WO2020073846A1 - 一种物流对象信息管理方法和系统 - Google Patents

一种物流对象信息管理方法和系统 Download PDF

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Publication number
WO2020073846A1
WO2020073846A1 PCT/CN2019/108949 CN2019108949W WO2020073846A1 WO 2020073846 A1 WO2020073846 A1 WO 2020073846A1 CN 2019108949 W CN2019108949 W CN 2019108949W WO 2020073846 A1 WO2020073846 A1 WO 2020073846A1
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Prior art keywords
information
logistics object
node
logistics
data block
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PCT/CN2019/108949
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English (en)
French (fr)
Inventor
张振华
周彬彬
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菜鸟智能物流控股有限公司
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Publication of WO2020073846A1 publication Critical patent/WO2020073846A1/zh

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    • G—PHYSICS
    • G06—COMPUTING; CALCULATING OR COUNTING
    • G06Q—INFORMATION AND COMMUNICATION TECHNOLOGY [ICT] SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR ADMINISTRATIVE, COMMERCIAL, FINANCIAL, MANAGERIAL OR SUPERVISORY PURPOSES; SYSTEMS OR METHODS SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR ADMINISTRATIVE, COMMERCIAL, FINANCIAL, MANAGERIAL OR SUPERVISORY PURPOSES, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • G06Q10/00—Administration; Management
    • G06Q10/08—Logistics, e.g. warehousing, loading or distribution; Inventory or stock management
    • G06Q10/083—Shipping
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G06—COMPUTING; CALCULATING OR COUNTING
    • G06K—GRAPHICAL DATA READING; PRESENTATION OF DATA; RECORD CARRIERS; HANDLING RECORD CARRIERS
    • G06K17/00—Methods or arrangements for effecting co-operative working between equipments covered by two or more of main groups G06K1/00 - G06K15/00, e.g. automatic card files incorporating conveying and reading operations
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G06—COMPUTING; CALCULATING OR COUNTING
    • G06K—GRAPHICAL DATA READING; PRESENTATION OF DATA; RECORD CARRIERS; HANDLING RECORD CARRIERS
    • G06K17/00—Methods or arrangements for effecting co-operative working between equipments covered by two or more of main groups G06K1/00 - G06K15/00, e.g. automatic card files incorporating conveying and reading operations
    • G06K17/0022—Methods or arrangements for effecting co-operative working between equipments covered by two or more of main groups G06K1/00 - G06K15/00, e.g. automatic card files incorporating conveying and reading operations arrangements or provisious for transferring data to distant stations, e.g. from a sensing device
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G06—COMPUTING; CALCULATING OR COUNTING
    • G06K—GRAPHICAL DATA READING; PRESENTATION OF DATA; RECORD CARRIERS; HANDLING RECORD CARRIERS
    • G06K7/00—Methods or arrangements for sensing record carriers, e.g. for reading patterns
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G06—COMPUTING; CALCULATING OR COUNTING
    • G06Q—INFORMATION AND COMMUNICATION TECHNOLOGY [ICT] SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR ADMINISTRATIVE, COMMERCIAL, FINANCIAL, MANAGERIAL OR SUPERVISORY PURPOSES; SYSTEMS OR METHODS SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR ADMINISTRATIVE, COMMERCIAL, FINANCIAL, MANAGERIAL OR SUPERVISORY PURPOSES, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • G06Q10/00—Administration; Management
    • G06Q10/08—Logistics, e.g. warehousing, loading or distribution; Inventory or stock management
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G06—COMPUTING; CALCULATING OR COUNTING
    • G06Q—INFORMATION AND COMMUNICATION TECHNOLOGY [ICT] SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR ADMINISTRATIVE, COMMERCIAL, FINANCIAL, MANAGERIAL OR SUPERVISORY PURPOSES; SYSTEMS OR METHODS SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR ADMINISTRATIVE, COMMERCIAL, FINANCIAL, MANAGERIAL OR SUPERVISORY PURPOSES, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • G06Q10/00—Administration; Management
    • G06Q10/10—Office automation; Time management
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G06—COMPUTING; CALCULATING OR COUNTING
    • G06Q—INFORMATION AND COMMUNICATION TECHNOLOGY [ICT] SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR ADMINISTRATIVE, COMMERCIAL, FINANCIAL, MANAGERIAL OR SUPERVISORY PURPOSES; SYSTEMS OR METHODS SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR ADMINISTRATIVE, COMMERCIAL, FINANCIAL, MANAGERIAL OR SUPERVISORY PURPOSES, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • G06Q10/00—Administration; Management
    • G06Q10/10—Office automation; Time management
    • G06Q10/103—Workflow collaboration or project management
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G06—COMPUTING; CALCULATING OR COUNTING
    • G06Q—INFORMATION AND COMMUNICATION TECHNOLOGY [ICT] SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR ADMINISTRATIVE, COMMERCIAL, FINANCIAL, MANAGERIAL OR SUPERVISORY PURPOSES; SYSTEMS OR METHODS SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR ADMINISTRATIVE, COMMERCIAL, FINANCIAL, MANAGERIAL OR SUPERVISORY PURPOSES, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • G06Q30/00—Commerce
