
[0038] 锚杆和锚索性能通过室内拉拔试验进行测试, 通过室内拉拔实验得到锚杆和锚 索的延伸量与受力关系曲线。
[0039] 步骤 D.确定锚杆和锚索长度。
[0040] 本步骤包括:
[0041] D1.确定锚杆和锚索自由段长度, 自由段长度根据锚杆-锚索协同变形原理计算
。 其中锚杆自由段最大延伸量 A和锚索自由段最大延伸量 <52相等, 根据自由段 长度、 巷道顶板下沉量和最大延伸量的关系公式:
Figure imgf000007_0002
确 定锚杆和锚索的自由段长度。
[0042] D2.计算锚杆和锚索长度, 锚杆和锚索长度计算具体为: 计算锚杆长度
Figure imgf000007_0003
首 先确定锚杆锚固段长度 L M和锚杆外露段长度 L w, 再根据公式 L h= L 1+ L h0+ L h] 确定。 计算锚索长度 L , 首先确定锚索锚固段长度 和锚索外露段长度 L f;, 再根据公式
Figure imgf000007_0004
其中锚杆锚固段长度取值范围为 0.3~0.5m, 锚杆外露段长度取值范围为 0.1~0.3m; 所述锚索锚固段长度取值范围为
Figure imgf000007_0005
锚索外露段长度取值范围为 0.2~0.3m。
[0043] 步骤 E.锚杆和锚索强度校核, 当不满足强度要求时重复步骤 C。 强度校核包括 最大巷道顶板下沉量条件下的锚杆和锚索受力。
[0044] 本步骤中的锚杆和锚索强度校核包括对比最大巷道顶板下沉量条件下的锚杆受 力 F ;和锚杆屈服载荷 [ F ;]的大小关系, 对比最大巷道顶板下沉量条件下的锚索 受力 和锚索屈服载荷 [ F 2]的大小关系。 [0045] 采用锚杆、 锚索协同变形为依据进行锚杆、 锚索长度确定, 能够使锚杆、 锚索 支护性能得到充分发挥, 避免了传统支护设计中因忽视锚杆、 锚索的最大拉伸 量的差异导致的, 锚杆或锚索因拉伸量过大发生一方先破断引发支护体整体失 效现象。
[0046] 步骤 F.确定锚杆和锚索的间排距。
[0047] 本步骤包括:
[0048] F1.预设锚杆间排距, 计算锚杆支护强度。 其中预设锚杆间排距包括确定巷道 走向单位长度内锚杆的数量 n ,, 根据最大巷道顶板下沉量条件下的锚杆受力 F ; 和锚杆实际工作系数 计算锚杆支护强度 /%, 计算公式为: P b= V hn b F ] ;
[0049] F2.计算锚索所需支护强度, 确定锚索间排距。 其中锚索支护强度 P jf算公式 为: P c= P o- P h; 根据锚索实际工作系数? 和最大巷道顶板下沉量条件下的 锚索受力 F 2 , 计算巷道走向单位长度内锚索的数量 计算公式为: 口
S, =— -—
Figure imgf000008_0001
[0050] 根据巷道走向单位长度内锚索的数量 n 确定锚索间排距。
[0051] F3.链杆、 锚索间排距合理性验证, 若巷道走向单位长度内锚索的数量 大于 巷道走向单位长度内锚杆的数量
Figure imgf000008_0002
重复步骤 F1。
[0052] 锚杆、 锚索支护中两者最大支护能力是按照试验测得顶板下沉量极限值时的实 际受力, 使锚杆、 锚索支护能力得到充分发挥, 解决了锚杆、 锚索支护设计中 锚固力按最大值计算而实际工程中两者不能同时达到的矛盾, 依此获取的锚杆 、 锚索支护参数更为准确。
[0053] 步骤 G.绘制支护设计图, 在巷道内施工锚杆和锚索, 测量锚杆和锚索受力, 监 测顶板离层量, 从而验证支护效果, 保证巷道的支护安全。 其中在巷道断面设 计图的基础上根据步骤 A~F的计算结果绘制支护设计图, 方便设计施工使用。 本 方法设计获取的锚杆、 锚索长度更加合理, 既避免了锚杆或锚索过长带来的支 护材料浪费, 又防止了锚杆或锚索过短造成顶板潜在坍塌危险。
[0054] 实施例 2
[0055] 本实施例结合某矿工程实例, 对本发明提供的一种锚杆-锚索协同变形受力的 支护方法的具体实施方式做进一步的说明。 某矿主采 3-1煤, 煤层厚度平均 3.6m , 煤层层位稳定, 厚度变化不大。 顶板岩层自下向上依次为砂质泥岩平均厚度 约为 1.4m; 细砂岩平均厚度约为 2.8m; 粉砂岩平均厚度约为 7m。 辅助运输平巷 沿底掘进, 断面形状为矩形, 巷道尺寸宽 x高为 4.6x3.6m, 如图 1所示, 采用锚杆 -锚索联合支护设计的具体实施步骤如下。
[0056] 步骤 A.确定巷道围岩破坏范围, 计算巷道围岩所需支护强度。
[0057] 根据现场工程状况, 利用钻孔电视探测方法获得巷道顶板塑性区范围 b具体为 1.
