WO2020074119A1 - Procédé de fabrication d'un échangeur de chaleur à plaques et échangeur de chaleur à plaques - Google Patents

Procédé de fabrication d'un échangeur de chaleur à plaques et échangeur de chaleur à plaques Download PDF

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Publication number
WO2020074119A1
WO2020074119A1 PCT/EP2019/025331 EP2019025331W WO2020074119A1 WO 2020074119 A1 WO2020074119 A1 WO 2020074119A1 EP 2019025331 W EP2019025331 W EP 2019025331W WO 2020074119 A1 WO2020074119 A1 WO 2020074119A1
Authority
WO
WIPO (PCT)
Prior art keywords
heat exchanger
welding
fluid
connection device
filler material
Prior art date
Application number
PCT/EP2019/025331
Other languages
German (de)
English (en)
Inventor
Rudolf Wanke
Georg Wimmer
Karl Krätschmer
Original Assignee
Linde Aktiengesellschaft
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by Linde Aktiengesellschaft filed Critical Linde Aktiengesellschaft
Publication of WO2020074119A1 publication Critical patent/WO2020074119A1/fr

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Classifications

    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F28—HEAT EXCHANGE IN GENERAL
    • F28D—HEAT-EXCHANGE APPARATUS, NOT PROVIDED FOR IN ANOTHER SUBCLASS, IN WHICH THE HEAT-EXCHANGE MEDIA DO NOT COME INTO DIRECT CONTACT
    • F28D9/00—Heat-exchange apparatus having stationary plate-like or laminated conduit assemblies for both heat-exchange media, the media being in contact with different sides of a conduit wall
    • F28D9/0062—Heat-exchange apparatus having stationary plate-like or laminated conduit assemblies for both heat-exchange media, the media being in contact with different sides of a conduit wall the conduits for one heat-exchange medium being formed by spaced plates with inserted elements
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B23—MACHINE TOOLS; METAL-WORKING NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • B23K—SOLDERING OR UNSOLDERING; WELDING; CLADDING OR PLATING BY SOLDERING OR WELDING; CUTTING BY APPLYING HEAT LOCALLY, e.g. FLAME CUTTING; WORKING BY LASER BEAM
    • B23K35/00—Rods, electrodes, materials, or media, for use in soldering, welding, or cutting
    • B23K35/02—Rods, electrodes, materials, or media, for use in soldering, welding, or cutting characterised by mechanical features, e.g. shape
    • B23K35/0222—Rods, electrodes, materials, or media, for use in soldering, welding, or cutting characterised by mechanical features, e.g. shape for use in soldering, brazing
    • B23K35/0227—Rods, wires
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B23—MACHINE TOOLS; METAL-WORKING NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • B23K—SOLDERING OR UNSOLDERING; WELDING; CLADDING OR PLATING BY SOLDERING OR WELDING; CUTTING BY APPLYING HEAT LOCALLY, e.g. FLAME CUTTING; WORKING BY LASER BEAM
    • B23K35/00—Rods, electrodes, materials, or media, for use in soldering, welding, or cutting
    • B23K35/22—Rods, electrodes, materials, or media, for use in soldering, welding, or cutting characterised by the composition or nature of the material
    • B23K35/24—Selection of soldering or welding materials proper
    • B23K35/28—Selection of soldering or welding materials proper with the principal constituent melting at less than 950 degrees C
    • B23K35/286—Al as the principal constituent
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B23—MACHINE TOOLS; METAL-WORKING NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • B23K—SOLDERING OR UNSOLDERING; WELDING; CLADDING OR PLATING BY SOLDERING OR WELDING; CUTTING BY APPLYING HEAT LOCALLY, e.g. FLAME CUTTING; WORKING BY LASER BEAM
    • B23K35/00—Rods, electrodes, materials, or media, for use in soldering, welding, or cutting
