EA043457B1 - SAFETY GLAZING - Google Patents

Description

The invention relates to types of glazing that simultaneously exhibit properties of resistance to bullet impact, explosions or penetration, on the one hand, and fire, on the other hand, both of which properties can occur independently, simultaneously or sequentially. In the following text, to avoid repetition, these types of glazing will be called bulletproof.

In practice, impact protection products are made from multiple sheets designed to absorb projectile energy. The sheets are joined together using an adhesive, which may consist of thermoplastic sheets.

Typically the types of glazing considered are made from sheets of glass, but generally the materials are known as plexiglass because they provide clarity similar to that of mineral glasses, complement assemblies, and give them a high level of resistance. These materials, which are rigid at ambient temperatures, are, for example, polycarbonates, polymethyl methacrylates, etc., and are usually placed in sheets of a certain thickness. The materials in question usually do not provide a method for fastening the sheets of glass together. In multilayer assemblies, gluing them to sheets of glass requires the use of special adhesives. In addition, the combination of mineral glass sheets and organic glass sheets creates, in particular, problems associated with differences in the coefficient of thermal expansion, in particular when the glazings are subject to significant changes, for example in the case of open types of glazing on building facades. These differences lead to stratification of these assemblies. These materials, in addition to their lower resistance to breakage compared to glass sheets, have the special feature that the density is much lower than glass, but this weight saving is offset by a much higher cost. Glazings of this type are described, for example, in publication EP2439066, and in this publication the proposed products are also called fire-resistant. However, the presence of these organic glasses in significant quantities is undesirable due to their behavior in relation to fire, since when burned they release harmful fumes. Similar publications are, for example, WO2018/015066 or DE202010008729U. In addition, the materials in question do not have optical properties that remain stable over time. Many of them turn yellow and their transparency changes.

Other publications suggest glazing without these organic glasses to avoid the above disadvantages. To improve the fire behavior of these bulletproof laminates, the glass sheets are assembled using special adhesives that, although organic, are heat resistant or reasonably fire resistant. Publication EP2090427 is devoted specifically to this issue.

Finally, proposals were made for the production of this type of glazing, which, in addition, exhibits increased fire resistance. Typically, types of glazing that exhibit increased fire resistance are made from assemblies of fire-resistant blocks or modules made of three sheets of glass connected through two intumescent layers, with several modules (2 or 3) connected through thermoplastic sheets. These types of glazing, which are designed in principle based on the principle of their fire resistance properties, due to the multiple glass sheets assembled, also exhibit mechanical properties that allow them to perform a bulletproof or anti-intrusion role. One difficulty with this type of glazing is the large number of intumescent/fire resistant layers, which results in the summation of optical defects potentially found in each of the intumescent layers, resulting in high scrap rates during its production.

The inventors of the present invention have sought to provide a means for simultaneously meeting the fire protection requirements of glazing types which are primarily designed to provide good mechanical strength and, more particularly, bulletproof type strength, and which do not require large amounts of polycarbonate type organic glass. or the like, and which exhibit a high level of transparency.

At the same time, the authors of the present invention sought to produce the glazings in question using, to the greatest extent possible, elements already available in order to simplify their production and reduce their cost. Thus, the present inventors have proposed assemblies that can be used for a variety of requirements encountered, whether glazing types located inside buildings, doors, partitions or located on building facades, in particular insulating types of glazing, while seeking to limit the thickness of these types of glazing and their weight.

Advantageously and surprisingly, applicants have now discovered that this object can be achieved by producing glazing according to the present invention.

The present fire-resistant/bullet-resistant safety glazing comprises a laminated glass sheet assembly I, that is, a laminated material I whose glass sheets are assembled by thermoplastic interlayer sheets made from thermoplastics such as PVB, EVA, PU, ionomers, cycloolefin polymers, and by n layers intumescent material based

- 1 043457 hydrated alkali metal silicate, where 1<n<3, which contains a fire-resistant module containing said n layers of intumescent material based on hydrated alkali metal silicate and n+1 sheets of glass, wherein said module is coated on both sides with at least one a sheet of thermoplastic intermediate layer and at least one sheet of glass, and which does not contain a sheet of organic glass based on a polymeric material such as polycarbonate, polymethyl methacrylate, that is, a material that is rigid at ambient temperature, wherein the multilayer material I is optionally associated with either the glass sheet , or with a second laminated assembly II made of sheets of glass assembled by means of thermoplastic intermediate layer sheets made of thermoplastics such as PVB, EVA, PU, ionomers, cycloolefin polymers, wherein between the laminated material I and either the glass sheet or the laminated Material II preserves space, and the glazing contains at least 6 sheets of glass. Various embodiments of the present glazing are shown in FIG. 1-8.

