Classifications

• • D—TEXTILES; PAPER
  • D02—YARNS; MECHANICAL FINISHING OF YARNS OR ROPES; WARPING OR BEAMING
  • D02G—CRIMPING OR CURLING FIBRES, FILAMENTS, THREADS, OR YARNS; YARNS OR THREADS
  • D02G3/00—Yarns or threads, e.g. fancy yarns; Processes or apparatus for the production thereof, not otherwise provided for
  • D02G3/22—Yarns or threads characterised by constructional features, e.g. blending, filament/fibre
  • D02G3/32—Elastic yarns or threads ; Production of plied or cored yarns, one of which is elastic
  • D02G3/322—Elastic yarns or threads ; Production of plied or cored yarns, one of which is elastic using hollow spindles
• • D—TEXTILES; PAPER
  • D02—YARNS; MECHANICAL FINISHING OF YARNS OR ROPES; WARPING OR BEAMING
  • D02G—CRIMPING OR CURLING FIBRES, FILAMENTS, THREADS, OR YARNS; YARNS OR THREADS
  • D02G1/00—Producing crimped or curled fibres, filaments, yarns, or threads, giving them latent characteristics
  • D02G1/02—Producing crimped or curled fibres, filaments, yarns, or threads, giving them latent characteristics by twisting, fixing the twist and backtwisting, i.e. by imparting false twist
• • D—TEXTILES; PAPER
  • D02—YARNS; MECHANICAL FINISHING OF YARNS OR ROPES; WARPING OR BEAMING
  • D02G—CRIMPING OR CURLING FIBRES, FILAMENTS, THREADS, OR YARNS; YARNS OR THREADS
  • D02G1/00—Producing crimped or curled fibres, filaments, yarns, or threads, giving them latent characteristics
  • D02G1/02—Producing crimped or curled fibres, filaments, yarns, or threads, giving them latent characteristics by twisting, fixing the twist and backtwisting, i.e. by imparting false twist
  • D02G1/0286—Producing crimped or curled fibres, filaments, yarns, or threads, giving them latent characteristics by twisting, fixing the twist and backtwisting, i.e. by imparting false twist characterised by the use of certain filaments, fibres or yarns
  • D02G1/0293—Producing crimped or curled fibres, filaments, yarns, or threads, giving them latent characteristics by twisting, fixing the twist and backtwisting, i.e. by imparting false twist characterised by the use of certain filaments, fibres or yarns composed, at least in part, of natural fibres
• • D—TEXTILES; PAPER
  • D02—YARNS; MECHANICAL FINISHING OF YARNS OR ROPES; WARPING OR BEAMING
  • D02G—CRIMPING OR CURLING FIBRES, FILAMENTS, THREADS, OR YARNS; YARNS OR THREADS
  • D02G3/00—Yarns or threads, e.g. fancy yarns; Processes or apparatus for the production thereof, not otherwise provided for
  • D02G3/22—Yarns or threads characterised by constructional features, e.g. blending, filament/fibre
  • D02G3/26—Yarns or threads characterised by constructional features, e.g. blending, filament/fibre with characteristics dependent on the amount or direction of twist
  • D02G3/28—Doubled, plied, or cabled threads
  • D02G3/286—Doubled, plied, or cabled threads with alternatively "S" and "Z" direction of twist, e.g. Self-twist process
• • D—TEXTILES; PAPER
  • D02—YARNS; MECHANICAL FINISHING OF YARNS OR ROPES; WARPING OR BEAMING
  • D02G—CRIMPING OR CURLING FIBRES, FILAMENTS, THREADS, OR YARNS; YARNS OR THREADS
  • D02G3/00—Yarns or threads, e.g. fancy yarns; Processes or apparatus for the production thereof, not otherwise provided for
  • D02G3/22—Yarns or threads characterised by constructional features, e.g. blending, filament/fibre
  • D02G3/26—Yarns or threads characterised by constructional features, e.g. blending, filament/fibre with characteristics dependent on the amount or direction of twist
  • D02G3/28—Doubled, plied, or cabled threads