    • B23K35/22—Rods, electrodes, materials, or media, for use in soldering, welding, or cutting characterised by the composition or nature of the material
    • B23K35/24—Selection of soldering or welding materials proper
    • B23K35/28—Selection of soldering or welding materials proper with the principal constituent melting at less than 950 degrees C
    • B23K35/286—Al as the principal constituent
    • B23K35/288—Al as the principal constituent with Sn or Zn
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B23—MACHINE TOOLS; METAL-WORKING NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • B23K—SOLDERING OR UNSOLDERING; WELDING; CLADDING OR PLATING BY SOLDERING OR WELDING; CUTTING BY APPLYING HEAT LOCALLY, e.g. FLAME CUTTING; WORKING BY LASER BEAM
    • B23K9/00—Arc welding or cutting
    • B23K9/23—Arc welding or cutting taking account of the properties of the materials to be welded
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
    • C22C—ALLOYS
    • C22C21/00—Alloys based on aluminium
    • C22C21/02—Alloys based on aluminium with silicon as the next major constituent
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
    • C22C—ALLOYS
    • C22C21/00—Alloys based on aluminium
    • C22C21/06—Alloys based on aluminium with magnesium as the next major constituent
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
    • C22C—ALLOYS
    • C22C21/00—Alloys based on aluminium
    • C22C21/06—Alloys based on aluminium with magnesium as the next major constituent
    • C22C21/08—Alloys based on aluminium with magnesium as the next major constituent with silicon
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F28—HEAT EXCHANGE IN GENERAL
    • F28F—DETAILS OF HEAT-EXCHANGE AND HEAT-TRANSFER APPARATUS, OF GENERAL APPLICATION
    • F28F21/00—Constructions of heat-exchange apparatus characterised by the selection of particular materials
    • F28F21/08—Constructions of heat-exchange apparatus characterised by the selection of particular materials of metal
    • F28F21/081—Heat exchange elements made from metals or metal alloys
    • F28F21/084—Heat exchange elements made from metals or metal alloys from aluminium or aluminium alloys
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F28—HEAT EXCHANGE IN GENERAL
    • F28F—DETAILS OF HEAT-EXCHANGE AND HEAT-TRANSFER APPARATUS, OF GENERAL APPLICATION
    • F28F9/00—Casings; Header boxes; Auxiliary supports for elements; Auxiliary members within casings
    • F28F9/02—Header boxes; End plates
    • F28F9/0219—Arrangements for sealing end plates into casing or header box; Header box sub-elements
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B23—MACHINE TOOLS; METAL-WORKING NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • B23K—SOLDERING OR UNSOLDERING; WELDING; CLADDING OR PLATING BY SOLDERING OR WELDING; CUTTING BY APPLYING HEAT LOCALLY, e.g. FLAME CUTTING; WORKING BY LASER BEAM
    • B23K2101/00—Articles made by soldering, welding or cutting
    • B23K2101/04—Tubular or hollow articles
    • B23K2101/14—Heat exchangers
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F28—HEAT EXCHANGE IN GENERAL
    • F28D—HEAT-EXCHANGE APPARATUS, NOT PROVIDED FOR IN ANOTHER SUBCLASS, IN WHICH THE HEAT-EXCHANGE MEDIA DO NOT COME INTO DIRECT CONTACT
    • F28D21/00—Heat-exchange apparatus not covered by any of the groups F28D1/00 - F28D20/00
    • F28D2021/0019—Other heat exchangers for particular applications; Heat exchange systems not otherwise provided for
    • F28D2021/0059—Other heat exchangers for particular applications; Heat exchange systems not otherwise provided for for petrochemical plants
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F28—HEAT EXCHANGE IN GENERAL
    • F28F—DETAILS OF HEAT-EXCHANGE AND HEAT-TRANSFER APPARATUS, OF GENERAL APPLICATION
    • F28F2275/00—Fastening; Joining
    • F28F2275/06—Fastening; Joining by welding