Figures

In fig. 1 shows the glazing according to the present invention, made from 7 sheets of glass with thicknesses of 4, 12, 3, 8, 3, 10 and 6 mm, starting from the front surface at the extreme left of FIG. 1, with a fire-resistant module containing 2 intumescent layers (1) and 3 sheets of glass, covered on both sides with 2 sheets of glass and 2 thermoplastic sheets (2), with a total thickness of 52 mm.

In fig. 2 shows the glazing in accordance with FIG. 1, connected to a sheet of glass with a thickness of 6 mm through a space (3) of 9 mm between the components for a total thickness of 67 mm; a sheet of glass with a thickness of 6 mm forms the front surface.

In fig. 3 shows the glazing according to the present invention, made from 7 sheets of glass with thicknesses of 4, 12, 8, 3, 12, 12 and 4 mm, starting from the front surface at the extreme left of FIG. 3, with a fire-resistant module containing 1 intumescent layer (1) and 2 sheets of glass, surrounded on one side (front surface side) by 2 glass sheets and 2 thermoplastic sheets (2) and on the other side (protective surface side) by 3 sheets glass and 3 thermoplastic sheets, with a total thickness of 61 mm.

In fig. 4 shows the glazing in accordance with FIG. 3, connected to a sheet of glass with a thickness of 6 mm through a space (3) of 9 mm between the components for a total thickness of 76 mm; a sheet of glass with a thickness of 6 mm forms the front surface.

In fig. 5 shows glazing according to the present invention, made from 9 sheets of glass with thicknesses of 4, 12, 3, 8, 3, 12, 12, 12 and 4 mm, starting from the front surface at the extreme left of FIG. 5, with a fire-resistant module containing 2 intumescent layers (1) and 3 sheets of glass, covered on one side (front surface side) with 2 glass sheets and 2 thermoplastic sheets (2) and on the other side (protective surface side) with 4 sheets glass and 4 thermoplastic sheets, with a total thickness of 78 mm.

In fig. 6 shows the glazing in accordance with FIG. 5, connected to a sheet of glass with a thickness of 6 mm through a space (3) of 9 mm between the components for a total thickness of 93 mm; a sheet of glass with a thickness of 6 mm forms the front surface.

In fig. 7 shows the glazing according to the present invention, made from 7 sheets of glass with thicknesses of 4, 12, 3, 8, 3, 12 and 4 mm, starting from the front surface at the extreme left of FIG. 1, with a fire-resistant module containing 2 intumescent layers (1) and 3 sheets of glass, covered on both sides with 2 sheets of glass and 2 thermoplastic sheets (2), with a total thickness of 54 mm.

In fig. 8 shows the glazing in accordance with FIG. 7, connected to a sheet of glass with a thickness of 6 mm through a space (3) of 9 mm between the components for a total thickness of 69 mm; a sheet of glass with a thickness of 6 mm forms the front surface.

Therefore, a fire-resistant module is an assembly that performs a fire-resistant function, containing n layers of intumescent material based on hydrated alkali metal silicate and n+1 sheets of glass, where 1<n<3.

Laminate I is made of an assembly of glass sheets assembled from thermoplastic intermediate layer sheets into which a fire-resistant module of at least one thermoplastic intermediate layer sheet and at least one glass sheet is inserted on both sides of its structure. As a result, at least one sheet of glass and one sheet of thermoplastic intermediate layer are located on both sides of the fire-resistant module in the laminate I.

Within the scope of the present invention as a whole, in the absence of a sheet of glass and a second laminated assembly II, the inventive glazing is made of only a laminated material I containing at least 6 sheets of glass.

The properties of resistance to bullet impact, explosions or penetration are provided by the stated glazing, and to these are added the fire resistance properties provided by the fire-resistant module embedded in the laminated material I, in the specified glazing.

The front surface is defined here as the first sheet of glass on the side with the largest

- 2 043457 likely to be subject to impact; The protective surface is defined here as the last sheet of glass, starting from the side most likely to be impacted, with the protective surface typically being the first sheet of glass oriented towards the protected side of the glazing.

True glazing is assembled in such a way that the fire-resistant module does not form the front surface of the bullet-resistant glazing, which is more likely to be subject to impact. Real glazing is assembled in such a way that the fire-resistant module also does not form a protective surface (the surface on the opposite side to the front surface). The front surface and the protective surface are located on both sides of the fire-resistant module, separated from the latter by at least one sheet of thermoplastic intermediate layer.

