WO2020078003A1 - Procédé de détection de limite éloignée de diagraphie d'ondes électromagnétiques transitoires dans le domaine temporel - Google Patents

Procédé de détection de limite éloignée de diagraphie d'ondes électromagnétiques transitoires dans le domaine temporel Download PDF

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WO2020078003A1
WO2020078003A1 PCT/CN2019/088711 CN2019088711W WO2020078003A1 WO 2020078003 A1 WO2020078003 A1 WO 2020078003A1 CN 2019088711 W CN2019088711 W CN 2019088711W WO 2020078003 A1 WO2020078003 A1 WO 2020078003A1
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boundary
time
electromagnetic wave
formation
domain
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PCT/CN2019/088711
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English (en)
Chinese (zh)
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袁习勇
邓少贵
张盼
刘天淋
李海涛
蔡联云
姜春阳
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中国石油大学(华东)
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Publication of WO2020078003A1 publication Critical patent/WO2020078003A1/fr

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    • E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
    • E21—EARTH OR ROCK DRILLING; MINING
    • E21B—EARTH OR ROCK DRILLING; OBTAINING OIL, GAS, WATER, SOLUBLE OR MELTABLE MATERIALS OR A SLURRY OF MINERALS FROM WELLS
    • E21B47/00—Survey of boreholes or wells
    • E21B47/12—Means for transmitting measuring-signals or control signals from the well to the surface, or from the surface to the well, e.g. for logging while drilling
    • E21B47/13—Means for transmitting measuring-signals or control signals from the well to the surface, or from the surface to the well, e.g. for logging while drilling by electromagnetic energy, e.g. radio frequency
    • E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
    • E21—EARTH OR ROCK DRILLING; MINING
    • E21B—EARTH OR ROCK DRILLING; OBTAINING OIL, GAS, WATER, SOLUBLE OR MELTABLE MATERIALS OR A SLURRY OF MINERALS FROM WELLS
    • E21B49/00—Testing the nature of borehole walls; Formation testing; Methods or apparatus for obtaining samples of soil or well fluids, specially adapted to earth drilling or wells