8m。 并依据悬吊理论, 由于锚杆 -锚索须能够承担破坏围岩重量, 确定巷道走向 方向单位长度所需支护强度 P 安全系数 km 顶板岩层容重 y取 25kN/m 3, 塑性区范围 b取 1.8m, 巷道宽为 4.6m, 计算得 /%= ytyW)=3x25x 1.8x4.6=62 lkN。
[0058] 步骤 B.巷道顶板下沉量预计, 根据梁弯曲公式计算最大挠度即巷道顶板的最大 下沉量。
[0059] 实测顶板岩层容重: r为 25kN/m 3, 顶板岩层弹性模量 £ 455MPa, 巷道宽度 L 为 4.6m, 顶板岩层厚度 为 1.8m, 计算巷道顶板下沉量即最大挠度 。
[0060] 本步骤中的梁弯曲公式计算顶板下沉量为:
Figure imgf000009_0001
=0.237m, 得到最大巷道顶板下沉量为 0.237m。
[0061] 步骤 C.初定锚杆和锚索的支护材料, 进行锚杆和锚索性能测试。 结合工程实际 , 根据矿井相邻巷道支护材料预设锚杆锚索的支护材料, 预设顶板锚杆为螺纹 钢链杆, 直径为 20mm。 链索为钢绞线链索, 直径为 17.8mm。 通过链杆和链索拉 拔力实验, 得到所选锚杆和锚索延伸率及屈服载荷, 其中锚杆延伸率 £ 1为18.8%
, 锚杆的屈服载荷 [F jS ^kN; 锚索延伸率 £ 2为6.1%, 锚索的屈服载荷 [F 2 ]S348kN
[0062] 步骤 D.确定锚杆和锚索长度。
[0063] 本步骤包括:
[0064] D1.确定锚杆和锚索自由段长度, 自由段长度根据锚杆-锚索协同变形原理计算 。 其中锚杆自由段最大延伸量 A和锚索自由段最大延伸量 52相等, 根据自由段 长度、 巷道顶板下沉量和最大延伸量的关系公式:
Figure imgf000010_0001
(52= L2x ^2= , 确 定锚杆和锚索的自由段长度, 计算得到锚杆的自由段长度为
Figure imgf000010_0005
=4.31m, 根据实际取自由段长度为 4.4m的锚索。
[0065] D2.计算锚杆和锚索长度, 锚杆和锚索长度计算具体为: 计算锚杆长度
Figure imgf000010_0002
首 先确定锚杆锚固段长度 L M和锚杆外露段长度 L w, 再根据公式 L h= L 1+ L h0+ L h] 确定。 计算锚索长度 L f, 首先确定锚索锚固段长度 和锚索外露段长度 L f;, 再根据公式
Figure imgf000010_0003
结合矿井相邻巷道的支护情况, 计算取锚杆 长度Lb= [i+ Z^bo+ L\,i= 1.4+0.4+0.2=2. Om , 链索长度LC= L2+ LCQ+ LCI
=4.4+1.5+0.3=6.2m。 其中链杆链固段长度取值范围为 0.3~0.5m, 链杆外露段长度 取值范围为 0.1~0.3m; 所述锚索锚固段长度取值范围为
Figure imgf000010_0004
锚索外露段长度 取值范围为 0.2~0.3m。
[0066] 步骤 E.锚杆和锚索强度校核, 当不满足强度要求重复步骤 C。 强度校核包括最 大巷道顶板下沉量条件下的锚杆和锚索受力。
[0067] 本步骤中的锚杆和锚索强度校核包括对比最大巷道顶板下沉量条件下的锚杆受 力 F ;和锚杆屈服载荷 [ F ;]的大小关系, 对比最大巷道顶板下沉量条件下的锚索 受力 2和锚索屈服载荷 [ F 2]的大小关系。 该巷道最大顶板下沉量为 0.237m时锚 杆和锚索拉伸受力大小分别为 115kN和 230kN, 没有超过锚杆和锚索屈服载荷, 此时锚杆和锚索长度合适。
[0068] 采用锚杆、 锚索协同变形为依据进行锚杆、 锚索长度确定, 能够使锚杆、 锚索 支护性能得到充分发挥, 避免了传统支护设计中因忽视锚杆、 锚索的最大拉伸 量的差异导致的, 锚杆或锚索因拉伸量过大发生一方先破断引发支护体整体失 效现象。