  • D02G3/288—Doubled, plied, or cabled threads with same direction of twist, but with an amount of twist varying along the thread
• • D—TEXTILES; PAPER
  • D02—YARNS; MECHANICAL FINISHING OF YARNS OR ROPES; WARPING OR BEAMING
  • D02G—CRIMPING OR CURLING FIBRES, FILAMENTS, THREADS, OR YARNS; YARNS OR THREADS
  • D02G3/00—Yarns or threads, e.g. fancy yarns; Processes or apparatus for the production thereof, not otherwise provided for
  • D02G3/22—Yarns or threads characterised by constructional features, e.g. blending, filament/fibre
  • D02G3/32—Elastic yarns or threads ; Production of plied or cored yarns, one of which is elastic
  • D02G3/328—Elastic yarns or threads ; Production of plied or cored yarns, one of which is elastic containing elastane
• • D—TEXTILES; PAPER
  • D02—YARNS; MECHANICAL FINISHING OF YARNS OR ROPES; WARPING OR BEAMING
  • D02G—CRIMPING OR CURLING FIBRES, FILAMENTS, THREADS, OR YARNS; YARNS OR THREADS
  • D02G3/00—Yarns or threads, e.g. fancy yarns; Processes or apparatus for the production thereof, not otherwise provided for
  • D02G3/22—Yarns or threads characterised by constructional features, e.g. blending, filament/fibre
  • D02G3/36—Cored or coated yarns or threads
• • D—TEXTILES; PAPER
  • D10—INDEXING SCHEME ASSOCIATED WITH SUBLASSES OF SECTION D, RELATING TO TEXTILES
  • D10B—INDEXING SCHEME ASSOCIATED WITH SUBLASSES OF SECTION D, RELATING TO TEXTILES
  • D10B2321/00—Fibres made from polymers obtained by reactions only involving carbon-to-carbon unsaturated bonds
  • D10B2321/02—Fibres made from polymers obtained by reactions only involving carbon-to-carbon unsaturated bonds polyolefins

Definitions

• the present invention relates to a method for making cotton- based elasticised yarns, and also relates to environment-friendly elasticised fabrics made therefrom.
• Elasticised fabrics are used in a wide range of applications.
• elasticised fabrics are used to manufacture garments that do not hinder the movements of the user’s limbs, or conform themselves to these movements, which generates a comfort sensation to the user. This feature is particularly appreciated in underwear clothing or in sport and gym clothes, but is also useful in everyday-life situations such as sitting in a car, walking, and whenever the joints are bent.
• Elasticised fabrics are also advantageously used to make tight coverings for rounded objects, e.g. sofa and armchairs coverings.
• an elasticised fabrics depend on the high elasticity of the elasticised yarns used for their manufacture.
• US 2,992,150, US 3,380,244, EP 2 145 034 and EP 2 638 192 describe elasticised ring-spun yarns, or the like, in which an elastic filament is surrounded by a fibrous sheath comprising a mass of synthetic or natural staple fibres. In a few cases, cotton fibres are used.
• denim-type elasticised fabrics have been known and appreciated for some years. By these fabrics, the above-mentioned advantages of elasticised fabrics could be extended to jeans garments. For example, EP 2 145 034 and EP 2 638 192 relate to these fabrics.
• the elastic threads conventionally used to make elasticised yarns are made of synthetic materials, in particular the above- mentioned patent literature relates to polyurethane or polyolefin elastic materials. Therefore, the articles comprising fabrics made from cotton and elastic thread cannot be easily disposed, in particular they cannot be disposed by composting. Moreover, the synthetic elastic thread can be allergenic to some skin-sensitive people wearing garments manufactured from fabrics containing them.