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02P—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES IN THE PRODUCTION OR PROCESSING OF GOODS
    • Y02P90/00—Enabling technologies with a potential contribution to greenhouse gas [GHG] emissions mitigation
    • Y02P90/30—Computing systems specially adapted for manufacturing

Definitions

  • This application relates to the field of logistics, and in particular to a method and system for information management of logistics objects.
  • some customs also use pre-declaration systems to improve the efficiency of cargo clearance verification.
  • a third party for example: a logistics carrier
  • an embodiment of the present invention provides a logistics object information management method and system to solve the problems in the prior art.
  • an embodiment of the present application discloses a logistics object information management method, including:
  • an embodiment of the present invention also proposes a logistics object information management method, which is applied to the first client, and the method includes the following steps:
  • an embodiment of the present invention also proposes a logistics object information management method, which is applied to the second client.
  • the method includes the following steps:
  • the operation performed on the logistics object is determined according to the characteristic attribute of the logistics object
  • an embodiment of the present invention also provides a logistics object information management method, which is applied to a third client, and the method includes the following steps:
  • an embodiment of the present invention also provides a logistics object information management system, including:
  • a logistics object information management system includes an electronic tag, a first processing device, a second processing device, and a distributed database, where:
  • the distributed database includes a first node and a second node
  • the electronic tag is associated with a logistics object, and the electronic tag stores logistics object information
  • the first processing device is used to upload the logistics object information to the data block of the first node of the distributed database
  • the second processing device is used to obtain the logistics object information from the data block of the first node, determine the operation on the logistics object, and detect and execute the logistics object through the electronic tag After the corresponding first operation, the declaration information generated according to the logistics object information and / or the first operation information generated by performing the first operation is written into the data block of the second node of the distributed database.
  • an embodiment of the present invention also provides a distributed database, including
  • the first node including a data block, is used to store logistics object information associated with the logistics object uploaded by the first client;
  • the second node including a data block, is used to store address information of the first node, declaration information generated based on the logistics object information uploaded by the second client, and / or logistics object association uploaded by the second client First operation information.
  • an embodiment of the present invention also provides a terminal device, including:
  • One or more processors are One or more processors.
  • One or more machine-readable media having instructions stored thereon, when executed by the one or more processors, causes the terminal device to perform the method as described above.
  • an embodiment of the present invention further proposes one or more machine-readable media on which instructions are stored, which when executed by one or more processors, cause the terminal device to perform the above method.
  • the embodiments of the present application include the following advantages:
  • the embodiment of the present invention proposes a logistics object information management method and system.
  • the logistics service provider Before the sender delivers the item to the logistics service provider, the logistics service provider can verify the item through the distributed ledger. , The seller unpacks and inspects when handing over, abnormal items are intercepted in time, and the results are written to the electronic label in real time, the item is terminated; the abnormal item is fulfilled, and the declaration information is improved to the distributed database, reducing the logistics provider's own complex security Cost and purposeless inspection.
  • the customs can already see the distribution of risky goods in real time.
  • they reach the customs organization they can quickly clear the non-risk goods; for the risky goods, they are quickly located at the item level, and inspections have been arranged
  • Personnel and equipment do not affect other items, improve the efficiency of inspection and supervision, and write electronic tags to the results of customs clearance and inspection, and synchronize to distributed databases.