Without wishing to limit the present invention to any one theory, it may be that the distribution of the fire resistant module within the glazing allows the fire resistant module to partially dissipate and partially absorb the energy resulting from the impact with the front surface through the remainder of the glazing. On the front surface, the sheets of glass forming the fire-resistant module are more likely to break during one or more impacts, resulting in the detrimental effect of glass fragments and thus deterioration of the bulletproof function and/or deterioration of the fire-resistant function. On the protective surface, the rigidity and therefore lack of deformability of the fire-retardant module can adversely affect the protection and load absorption function after impact.

Due to its location within the glazing and being separated from the front and protective surfaces by at least one sheet of thermoplastic interlayer and at least one sheet of glass, the fire-resistant module is protected by at least one first sheet of glass. In a multi-impact situation, the front surface, which is more likely to be broken, will retain its structure thanks to the first sheet of thermoplastic interlayer. Behind this front surface and said thermoplastic interlayer sheet, the fireproof module itself could also be damaged. If the outer sheet of the fire-resistant module behind at least the first sheet of front surface glass were to break, the presence of the first sheet of thermoplastic interlayer would prevent it from collapsing. The fire-resistant module, although damaged, can therefore retain its fire-resistant function and also preferably participate in energy dissipation after impact or other successive impacts. Therefore, it is recommended to place the fire-resistant module inside the glazing so that it participates in dissipating the load after an impact and maintains its fire-resistant function.

In practice, the types of glazing according to the present invention do not contain organic glass, rigid materials such as polycarbonates used previously.

The impact resistance of present glazing mainly results from the assembly of sheets of glass that are bonded to each other through, on the one hand, conventional thermoplastic sheets to form multilayer materials such as sheets of PVB, EVA, PU, ionomers, cycloolefin polymers or the like, and, on the other hand, by means of one or more layers of intumescent material based on hydrated alkali metal silicate. This assembly is referred to as laminate I in the following text.

Optionally, to form glazing types, this assembly can also be connected in a known manner to a sheet of glass or other multi-layer assembly, called laminate II, due to the space provided between these components.

For types of glazing designed to protect against projectile impact, the importance of overall glass thickness is a major factor in counteracting the kinetic energy of the projectile at the point of impact. Therefore, the number of sheets in the assembly is an important factor. In turn, the intermediate layer sheets help absorb the deformation of successive sheets of glass after the impact surface.

According to the present invention, in order to satisfy the most limited requirements regarding impact resistance, the glazing types contain at least six sheets of glass.

Preferably, depending on the required operational aspects, the total thickness of the glazing glass sheets is at least 35 mm and particularly preferably at least 40 mm.

Furthermore, preferably each sheet of glass has a thickness of at least 2.5 mm and preferably at least 3 mm in order to fully perform its role and, in particular, to add some inertia to the assembly and promote mechanical absorption.

The sheets' resistance to impact or even thermal stress does not increase in proportion to their individual thickness. A fracture initiated in a sheet of glass propagates depending on the stresses inherent in those sheets. It should be noted that organic glasses are much less sensitive to the propagation of cracks causing rupture. In general, for the same overall thickness, it may be preferable to use several sheets rather than one. For this reason, in the types of glazing according to the present invention, the glass sheets preferably have a thickness of no more than 16 mm, and preferably no more than 14 mm.

- 3 043457

In glazing types containing, in addition to laminated material I, a sheet of glass, the latter preferably has a thickness of from 5 to 16 mm, and in glazing types containing laminated material II, the latter preferably contains no more than 6 sheets of glass with a thickness of 3 to 16 mm.

The space maintained between the laminate I and the glass sheet or laminate II is preferably 6 to 14 mm.

Advantageously, one or more sheets of glass in true glazing are mechanically strengthened through thermal or chemical treatment (tempering, curing). When such sheets are used, they are preferably placed on surfaces opposite to the surfaces subject to possible impact, and therefore to the protective surfaces. A feature of such sheets is better resistance to deformation stress before, depending on the situation, breaking into a large number of small fragments. The presence of sheets processed in this way is compensated by the limited ability to cut glazing types, which means that the latter must be made according to the required dimensions from the very beginning.

Resistance increases with the number of sheets. However, in practice, this number and thickness of sheets are limited due to their bulkiness, weight and cost of glazing production. For these reasons, the total number of glass sheets in the laminate I is preferably a maximum of 12, and particularly preferably a maximum of 10. Likewise, the total number of glass sheets in the entire glazing, including sheets separated from the laminate I, is preferably a maximum of 14. The total thickness of the sheets glass is preferably no more than 150 mm and particularly preferably no more than 110 mm.

