WO2020083928A1

WO2020083928A1 - Safety glazing

Info

Publication number: WO2020083928A1
Application number: PCT/EP2019/078754
Authority: WO
Inventors: Thomas Lescot; Louis DELLIEU; Bertrand MATHY
Original assignee: Agc Glass Europe
Priority date: 2018-10-23
Filing date: 2019-10-22
Publication date: 2020-04-30
Also published as: EA202191080A1; EP3870441A1; US20210381808A1; EP3870441B1; PL3870441T3; US11781838B2

Abstract

The invention concerns a fireproof/bullet-proof safety glazing comprising a laminated assembly I of glass sheets, the laminate I, the glass sheets of which are assembled by means of thermoplastic interlayer sheets of type PVB, EVA, PU, ionomers, polymers of cyclo-olefins, and by means of n layers of intumescent material made from hydrated alkali silicate, with 1 ≤ n ≤3; comprising a fireproof module comprising the n layers of intumescent material made of hydrated alkali silicate and n+1 glass sheets, said module being flanked on either side by at least one interlayer thermoplastic sheet and at least one glass sheet, and not comprising organic glass sheets made from polymer material of type polycarbonate, poly(methyl methacrylate), material that is rigid at ambient temperature; the laminate I being optionally associated either with a glass sheet or with a second laminated assembly II comprising glass sheets assembled by means of thermoplastic interlayer sheets of type PVB, EVA, PU, ionomers, polymers of cyclo-olefins, a space being maintained between the laminate I and either the glass sheet or the laminate II, the glazing comprising at least six glass sheets.

Description

Safety glass

The invention relates to glazings which simultaneously exhibit properties of resistance to bullet impacts, to explosions or to break-in on the one hand, and to fire on the other hand, the two being able to intervene independently, simultaneously or successively. In the following, to avoid repetition, these glazings will be designated as bulletproof.

In practice, products intended for protection against impacts consist of a multiplicity of sheets intended to absorb the energy of the projectiles. The sheets are bonded to each other by an adhesive, which can be made of thermoplastic sheets.

Most often the glazings in question are made of glass sheets, but in general, materials qualified as organic glasses, because offering a transparency similar to that of mineral glasses, complete the sets and give them great resistance. These rigid materials at room temperature are for example polycarbonates, poly (methyl methacrylates) or the like and are usually arranged in plates of a certain thickness. The materials in question do not normally constitute a way of fixing the glass sheets to one another. In laminated assemblies, their adhesion to glass sheets requires the use of specific adhesives. The association of “mineral” glass sheets and of “organic” glass sheets moreover poses in particular problems linked to the differences in coefficient of thermal expansion, in particular when the glazings are subjected to significant variations such as those of the exposed glazings. in front of buildings. These differences tend to favor the delamination of these assemblies. These materials, apart from their lower brittleness at break in comparison with glass sheets, have the particularity of a density much lower than that of glass, but this weight gain has for counterpart a very higher cost. Glazing of this type are for example described in publication EP2439066, a publication which describes the products offered as also resistant to fire. The presence of these organic glasses in significant quantity is however not desirable because of their fire behavior, they, by charring, giving off harmful fumes. Similar publications are for example WO2018 / 015066 or DE202010008729U. Furthermore, the materials in question do not have stable optical properties over time. For many they tend to yellow and their transparency changes.

Other publications offer glazing without these organic glasses to avoid the drawbacks indicated above. To improve the fire behavior of these "bulletproof" laminates, the glass sheets are assembled using specific adhesives which, although organic, are non-flammable or sufficiently fire-resistant. The publication EP2090427 is in this sense.

It is finally proposed to form glazings of this type, which in addition, offer a high resistance to fire. In general, glazings offering a high fire resistance consist of sets of fire-fighting units or modules made up of three sheets of glass joined by means of two intumescent layers, several modules (2 or 3) being associated by means of thermoplastic sheets. These glazings, mainly designed for their fire-resistant property, by the multiplicity of assembled glass sheets incidentally offer mechanical properties which allow them to play the role of bullet-proof, or burglar-proof. A difficulty for this type of glazing is linked to the large number of intumescent / fire-resistant layers, which leads to "adding up" the optical defects potentially encountered in each of the intumescent layers, leading to significant rejection rates during their production.

The inventors have sought means to simultaneously meet fire protection requirements for glazing which is first intended to ensure good mechanical resistance, and more particularly resistance of the anti-ball type, and which does not require not the presence in quantity of organic glasses of polycarbonate type or the like, and offering great transparency.