  • the scheme of the invention improves the inspection efficiency and reduces the risk.
  • FIG. 1 is a schematic diagram of a system according to an embodiment of the invention.
  • FIG. 2 shows an overall flowchart of an embodiment of the invention.
  • FIG. 3 is a flowchart showing the steps of the first embodiment of the logistics object information management method of the present invention.
  • FIG. 4 is a schematic diagram of the distributed database of the present invention.
  • FIG. 5 is a flowchart showing the steps of the second embodiment of the logistics object information management method of the present invention.
  • FIG. 6 is a flowchart showing the steps of the third embodiment of the logistics object information management method of the present invention.
  • FIG. 7 is a flowchart showing the steps of the fourth embodiment of the logistics object information management method of the present invention.
  • FIG. 8 is a block diagram of a logistics object information management system according to an embodiment of the invention.
  • FIG. 9 schematically shows a block diagram of a terminal device for performing the method according to the present invention.
  • FIG. 10 schematically shows a storage unit for holding or carrying program code implementing the method according to the present invention.
  • the first embodiment of the present invention proposes a logistics object information management method.
  • FIG. 1 it is a relationship between multiple participants and the relationship between the participants during the cross-border management of logistics objects (for example: parcels) in an embodiment.
  • FIG. 2 is a flowchart of a logistics object information management method according to an embodiment.
  • the participants of the logistics object information management method proposed by the present invention are three participants: a logistics object issuer 10, a logistics provider 20, and a customs 30.
  • the logistics object For a logistics object to be sent (for example: goods), the logistics object is, for example, a logistics object that needs to be sent, such as goods or other packages.
  • the seller or the warehouse manager who stores the seller ’s goods delivers the goods.
  • the terminal of the logistics object issuer 10 (for example, a handheld terminal or a computer terminal) writes the logistics object information related to the logistics object in the order into the electronic label, and binds the electronic label to the logistics object, for example, it is pasted on the packaging of the logistics object On, ready to send out logistics.
  • the logistics object issuer 10 uses the terminal to send the logistics object information to the remote distributed database 100 through the Internet or the like.
  • the logistics object information can include transaction information, logistics information, logistics object attribute information, etc. related to the logistics object, for example, the transaction information can include the transaction time, trading platform, order number, etc .; the logistics object attribute information can include the logistics object type, the number of logistics objects , Logistics object name, brand; logistics information can include logistics bill number, logistics object weight, logistics object volume, number, logistics platform and other content.
  • the transaction information can include the transaction time, trading platform, order number, etc .
  • the logistics object attribute information can include the logistics object type, the number of logistics objects , Logistics object name, brand
  • logistics information can include logistics bill number, logistics object weight, logistics object volume, number, logistics platform and other content.
  • the logistics provider 20 is, for example, a logistics carrier that provides various logistics services. After the logistics object issuer 10 sends the logistics object, and before the logistics object reaches the warehouse or distribution point of the logistics provider 20, the logistics provider 20 can already read the delivered logistics object information in advance through the distributed database 100. According to the logistics object information, the risk level of the logistics object can be predicted. For example, if it is judged that the risk level is high, then unpacking inspection; if it is judged that the risk level is low or no risk, it can be sorted out directly.
  • the logistics provider 20 can use the terminal to read the logistics object information from the electronic tag.
  • a logistics object is a logistics object with a high risk level judged in advance
  • it can be opened for inspection.
  • it can be passed.
  • the operation information generated for the operation of the logistics object described above can be written into the electronic tag by the terminal of the logistics provider 20 and uploaded to the distributed database 100 at the same time, which is associated with the original logistics object information.
  • the operation information may be the unpacking inspection operation information for the logistics object, for example, including the inspection status (unpacked inspection, unpacked inspection), inspection items (for example, the inventory is counted for the quantity, the type is verified, etc.), inspection Results (no risk, risk, no underreporting, underreporting, etc.).
  • inspection status unpacked inspection, unpacked inspection
  • inspection items for example, the inventory is counted for the quantity, the type is verified, etc.
  • inspection Results no risk, risk, no underreporting, underreporting, etc.