The glass sheet material is most often soda-lime-silicate type glass for cost reasons, but it can also be aluminosilicate or borosilicate type glass, which are known to be more refractory in nature.

Soda-lime-silicate glasses can also achieve a quality known as super-clear, such glasses being those in which the iron content is minimal and therefore little color is present. This property is all the more advantageous given that the thickness of the glazing tends to express a green tint. However, using ultra-clear glass is more expensive.

Fire-resistant glazing that performs best is traditionally made from a sandwich assembly consisting of sheets of glass with layers of materials sandwiched between them that react when exposed to heat to form a shield not only from flames and fumes, but also from thermal radiation. Materials based on hydrated alkali metal silicates, which are selected in particular to provide, under well-defined conditions, transparency to radiation in the visible range, with the result that they are sometimes called liquid glass, make a limited contribution to mechanical properties. In particular, they do not impart significant plasticity to the types of glazing under consideration.

In practice, an assembly made of an intumescent layer with two sheets of glass on either side behaves mechanically in laminated glazing approximately as if the intumescent layer were replacing a monolithic sheet of glass of equivalent thickness, or even better. In this respect, this sheet obviously contributes to achieving the desired mechanical properties.

Moreover, it was found that in a drop test using a steel ball weighing 0.510 kg and 5 cm in diameter, a sheet of glass measuring 30 by 30 cm and 15 mm thick breaks when the ball is dropped from a height of 1.5 m, while fire-resistant a module with dimensions of 30 by 30 cm, made of 3 sheets of glass 3, 8 and 3 mm and 2 intumescent layers each 1.5 mm thick, breaks when the ball falls from a height of 3.5 m. The module is therefore fire-resistant due to its entire its design contributes to the energy dissipation properties of the glazing as a whole.

Through experiments, the present inventors have discovered that assemblies made from sheets of glass assembled by means of thermoplastic sheets made from thermoplastics such as PVB, EVA, PU, ionomers or cycloolefin polymers already have significant fire resistance properties. While thermoplastic sheet material burns at high temperatures, the large number of sheets in the assembly causes the assembly to gradually collapse sheet by sheet, a progression that significantly slows the complete failure of the glazing even in the absence of an intumescent layer.

For this reason, in assemblies according to the present invention, which have a large number of sheets of glass, a fire-resistant module containing a single intumescent layer of normal thickness, for example from 1.5 to 3 mm, allows, if necessary, to satisfy not particularly demanding and satisfactory fire resistance conditions. The layers in question can also have a much greater thickness, for example, no more than 10 mm. The nature of the selected alkali metal silicate and, in particular, the molar ratio SiO ₂ /M ₂ O (M represents an alkali metal) and the water content also make it possible to improve the quality of the refractoriness in a known manner.

However, according to the present invention, preferred modules have more than one intumescent layer with a thickness at least equal to the values stated above (1.5-3 mm). The most common combinations contain two or three intumescent layers, and most often two layers. Preferably, these 2 layers are located on both sides of a single sheet of glass. This glass sheet/layer/glass sheet/layer/glass sheet structure present in the laminated material I, in the preferred glazings of the present invention, provides the advantage of retaining the sheets after the first intumescent layer has expanded and moved away from the most exposed glass sheet, which is already crashed, increasing the resistance time of the assembly. In addition, this structure is one of the most common fire-resistant types of glazing. The use of what would then constitute a traditional fire-resistant module in the glazing according to the present invention is even more economical.

The possible use of more than three intumescent layers would lead to increased complexity, which would inevitably entail additional costs. The choice to limit the number of layers to preferably one or two, in addition to the above fact that this number of intumescent layers achieves the most useful fire performance for these types of dual function (fire/bullet resistant) glazing, reduces the number of products rejected due to defects. In particular, although multilayer assemblies made only from sheets of glass bonded by thermoplastic sheets have traditionally had few optical defects, it is known that intumescent layers very often have haze or blistering that is only acceptable within very small dimensions. Increasing the number of intumescent layers necessarily increases the total number of defects and, consequently, the defect rate. This percentage is all the more unacceptable given that conventional assembly methods (particularly autoclaving) are more likely to increase the incidence of these defects.

The presence of 1 to 3 intumescent layers within the glazing, associated with a large number of glass sheets, gives the glazing types according to the present invention at least basic fire-resistant properties, namely properties of class EI 30. However, performance aspects can be much better depending on the complexity of the glazing formed , in particular EW60 and/or EI 60.