Definitions

  • the invention relates to a method for producing a plate heat exchanger for a process plant and such a plate heat exchanger.
  • a plate heat exchanger comprises a heat exchanger block, so-called headers being welded onto the outside of the heat exchanger block. With the help of these headers, fluids can be supplied to or removed from the heat exchanger block.
  • the individual components of the heat exchanger block such as fins, dividers and / or edge strips, are mostly made of an aluminum alloy. For strength reasons, high-strength ones are preferred for the headers
  • the header is usually welded onto the heat exchanger block using a filler metal with a similar composition to the header material in order to achieve high strength.
  • Welding area can change under the influence of welding heat
  • Grain boundaries form precipitates of the ⁇ phase (Mg2AI3).
  • Stress corrosion cracking can then occur in the welding area, preferably along the grain boundaries covered with precipitations.
  • US 2002 / 0015857A1 proposes, according to the exemplary embodiment of FIGS. 1 and 2, a carrier material 4, which contains no magnesium, on the inner wall to attach a header 3 in the area of the heat affected zone.
  • a seal 6 is provided between the mounting surface 1 a on the apparatus and the carrier material 4, which has a magnesium content of less than 0.05%.
  • an object of the present invention is to provide an improved method for manufacturing a plate heat exchanger.
  • a method for manufacturing a plate heat exchanger for a process plant comprises the following steps: a) providing a heat exchanger block, b) providing one
  • Connection device made of a magnesium-containing aluminum alloy, which comprises a fluid-facing side which faces a fluid to be supplied to or removed from the plate heat exchanger and a fluid-facing side which faces away from the fluid, c) welding the connection device to the heat exchanger block on the fluid-facing side Using a first welding filler material, and d) welding the connection device to the heat exchanger block on the fluid-facing side using a second welding filler material, and d) welding the connection device to the heat exchanger block on the fluid-facing side using a second
  • welding filler material the second welding filler material having a higher magnesium content than the first welding filler material.
  • a welding pad is formed onto the connecting device, with which the connecting device is placed on the heat exchanger block before or during step c), the welding pad being integral with the material
  • Connection device is formed.
  • a buffer layer is welded onto the heat exchanger block, onto which the connection device is placed before or during step c).
  • connection device Welding the connection device to the heat exchanger block on the fluid-facing side with the aid of the first welding filler material, the formation of a gap between the connection device and the heat exchanger block. A Concentration of the mercury in this area is avoided.
  • the weld seam can be produced precisely and reproducibly. This increases the
  • the buffer layer enables the connection device with the welding pad to be placed directly on the heat exchanger block without a separately designed weld pool fuse, for example in the form of a
  • the heat exchanger block Before or when the heat exchanger block is provided, it can be manufactured from a large number of individual parts.
  • the heat exchanger block comprises, for example, a multiplicity of fin-shaped heating surface elements or fins, a multiplicity of separating plates, one in each case between two separating plates
  • Heating surface element and a partition plate is arranged between two heating surface elements, so-called edge strips, which limit the heating surface elements to the edge, and cover plates delimiting the heat exchanger block to the outside. These components can be brazed together.
  • the heat exchanger block is preferably made of an aluminum alloy.
  • the connection device is a so-called header.
  • the connection device can also be referred to as a distributor.
  • the heat exchanger preferably comprises a large number
  • the fluids can also be used as a heat exchanger.
  • the plate heat exchanger is in particular a plate fin heat exchanger (PFHE) or can be referred to as such.
  • PFHE plate fin heat exchanger
  • connection devices With the aid of the connection devices, a fluid can be supplied to the heat exchanger block or a fluid can be removed from it.
  • the connection device is welded to the heat exchanger block on the fluid-facing side with the aid of the first welding filler material preferably before welding the connection device to the heat exchanger block on the fluid-facing side with the help of the second
  • step c) is preferably carried out before step d).
  • the filler metals can be fed as wires.
  • connection device is welded to a surface of the heat exchanger block.
  • the surface can be any external surface of the preferably cuboidal heat exchanger block.
  • connection device preferably has a semi-cylindrical geometry.
  • the connection device can preferably be provided as an extruded profile which is cut to a desired length.
  • the connection device is preferably closed in a fluid-tight manner with the aid of covers.
  • the connection device is preferably made of a high-strength magnesium-containing
  • Aluminum alloy for example made of the material 5083.
  • connection device preferably has a magnesium content of 3.5% to 5.5%, particularly preferably 4% to 5%.
  • the fluid-facing side faces the fluid, in particular when the plate heat exchanger is in operation, so that the fluid wets the fluid-facing side in operation of the plate-type heat exchanger.
  • Production of the plate heat exchanger accordingly does not wet the fluid on the fluid-facing side. The same applies to the side facing away from the fluid.
  • the fluid-facing side can also be referred to as the inside of the connection device.
  • the fluid-facing side is the