Definitions

  • the invention relates to the field of petroleum exploration and development, and belongs to the category of electric logging methods, in particular to a time domain transient electromagnetic wave logging boundary remote detection method.
  • Electromagnetic wave logging tools have become one of the key technologies for geosteering and reservoir evaluation because of their advantages such as greater detection depth and stronger azimuth detection capabilities.
  • the widely used electromagnetic logging tools at home and abroad generally use specific frequency time-harmonic excitation and measurement modes: the traditional electromagnetic wave logging transmitter and receiver antennas are coaxially arranged, the detection range is about 2m, and there is no azimuth detection capability; Electromagnetic wave logging adopts coaxial / tilt / orthogonal measurement mode, while adding low-frequency mode, the detection depth can reach 5m, and can simultaneously obtain the azimuth information of the interface; in recent years, the ultra-deep exploration while drilling reservoir imaging survey launched by Schlumberger Geosphere, through the combination of multi-component signals, has achieved geological steering at the reservoir scale.
  • the detection range can reach tens of meters, but there are problems such as long source distance and difficulty in signal synchronization.
  • the detection depth of the electromagnetic wave logging excited by the time harmonic source is limited to the geometric relationship between the transmitting and receiving coils, that is, in order to increase the detection depth, the frequency must be reduced and the source distance must be increased, which requires high construction technology and field application.
  • Transient electromagnetic waves contain rich information in the wide frequency domain and the time domain.
  • an induced electromotive force is generated in the formation, which in turn generates an induced eddy current.
  • the diffusion of the eddy current generates a secondary field.
  • the scattered field will cause the difference of the measurement signal of the receiving antenna in the time domain, so it has the ability to detect the boundary far. Combined with the multi-component transmitting and receiving antenna coupling arrangement measurement method, it is helpful to improve the azimuth sensitivity of transient electromagnetic logging to the boundary.
  • transient electromagnetic wave downhole pulse excitation signals the combined arrangement relationship of transmitting and receiving antennas, the acquisition of time-domain logging signals, the way of signal definition and the response characteristics of transient electromagnetic waves to geological structures, the use of transient electromagnetic waves
  • the remote detection of the time domain logging boundary is of great significance.
  • the present invention proposes a time-domain transient electromagnetic wave logging boundary remote detection method, which has a reasonable design, overcomes the deficiencies of the prior art, and has a good effect.
  • a time-domain transient electromagnetic wave logging remote boundary detection method including the following steps:
  • Step 1 Establish a stratum model and design a combined transmit and receive antenna mode
  • Step 2 Select the transient electromagnetic wave pulse source excitation mode to emit current into the formation; after excitation, turn off the current source and measure the pure secondary field in the formation after shutdown;
  • Step 3 Obtain the time-domain induced electromotive force
  • Step 4 Build a transient electromagnetic wave logging boundary detection signal definition method to extract formation conductivity and formation boundary position information
  • Step 5 Transient electromagnetic wave logging is used to detect the boundary under the conditions of different distance, dip angle and formation resistivity.
  • a single-transmitting and dual-receiving transmitting and receiving mode is adopted.
  • the antenna is composed of a group of transmitting coils and two groups of receiving coils.
  • the transmitting coils are arranged coaxially.
  • the distances between the two receiving coils and the transmitting coil are the same.
  • the zz and zx components of the layered medium can be measured simultaneously in one shot.
  • step 3 the following steps are specifically included:
  • Step 3.1 Use the vector bit function method to obtain the frequency-domain induced electromotive force V ( ⁇ ) of the magnetic dipole source in any direction of the layered medium;
  • Step 3.2 Perform time-frequency information processing, select a time-frequency conversion algorithm, convert the frequency domain logging response V ( ⁇ ) to the time domain, and obtain the time domain induced electromotive force V (t).
  • step 4 the following steps are specifically included:
  • Step 4.1 Under uniform formation conditions, the expression of induced electromotive force V zz is shown in formula (2):
  • ⁇ is the magnetic permeability
  • ⁇ is the electrical conductivity
  • r is the distance between the measurement point and the source point
  • e x , e y , and e z are the unit vectors in the x, y, and z directions, respectively;
  • the measurement signal is linearly related to the formation conductivity, and V zz is used to extract formation conductivity; under layered formation conditions, V zz is used to extract formation conductivity;
  • Step 4.2 Based on the principle of electromagnetic wave scattering, define the induced electromotive force difference ⁇ V zz between the total field of the zz component of the layered medium and the background field of the zz component of the current layer where the antenna is located, as shown in formula (3):
  • V zz V zz total field- V zz background field (3);
  • ⁇ V zz reflects the contribution of the interface to the logging response
  • V Geosignal V zx (4)
  • azimuth detection is performed on the boundary.
  • step 5 under different formation dip angles, for look ahead geological model appearing in geosteering while drilling, that is, the transmitting and receiving antenna is located in front of the interface, the interface is detected by ⁇ V zz ; for look around appearing in geosteering while drilling
  • the geological model that is, under the conditions of wells with high inclination / horizontal wells, adopts ⁇ V zz or V Geosignal detection interface to guide the geological steering.
  • the invention can realize the long-distance detection of the formation interface under the condition that the instrument is short, and solves the problem that the current logging tool is too long and applied in the deep logging detection Inconvenience and other problems; the transient electromagnetic wave measurement process is not disturbed by the primary field, including rich information in the wide frequency domain and the time domain. When the electromagnetic wave encounters an interface during the propagation process, the scattered field will cause the difference of the receiving antenna measurement signal in the time domain.
  • the advantage of extracting target information in the time domain; the multi-component coil arrangement method can determine the formation conductivity and interface position at the same time, and has the ability to detect azimuth.
  • the time-domain transient electromagnetic wave logging boundary detection method provided by the invention has a long detection distance and can be applied to geosteering while drilling, which can adjust the trajectory of the borehole in time, realize the accurate landing of horizontal wells in highly deviated wells, and improve the exploration and development of oil and gas resources. s efficiency.
  • FIG. 1 is a schematic diagram of the structure of a single-transmission dual-reception coaxial / orthogonal antenna used in the present invention
  • FIG. 2 is a schematic diagram of a stratum model according to a specific embodiment of the present invention, the coil system is located above the interface;
  • FIG. 3 is a schematic diagram of a stratum model according to a specific embodiment of the present invention, and the coil system is located below the interface;
  • FIG. 4 is a schematic diagram of a pulse excitation source used in the present invention.
  • FIG. 5 is a schematic diagram of the zz component logging response at different distances on the interface when the coil system is perpendicular to the formation in a specific embodiment of the present invention
  • FIG. 6 is a schematic diagram of zz component logging response at different distances on the interface when the angle between the coil system and the formation is 60 °;
  • FIG. 7 is a schematic diagram of the zx component logging response at different distances on the interface when the angle between the coil system and the formation is 60 ° according to a specific embodiment of the present invention