  • the logistics provider 20 may further modify the logistics object information to improve the declaration information. For example, modify the types of logistics objects, add Hscode developed by the International Customs Council and so on.
  • the customs 30 can already read the delivered logistics object information in advance through the distributed database 100.
  • the risk level of the logistics object is predicted in advance.
  • the risk level of the logistics object can be predicted in advance according to the operation information uploaded by the logistics provider 20. For example, if it is judged that the risk level is high, then unpacking inspection; if it is judged that the risk level is low or no risk, the customs clearance can be released directly.
  • the method by which the customs 30 determines the risk level and the basis of the logistics provider 20 may be the same or different.
  • the customs 30 can use the terminal to read the logistics object information and the operation information of the logistics provider 20 from the electronic tag.
  • a logistics object is a logistics object with high risk level judged in advance, it can be Unpacking inspection.
  • a logistics object is a logistics object with a low risk level or no risk, it can be directly cleared.
  • the operation information generated by the operation on the logistics object described above can be written into the electronic tag by the terminal of the customs 30 and uploaded to the distributed database 100 to be associated with the original logistics object information.
  • the above-mentioned electronic tag is an RFID tag.
  • the RFID tag is a radio frequency sensor embedded in the package, which is used to mark the package and carry information such as declaration and fulfillment.
  • the terminals of the logistics object issuer 10, the logistics provider 20 and the customs 30 can be RFID reading and writing devices.
  • the RFID reading and writing device is mainly used on the fulfillment nodes of the logistics object issuer 10, the logistics provider 20 and the customs 30 for identification Package information and real-time reading of logistics object information and operation information are written into RFID tags and / or distributed databases.
  • mobile and fixed reading and writing devices can be used.
  • the mobile type includes a handheld scanner.
  • a fixed reading head and other existing RFID reading and writing devices are arranged.
  • the electronic tag may also be another tag that supports near-field identification and can read and write data, and details are not described herein again.
  • the feature in the distributed database is that the data of the various process nodes of the logistics object issuer 10 to the logistics provider 20, and then to the customs 30 are concatenated as a data link and stored in the distributed database, each node Contains the declaration information and operation information of the package, and the data block of each node is linked to the previous block by storing the hash value of the previous block to form a chain structure, so each logistics is recorded in the distributed database
  • the logistics object information and operation information of the object from its creation to the current moment have solved the problem of information forgery.
  • the aforementioned chain structure may be a chain structure formed according to the fulfillment order of logistics.
  • the distributed database can record that the current position of the item has been transferred to the logistics provider, and the logistics provider ’s
  • the terminal operation of the electronic label sends a request to create a new node to the distributed database; the distributed database first obtains the information of the previous data block of the item, obtains the hash value of the block, and adds the operation behavior and operation time of the logistics provider Wait for the data to construct a new data block. After that, the distributed database writes and broadcasts the constructed new data block to other nodes synchronously through the competition principle.
  • the embodiment of the present invention proposes a logistics object information management method.
  • the logistics provider can verify the logistics object through the distributed ledger.
  • the risky logistics objects have been sensed in advance, the seller unpacked and checked when the handover, abnormal items were intercepted in time, and the results were written to the electronic label in real time, the logistics objects were terminated; the logistics objects without exceptions were fulfilled, and the declaration information was improved to the distributed database , Reducing the logistics provider's own complex security inspection costs and purposeless inspection.
  • the customs can already see the distribution of risky goods in real time.
  • the scheme of the invention improves the inspection efficiency and reduces the risk.
  • FIG. 3 is a flowchart of the logistics object information management method of the first embodiment. As shown in FIG. 3, the method includes the following steps:
  • the logistics object to be sent through the logistics channel Relevant information has been determined, such as logistics object attribute information, such as product name, SKU information, origin, etc., transaction information, such as amount, quantity, etc., logistics provider information, such as name, qualification, time, etc.
  • logistics object attribute information such as product name, SKU information, origin, etc.
  • transaction information such as amount, quantity, etc.
  • logistics provider information such as name, qualification, time, etc.
  • the client of the logistics object issuer includes, for example, a processing device that can perform read and write operations on the electronic tag.