At the same time, the inventors sought to produce the glazing in question by using as much as possible of the elements already available to facilitate their production and reduce their cost. The inventors have also made sure to propose assemblies which can be used for the various needs encountered, whether they are glazings located inside buildings, doors, partitions, or located on the facade of buildings, in particular glazing. insulators, while endeavoring to limit the thickness of these glazings and their weight.

Advantageously and unexpectedly, applicants have now discovered that it is possible to achieve this objective by producing a glazing according to the present invention.

The present fire / bullet proof security glazing comprises a laminated assembly of glass sheets I, the laminated I,

- whose glass sheets are assembled by means of thermoplastic interlayer sheets of PVB, EVA, PU type, ionomers, cyclo-olefin polymers, and by means of n layers of intumescent material based on hydrated alkali silicate, with 1 £ n £ 3, - comprising a fire-retardant module comprising said n layers of intumescent material based on hydrated alkali silicate and n + i glass sheets, said module being flanked on either side by at least one thermoplastic interlayer sheet and at least minus a sheet of glass, and

- not comprising an organic glass sheet based on polymer material of polycarbonate type, polymethyl methacrylate, rigid material at room temperature,

the laminated I being optionally associated either with a glass sheet or with a second laminated assembly II consisting of glass sheets assembled by means of thermoplastic interleaves of PVB, EVA, PU type, ionomers, cycloolefin polymers, a space being held between laminate I and either the glass sheet or laminate II,

the glazing comprising at least 6 sheets of glass.

Different embodiments of the present glazing are illustrated in Figures 1 to 8.

FIGURES

Figure i: a glazing according to the invention is composed of 7 sheets of glass with thicknesses of 4, 12, 3, 8, 3, 10 and 6 mm, starting from the leading face on the far left of the Figure 1, with the fire protection module comprising 2 intumescent layers (1) and 3 glass sheets, flanked, on either side, of 2 glass sheets and 2 thermoplastic sheets (2), for a total thickness of 52 mm.

Figure 2: a glazing according to Figure 1 is associated with a 6 mm glass sheet through a space (3) of 9 mm between the components, for a total thickness of 67 mm; the 6 mm glass sheet making up the leading face.

Figure 3: a glazing according to the invention is composed of 7 sheets of glass with thicknesses of 4, 12, 8, 3, 12, 12 and 4 mm, starting from the leading face on the far left of the Figure 3, with the fire protection module comprising 1 intumescent layer (1) and 2 sheets of glass, flanked, on the one hand (on the side of the leading face) of 2 sheets of glass and 2 thermoplastic sheets (2 ), and on the other hand (on the side of the protective face) of 3 glass sheets and 3 thermoplastic sheets, for a total thickness of 61 mm.

Figure 4: glazing according to Figure 3 is associated with a 6 mm glass sheet through a space (3) of 9 mm between the components, for a total thickness of 76 mm; the 6 mm glass sheet making up the leading face.

Figure 5: a glazing according to the invention is composed of 9 glass sheets with thicknesses of 4, 12, 3, 8, 3, 12, 12, 12 and 4 mm, starting from the leading face to the far left of Figure 5, with the fire protection module comprising 2 intumescent layers (1) and 3 sheets of glass, flanked on the one hand (on the side of the leading face) by 2 sheets of glass and 2 sheets thermoplastics (2) and on the other hand (on the side of the protective face) 4 glass sheets and 4 thermoplastic sheets, for a total thickness of 78 mm.

Figure 6: glazing according to Figure 5 is associated with a 6 mm glass sheet through a space (3) of 9 mm between the components, for a total thickness of 93 mm; the 6 mm glass sheet making up the leading face.

Figure 7: a glazing according to the invention is composed of 7 sheets of glass with thicknesses of 4, 12, 3, 8, 3, 12 and 4 mm, starting from the leading face on the far left of the Figure 1, with the anti-module fire comprising 2 intumescent layers (1) and 3 glass sheets, flanked on either side by 2 glass sheets and 2 thermoplastic sheets (2), for a total thickness of 54 mm.

Figure 8: glazing according to Figure 7 is associated with a 6 mm glass sheet through a space (3) of 9 mm between the components, for a total thickness of 69 mm; the 6 mm glass sheet making up the leading face.

The fire protection module is therefore an assembly having a fire protection function comprising n layers of intumescent material based on hydrated alkali silicate and n + 1 glass sheets, with 1 £ n £ 3.