  • FIG. 8 is a schematic diagram of the zx component logging response when the angle between the coil system and the formation of the present invention is 0 °, and they are respectively below and above the interface;
  • FIG. 9 is a schematic diagram of the zz component logging response at different angles between the coil system and the interface of the present invention.
  • FIG. 10 is a schematic diagram of the zz component logging response of different resistivities of a uniform formation in the present invention.
  • FIG. 11 is a schematic diagram of the zz component logging response of different resistivity of the layered formation of the present invention.
  • the object of the present invention is to provide a time domain transient electromagnetic wave logging boundary detection method, using a short source distance to achieve the far detection of the formation boundary.
  • the invention adopts a single-transmitting and double-receiving coil arrangement mode, the transmitting coil is coaxially arranged, and the two receiving coils are coaxially and orthogonally arranged and have the same source distance; the pulse source is used as the excitation signal source to measure the current in the formation after the current is turned off Pure secondary field; construct a transient electromagnetic wave logging signal definition method to extract formation conductivity, interface position and other information.
  • the transient electromagnetic wave logging source distance is small, the detection is deep, and it is sensitive to the interface orientation, which shows its great potential for application in geosteering while drilling.
  • Step 1 Establish a stratum model and design a combined transmit and receive antenna mode.
  • FIG. 1 is a schematic diagram of an antenna structure for time-domain transient electromagnetic logging provided by the present invention for remote boundary detection.
  • a single-transmission and dual-receive antenna structure is adopted, and the source distance from the transmitting antenna (coil) T to the receiving antennas (coil) R1 and R2 is shown in FIG.
  • the transmitting coil T is coaxially arranged
  • the receiving coil R1 is coaxially arranged
  • the receiving coil R2 is orthogonally arranged.
  • the source distance is the same, 40in, so the zz and zx components can be measured simultaneously in one transmission.
  • the formation model includes medium I and medium II, medium I has a resistivity of 10 ⁇ ⁇ m, and medium II has a resistivity of 1 ⁇ ⁇ m, the coil system is located in the medium I, respectively above and below the interface.
  • Step 2 Select the transient electromagnetic wave pulse source excitation mode to emit current into the formation; after excitation, turn off the current source and measure the pure secondary field in the formation after shutdown;
  • the pulse source as the excitation source as shown in Figure 4, which are the next step current source, Gaussian pulse, and sawtooth wave, which emits current into the formation, and the excitation is long enough to eliminate the transient effect caused by the current turn-on After the current is turned off, the pure secondary field in the formation, the rest of the calculation content of the present invention is the following step current source as an example.
  • Step 3 Perform time-frequency information processing, select an appropriate time-frequency conversion algorithm, convert the frequency domain logging response of different frequencies ⁇ to the time domain, and obtain the time-domain induced electromotive force.
  • Step 3.1 Use the vector bit function method to obtain the frequency-domain induced electromotive force V ( ⁇ ) of the magnetic dipole source in any direction of the layered medium;
  • Step 3.2 Perform time-frequency information processing, select a time-frequency conversion algorithm, convert the frequency domain logging response V ( ⁇ ) to the time domain, and obtain the time domain induced electromotive force V (t).
  • V (t) Taking the Gaver-Stehfest inverse Laplace transform method as an example, after obtaining V ( ⁇ ), let V (t) can be expressed as:
  • J is the filter coefficient
  • m is The integer part of.
  • Step 4 Build a transient electromagnetic wave logging boundary detection signal definition method to extract formation conductivity and formation interface position information.
  • Step 4.1 Under uniform formation conditions, the expression of induced electromotive force V zz is:
  • ⁇ is the magnetic permeability
  • ⁇ is the electrical conductivity
  • r is the distance between the measurement point and the source point
  • e x , e y , and e z are the unit vectors in the x, y, and z directions, respectively;
  • V zz is used to extract the formation conductivity; under layered formation conditions, V zz is used to extract the formation apparent conductivity.
  • Step 4.2 Based on the principle of electromagnetic wave scattering, define the induced electromotive force difference ⁇ V zz of the zz component total field of the layered medium and the zz component background field of the current layer where the coil system is located: ie ( ⁇ zz total field- ⁇ zz background field ) reflects the adjacent layer pair logging The contribution of the response; the presence of the boundary leads to the cross component zx not being 0, and the induced electromotive force V zx of the zx component is defined as the azimuth geological signal V Geosignal , reflecting the position of the formation boundary. According to the coil system being above or below the interface, the time domain induced electromotive force The negative changes are different, and azimuth detection is performed on the stratum boundary.
  • Step 5 Transient electromagnetic logging at different distances, dips, and formation resistivities to detect the boundary
  • the transmitting and receiving antenna is located in front of the interface and the angle between the antenna and the interface is large, at this time, the total field of the zz component of the layered medium and the current layer of the antenna
  • the induced electromotive force difference ⁇ V zz of the zz component background field is detected on the interface.
  • the angle between the antenna and the formation interface is 90 °.
  • the intersection of the curve and the x axis in the time domain reflects the boundary distance DTB. The closer the interface distance, The earlier the measurement signal ⁇ V zz appears;
  • the interface can be probed with ⁇ V zz , as shown in Figure 6, the angle between the antenna and the formation interface is 30 °; or The zx component azimuth geological signal V Geosignal is used to detect the interface. As shown in Figure 7, the angle between the antenna structure and the formation interface is 30 °. The intersection of ⁇ V zz and V Geosignal with the x axis is basically the same. The detection effect on the interface distance the same;
  • V Geosignal contains azimuth detection characteristics.
  • the antenna is located in the medium I, at a distance of 10m from the boundary and parallel to the interface, respectively below and above the interface .
  • the induced electromotive force value in the time domain is the same, but when the antenna is above the interface, the induced electromotive force is positive (solid line) in the early stage and negative (dashed line) in the late stage; when the antenna is below the interface, the extreme value
  • the positive and negative changes of the induced electromotive force on both sides of the point are just the opposite.
  • the relative position of the antenna and the interface is judged according to this changing characteristic of V zx .
  • the distance between the electrode system and the boundary is 10m
  • the angle between the electrode system and the formation interface is 90 °, 60 °, 45 °, 30 °, 15 °, 5 °, 0 °, respectively.
  • the detection of the boundary under the condition of inclination is shown in Figure 9.
  • the greater the formation dip angle the greater the absolute value of ⁇ V zz ; meanwhile, as the apparent thickness of the formation increases, the boundary distance increases, and the extreme point of the curve shifts to the left.
  • the resistivities are 1, 5, 10, and 20 ⁇ ⁇ m, as shown in Figure 10; when the ground interface exists, the angle between the electrode system and the formation interface is 90 °, The distance between the formation boundaries is 5m and 10m respectively, and the resistivity contrast on both sides of the interface is: 10: 1, 10: 5.
  • the boundary detection is performed under different resistivity contrast conditions. When the formation resistivity is the same, the measurement is performed under different boundary distances. Late curves coincide.
  • the logging response of the zz component of different resistivity of the layered formation of the present invention is shown in FIG. 11.