  • Heat exchanger block in particular facing the surface of the heat exchanger block.
  • the fluid-facing side can therefore also be used as
  • connection device facing the heat exchanger block.
  • the side facing away from the fluid can also be referred to as the outside of the connection device.
  • the side facing away from the fluid is
  • Heat exchanger block in particular facing away from the surface of the heat exchanger block.
  • the side facing away from the fluid can therefore also be used as
  • connection device facing away from the heat exchanger block.
  • the first welding filler material has a
  • the second filler metal having a magnesium content of more than 2%.
  • the second welding filler material preferably has a magnesium content of 4 to 5%.
  • the second welding filler material has at least approximately the same magnesium content as the material of the connection device.
  • the first filler material is preferably ER4043.
  • the second filler metal can be one of the materials ER5183, ER5356 or ER5556 (A). The first welding filler and the second welding filler therefore differ in particular in their metallurgical composition.
  • steps c) and d) are carried out from the side facing away from the fluid.
  • a first weld is formed in step c) with the aid of the first filler material
  • a second weld is formed in step d) with the aid of the second filler material
  • a cross-sectional area of the first weld is smaller than one
  • the cross-sectional area of the first weld seam is preferably many times smaller than the cross-sectional area of the second weld seam. The smaller the cross-sectional area of the first weld seam.
  • connection device with the help of the first filler metal. This further reduces the risk of the ⁇ phase forming.
  • the first weld seam can be made up of a large number arranged one above the other
  • the second weld seam can also be constructed from a multiplicity of weld layers or weld beads arranged one above the other.
  • the first weld seam is preferably at least partially melted or melted. This results in a good connection between the welds. However, the first weld seam is not melted in step d), so that the second welding filler material does not reach the fluid-facing side.
  • the fluid-facing side is tightly welded with the aid of the first filler metal such that in step d) the first filler metal separates the second filler metal from the fluid-facing side.
  • the welding pad can be produced, for example, by milling the connection device. Alternatively, the
  • Welding pad can also be formed in one piece with the connection device in such a way that the connection device is formed as an extruded profile with a molded-on profile
  • connection device comprises two mutually opposite end sections, a welding pad preferably being provided on each end section.
  • Welding pad preferably does not protrude beyond the fluid-facing side.
  • the welding base is formed by reducing the wall thickness of the connection device.
  • the wall thickness of the connection device is in the range of
  • the welding pad can lie linearly on the heat exchanger block.
  • the welding base can have a sharp-edged cutting edge or tip that makes linear contact with the heat exchanger block before the connection device is welded to the heat exchanger block.
  • the welding pad can also lie flat or flat on the heat exchanger block. During welding, the welding base can be at least partially melted.
  • the buffer layer preferably comprises several, particularly preferably two,
  • the buffer layer can be produced without a filler metal or from a third filler material, the third filler material preferably having a magnesium content of less than 2%, particularly preferably less than 1%.
  • the third filler metal can have a silicon content of greater than or equal to 2.5% in order to avoid crack formation in the area of the buffer layer.
  • the buffer layer is produced with the aid of melting or remelting the material of the heat exchanger block.
  • step c) in step c)
  • Connection device is welded to the buffer layer using the first welding filler material and / or in step d) the connection device is welded to the buffer layer using the second welding filler material.
  • the buffer layer is welded onto the previously mentioned surface of the heat exchanger block.
  • the second weld seam can be partially welded to both the surface and partially to the buffer layer.
  • the first welding filler material is preferably only welded to the buffer layer.
  • the buffer layer can be part of the surface of the
  • a plate heat exchanger for a process plant comprises a heat exchanger block and a connection device made of a magnesium-containing aluminum alloy, which comprises a fluid-facing side which faces a fluid to be supplied to or removed from the plate heat exchanger and a fluid-facing side which faces away from the fluid, the connection device on the fluid-facing side Side is welded to the heat exchanger block with the aid of a first welding filler material, the connection device on the side facing away from the fluid being welded to the heat exchanger block with the aid of a second welding filler material, and wherein the second welding filler material has a higher magnesium content than the first filler metal.
  • a welding pad is formed on the connection device with which the
  • Connection device rests on the heat exchanger block, the
  • Welding pad is integrally formed with the connection device, and wherein a buffer layer is welded onto the heat exchanger block, on which the connection device rests.
  • connection device preferably has a magnesium content of 3.5% to 5.5%, particularly preferably 4% to 5%.
  • the process plant can be, for example, a plant for air separation, for the production of liquid gas, a plant used in the petrochemical industry or the like.
  • the process plant can comprise a large number of such plate heat exchangers.
  • the first welding filler material preferably metallurgically, differs from the second