  • the processing device may write the logistics object information related to the logistics object in the electronic tag, and bind the electronic tag to the logistics object.
  • the processing device can also upload the logistics object information to the distributed database.
  • the content to be written can be constructed based on the logistics object information, and after the construction is completed, it is stored in the data block of the first node of the distributed database according to the storage rules of the distributed database.
  • Figure 4 shows a schematic diagram of a distributed database.
  • the distributed database may include N nodes, and each node may include a data block for storage and a calculation block for calculation.
  • the data block of each node stores the address information of the previous node, such as the address hash value, that is, the address information processed by the hash algorithm.
  • the node's data block can also store random numbers for verification, as well as logistics object information and subsequent operation information generated by logistics object operations.
  • S1003 Acquire the logistics object information from the data block of the first node, and determine a first operation for the logistics object;
  • the logistics provider can already obtain the logistics object information from the data block of the first node, determine the risk of the logistics object in advance, and thus predetermine the logistics object operating.
  • the logistics object information of the logistics object includes flammable and explosive logistics objects, logistics objects whose amount exceeds the customs duty-free limit, too many similar logistics objects, logistics objects with signs or contents that violate public order and good customs, come from a certain For a logistics object of a trading platform with a low credibility, etc., it can be considered that an unpacking inspection should be carried out to confirm whether the information of the logistics object declared by the sender is correct and whether it should be sent.
  • Operations on logistics objects may include, for example, checking, releasing, and improving logistics object information.
  • the inspection operation is, for example, an unpacking inspection performed when it is detected in advance that the logistics object is a high-risk item.
  • the release operation is, for example, a release operation performed when it is detected in advance that the logistics object is a low-risk logistics object or a non-risk logistics object.
  • the operation of perfecting logistics object information is, for example, to modify the declared logistics object information after the inspection is completed or before and after release, for example, to perform standardized processing or supplement to meet the requirements of the customs.
  • step S1003 the solution proposed in this embodiment of the present invention may further include steps:
  • S1004 Generate first operation information for the first operation.
  • the first operation information generated by the operation of the logistics provider may include operations such as unpacking detection, release, and modification of logistics object information.
  • the content of the first operation information may be operation time, operation content, and detected logistics object content.
  • the first operation information generated by the operation of the customs may include operations such as unpacking detection and customs clearance, and the content of the first operation information may also be operation time, operation content, and detected logistics object content.
  • the operation information can be edited or directly generated by the second client of the logistics provider or the third client of the customs, and will not be repeated here.
  • step S1003 the solution proposed in this embodiment of the present invention may further include steps:
  • S1005 Acquire the address information of the first node and determine the data block of the second node.
  • the data block of the second node in order to construct the data block of the second node, you can obtain the address information of the first node, and write the acquired logistics object information and operation information together with the address information of the first node into the second node.
  • Data block Since the data of each process node from the logistics object issuer to the logistics provider and then to the customs are concatenated as a data link and stored in the distributed database, the data block of each block in the distributed database is stored by the previous The address hash value of the block is connected with the previous block to form a chain structure, which can achieve decentralized storage and prevent the logistics object information from being forged.
  • the step of acquiring the address information of the data block of the first node and determining the data block of the second node may include the following sub-steps:
  • the calculation block of one of the multiple nodes calculates the hash value corresponding to the address information at the earliest
  • the other nodes no longer calculate and the data block corresponding to the first calculated node
  • the data block of the second node of the node (which may become the second node) may include a hash value corresponding to the address information of the data block of the first node.
  • step S1003 it may further include:
  • the logistics object before the logistics object is delivered to the logistics provider, the logistics object can be determined in advance based on the logistics object information downloaded from the data block of the first node by the second client (for example, the logistics provider's client) What needs to be done.
  • the corresponding operation can be performed. After performing the corresponding operation, it can be written into the data block of the second node of the distributed database.
  • the data block of the second node may include logistics object information downloaded in the data block of the first node or modified logistics object information, and / or the first operation information generated by the above operations, such as operation time and operation content , Content of detected items, etc.
  • the address information of the data block of the first node may also be included.
  • the address information of the data block of the first node may be a hash value after the hash processing of the storage address of the data block of the first node, and details are not described herein again.