Laminate I is made up of an assembly of glass sheets assembled by thermoplastic interlayer sheets, into which the fire-resistant module is inserted, by at least one thermoplastic interlayer sheet and at least one glass sheet on both sides. other of its structure. It follows that at least one glass sheet and one thermoplastic interlayer sheet are found on either side of the fire module, in laminate I.

In the context of the invention in its entirety, in the absence of a glass sheet and of a second laminated assembly II, the claimed glazing consists only of laminated I, comprising at least 6 sheets of glass.

The properties of resistance to bullet impacts, to explosions or to break-in are conferred by the claimed glazing, to which are added the properties of resistance to fire conferred by the fire-retardant module integrated within laminate I, in said glazing.

The leading face is here defined as the first sheet of glass on the side liable to be impacted; the protective face is defined here as the last sheet of glass starting from the side likely to be impacted, the protective face is typically the first sheet of glass oriented towards the protected side of the glazing.

The present glazing is assembled so that the fire-retardant module does not constitute the attack face of the bullet-proof glazing, liable to be exposed to impacts. The present glazing is assembled so that the fire-fighting module does not constitute the protective face either (face opposite to the leading face). The leading face and the protective face are located on either side of the fire module, separated from the latter by at least one thermoplastic interlayer sheet.

Without wishing to limit the present invention to any theory, it would seem that the arrangement of the fire module within the glazing allows the fire module to partially dissipate and partially absorb the energy produced following the impact on the face of attack through the rest of the glazing. On the attack face, the glass sheets constituting the fire-fighting module would be liable to break, during one or more impacts, having the harmful consequences of generating glass debris and thus of deteriorating the anti-bullet function, and / or deteriorate the fire function. In the face of protection, the rigidity, and therefore the lack of deformation capacity, of the fire module could harm the function of protection and shock absorption following the impact.

By virtue of its arrangement within the glazing, and separated from the attack and protection faces by at least one thermoplastic interlayer sheet and at least one sheet of glass, the fire protection module is protected by at least one first sheet of glass. In a situation of multiple impacts, the leading face, susceptible to breakage, will maintain its structure thanks to the first thermoplastic interlayer sheet. Behind this leading face and said thermoplastic interlayer sheet, the fire protection module could also be damaged. In the event that the outer sheet of the fire module, behind the at least the first sheet of glass on the leading face would break, the presence of the first thermoplastic interlayer sheet would prevent it from collapsing. The fire-fighting module, whatever damaged, could therefore maintain its fire-fighting function and also, advantageously, participate in the dissipation of energy following the impact, or other successive impacts. It is thus advisable to place the fire-fighting module within the glazing so that it participates in the dissipation of the shock following the impact, and maintains its fire-fighting function.

In practice, the glazings according to the invention do not include organic glasses, rigid materials, such as the polycarbonates used previously.

The impact resistance of the present glazing results essentially from the assembly of glass sheets, which are associated with each other by means of, on the one hand, conventional thermoplastic sheets for the formation of laminates such as PVB sheets, EVA, PU, ionomers, cycloolefin polymers or the like, and secondly by means of one or more layers of intumescent material based on hydrated alkali silicate. This set is designated in the following as "laminated I".

Optionally to constitute insulating glazing, this assembly can also be associated in a known manner with a glass sheet or with another laminated assembly, designated "laminated II", by leaving a space between these components.

For glazing intended to protect against the impact of projectiles, the importance of total thickness of glass is a preponderant factor to oppose the kinetic energy of the projectile at the point of impact. The number of sheets in the assembly is therefore an important factor. For their part, the intermediate sheets favor absorption of deformations of successive glass sheets from the face exposed to impact.

According to the invention, to meet the most limited requirements in terms of impact resistance, the glazing units comprise at least six sheets of glass.

Preferably, depending on the performance required, the total thickness of the glass sheets of the glazing is not less than 35 mm and particularly preferably not less than 40 mm.

Furthermore, preferably, to fully play its role and in particular to add a certain "inertia" to the assembly and contribute to mechanical absorption, each glass sheet has a thickness of at least 2.5 mm and of preferably at least 3 mm.

The resistance of the sheets to impacts, or even to thermal shock, does not increase in proportion to their individual thickness. The rupture initiated in a glass sheet propagates according to the constraints specific to these sheets. It should be noted that organic glasses are much less sensitive to the propagation of cracks which initiate ruptures. Overall, it may be preferable, for the same overall thickness, to use several sheets instead of just one. For this reason, in the glazings according to the invention, the glass sheets preferably have a thickness which is not more than 16 mm, and preferably not more than 14 mm.