• an alternative to synthetic elastic threads could be the use of natural rubber elastic threads.
• natural rubber threads have a linear mass density too high to be used to make elasticised yarns by currently-preferred spinning techniques, such as ring-spinning or open-end spinning, since the commercially available equipment can only accept very thin elastic thread.
• the present invention aims at providing a method for making an elasticised yarn from an elastic fibre and a cotton-based yarn in which a natural rubber fibre can be used as the elastic fibre, said natural rubber fibre having a metric count as commercially available, thus overcoming the above mentioned limitations of the conventional spinning methods.
• a method for making an elastic core yarn comprises the steps of:
• an elastic core comprising an elastic fibre made of a natural rubber, i.e. a rubber fibre obtained by extruding a natural latex containing more than 80% of cis-1 ,4-polyisoprene, wherein the elastic fibre has a linear mass density set between 200 dtex and 1000 dtex;
• the covering yarn has a linear mass density set between 6 Nm and 100 Nm
• said covering yarn twisted with an initial twist direction selected between“Z” and“S”;
• step of conveying is carried out in such a way that the covering yarn laterally attains a proximity of the elastic core in a wrapping space;
• conveying speeds are selected in such a way that, in the step of helically wrapping: — the covering yarn becomes twisted with a final twist direction opposite to the initial twist direction, i.e. selected between “S” and “Z”, respectively;
• the elasticized yarn according to the invention in which elasticity is provided by a natural rubber thread having a linear mass density as high as currently available in the trade, is an elastic core yarn, and not a yarn obtained by such spinning techniques as ring-spinning or open-end spinning, as suggested by the cited prior art.
• the invention as disclosed above, solves some typical issues that could otherwise be involved in the manufacture of elastic core yarns, as explained below.
• the covering yarn as prearranged can initially be Z-twisted, which is the commercially most available twist direction.
• the wrapping step is carried out in such a way that, while forming coils about the elastic core, the covering yarn is counter-twisted, i.e. it is twisted in the direction opposite to the initial twist direction, decreasing at first the number of Z-twists to zero and then creating a predetermined number of S-twists per length unit of the elastic core yarn.
• the initial or first twist direction is“Z”
• the last or second twist direction is “S”.
• the covering yarn can initially be S-twisted, and the wrapping step is carried out in such a way that, while forming coils about the elastic core, the covering yarn is counter-twisted, at first decreasing the number of S-twists to zero and then creating a predetermined number of Z-twists per length unit of the elastic core yarn.
• the initial i.e. the first twist direction is“S”
• the last i.e. the second twist direction is“Z”.
• the covering yarn loses at first the twists in the initial twist direction, for example Z-twists, and then receives twists in the opposite direction, in this example, S-twists.
• the wrapping step were carried out by increasing the number of twists in the initial twist direction, the covering yarn would soon become too“tight”, and would be likely to break before an appropriate, desired number of coils is wrapped about the elastic core.
• the method according to the invention makes it possible to form a larger number of coils per length unit of the elastic core yarn, without dangerously approaching or reaching a critical stability limit of the covering yarn, and preventing any risk of breaking the elastic core yarn, due to an excessive torsion level.
• the covering yarn after losing the twists in the initial twist direction and before receiving any twists in the final twist direction, crosses a zero-torsion condition, in which the discontinuous cotton fibres, and possible fibres of a different material, have a small or even no cohesion.
• the cohesion between the fibres and therefore the strength of the articles made of discontinuous fibres is mainly ensured by twisting such fibres together so as to obtain a yarn.
• a possible disgregation of the covering yarn while being wrapped about the elastic core could be an issue.
• the protection of the wrapping space provided by the container limits or substantially suppresses the friction of the covering yarn with air, thus averting the risk of disgregating the covering yarn when it crosses the above-mentioned zero-torsion condition.
• an elastic natural rubber thread having a linear mass density as currently available in the market i.e. normally higher than 200-500 dtex.