  • the first welding filler material has a
  • the second welding filler material preferably has a magnesium content of 4 to 5%.
  • the second welding filler material preferably has a magnesium content that is similar to the material of the connection device.
  • the welding pad provides a preferably linear support for the
  • connection device on the heat exchanger block With the help of the welding pad, the weld seam thickness of the second weld seam produced using the second welding filler material can be defined or specified.
  • the welding pad is preferably formed with the help of a reduction in the wall thickness of the connection device.
  • the first welding filler material is arranged between the second welding filler material and the fluid-facing side and thus separates the second welding filler material from the
  • the buffer layer can comprise a plurality of welding beads, preferably two welding beads.
  • the welding beads are preferably positioned side by side on the surface of the heat exchanger block.
  • the connection device is made with the aid of the first welding filler material and / or the second
  • Point 1 Method for manufacturing a plate heat exchanger (1) for a process plant (26), with the following steps:
  • connection device (9-18) which has a fluid-facing side (28) which faces a fluid (A-E) to be fed to or removed from the plate heat exchanger (1), and a fluid-facing side (29) which faces away from the fluid (A - E), c) welding (S3) the connection device (9-18) to the heat exchanger block (2) on the fluid-facing side (28) with the aid of a first welding filler material (37), and
  • Point 2 Method according to point 1, wherein the first welding filler material (37) has a magnesium content of less than 2%, and the second
  • Welding filler metal (39) has a magnesium content of more than 2%.
  • Point 3 Method according to point 1 or 2, wherein steps c) and d) are carried out from the side facing away from the fluid (29).
  • Point 4 Method according to one of the points 1-3, wherein in step c) a first weld seam (38) is formed with the aid of the first welding filler material (37), and in step d) one with the help of the second welding filler material (39) second weld seam (40) is formed, and wherein a cross-sectional area (A38) of the first weld seam (38) is smaller than a cross-sectional area (A40) of the second weld seam (40).
  • Point 5 Method according to one of the points 1-4, wherein in step c) the fluid-facing side (28) is tightly welded with the aid of the first welding filler material (37) in such a way that in step d) the first welding filler material (37) seals the second Separates filler metal (39) from the fluid-facing side (28).
  • Item 6 Method according to one of items 1-5, wherein a welding pad (30) is formed on the connecting device (9-18) before or during step b), with which the connecting device (9-18) before or during the step c) on the
  • Heat exchanger block (2) is placed.
  • Item 7 Method according to item 6, wherein the welding pad (30) is formed in one piece from the material with the connection device (9-18).
  • Item 8 Method according to item 6 or 7, the welding base (30) being formed with the aid of a reduction in the wall thickness (W) of the connection device (9-18).
  • Point 9 Method according to one of the points 1-8, wherein a buffer layer (41) is welded onto the heat exchanger block (2) during or after step a), onto which the connection device (9-18) before or during step c). is launched.
  • connection device (9-18) is welded to the buffer layer (41) with the aid of the first welding filler material (37) and / or in step d) the connection device (9 - 18) is welded to the buffer layer (41) with the aid of the second welding filler material (39).
  • Point 1 1 plate heat exchanger (1) for a process engineering system (26), with a heat exchanger block (2) and a connection device (9-18), which has a fluid-facing side (28) which is connected to the plate heat exchanger (1)
  • the connecting device (9-18) on the fluid-facing side (28) is welded to the heat exchanger block (2) with the aid of a first welding filler material (37), the connection device (9-18) being welded to the heat exchanger block (2) on the fluid-remote side (29) with the aid of a second welding filler material (39), and wherein the second filler metal (39) has a higher magnesium content than the first filler metal (37).
  • Point 12 plate heat exchanger according to point 11, the first
  • Welding filler material (37) has a magnesium content of less than 2%, and wherein the second welding filler material (39) has a magnesium content of more than 2%.
  • Item 13 Plate heat exchanger according to item 11 or 12, with the
  • Connection device (9-18) is formed onto a welding pad (30) with which the connection device (9-18) rests on the heat exchanger block (2).
  • Item 14 Plate heat exchanger according to one of items 11-13, the first welding filler material (37) being arranged between the second welding filler material (39) and the fluid-facing side (29) and thus the second
  • Point 15 plate heat exchanger according to one of points 11-14, a buffer layer (41) being welded onto the heat exchanger block (2), on which the
  • Connection device (9 - 18) rests.
  • FIG. 1 shows a schematic perspective view of an embodiment of a plate heat exchanger
  • FIG. 2 shows a schematic perspective view of an embodiment of a heat exchanger block for the plate heat exchanger according to FIG. 1;
  • Fig. 3 shows a greatly enlarged schematic partial sectional view of the
  • FIG. 4 shows the detailed view IV according to FIG. 3;
  • FIG. 5 again shows the detailed view IV according to FIG. 3;
  • FIG. 6 shows a schematic block diagram of an embodiment of a
  • FIG. 1 shows a schematic perspective view of an embodiment of a plate heat exchanger or plate heat exchanger 1.
  • FIG. 2 shows a schematic perspective view of an embodiment of a
  • the plate heat exchanger 1 is in particular a plate fin heat exchanger (PFHE) or can be referred to as such.
  • PFHE plate fin heat exchanger