[0069] 步骤 F.确定锚杆和锚索的间排距。
[0070] 本步骤包括:
[0071] F1.预设锚杆间排距, 计算锚杆支护强度。 本实施例中根据矿井之前的支护参 数, 预设锚杆间排距为 lmxlm, 预设锚杆间排距包括确定巷道走向单位长度内 锚杆的数量 n ,为5根, 根据最大巷道顶板下沉量条件下的锚杆受力 F ;取115 kN , 锚杆实际工作系数 取 0.7 , 计算锚杆支护强度 /%, 计算公式为: P h= f] hn h F;=0.7x5xl l5=402.5kN, 得到锚杆支护强度 P ,为402.5 kN。
[0072] F2.计算锚索所需支护强度, 确定锚索间排距。 其中锚索支护强度 P jf算公式 为: P = P 0- P ,=621-402.5=218.5kN; 根据锚索实际工作系数? y f、 和最大巷道 顶板下沉量条件下的锚索受力 F 2 , 计算巷道走向单位长度内锚索的数量 , 计 算公式为:
Figure imgf000011_0001
=1.36
[0074] 根据巷道走向单位长度内锚索的数量 n c
, 根据实际取 1.5, 确定链索间排距 1.8mx2.0m。
[0075] F3.锚杆、 锚索间排距合理性验证, 若巷道走向单位长度内锚索的数量 大于 巷道走向单位长度内锚杆的数量 n jw重复步骤 F1 根据上述计算结果, 锚杆间 排距为 lmxlm, 锚索间排距为 1.8mx2.0m, 锚杆间排距小于锚索间排距, 因此设 计的锚杆锚索间排距满足要求, 设计的支护参数合理。
[0076] 锚杆、 锚索支护中两者最大支护能力是按照试验测得顶板下沉量极限值时的实 际受力, 使锚杆、 锚索支护能力得到充分发挥, 解决了锚杆、 锚索支护设计中 锚固力按最大值计算而实际工程中两者不能同时达到的矛盾, 依此获取的锚杆 、 锚索支护参数更为准确。
[0077] 步骤 G.绘制支护设计图。 根据步骤 A~F的计算结果最终巷道顶部支护方案为锚 杆和锚索联合支护, 锚杆采用螺纹钢锚杆, 长度为 2.0m, 直径为 20mm, 根据巷 道断面尺寸 4.6x3.6m, 锚杆间排距为 lmxlm, 矩形布置; 锚索采用高强度地松弛 预应力钢绞线, 长度为 6.2m, 直径为 17.8mm, 锚索间排距为 1.8mx2.0m, 矩形布 置, 绘制支护设计图, 如图 2和图 3所示, 方便施工。
[0078] 该支护设计施工后, 经现场监测表明, 锚杆受力最大达 82kN, 锚索受力最大达 187kN, 顶板离层量 56mm。 支护效果好, 未发生支护体失效和顶板坍塌冒落情 况。 由此说明本方法设计获取的锚杆、 锚索长度更加合理, 既避免了锚杆或锚 索过长带来的支护材料浪费, 又防止了锚杆或锚索过短造成顶板潜在坍塌危险
[0079] 当然, 上述说明并非是对本发明的限制, 本发明也并不仅限于上述举例, 本技 术领域的技术人员在本发明的实质范围内所做出的变化、 改型、 添加或替换, 也应属于本发明的保护范围。

Claims

权利要求书
[权利要求 1] 一种锚杆 -锚索协同变形受力的支护方法, 其特征在于, 步骤包括:
A.确定巷道围岩破坏范围, 计算巷道围岩所需支护强度; 所述围岩破 坏范围通过理论计算或现场实测的方法获取, 所述支护强度通过理论 计算确定;
B.巷道顶板下沉量预计; 包括根据梁弯曲公式计算最大挠度;
C.初定锚杆和锚索的支护材料, 进行锚杆和锚索性能测试; 包括根据 矿井相邻巷道支护材料预设锚杆锚索的支护材料, 所述锚杆和锚索性 能测试包括延伸率和屈服载荷;
D.确定锚杆和锚索长度; 步骤包括: D1.确定锚杆和锚索自由段长度 ; D2.计算锚杆和锚索长度;
E.锚杆和锚索强度校核, 当不满足强度要求时重复步骤 C; 所述强度 校核包括最大巷道顶板下沉量条件下的锚杆和锚索受力;