In glazing comprising in addition to laminated I a sheet of glass, this preferably has a thickness of 5 to 16 mm, and comprising a laminated II, this preferably comprises at most 6 sheets of glass of thickness 3 to 16 mm.

The space maintained between the laminate I and the glass sheet or the laminate II is preferably 6 to 14 mm. Advantageously, one or more glass sheets of the present glazing is / are reinforced mechanically by a thermal or chemical treatment (tempering, hardening). When such sheets are used, they are preferably arranged on the faces opposite to those exposed to possible impacts, therefore the protective faces. Such sheets have the distinction of better resisting the stress of deformation before, if necessary, breaking into multiple pieces of small dimensions. The presence of sheets treated in this way has the counterpart of limiting the possibility of cutting the glazing, requiring that they are, of origin, brought to the required dimensions.

The resistance increases with the number of leaves. However, this number and the thickness of the sheets are limited in practice for reasons of space, weight and cost of producing the glazing. For these reasons, the total number of laminated glass sheets I is preferably at most 12, and particularly preferably at most equal to 10. Likewise, the total number of glass sheets of the complete glazing, including the separate sheets of laminated I, is preferably at most equal to 14. The total thickness of the glass sheets preferably is not more than 150 mm. and particularly preferably not more than 110 mm.

The material of the glass sheets is most usually a glass of the silica-soda-lime type for cost reasons, but it can also be glass of the alumino-slicate or boro-silicate type, glasses known to present a more refractory character.

The silico-soda-lime glasses can also correspond to the so-called “extra-clear” qualities, glasses whose iron content is minimal and, consequently, of low coloring. This property is all the more interesting as the thickness of the glazing has tendency to accentuate the green tint. The use of extra-clear glasses is nevertheless more expensive.

The most effective fire-resistant glazing is traditionally made up of a laminated assembly associating sheets of glass and, separating them, layers of materials which react when exposed to heat, to form a screen both to flame , smoke but also thermal radiation. Materials based on hydrated alkaline silicates, chosen in particular to offer, under well-defined conditions, transparency to the rays in the visible range which sometimes make them qualify as "water glass", contribute to mechanical properties in a limited way. In particular, they do not offer significant plasticity to the glazing in question.

In practice, the assembly consisting of an intumescent layer with the two glass sheets situated on either side thereof, behaves mechanically in the laminated glazing more or less as if the intumescent layer replaced a glass sheet monolithic of equivalent thickness, even better. As such, this "sheet" obviously participates in the desired mechanical properties.

Moreover, it was found that, during a drop test of a steel ball of 0.510 kg and 5 cm in diameter, a sheet of glass, of dimensions 30 by 30 cm and 15 mm in diameter. thickness, breaks when the ball falls from a height of 1.5 m, while a fire-resistant module, dimensions 30 by 30 cm, composed of 3 sheets of glass of 3, 8 and 3 mm and 2 intumescent layers having each a thickness of 1.5 mm, breaks when the ball falls from a height of 3.5 m. The fire-resistant module, by its complete structure, therefore contributes to the energy dissipation properties of the glazing as a whole. From experience, the inventors have found that the assemblies consisting of glass sheets assembled by means of thermoplastic sheets such as PVB, EVA, PU, ionomers or polymers of cyclo-olefins, already have significant fire resistance properties. If the material of the thermoplastic sheets carbonizes at high temperature, the multiplicity of the sheets of the assembly leads to progressive destruction, sheet after sheet of the assembly, progression which considerably slows down the complete destruction of the glazing, even in the absence of intumescent layer.

For this reason, in assemblies according to the invention comprising a multiplicity of glass sheets, a fire-retardant module comprising a single intumescent layer, of usual thickness, for example 1.5 to 3 mm, makes it possible, where appropriate, to meet undemanding and satisfactory fire resistance conditions. The layers in question may also have significantly greater thicknesses, for example up to 10 mm. The nature of the alkali silicate chosen, and in particular the molar ratio Si0 ₂ / M ₂ 0 (M being an alkali), and the water content, in known manner, moreover make it possible to increase the quality of fire resistance.

However, according to the invention, the preferred modules comprise more than one intumescent layer of thickness at least equal to the values indicated above (1.5-3 mm). The most common combinations include two or three intumescent layers, and most commonly two layers. Preferably, these 2 layers are located on either side of the same glass sheet. This glass sheet / layer / glass sheet / layer / glass sheet structure, present within laminate I, in the glazings preferred according to the invention, offers the advantage of retaining the sheets after the first intumescent layer has is expanded and detaches from the glass sheet most exposed, which has already broken, adding to the resistance time of the assembly. This structure is moreover that of widely used fire-resistant glazing. The use of what then constitutes a traditional fire protection module in the glazing according to the invention is all the more economical.