• elastic core yarns can be therefore obtained that are suitable for making elasticised fabrics which advantageously contain natural rubber instead of synthetic elastic threads besides cotton: therefore, these elasticised fabrics only contain environment-friendly materials, in particular, compostable materials. Accordingly, articles can be obtained that can be turned into compost, at the end of their useful life, or in any case they can be degraded naturally.
• Such elasticised fabrics are particularly well-suited for skin-sensitive people, in comparison with synthetic polymer fibres, from which denim-type elasticised fabrics are usually manufactured.
• the metric count Nm is an indirect measure of textile linear density (of the reciprocal thereof), and is defined as the number of kilometres corresponding to 1 Kg of a yarn or filament. In other words, the metric count is expressed in Km/Kg.
• An alternative textile linear density unit is tex, which is, inversely, the mass expressed in grams corresponding to 1 Km of a yarn or filament, or a submultiple thereof, such as dtex (0.1 tex).
• the number of twists per metre means the number of twists that can be directly counted as the number of inverse torsions that are required for completely removing the twists on a predetermined length of a twisted yarn that has been arranged between two fixed points at a predetermined initial tensile stretch.
• the predetermined length and the initial tensile stretch are selected according to ISO 2061.
• the predetermined minimum value To for each linear mass density value Nm indicated in a respective line of table 1 is a value written in the same line, and in the column headed“To” of this table and, for values of said linear mass density Nm intermediate between values indicated in respective contiguous lines of the table, the minimum value To is obtained by linearly interpolating the To values written in the same adjacent lines of table 1 and in the column headed“To”.
• the predetermined maximum value T-i for each linear mass density value Nm indicated in a respective line of table 1 , is a value written in the same line, and in the column headed“TT’ of the table and, for values of said linear mass density Nm intermediate between values indicated in respective contiguous lines of the table, the maximum value Ti is obtained by linearly interpolating the values Ti written in the same adjacent lines of table 1 and in the column headed“Ti”.
• K is a number set between 75 and 290, which substantially correspond to said minimum and maximum values To and T 1 of said number of wrapped coils, respectively.
• K is set between 90 and 250, more preferably, between 120 and 220.
• the number T of coils per length unit is set between a central reference value T2 minus 10% and the same central reference value T 2 plus 10%, wherein the central reference value T2 is given in table 2 for some metric count values Nm, and is obtained by linearly interpolating the contiguous T2 values for intermediate metric counts.
• the covering yarn can be a single-ply yarn, a double-ply yarn and a yarn having more than two plies.
• the step of conveying the elastic core and the covering yarn up to the collecting spool comprises:
• the step of prearranging the source of the elastic core comprises the steps of prearranging a first spool of the elastic fibre, while the step of prearranging a covering yarn provides a step of mounting a second spool of covering yarn coaxially to the hollow cylindrical body.
• the step of conveying comprises a step of stretching and unwinding the elastic fibre from the first spool, at a predetermined unwinding speed equal to said conveying speed.
• the step of conveying also comprises a step of stretching the elastic core outside of the orifice, with the covering yarn wrapped about the elastic core, and a step of collecting the elastic core yarn on a third collecting spool, at a stretching/collecting speed selected in such a way to obtain a predetermined stretching ratio of the elastic fibre. In particular, this stretching ratio is set between 2 and 6.
• the method can be actuated on a hollow spindle twisting machine, for instance, a Hamel-type machine allowing a protected balloon configuration, i.e. one in which the elastic core and the covering yarn are enclosed within a container when meeting to form the elastic core yarn.
• a hollow spindle twisting machine for instance, a Hamel-type machine allowing a protected balloon configuration, i.e. one in which the elastic core and the covering yarn are enclosed within a container when meeting to form the elastic core yarn.
• the source of the elastic core can be a spool comprising a central hub having a rub radius and end flanges having a flange radius, the spool rotatably arranged about an own first axis, and the step of conveying the elastic core comprises a step of unwinding the elastic core from the spool.