In classifications of glazing types, EI denotes types of glazing that form an obstacle to flames and fumes and constitute thermally conductive insulation; EW denotes types of glazing that form a barrier to flames and vapors, as well as to the transfer of heat by radiation. The number indicates the time in minutes during which the resistance tests were carried out. Test conditions comply with the protocol of EN1363 and EN1364 standards.

The quality and production of intumescent layers based on hydrated alkali metal silicates has been the subject of many previous publications. See, for example, documents EP1855878, EP1960317, EP1993828, EP2361223, EP2480041. The refractory properties of intumescent materials result in a preference for products having strong refractory properties, even if the mechanical properties are also slightly modified. These products have a relatively high SiO ₂ /M ₂ O molar ratio, for example about 3-7 and in particular 3.4-5.5, where M represents an alkali metal.

In addition to the molar ratio, the water content of silicates influences their fire behavior. Depending on the production technology, the water content ranges from 20% to 45% by weight of the material. Preferably, dried intumescent layers are used in which the water content is not more than 30% by weight.

Intumescent layers may also contain additives that change certain properties. These include, in particular, polyols, ethylene glycol or glycerin, which impart a certain plasticity to these solid layers. These polyols are advantageously present in an amount of less than 20% and preferably less than 17% by weight of the intumescent material.

The greater number of glass sheets (at least 6) in the glazing determines the necessary presence of thermoplastic sheets. It is preferable to have at least three of them. The role of thermoplastic sheets, as stated above, is mainly to assemble sheets of glass into a multi-layer structure. In this role, these sheets can be relatively thin. In traditional types of glazing made from multi-layer materials, thermoplastic sheets have a thickness of more than 0.30 mm. Typical commercial thicknesses for PVB sheets are 0.38 and 0.76 mm. These same sheets, if necessary, can be stacked on top of each other, resulting in a much greater thickness. Combining them is made easier by the fact that they can stick to each other to form a compact and uniform assembly.

Laminate I is manufactured in such a way that there is no need for spacers. In fact, the laminate I has no spacer and the sheets that make up the laminate I are held together either by a thermoplastic sheet or, for fire-resistant module sheets, by an intumescent layer.

Thermoplastic sheets made from PVB, EVA, PU, ionomers or cycloolefin polymers, unlike organic glasses made from rigid plastics, polycarbonates, polymethacrylates or the like, retain a certain ductility at ambient temperatures.

- 5 043457

They are not fragile. This special feature adds impact resistance by absorbing some of the associated energy. However, their presence in the glazing laminates of the present invention remains essentially related to their adhesive role.

Under certain circumstances, the presence of at least one thermoplastic sheet on each outer glass sheet of the fire resistant module advantageously provides UV protection from ultraviolet rays on both sides of the fire resistant module.

For the reasons stated above, the presence of organic materials sensitive to temperatures corresponding to exposure to fire does not affect the fire-resistant properties of the glazing of the present invention. It is therefore preferable to ensure that the quantities of these materials remain limited. For this reason, sheets of thin thickness are most common, the total mass of organic material being no more than 1/10 of the glazing mass and preferably no more than 1/20.

Depending on the conditions of use, it is possible to include one or more thermoplastic sheets with a thickness of no more than 5 mm in the glazing. However, in these structures, the thick sheet(s) of thermoplastic material is preferably positioned within the structure so that it is not in close proximity to the glazing surface, which is more likely to be exposed to fire. Preferably the thick sheet is separated from this surface by at least two sheets of glass.

In certain circumstances, a fire-resistant module can provide an advantage in terms of the aesthetic appearance of the glazing due to its possible ultra-clear glass composition, providing the same mechanical properties as a thicker sheet of glass (eg 15-18mm) but with a less greenish tint, or mechanical properties are better than its.

According to the following first and second alternative embodiments of the present invention, the fire-resistant module can be covered on one side with at least one sheet of thermoplastic intermediate layer and at least one sheet of glass, and on the other side with at least 2 sheets of thermoplastic intermediate layer and at least 2 sheets of glass.