F.确定锚杆和锚索的间排距; 步骤包括: F1.预设锚杆间排距, 计算 锚杆支护强度; F2.计算锚索所需支护强度, 确定锚索间排距; F3.链 杆、 锚索间排距合理性验证;
G.绘制支护设计图, 巷道内施工锚杆和锚索, 测量锚杆和锚索受力, 监测顶板离层量。
[权利要求 2] 根据权利要求 1所述的一种锚杆 -链索协同变形受力的支护方法, 其特 征在于, 所述步骤 A中的巷道围岩破坏范围利用冒落拱理论或弹塑性 理论进行计算, 巷道围岩破坏范围利用钻孔电视探测方法进行测量; 所述支护强度 利用悬吊理论、 组合拱理论或加固拱理论进行计算
[权利要求 3] 根据权利要求 1所述的一种锚杆 -链索协同变形受力的支护方法, 其特 征在于, 所述步骤 B中的梁弯曲公式为:
Figure imgf000013_0001
实测顶板岩层容重 y, 顶板岩层弹性模量 £, 巷道宽度 L, 顶板岩层 厚度 my 计算巷道顶板下沉量即最大挠度 。
[权利要求 4] 根据权利要求 1所述的一种锚杆 -链索协同变形受力的支护方法, 其特 征在于, 所述步骤 C中所述锚杆和锚索性能通过室内拉拔试验进行测 试, 通过室内拉拔实验得到锚杆和锚索的延伸量与受力关系曲线。
[权利要求 5] 根据权利要求 1所述的一种锚杆 -链索协同变形受力的支护方法, 其特 征在于, 所述步骤 D中, m步骤的自由段长度根据锚杆 -链索协同变 形原理计算, 其中锚杆自由段最大延伸量
Figure imgf000014_0001
自由段最大延伸量
<52相等, 根据自由段长度、 巷道顶板下沉量和最大延伸量的关系公式 : 5[= L[X £1= d2= L2X e2= co , 确定链杆和链索的自由段长度;
D2步骤的锚杆和锚索长度计算具体为: 计算锚杆长度 L,, 首先确定 锚杆锚固段长度 L M和锚杆外露段长度 L w, 再根据公式 Lh=L1+LM + LW确定; 计算锚索长度 Lf, 首先确定锚索锚固段长度 和锚索 外露段长度 L , 再根据公式 LC=L2+Lc0+L 确定。
[权利要求 6] 根据权利要求 5所述的一种锚杆 -链索协同变形受力的支护方法, 其特 征在于, 所述锚杆锚固段长度取值范围为 0.3~0.5m, 锚杆外露段长度 取值范围为 0.1~0.3m; 所述锚索锚固段长度取值范围为
Figure imgf000014_0002
锚索 外露段长度取值范围为 0.2~0.3m。
[权利要求 7] 根据权利要求 1所述的一种锚杆 -链索协同变形受力的支护方法, 其特 征在于, 所述步骤 E中的锚杆和锚索强度校核包括对比最大巷道顶板 下沉量条件下的锚杆受力 F ;和锚杆屈服载荷[ F ;]的大小关系, 对比 最大巷道顶板下沉量条件下的锚索受力 F 2和锚索屈服载荷[ F 2]的大 小关系。
[权利要求 8] 根据权利要求 2所述的一种锚杆 -链索协同变形受力的支护方法, 其特 征在于, 所述步骤 F中,
F1步骤的预设锚杆间排距包括确定巷道走向单位长度内锚杆的数量 n 根据最大巷道顶板下沉量条件下的锚杆受力 F;和锚杆实际工作系 数 ru, 计算锚杆支护强度 /%, 计算公式为: Ph=f]hnhFr, 算公式为: Pc P0 Ph; 根据锚索实际
Figure imgf000015_0001
板下沉量条件下的锚索受力 F2, 计算巷 道走向单位长度内锚索的数量 计算公式为:
Figure imgf000015_0002
根据巷道走向单位长度内锚索的数量 n 确定锚索间排距;
F3步骤中若巷道走向单位长度内锚索的数量 n f大于巷道走向单位长 度内锚杆的数量 重复步骤 F1。
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