The possible use of more than three intumescent layers would lead to increasing complexity, necessarily entailing additional costs. Preferably limit the number of layers to one or two, apart from the fact indicated above that this number of intumescent layers makes it possible to achieve the most useful fire performance for these double-function glazing (fire / fire protection). bullet), this choice reduces the rate of products rejected for defects. Indeed, if the laminated assemblies made up only of glass sheets associated by means of thermoplastic sheets traditionally have few optical defects, the intumescent layers are known to very often have a haze or bubbles, the latter acceptable only within dimensional limits very small. The multiplication of intumescent layers necessarily increases the total quantity of defects and, consequently, the rate of rejects. This rate is all the more prohibitive since the usual assembly techniques (autoclaving in particular) are likely to increase the number of these defects.

The presence of 1 to 3 intumescent layers within the glazing, combined with the multiplicity of glass sheets, gives the glazings according to the invention at least the basic fire-fighting properties, namely those classified El 30. But the performances can be very superior depending on the complexity of the glazing formed, in particular EW60, and / or El 60. In the classifications of glazing, El designates those which obstruct flames and smoke and constitute thermal conduction insulation; EW designating those which obstruct flames and fumes and the transmission of heat by radiation. The number indicates in minutes the resistance time in the tests carried out. The test conditions follow the protocol of standards EN1363 and EN1364.

The quality and production of intumescent layers based on hydrated alkaline silicates has been the subject of numerous previous publications. See for example EP1855878, EP1960317, EP1993828, EP2361223, EP2480041. The fire resistance properties of intumescent materials lead to prefer products with strong refractory characteristics, even if the mechanical characteristics are also slightly modified. These products are those whose molar ratio Si0 ₂ / M ₂ 0, M being an alkali, is relatively high, for example of the order of 3 to 7, and particularly of 3.4 to 5.5.

In addition to the molar ratio, the water content of the silicates plays a role in their fire behavior. Depending on the production techniques, the water content is between 20% and 45% by weight of the material. Preferably, "dried" intumescent layers are used in which the water content is not more than 30% by weight.

The intumescent layers may also contain additives which modify certain properties. This is particularly the case for polyols, ethylene glycol or glycerin, which give these solid layers a certain "plasticity". These polyols are advantageously in an amount less than 20%, and preferably less than 17%, by weight of the intumescent material. The multiplicity of glass sheets (at least 6) in the glazing leads to the necessary presence of thermoplastic sheets. These are preferably at least three in number. The role of the thermoplastic sheets, as indicated above, is mainly the assembly of the glass sheets into a "laminated" structure. In this role, these leaves can be relatively thin. In traditional glazing consisting of laminated sheets, the thermoplastic sheets have a thickness greater than 0.30 mm. Usual commercial thicknesses for PVB sheets are 0.38 and 0.76 mm. These same sheets, if necessary, can be superimposed to lead to much greater thicknesses. Their association is facilitated by the fact that they can adhere to each other, to form a compact and homogeneous whole.

Laminate I is constructed so as not to require a spacer. In fact, the laminate I is free of spacer, and the sheets constituting said laminate I are held together either by a thermoplastic sheet, or, for the sheets of the fire-resistant module, by means of an intumescent layer.

Thermoplastic sheets of PVB, EVA, PU, ionomers, or polymers of cycloolefins, unlike organic glasses made of rigid plastics, polycarbonates, polymethacrylates or the like, retain a certain plasticity at room temperature. They are not "brittle". This feature adds to impact resistance, absorbing some of the corresponding energy. Their presence in the laminated panes of glazing according to the invention nevertheless remains essentially linked to their role as an adhesive.

In certain circumstances, the presence of at least one thermoplastic sheet on each external glass sheet of the module anti-fire advantageously provides UV protection on either side of the fire module.

For the reasons indicated above, the presence of organic materials, sensitive to temperatures corresponding to exposure to fire, does not contribute to the fire-fighting properties of the glazings according to the invention. It is therefore preferable to keep the quantity of these materials limited. For this reason, thin sheets are the most common, and the overall mass of organic material does not constitute more than 1/10 of the mass of the glazing, and preferably not more than 1/20.