• an intermediate balancing cylinder has a predetermined diameter longer than the flange radius shortened by the hub radius and a fixed own second axis parallel to the first axis is arranged between the spool and a motion distribution shaft parallel to the first and to the second axes, at contact with both the spool and the motion distribution shaft.
• the elastic fibre also comprises the following components:
• a vulcanisation agent wherein the vulcanisation agent is sulphur at a weight concentration in the natural rubber set between 0.5% and 3.0%;
• the elastic fibre is obtained from a longitudinally cut flat yarn of the natural rubber, so as to obtain the elastic fibre in the form of an elastic filament having said linear mass density.
• the elastic core comprises a complementary thread arranged along the elastic fibre.
• the step of prearranging a source of an elastic core comprises a step of prearranging a fourth spool of the complementary thread, and the step of conveying the elastic core involves the complementary thread along with the elastic fibre, from the respective first and fourth spool, wherein a friction wheel is provided to which the elastic fibre and the complementary thread converge, before being conveyed together to the wrapping space.
• the complementary thread is made of a biodegradable material that can be selected, for instance, from the group consisting of: wool, silk, cotton, flax, hemp, jute, sisal, raffia and ramie.
• the complementary thread can be a discontinuous thread or a continuous thread. In the latter case, it can be arranged parallel to the elastic fibre, or can be interconnected to it, i.e. connection points can be provided between the complementary thread and the elastic fibre at predetermined distance from one another, or can be wrapped about the elastic fibre, for instance, forming a covering about it.
• the continuous complementary thread can be a single-filament continuous thread or a multiple-filament continuous thread, in which case the filaments can be flat or textured.
• the complementary thread has a metric count set between 22 dtex and 150 dtex.
• Fig. 1 diagrammatically shows a step of helically wrapping the covering yarn about the elastic core comprising an elastic fibre to obtain an elasticized yarn in the form of an elastic core yarn;
• Fig. 2 diagrammatically shows a device for carrying out the step of helically wrapping the covering yarn about the elastic core, in an exemplary embodiment
• Figs. 3 and 4 are diagrammatical side views of an unwinding unit for unwinding the elastic fibre of a twisting element, the unwinding unit comprising an intermediate balancing cylinder;
• Fig. 5 shows the unwinding unit Figs. 3 and 4 in three different instants of the unwinding step, i.e. at the beginning (a), at the end (c) and in an intermediate instant (b) of the unwinding step;
• Fig. 6 is a diagram showing how the minimum, maximum, reference number of coils depend on the metric count of the covering yarn;
• Fig. 7 diagrammatically shows a step of helically wrapping the covering yarn about an elastic core comprising a complementary thread in addition to the elastic fibre;
• Fig. 8 diagrammatically shows a device for carrying out the step of helically wrapping the covering yarn about the elastic core of Fig. 7.
• a method for making an elastic core yarn 50, wherein an elastic core 30 is coated by a covering yarn 40 helically arranged about elastic core 30.
• the method provides a step of prearranging elastic core 30, which comprises an elastic fibre 10 made of natural rubber, and typically having a linear mass density set between 200 dtex and 1000 dtex.
• the method also comprises a step of prearranging a cotton-based covering yarn 40 that has a metric count Nm and is twisted with a predetermined initial twist direction, which can be“Z” or“S”, and typically“Z”, as normally available in the trade.
• Elastic core yarn 50 is obtained by a step of covering by helically wrapping covering yarn 40 about elastic core 30.
• steps are provided of conveying elastic core 30 and covering yarn 40 at respective speeds vi and V2, to a wrapping space 35, where covering yarn 40 laterally i.e. tangentially attains elastic core 30, covering yarn 40 at a predetermined angle a with respect to elastic core 30 when attaining the latter, so as to form a substantially helical covering about elastic core 30.