  • the plate heat exchanger 1 is preferably constructed from components which are made of aluminum and brazed to one another.
  • the plate heat exchanger 1 can therefore also be referred to as a brazed aluminum plate heat exchanger.
  • the heat exchanger block 2 is cuboid or block-shaped and comprises a large number of passages or heating surface elements 3 and a large number of separating plates 4.
  • the heating surface elements 3 are so-called fins, in particular so-called heat transfer fins, or can be referred to as fins.
  • Heating surface elements 3 can be designed as corrugated or ribbed sheets, for example as aluminum sheets.
  • the partition plates 4 are partition plates or can be referred to as partition plates.
  • the partition plates 4 can also be made
  • the number of heating surface elements 3 and the number of partition plates 4 is arbitrary.
  • the heating surface elements 3 and the partition plates 4 are arranged alternately. That is, a partition plate 4 is positioned between two heating surface elements 3 and a heating surface element 3 is positioned between two partition plates 4.
  • the heating surface elements 3 and the partition plates 4 can be integrally connected to one another. In the case of integral connections, the connection partners are held together by atomic or molecular forces. Cohesive
  • connections are non-detachable connections that can only be separated from one another by destroying the connection means and / or the connection partner.
  • the heating surface elements 3 and the separating plates 4 can be soldered to one another.
  • the heat exchanger block 2 further comprises cover plates 5, 6, between which the plurality of heating surface elements 3 and the plurality of partition plates 4 are arranged.
  • the cover plates 5, 6 can be constructed identically to the partition plates 4.
  • the cover plates 5, 6 are on the outside on an outermost
  • Heating surface element 3 positioned and close the heat exchanger block 2 in the orientation of FIGS. 1 and 2 to the front and back. Furthermore, the
  • Heat exchanger block 2 so-called side bars or edge strips 7, 8, which are
  • Limit heating surface elements 3 laterally.
  • the edge strips 7, 8 can be integrally connected, for example soldered, to the separating plates 4 and / or the heating surface elements 3.
  • Plate heat exchanger 1 from a plurality of parallel heat transfer passages in which the fluids A to E can flow and can indirectly transfer heat to fluids A to E guided in adjacent heat transfer passages.
  • the individual heat transfer passages can be supplied with a respective fluid A to E with the aid of connection devices 9 to 18 or the respective fluid A to E can be guided away from the plate heat exchanger 1 with the aid of such a connection device 9 to 18.
  • the connection devices 9 to 18 are so-called headers or can be referred to as such.
  • Connection devices 9 to 18 can also be referred to as distributors.
  • connection devices 11, 13, 15 are suitable for the connection devices 11, 13, 15
  • Plate heat exchanger 1 to supply the fluids A, B, D, and the
  • Connection devices 9, 10, 12, 14 are suitable for discharging the fluids A, C, D, E from the plate heat exchanger 1.
  • Each connection device 9 to 18 is assigned a nozzle 19 to 25, with which the respective connection device 9 to 18 can be acted upon by the corresponding fluid A to E or that
  • connection devices 9 to 18 are integral with the connection devices 9 to 18.
  • Heat exchanger block 2 connected.
  • the connection devices 9 to 18 are welded to the heat exchanger block 2.
  • the plate heat exchanger 1 can be part of a process engineering system 26.
  • Process engineering system 26 can, for example, be a system for
  • the process engineering system 26 can comprise a plurality of such plate heat exchangers 1.
  • the components of the heat exchanger block 2 are preferably made of aluminum.
  • a high-magnesium aluminum alloy such as material 5083 (AIMg4.5MnO, 7) or a comparable material, is preferably used for the connection devices 9 to 18.
  • These high-magnesium aluminum alloys usually have a magnesium content of about 3.5% to 5.5%, often from 4 to 5%.
  • Aluminum alloys have high strength.
  • liquid metal embrittlement occurs particularly in the case of contact between a liquid metal, in this case mercury, and a structural material, in this case the aluminum alloy.
  • Welding area can change under the influence of welding heat
  • Grain boundaries form precipitates of the ⁇ phase. Stress corrosion cracking then occurs in the welding area, preferably along those with deposits Grain boundaries. The risk of this corrosion occurring in the welding area depends on the extent of the formation of the ß-phase and this in turn on the amount of heat introduced. Since the connection devices 9 to 18 have a relatively large wall thickness, a large amount of heat is usually required in the welding area due to the heat dissipation, which can lead to the elimination of the ⁇ phase. It is important to avoid this.
  • the heat exchanger block 2 comprises an outer surface or surface 27 to which the connection device 9 is attached.
  • the surface 27 can be a surface of the cuboidal heat exchanger block 2 pointing upwards in FIG. 2. However, the surface 27 can also be any other external surface of the heat exchanger block 2. 3 to 5, only the connection device 9 is shown. Below for the
  • connection device 9 described applies accordingly to the connection devices 10 to 18.
  • Heat exchanger block 2 provided.
  • the heating surface elements 3, the partition plates 4, the cover plates 5, 6 and the edge strips 7, 8 can be brazed to one another.
  • the connection device 9 becomes a
  • connection device 9 can be an extruded profile which is cut to the desired dimensions.
  • the connection device 9 comprises a fluid-facing side 28, which faces the fluid A during operation of the plate heat exchanger 1, and a fluid-facing side 29, which faces away from the fluid A. That is, the fluid-facing side 28 is wetted with the fluid A during operation of the plate heat exchanger 1, and the