Depending on the conditions of use, it is possible to include in the glazing one or more thermoplastic sheets up to 5 mm thick. However in these structures, the sheet or sheets of thick thermoplastic material are preferably arranged in the structure so that they are not in the immediate vicinity of the face of the glazing likely to be exposed to fire. Preferably, the thick sheet is separated from this face by at least two sheets of glass.

In certain circumstances, the fire protection module can prove to be an asset for the aesthetic rendering of the glazing due to its possible composition in extra-clear glass, providing the same mechanical properties or better, than a thicker sheet of glass (for example 15 to 18 mm), with, in addition, a less greenish appearance.

According to the first and second alternative modes of the following invention, the fire module can be flanked on the one hand by at least one thermoplastic interlayer sheet and by at least one glass sheet, and on the other hand by at least 2 thermoplastic interlayer sheets and at least 2 sheets of glass. According to the first alternative embodiment of the invention, an anti-fire / anti-bullet safety glazing may comprise a laminated assembly of glass sheets I, the laminated I,

- whose glass sheets are assembled by means of thermoplastic interlayer sheets of PVB, EVA, PU type, ionomers, cyclo-olefin polymers, and by means of n layers of intumescent material based on hydrated alkali silicate, with 1 <n <3,

- comprising a fire-resistant module comprising said n layers of intumescent material based on hydrated alkaline silicate and n + i glass sheets, said module being flanked, independently of the side considered for attack or protection, on the one hand at least one thermoplastic interlayer sheet and at least one glass sheet, and on the other hand at least 2 thermoplastic interlayer sheets and at least 2 glass sheets, and

- not comprising an organic glass sheet based on a polycarbonate type polymer material, poly (methyl methacrylate), rigid material at room temperature; the laminate I being optionally associated either with a glass sheet, or with a second laminated assembly II consisting of glass sheets assembled by means of thermoplastic interlayer sheets of PVB, EVA, PU, ionomer, cycloolefin polymers, a space being held between the laminate I and either the glass sheet or the laminate P,

the glazing comprising at least 6 sheets of glass.

According to this first alternative mode, the asymmetry can be independent of the side considered, therefore on the leading face or protective side. According to the second alternative embodiment of the invention, a fire / bulletproof security glazing may comprise a laminated assembly of glass sheets I, the laminated I,

- comprising a fire-resistant module comprising said n layers of intumescent material based on hydrated alkaline silicate and n + i glass sheets, said module being flanked, on the side of the leading face, with at least one thermoplastic interlayer sheet and at least one sheet of glass, and on the side of the protective face of at least 2 thermoplastic interlayer sheets and at least 2 sheets of glass, and

the glazing comprising at least 6 sheets of glass.

According to this second alternative mode, in the event of asymmetry in the number of glass sheets and interlayer sheets on each side of the fire module, it is recommended to make the fire module closer to the face d attack only from the protective face, therefore more distant from said protective face. In this configuration, the fire protection module can fully contribute to the dissipation of impact energy through the rest of the glazing, towards the protective face, and maintain its fire protection function.

For example, according to the first embodiment of the invention, mention may be made, in a non-exhaustive manner, of the following laminated structures I, (where V = glass sheet; T = sheet

thermoplastic interlayer and I = intumescent layer),

- at least 6 sheets of glass and an intumescent layer:

o V-T-V-T-V-I-V-T-V-T-V

o V-T-V-I-V-T-V-T-V-T-V

o V-T-V-T-V-T-V-I-V-T-V

- at least 6 sheets of glass and 2 intumescent layers:

o V-T-V-I-V-I-V-T-V-T-V

o V-T-V-T-V-I-V-I-V-T-V

- at least 6 sheets of glass and ₃ intumescent layers:

o V-T-V-I-V-I-V-I-V-T-V

- at least ₇ glass sheets and 2 intumescent layers:

o V-T-V-T-V-I-V-I-V-T-V-T-V

o V-T-V-I-V-I-V-T-V-T-V-T-V

o V-T-V-T-V-T-V-I-V-I-V-T-V

- at least 8 sheets of glass and ₃ intumescent layers:

o V-T-V-I-V-I-V-I-V-T-V-T-V-T-V

o V-T-V-T-V-I-V-I-V-I-V-T-V-T-V

o V-T-V-T-V-T-V-I-V-I-V-I-V-T-V.

Structures according to the second alternative embodiment of the present invention include, among others, the following structures:

- at least 6 sheets of glass and an intumescent layer:

o VTVIVTVTVTV - at least 6 sheets of glass and 2 intumescent layers:

o V-T-V-I-V-I-V-T-V-T-V

- at least 7 sheets of glass and 2 intumescent layers:

o V-T-V-I-V-I-V-T-V-T-V-T-V

- at least 8 sheets of glass and 3 intumescent layers:

o V-T-V-I-V-I-V-I-V-T-V-T-V-T-V.