• Wrapping space 35 is a normally closed space, as shown in Fig. 2, so that covering yarn 40 is turned from a substantially linear arrangement, when entering into wrapping space 35, to a helically wrapped arrangement, in a reduced-turbulence environment, in order to limit the friction of elastic core 30, of covering yarn 40 and of yarn 50 with air, during the wrapping step.
• the steps of conveying elastic core 30 and covering yarn 40 are controlled by a speed V3 at which elastic core yarn 50 is collected on a collecting spool 70.
• covering yarn 40 and elastic fibre 10 are withdrawn from respective sources, which can be such storage devices as spools 41 , 51.
• the step of conveying elastic core 30 towards wrapping space 35 is carried out through a central longitudinal through cavity 63 of a first cylindrical body 61 arranged to quickly rotate, at a predetermined rotation speed, about its own axis 63’, then elastic core 30 is conveyed along a substantially linear path.
• the step of conveying covering yarn 40 is carried out along an outer surface 62 of first cylinder 61 , preferably along a guide element arranged thereon, not shown.
• first cylindrical body 61 is housed integrally and coaxially within a second hollow cylinder 64, creating a conveying unit 60.
• Spool 41 of covering yarn 40 is integrally arranged within second cylindrical body 64, such that the step of conveying covering yarn 40 takes place in a gap 65 between spool 41 and the outer surface of first cylindrical body 61.
• wrapping space 35 is defined between an outlet end 69 of first cylindrical body 61 , at which elastic core 30 is delivered, and an orifice 66 that is preferably arranged along axis 63’, from which elastic core yarn 50 is released in a stretched condition, to be in turn conveyed to collecting spool 70.
• the covering of wrapping space 35 is made by a preferably axisymmetric wall 67’ converging from an inner surface of second hollow cylindrical body 64 to orifice 66, thus creating a container 67, of which orifice 66 is an outlet passageway for elastic core yarn 50 formed within wrapping space 35.
• Conveying speeds vi and V2 (Fig. 1 ) of elastic core 30 and covering yarn 40, respectively, as well as the rotation speed of conveying unit 60, are selected in such a way that, in the step to helically wrapping covering yarn 40 about elastic core 30, covering yarn 40 changes its own twist direction, for instance from“Z” to“S”, and in other words becomes twisted with a final twist direction opposite to an initial twist direction, turning from a Z-twisted covering yarn 40Z into an S-twisted covering yarn 40S .
• speeds vi and V2 are selected in such a way that a number T of coils set between a predetermined minimum value To and a predetermined maximum value Ti is wrapped about each length unit of newly- manufactured elastic core yarn 50, maximum and minimum values To,Ti depending on metric count Nm of covering yarn 40.
• Source 51 of elastic core 30 can be a spool 51 of elastic fibre 10 rotatably arranged about its own axis 52 and comprises a central hub 53 and end flanges 54 of radius R, at end portions of central hub 53 of radius r, as shown in Fig. 4.
• Spool 51 is moved by a motion distribution shaft 58, i.e. a cylinder 58 that is rotatably arranged about an own rotation axis 59 throughout an array of of aligned twisting units of a twisting machine.
• rotation axis 59 of motion distribution shaft 58 is parallel to (common) rotation axis 52 of (each) spool 51 , and motion distribution shaft 58 is arranged in contact with the free surface of unwinding elastic fibre 10, as also shown in Fig. 2, in order to cause spool 51 to rotate at a prefixed rotation speed.