  • connection device 9 comprises a semi-cylindrical or semi-tubular geometry.
  • connection device 9 can also have any other cross section.
  • the connection device 9 can also have any other cross section.
  • Connection device 9 may be rectangular or U-shaped in cross section. Before or when the connection device 9 is provided in step S2, a welding pad 30 (FIGS. 4 and 5) is molded onto the connection device 9. The welding pad 30 is formed in one piece with the connecting device 9.
  • “one-piece material” is to be understood to mean that the welding pad 30 and the connecting device 9 are formed as a one-piece component from the same material throughout. For example, the
  • Welding pad 30 are formed by milling the connection device 9. Furthermore, the welding pad 30 can also be made in one piece with the
  • Connection device can be produced as an extruded profile.
  • the welding pad 30 is preferably not subsequently, for example by a
  • the welding pad 30 is used to set a weld seam thickness of a weld seam to be explained below for welding the connection device 9 to the surface 27.
  • the welding pad 30 preferably does not protrude inward beyond the fluid-facing side 28.
  • connection device 9 lies with two others
  • a welding pad 30 is provided on each of the end sections 31, 32.
  • the welding pad 30 is formed in particular in that a wall thickness W (FIG. 4) of the
  • Connection device 9 is reduced in the region of the end sections 31, 32.
  • a slope 33 running in the direction of the fluid-facing side 28 is provided on the fluid-remote side 29 of the connection device 9.
  • the tip 36 can also be blunt or flattened.
  • the welding pad 30 comprises the bevel 33, the section 34, the bevel 35 and the tip 36. The welding pad 30 is thus thin-walled in relation to the wall thickness W of the connection device 9.
  • connection device 9 is first connected to the fluid on the side 28 with the aid of a first welding filler 37 Heat exchanger block 2 welded.
  • the first filler metal 37 is supplied, for example, as a wire from the side 29 facing away from the fluid.
  • a first weld seam 38 with a cross-sectional area A38 is thus formed.
  • the first weld seam 38 can be constructed from a plurality of weld layers or weld beads arranged one above the other.
  • Welding filler material 37 is tightly welded, so that the fluid-facing side 28 is welded to the surface 27 in a fluid-tight manner.
  • a step S4 the side 29 facing away from the fluid is now welded with the aid of a second welding filler 39 which differs in its metallurgical composition from the first welding filler 37.
  • the second filler material 39 is preferably also a wire from the
  • Welding filler material 39 is thus formed a second weld 40 which has a cross-sectional area A40.
  • the second weld seam 40 can in turn be constructed from a plurality of weld layers or weld beads arranged one above the other.
  • the first weld seam 38 is melted from the side 29 facing away from the fluid.
  • filler metal 39 does not reach the fluid-facing side 28.
  • the cross-sectional area A40 or a weld seam thickness of the second weld seam 40 is adjusted with the help of the welding pad 30
  • the cross-sectional area A40 of the second weld 40 is significantly larger than the cross-sectional area A38 of the first weld 38.
  • the filler metal 39 has a higher magnesium content than the first filler metal 37.
  • the first filler material 37 has a magnesium content of less than 2%
  • the second filler material 38 has a magnesium content of less than 2%
  • Welding filler material 39 has a magnesium content of more than 2%, in particular 4 to 5%.
  • the first welding filler material 37 can be, for example, the material ER4043.
  • the second filler metal 39 can be selected, for example, from the high magnesium materials ER5183, ER5356 or ER5556 (A).
  • the fluid-facing side 28 is welded so tightly with the aid of the first welding filler material 37, in particular, that in the subsequent step S4 the first welding filler material 37 seals the second
  • a buffer layer 41 (FIG. 5) is welded onto the heat exchanger block 2.
  • the buffer layer 41 serves to compensate for
  • the buffer layer 41 serves as a support for the welding pad 30.
  • the buffer layer 41 enables the connection device 9 with the welding pad 30 to be placed directly on the heat exchanger block 2 without a separately designed weld pool fuse, for example in the form of a Connection device 9 welded metal strip is required.
  • the buffer layer 41 preferably comprises two parallel to one another and
  • welding beads 42, 43 arranged next to one another.
  • the welding beads 42, 43 preferably contact one another. More than two welding beads 42, 43 can also be provided.
  • Buffer layer 41 are welded.
  • the second filler material 39 is also welded to the buffer layer 41. With the aid of the buffer layer 41, unevenness in the surface 27 of the heat exchanger block 2 can be compensated for.
  • the buffer layer 41 can preferably be made from a third welding filler material 44.
  • the third filler material 44 can be supplied as a wire.
  • the third filler material 44 is optional. In the event that the third filler material 44 is used to produce the buffer layer 41, this can have a magnesium content of less than 2%, preferably less than 1%, and / or a silicon content of greater than or equal to 2.5%, by one Avoid cracking in the area of the buffer layer 41.
  • the buffer layer 41 can also be manufactured without an additional welding filler material. In the event that the buffer layer 41 is welded onto the heat exchanger block 2 without a filler metal, the buffer layer 41 is produced with the aid of melting or remelting the material of the heat exchanger block 2 or the surface 27.
  • connection device 9 a high-strength and high-magnesium aluminum material can be used. However, due to the two-stage welding process, this high-magnesium aluminum material is also resistant to the formation of