Other glass sheets and thermoplastic sheets can be added on either side and / or other of the structures described above, depending on the protection expected, without departing from the principle of the present invention described above.

A glass sheet, or a second laminated assembly II consisting of glass sheets assembled by means of thermoplastic interlayer sheets of PVB, EVA, PU type, ionomers, cycloolefin polymers, can be added with one or more the other part of the laminated structures I described above, a space being maintained between the laminated I and either the glass sheet or the laminated II. For example,

o V-space-V-T-V-I-V-I-V-T-V-T-V

o V-space-V-T-V-I-V-I-V-T-V-T-V-T-V

o V-space-V-T-V-I-V-I-V-I-V-T-V-T-V-T-V

or

o V-T-V-I-V-I-V-T-V-T-V-T-V-space-V

o V-T-V-T-V-I-V-I-V-I-V-T-V-T-V-space-V,

or

o II-space-V-T-V-I-V-I-V-T-V-T-V-T-V

o II-space-V-T-V-T-V-I-V-I-V-I-V-T-V-T-V,

or

o V-T-V-I-V-I-V-T-V-T-V-space-II

o VTVIVIVTVTVTV-space-II _O VTVIVIVIVTVTVTV-space-II,

or any other possible combination according to the present invention.

In the following, the invention is illustrated by several examples.

EXAMPLES

Examples 1 to 18: The glazing structures are indicated as follows. The glass sheets are shown by the number corresponding to their thickness in millimeters. The intumescent layers of hydrated sodium silicate have a constant thickness of 2 mm and are represented by "/". The interlayer sheets are of PVB and each have a thickness of 0.76 mm. They are each represented by ":". When several interlayer sheets are superimposed there are as many ":" as there are sheets. The configuration is described so that the leading face is the first sheet on the far left of the glazing, and that the impact is propagated in the glazing, in the direction of reading the description (from left to right).

The table also provides the total thickness of the glazing in millimeters and its weight per unit of 1m ² . The mass ratio of PVB to the total weight of the glazing is also indicated.

The “bullet-proof” quality of the glazing - BR (bullet resistance) - is evaluated according to standard EN 1063. The BR rating is given for a given weapon and projectile, according to the absence of a perforating hole in the structure after impact on the attack face. The notation NS (no splinters) corresponds to an anti-burst quality, and indicates a bullet-proof protective glass “without splinters” on the opposite side during the impact of a projectile. The impact of the projectile is not followed by the projection of glass shards from the protective face, opposite to that receiving this impact. The notation S (splinters) indicates a bulletproof glass “with splinters” of glass on the opposite side of the impact of a projectile. The impact of the projectile is followed by the projection of glass shards from the protective face, opposite to that receiving said impact. The “anti-bullet” quality of the glazing for the examples of the invention 1 to 12, 17 and 18 is of type BR NS, while the quality of examples 13 to 16 is of type S.

Each proposed glazing assembly has two modes:

- one intended for indoor use which only includes the laminated block I,

- one for outdoor use forming insulation by adding a glass sheet II 6 mm thick 9 mm apart from laminated block I.

The attached figures schematically represent (without respecting the proportions of the different dimensions) the examples 1, 2, 7, 8, 9, 10, 15, 16 of the preceding table.

As described above, the figures show the composition of the various components of the glazing. The thicknesses of the glass sheets are indicated opposite them. The space between laminate I and the glass sheet or laminate II is inscribed in this space which is in known manner filled with air or inert gas such as argon. The dimensions are all expressed in millimeters.

Only the intumescent layers 1, the thermoplastic sheets 2 and the spaces 3 are referenced. The glass sheets are not except for the indication of their thickness. In these figures, the total thickness of the glazing is also indicated under the corresponding figure, in mm.

Each odd figure corresponds to a glazing unit comprising only the laminated block I. In the even figures, an additional sheet is added to constitute a “double” insulating glazing unit.

Figures 7 and 8 (Examples 15 and 16) have a single intumescent layer while all others have two intumescent layers. The fire resistance performance for a single layer nevertheless remains satisfactory, the overall structure of the laminate contributing to these performances.

Figures 7 and 8 (examples 15 and 16 of the table) include an assembly of 4 thermoplastic sheets.