According to a first alternative embodiment of the present invention, the fire-resistant/bullet-resistant safety glazing may comprise a laminated glass sheet assembly I, that is, a laminated material I whose glass sheets are assembled by thermoplastic interlayer sheets made from thermoplastics such as PVB, EVA, PU, ionomers, cycloolefin polymers, and by n layers of intumescent material based on hydrated alkali metal silicate, where 1<n<3, which contains a fire-resistant module containing said n layers of intumescent material based on hydrated alkali metal silicate and n+1 sheets of glass, wherein said module covered, regardless of whether the side in question is the front side or the protective side, on one side with at least one sheet of thermoplastic intermediate layer and at least one sheet of glass, and on the other side with at least 2 sheets of thermoplastic intermediate layer and at least at least 2 sheets of glass, and which does not contain a sheet of organic glass based on a polymeric material such as polycarbonate, polymethyl methacrylate, that is, a material that is rigid at ambient temperature;

wherein the laminate I is optionally associated with either a sheet of glass or a second laminate assembly II made from sheets of glass assembled by thermoplastic interlayer sheets made from thermoplastics such as PVB, EVA, PU, ionomers, cycloolefin polymers, wherein between space is maintained by the laminated material I and either the glass sheet or the laminated material II, wherein the glazing comprises at least 6 sheets of glass.

According to this first alternative embodiment, the asymmetry can be independent of the side in question, namely on the front surface side or the protective surface side.

According to a second alternative embodiment of the present invention, the fire-resistant/bullet-resistant safety glazing may comprise a laminated glass sheet assembly I, that is, a laminated material I whose glass sheets are assembled by thermoplastic interlayer sheets made from thermoplastics such as PVB, EVA, PU, ionomers, cycloolefin polymers, and by n layers of intumescent material based on hydrated alkali metal silicate, where 1<n<3, which contains a fire-resistant module containing said n layers of intumescent material based on hydrated alkali metal silicate and n+1 sheets of glass, wherein said module covered on the front surface side with at least one sheet of thermoplastic intermediate layer and at least one sheet of glass, and on the protective surface side with at least 2 sheets of thermoplastic intermediate layer and at least 2 sheets of glass, and

- 6 043457 which does not contain a sheet of organic glass based on a polymeric material such as polycarbonate, polymethyl methacrylate, that is, a material that is rigid at ambient temperatures;

wherein the laminate I is optionally associated with either a sheet of glass or a second laminate assembly II made from sheets of glass assembled by thermoplastic interlayer sheets made from thermoplastics such as PVB, EVA, PU, ionomers, cycloolefin polymers, wherein between space is maintained by the laminated material I and either the glass sheet or the laminated material II, wherein the glazing comprises at least 6 sheets of glass.

According to this second alternative embodiment, in the case of an asymmetry in the number of glass sheets and intermediate layer sheets on each side of the fire-resistant module, it is recommended that the fire-resistant module be closer to the front surface than to the protective surface, and therefore further from said protective surface. In this configuration, the fire-resistant module can clearly help dissipate impact energy through the rest of the glazing towards the protective surface and maintain its fire-resistant function.

For example, according to the first embodiment of the present invention, the following structures of the multilayer material I may be mentioned, but not exhaustively (where V = glass sheet; T = thermoplastic intermediate layer sheet and I = intumescent layer), with at least 6 sheets of glass and one intumescent layer:

V-T-V-T-V-I-V-T-V-T-V,

V-T-V-I-V-T-V-T-V-T-V,

V-T-V-T-V-T-V-I-V-T-V, with at least 6 sheets of glass and 2 intumescent layers:

V-T-V-I-V-I-V-T-V-T-V,

V-T-V-T-V-I-V-I-V-T-V, with at least 6 sheets of glass and 3 intumescent layers:

V-T-V-I-V-I-V-I-V-T-V, with at least 7 sheets of glass and 2 intumescent layers:

V-T-V-T-V-I-V-I-V-T-V-T-V,

V-T-V-I-V-I-V-T-V-T-V-T-V,

V-T-V-T-V-T-V-I-V-I-V-T-V, with at least 8 sheets of glass and 3 intumescent layers:

V-T-V-I-V-I-V-I-V-T-V-T-V-T-V,

V-T-V-T-V-I-V-I-V-I-V-T-V-T-V,

V-T-V-T-V-T-V-I-V-I-V-I-V-T-V.

Structures according to a second alternative embodiment of the present invention include, but are not limited to, the following structures:

with at least 6 sheets of glass and one intumescent layer:

V-T-V-I-V-T-V-T-V-T-V, with at least 6 sheets of glass and 2 intumescent layers:

V-T-V-I-V-I-V-T-V-T-V, with at least 7 sheets of glass and 2 intumescent layers:

V-T-V-I-V-I-V-T-V-T-V-T-V, with at least 8 sheets of glass and 3 intumescent layers:

V-T-V-I-V-I-V-I-V-T-V-T-V-T-V.

Additional glass sheets and thermoplastic sheets may be added to one or both sides of the above-described structures, depending on the expected protection, without deviating from the above-described principle of the present invention.