• an intermediate balancing cylinder 56 is arranged between motion distribution shaft 58 and spools 51 of elastic fibre 10 of the twisting units, with its own axis 57 parallel to axis 52 of spools 51 and axis 59 of motion distribution shaft 58. More in detail, intermediate balancing cylinder 56 is freely rotatably arranged in contact with the surface of motion distribution shaft 58, on one side, and in contact with the surface of spool 51 , on another opposite side, i.e. it is arranged in contact with the free surface of unwinding elastic fibre 10. Cylinder radius P of intermediate balancing cylinder 56 is longer than flange radius R, shortened by hub radius r, i.e. the relationship
• Axis 52 of spool 51 is slidingly arranged along a guide 55 integral to the spinning machine. This way, as the unwinding step progresses, the amount of elastic fibre 10 on spool 51 decreases, and therefore axis 52 along with spool 51 progressively approach intermediate balancing cylinder 56 and therefore approach motion distribution shaft 58, as shown in Fig. 5.
• the relative approach movement of spool 51 and intermediate balancing cylinder 56 is possible due to gravity acting on spool 51.
• a spring means not shown, can be advantageously provided for progressively recalling spool 51 to motion distribution shaft 58 as the step of unwinding elastic fibre 10 progresses.
• the material of the covering yarn is a cotton-based material based on cotton, in particular it contains at least 50% cotton.
• this material can be a material normally used for making a denim fabric.
• the cotton-based covering yarn can be a single-ply yarn, a double-ply yarn or even a yarn having more than two plies.
• Fig. 6 is a diagram showing the predetermined minimum value To of number T of coils to be wrapped about a length unit of elastic core yarn 50 being manufactured, for each linear mass density value Nm of covering yarn 40, in the form of a curve 81.
• Curve 81 is obtained by interpolating the values of the middle column of table 1.
• the diagram of Fig. 6 also shows a curve 82 indicating, for each linear mass density value Nm of covering yarn 40, a maximum number Ti of coils that can be wrapped without losing the elastic properties of elastic core yarn 50, as experience has shown. Curve 82 is obtained by interpolating the values of the right column of table 1. [0055]
• the number T of coils per length unit of elastic core yarn 50, for each value Nm of metric count of covering yarn 40 is provided by the equation:
• K K Nm 0 ⁇ 425 ; where K is a number set between 75 and 290, these values substantially corresponding to curves 83 and 84 of the diagram of Fig. 6. More in particular, K can be set between 90 and 250, more in particular, between 120 and 220.
• FIG. 6 also shows a band 85 corresponding to preferred values T of number of coils per length unit, set between ⁇ 10% a central reference value T2 that is obtained by interpolating the values of table 2, corresponding to curve 86.
• elastic core 30 can also comprise a complementary thread 20 arranged along elastic fibre 10.
• the step of prearranging elastic core 30 provides steps of prearranging a fourth spool, not shown, of complementary thread 20, and the step of conveying the elastic core involves, besides elastic fibre 10, also complementary thread 20.
• a friction wheel 15 can also be provided to which elastic fibre 10 and complementary thread 20 converge, before being conveyed together into central longitudinal through cavity 63, through an inlet opening 68 thereof, of first cylindrical hollow object 61.
• complementary thread 20 is made of a biodegradable or compostable material that can be, for instance, wool, silk, cotton, flax, hemp, jute, sisal, raffia, ramie.
• Complementary thread 20 can be a discontinuous or continuous filament, in the latter case it can be a single-filament continuous thread or a multiple-filament continuous thread.
• the filament or the filaments thereof can be flat or textured filaments.
• Fig. 7 only shows a substantially parallel arrangement, in which complementary thread 20 and elastic fibre 10 are parallel to each other.
• the invention is not limited by this exemplary embodiment, since different arrangements between complementary thread 20 and elastic fibre 10 are possible, such as a wrapped arrangement, in which complementary thread 20 forms a covering about elastic fibre 10, as well as an interconnected arrangement, in which connection point are provided between complementary thread 20 and elastic fibre 10, at predetermined distance from each other.

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• Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
• Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
• Textile Engineering (AREA)
• Yarns And Mechanical Finishing Of Yarns Or Ropes (AREA)
• Woven Fabrics (AREA)
• Spinning Or Twisting Of Yarns (AREA)

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