The number of glass sheets varies in these figures from 7 for Figures 1, 3 and 7 (Examples 1, 7, 15) to 10 for Figure 6 (Example 10). Similarly, the examples show great diversity of total thickness of glass sheets, like those of complete glazing. Thus the thickness of the glazing varies from 52 mm for Figure 1 (example 1) to 93 mm for Figure 6 (example 10).

The glazings according to the invention therefore comprise the fire-resistant module composed of 1 to 3 intumescent layer (s), inserted within a bullet-proof glazing, and flanked on either side by at least a thermoplastic interlayer sheet and at least one glass sheet. In this configuration, the leading face and the protective face are arranged on either side of said fire module, each separated from the latter by at least one sheet of thermoplastic.

In the possible glazing configurations according to the invention, the fire protection module can thus be flanked on either side by at least 2 sheets of glass and 2 sheets of thermoplastic. According to other possible configurations, the fire module can thus be flanked, independently of the side considered for attack or protection, on the one hand at least 2 sheets of glass and 2 sheets of thermoplastic, and on the other hand from at least 3 sheets of glass and 3 sheets of thermoplastic.

Due to its layout within the bulletproof module, the fireproof module is not likely to be damaged by an impact, and is therefore not likely to break and lose its fireproof function. This arrangement within the bulletproof module also allows the fireproof module to dissipate the energy produced following the impact on the attack face.

Claims

1. Fireproof / bulletproof security glazing comprising a laminated assembly of glass sheets I, laminated I,

- whose glass sheets are assembled by means of thermoplastic interlayer sheets of PVB, EVA, PU type, ionomers, cyclo-olefin polymers, and by means of n layers of intumescent material based on hydrated alkali silicate, with 1 <n <3;

- comprising a fire-retardant module comprising said n layers of intumescent material based on hydrated alkali silicate and n + i glass sheets, said module being flanked on either side by at least one thermoplastic interlayer sheet and at least minus a sheet of glass, and

- not comprising an organic glass sheet based on a polycarbonate type polymer material, poly (methyl methacrylate), rigid material at room temperature; the laminate I being optionally associated either with a glass sheet, or with a second laminated assembly II consisting of glass sheets assembled by means of thermoplastic interlayer sheets of PVB, EVA, PU, ionomer, cycloolefin polymers, a space being held between laminate I and either the glass sheet or laminate II,

the glazing comprising at least 6 sheets of glass.

2. Glazing according to claim 1 in which the fire protection module is flanked on the one hand by at least one thermoplastic interlayer sheet and by at least one glass sheet, and on the other hand by at least 2 interlayer sheets thermoplastics and at least 2 sheets of glass.

3. Glazing according to one of the preceding claims, in which the total thickness of the glass sheets is not less than 35 mm and preferably not less than 40 mm and / or is not more than 150 mm and preferably not more than 110 mm.

4. Glazing according to claim 1, in which each of the at least 6 sheets of glass has a thickness of at least 2.5 mm, and preferably at least 3 mm and at most 16 mm.

5. Glazing according to one of the preceding claims in which the laminate I comprises two intumescent layers located on either side of the same sheet of glass.

6. Glazing according to one of the preceding claims in which the laminate I comprises at least 3 thermoplastic interlayer sheets, these sheets distinct from each other.

7. Glazing according to claim 6 wherein each of the thermoplastic sheets has a thickness of at least 0.30 mm.

8. Glazing according to claim 6 wherein the laminate I comprises at most 7 thermoplastic interlayer sheets.

9. Glazing according to one of the preceding claims in which the intermediate sheets, possibly with the exception of at most 2 of them, have a thickness of at most 3 mm.

10. Glazing according to claim 9 comprising one or two interlayer sheets each of thickness greater than 3 mm and less than 8 mm, and preferably less than 6 mm.

11. Glazing according to one of the preceding claims, in which the mass of all the interlayer sheets is at most 1/10 of the mass of the glazing, and preferably at most 1/20.

12. Glazing according to one of the preceding claims comprising one or more sheets of heat or chemically treated glass.

13. Glazing according to claim 12 in which the treated glass sheet or sheets are arranged on the face of the glazing not exposed to impact.

14. Glazing according to claim 1 or 2, wherein the laminate I is associated with a glass sheet or laminate II, the space maintained between the glass sheet or laminate II being 6 to 14 mm.

15. Glazing according to claim 14 wherein the laminated I is associated

- a sheet of glass with a thickness of 5 to 16 mm, or

- to a laminated II comprising at most 6 glass sheets each of a thickness between 3 and 16 mm.