A glass sheet or second laminate assembly II made from sheets of glass assembled by thermoplastic interlayer sheets made from thermoplastics such as PVB, EVA, PU, ionomers, cycloolefin polymers can be added to both sides of the laminate I structures that are described above, while maintaining space between the laminate I and either the glass sheet or the laminate II. For example,

V-space-V-T-V-I-V-I-V-T-V-T -V,

V-space-V-T-V-I-V-I-V-T-V-T-V-T-V,

V-space-V-T-V-I-V-I-V-I-V-T-V-T-V-T-V, or

V-T-V-I-V-I-V-T-V-T-V-T-V-space-V,

V-T-V-T-V-I-V-I-V-I-V-T-V-T-V-space-V, or

II-space-V-T-V-I-V-I-V-T-V-T-V-T-V,

II-space-V-T-V-T-V-I-V-I-V-I-V-T-V-T-V, or

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V-T-V-I-V-I-V-T-V-T-V-space-I,

V-T-V-I-V-I-V-T-V-T-V-T-V-space-P,

V-T-V-I-V-I-V-I-V-T-V-T-V-T-V-space-AND, or any other possible combination according to the present invention.

In the text below, the present invention is illustrated by a number of examples.

Examples

Examples 1-18: The structures of glazing types are specified as follows. Sheets of glass are designated by a number corresponding to their thickness in millimeters. The intumescent layers of hydrated sodium silicate have a constant thickness of 2 mm and are designated 7. The intermediate layer sheets are made of PVB and each of them has a thickness of 0.76 mm. Each of them is marked with a :. When multiple sheets of interlayer are stacked on top of each other, there are as many : as there are sheets. The configuration is described such that the front surface is the first sheet on the far left side of the glazing, and that the impact travels across the glass in the reading direction (from left to right).

The table also shows the total thickness of the glazing in millimeters and its weight per unit area of 1 ^m2 . The ratio of the mass of PVB to the total weight of the glazing is also indicated.

The bulletproof quality of the glazing, designated BR (Bullet Resistant), is rated according to EN 1063. The BR rating is given for a given weapon and projectile based on the absence of a penetration hole in the structure after impact with the front surface. The NS (Non-Shrapnel) designation is a shrapnel protection quality and indicates the presence of bulletproof safety glass without splinters on the opposite side during projectile impact. The impact of the projectile is not accompanied by the ejection of glass fragments from the protective surface to the opposite side of the surface subjected to this impact. The designation S (Shrapnel) indicates bulletproof safety glass with glass fragments on the opposite side of the projectile impact. The impact of the projectile is accompanied by the ejection of glass fragments from the protective surface to the opposite side of the surface that was subjected to the specified impact. The bulletproof glazing quality for examples 1-12, 17 and 18 according to the present invention is type BR NS, while the quality for examples 13-16 is type S.

Each proposed glazing assembly has two implementation options:

one is for internal use, which has only laminated block I, one is for external use, forming insulation by adding a sheet II of glass with a thickness of 6 mm by 9 mm from laminated block I.

Structure Anti-infiltration IU EN 356 Fire resistant cue EN 1364 Bulletproof EN 1063 thickness per mm weight kg/ ^m2 PVB/total wt.% 1 4:12:3/8/3:10:6 Р7В EI30 BR5NS 52 124 3.7% 2 6 -air9 4:12:3/8/3:10:6 Р7В EI30 BR5NS 67 139 3.3% 3 4:12:3/8/3:12:1 2:4 Р7В EI30 BR5NS 65 155 3.7% 4 6 -air9 4:12:3/8/3:12:1 2:4 Р7В EI30 BR5NS 80 170 3.3% 5 4:12:3/8/3:10:1 0:4 Р7В EI30 BR5NS 61 145 3.9% 6 6 -air9 4:12:3/8/3:10:1 0:4 Р7В EI30 BR5NS 76 160 3.6% 7 4:12:8/3:12:12: 4 Р7В EI30 BR5NS 61 145 3.9% 8 6 -air9 4:12:8/3:12:12: 4 Р7В EI30 BR5NS 76 160 3.6% 9 4:12:3/8/3:12:1 2:12:4 Р8В EI30 BR6NS 78 186 3.7% 10 6 -air9 4:12:3/8/3:12:1 2:12:4 Р8В EI30 BR6NS 93 201 3.4% AND 4:12:3/8/3:12:1 2:10:4 Р8В EI30 BR6NS 76 150 3.0% 12 6 -air9 4:12:3/8/3:12:1 2:10:4 Р8В EI30 BR6NS 91 165 2.8% 13 12:3/8/3:4:::::4 Р7В EI30 BR5 S 42 97 8.2% 14 6 -air9 12:3/8/3:4:::::4 Р7В EI30 BR5 S 57 112 7.1% 15 4:12:3/8/3:12:::: 4 Р7В EI30 BR6 S 54 126 5.4% 16 6 -air9 4:12:3/8/3:12:::: 4 Р7В EI30 BR6 S 69 141 4.8% 17 4:8/3 :12 :12 :12 :4 Р7В EI30 BR5NS 61 145 3.9% 18 6 - air9 4:8/3:12:12:12:4 Р7В EI30 BR5NS 76 160 3.6%