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Materials Engineering (AREA)
  • Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • Metallurgy (AREA)
  • Organic Chemistry (AREA)
  • Thermal Sciences (AREA)
  • General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Plasma & Fusion (AREA)
  • Arc Welding In General (AREA)

Abstract

L'invention concerne un procédé de fabrication d'un échangeur de chaleur à plaques (1) destiné à une installation technique (26), comprenant les étapes suivantes : a) préparation (S1) d'un bloc (2) échangeur de chaleur, b) préparation (S2) d'un dispositif de raccordement (9-18) qui comprend un côté (28) faisant face au fluide qui fait face à un fluide (A-E) à introduire dans l'échangeur de chaleur à plaques (1) ou à l'en évacuer, et un côté (29) opposé au fluide qui est opposé au fluide (A-E), c) soudage (S3) du dispositif de raccordement (9-18) au bloc (2) échangeur de chaleur sur le côté (28) faisant face au fluide au moyen d'un premier matériau d'apport (37), d) et soudage (S4) du dispositif de raccordement (9-18) au bloc (2) échangeur de chaleur sur le côté (29) opposé au fluide au moyen d'un second matériau d'apport (39), le second matériau d'apport (39) présentant une teneur en magnésium plus élevée que celle du premier matériau d'apport (37). Un support de soudage (30) au moyen duquel le dispositif de raccordement (9-18) est placé sur le bloc (2) échangeur de chaleur avant ou pendant l'étape c) est formé sur le dispositif de raccordement (9-18) avant ou pendant l'étape b), le support de soudage (30) étant réalisé d'un seul tenant avec le dispositif de raccordement (9-18). Une couche tampon (41) sur laquelle le dispositif de raccordement (9-18) est placé avant ou pendant l'étape c) est soudée sur le bloc (2) échangeur de chaleur pendant ou après l'étape a).
PCT/EP2019/025331 2018-10-09 2019-10-07 Procédé de fabrication d'un échangeur de chaleur à plaques et échangeur de chaleur à plaques WO2020074119A1 (fr)

Applications Claiming Priority (2)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
EP18020487 2018-10-09
EP18020487.7 2018-10-09

Publications (1)

Publication Number Publication Date
WO2020074119A1 true WO2020074119A1 (fr) 2020-04-16

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Cited By (1)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
DE102020005113A1 (de) 2020-08-20 2022-02-24 Daimler Ag Bauteilanordnung für einen Kraftwagen und Verfahren zum Herstellen einer solchen Bauteilanordnung

Citations (5)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US20020015857A1 (en) 2000-06-28 2002-02-07 Kabushiki Kaisha Kobe Seiko Sho. Welding construction and heat exchanger using the welding construction
US20050029242A1 (en) * 2001-11-22 2005-02-10 Christian Bonnet Brazed copper heat exchangers and method for making same by welding
US20150345876A1 (en) * 2012-12-26 2015-12-03 Sumitomo Precision Products Co., Ltd. Heat exchanger
WO2016138987A1 (fr) * 2015-03-02 2016-09-09 Linde Aktiengesellschaft Procédé de fabrication d'un échangeur de chaleur à plaques
US20160319399A1 (en) * 2014-01-10 2016-11-03 Uacj Corporation Cladded aluminum-alloy material and production method therefor, and heat exchanger using said cladded aluminum-alloy material and production method therefor

Patent Citations (5)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US20020015857A1 (en) 2000-06-28 2002-02-07 Kabushiki Kaisha Kobe Seiko Sho. Welding construction and heat exchanger using the welding construction
US20050029242A1 (en) * 2001-11-22 2005-02-10 Christian Bonnet Brazed copper heat exchangers and method for making same by welding
US20150345876A1 (en) * 2012-12-26 2015-12-03 Sumitomo Precision Products Co., Ltd. Heat exchanger
US20160319399A1 (en) * 2014-01-10 2016-11-03 Uacj Corporation Cladded aluminum-alloy material and production method therefor, and heat exchanger using said cladded aluminum-alloy material and production method therefor
WO2016138987A1 (fr) * 2015-03-02 2016-09-09 Linde Aktiengesellschaft Procédé de fabrication d'un échangeur de chaleur à plaques

Cited By (1)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
DE102020005113A1 (de) 2020-08-20 2022-02-24 Daimler Ag Bauteilanordnung für einen Kraftwagen und Verfahren zum Herstellen einer solchen Bauteilanordnung

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