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Abstract

L'invention concerne un procédé de détection de limite éloignée de diagraphie d'ondes électromagnétiques transitoires dans le domaine temporel, associé au domaine de l'exploration pétrolière, comprenant les étapes suivantes : étape 1 : établissement d'un modèle de strate, conception d'un mode de combinaison d'antenne d'émission/réception ; étape 2 : sélection d'un mode d'excitation de source d'impulsion de diagraphie d'ondes électromagnétiques transitoires, transmission d'un courant dans une strate, réalisation d'une excitation puis interruption d'une source de courant, mesure d'un champ secondaire pur dans la strate après l'interruption ; étape 3 : acquisition d'une force électromotrice induite par le domaine temporel ; étape 4 : construction d'un schéma de définition de signal électromagnétique transitoire, extraction d'informations telles que la conductibilité électrique de la strate et de la limite de la strate ; et étape 5 : réalisation de détections de limite de diagraphie d'ondes électromagnétiques transitoires à différentes distances, différents angles d'inclinaison et différentes conditions de résistivité de strate. Par comparaison avec un procédé de diagraphie d'ondes électromagnétiques de source harmonique-temporelle antérieur, le procédé est exempt d'interférences d'un champ primaire pendant la mesure, une source d'impulsions comprend des informations riches d'un domaine de fréquence large, l'avantage de l'extraction dans le domaine temporel des informations de strate est fourni, et une distance de source plus courte peut être utilisée pour mettre en œuvre une détection à distance de la limite de la strate pour une géo-direction avec un forage et une diagraphie de puits.
PCT/CN2019/088711 2018-10-15 2019-05-28 Procédé de détection de limite éloignée de diagraphie d'ondes électromagnétiques transitoires dans le domaine temporel WO2020078003A1 (fr)

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