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Claims (4)

The accompanying figures schematically show (without taking into account the proportions of various sizes) examples 1, 2, 7, 8, 9, 10, 15 and 16 of the above table. As described above, the figures show the composition of the different components of the glazing types. Next to them are indicated the thickness of the glass sheets. The space between the laminate I and the glass sheet or laminate II is taken into account in this space, which is known to be filled with air or an inert gas such as argon. All dimensions are indicated in millimeters. Only the intumescent layers 1, thermoplastic sheets 2 and spaces 3 are indicated by references. Sheets of glass are not marked with them, except to indicate their thickness. In these figures, the total glazing thickness is also indicated below the corresponding figure in mm. Each odd-numbered figure corresponds to a glazing having only a laminated block I. On the even-numbered figures an additional sheet is added to form double insulated glazing. Fig. 7 and 8 (Examples 15 and 16) have one intumescent layer, while all others have two intumescent layers. However, the fire resistance performance of a single layer remains satisfactory, and the overall structure of the multilayer material contributes to this performance. Fig. 7 and 8 (examples 15 and 16 of the table) have an assembly of 4 thermoplastic sheets. The number of glass sheets in these figures varies from 7 for figs. 1, 3 and 7 (examples 1, 7 and 15) to 10 for fig. 6 (example 10). Likewise, the examples show wide variation in the overall thickness of glass sheets and overall glazing. Thus, the glazing thickness varies from 52 mm for fig. 1 (example 1) up to 93 mm for Fig. 6 (example 10). Therefore, the types of glazing according to the present invention have a fire-resistant module that is made of 1-3 intumescent layers, inserted inside the bulletproof glazing and covered on both sides with at least one sheet of thermoplastic interlayer and at least one sheet of glass. In this configuration, the front surface and the protective surface are located on both sides of said fire-resistant module, each of them being separated from the latter by at least one thermoplastic sheet. In possible glazing configurations according to the present invention, the fire-resistant module can therefore be covered on both sides with at least 2 sheets of glass and 2 thermoplastic sheets. In other possible configurations, the fire-resistant module may therefore be covered on one side with at least 2 sheets of glass and 2 thermoplastic sheets and on the other side with at least 3 sheets of glass and 3 thermoplastic sheets, regardless of whether the side in question is the front side or the protective side. By being positioned within a bulletproof module, the fireproof module is more likely not to be damaged upon impact and therefore more likely not to shatter and lose its fireproof function. This arrangement within the bulletproof module also allows the fireproof module to dissipate the energy resulting from impact with the front surface. CLAIM 1. Fire-resistant and bullet-proof safety glazing comprising a laminated glass sheet assembly I, that is, a laminated material I whose glass sheets are assembled by thermoplastic interlayer sheets made from thermoplastics selected from the group consisting of PVB, EVA, PU, ionomers and cycloolefins polymers, and through n layers of intumescent material based on hydrated alkali metal silicate, where 1<n<3; which comprises a fire-resistant module comprising said n layers of hydrated alkali metal silicate intumescent material and n+1 sheets of glass, said module being coated on both sides by at least one sheet of thermoplastic interlayer and at least one sheet of glass, and which is not contains a sheet of organic glass based on a polymer material selected from the group consisting of polycarbonates, polymethyl methacrylates, hard at ambient temperature; wherein the glazing contains at least 6 sheets of glass. 2. The glazing of claim 1, wherein the laminated material I is further bonded to either a sheet of glass or a second laminated assembly II made from sheets of glass assembled by sheets of thermoplastic intermediate layer made from thermoplastics selected from the group consisting of PVB, EVA, PU, ionomers and cycloolefin polymers, while maintaining space between laminate I and either the glass sheet or laminate II. 3. Glazing according to claim 1 or 2, characterized in that the fire-resistant module is covered on one side with at least one sheet of thermoplastic intermediate layer and at least one sheet of glass, and on the other side with at least 2 sheets of thermoplastic intermediate layer and at least 2 sheets of glass. 4. Glazing according to any of the previous paragraphs, characterized in that the total thickness of the sheets -