  • the logistics provider can modify the logistics object information after opening the box or if the logistics object does not need to be detected and can be released directly, for example, to complete the declaration information work, modify or add the product name, increase the HScode Wait.
  • the declaration information may be written into the data block of the second node of the distributed database together with the first operation information generated by performing the first operation.
  • the method may further include:
  • S1007 Write the declaration information generated according to the logistics object information and the first operation information generated by performing the first operation into the electronic tag.
  • the application of the second client of the logistics provider can write the logistics object declaration information and operation information written in the data block of the second node into the electronic tag, so that the information in the distributed database is The information in the electronic tag is synchronized.
  • the method may further include the following steps:
  • S1008 Obtain the declaration information and / or first operation information, and determine the second operation for the logistics object;
  • the customs can already obtain the declaration information in the logistics object information from the data block of the second node, and / or, pre-determine the logistics for the operation information of the logistics object The risk of the object, thereby pre-determining the operation of the logistics object.
  • the logistics object information includes flammable and explosive logistics objects, logistics objects whose amount exceeds the customs duty-free limit, too many similar logistics objects, etc., logistics objects with signs or contents that violate public order and good customs, and come from a certain reputation
  • an unpacking check should be carried out to confirm whether the logistics object information declared by the logistics object sender and logistics provider is correct and should be sent.
  • Operations on logistics objects may include inspection, customs clearance, etc., for example.
  • the inspection operation is, for example, an unpacking inspection performed when it is detected in advance that the logistics object is a high-risk item.
  • the customs clearance operation is, for example, a release operation performed when it is previously detected that the logistics object is a low-risk logistics object or a non-risk logistics object.
  • the method may further include the following steps:
  • the logistics object information and / or the logistics provider may download the data from the data block of the second node according to the third client (for example, the client of the customs).
  • the operation information of the logistics object to judge the operation to be performed on the logistics object in advance.
  • the corresponding operation can be performed. After performing the corresponding operation, it can be written into the data block of the third node of the distributed database.
  • the data block of the third node is a data storage node in the third node of the distributed database.
  • multiple nodes of the distributed database obtain the address information in the second node, and calculate the hash value corresponding to the address information through the calculation block of the node, when one of the nodes first calculates the hash value corresponding to the address information
  • the hash value corresponding to the address information of the second node may be stored in the data block of the third node.
  • the data block of the third node may also include item information downloaded in the data block of the second node or modified item information, and operation information generated by the above operations, such as operation time, operation content, Content of detected items, etc.
  • the method may further include:
  • S1010 Write declaration information generated according to the logistics object information and / or second operation information generated by performing the second operation into the electronic tag.
  • the application program of the third client of the customs can write the logistics information written in the data block of the third node and / or the second operation information corresponding to the second operation performed by the customs into the electronic tag to Synchronize the information in the distributed database with the information in the electronic tag.
  • the step S1003, that is, obtaining the logistics object information from the data block of the first node, and determining the operation for the logistics object may include the following sub-steps:
  • S10033 Determine the operation to be performed on the logistics object according to the risk level.
  • the second client can download the logistics object information from the data block of the first node, and determine the content that needs to be operated before the logistics object reaches the logistics provider.
  • the risk level may be determined according to the logistics object information, for example, high risk or low risk.
  • the corresponding operation may be determined according to the risk level. For example, for the logistics object with the logistics ID ID001, you need to perform the unpacking inspection operation; for the logistics object with the logistics ID ID002, you need to perform the operation of supplementary declaration information, and so on.
  • the step of determining the operation performed on the logistics object according to the risk level includes:
  • the second level is higher than the first level.
  • the performed operations can be divided into related operations that pass and related operations that are verified.
  • the risk level may include a slightly lower first level and a slightly higher second level.
  • the passing operation includes one of logistics passing operation and customs clearance operation; the checking operation includes one of logistics checking operation and customs inspection operation.
  • the electronic tag may be a radio frequency identification tag, or an NFC (Near Field Identification) tag, etc., as long as it can realize electronic reading and writing, and the invention is not limited.
  • NFC Near Field Identification
  • the embodiment of the present invention proposes a logistics object information management method.
  • the logistics provider can verify the logistics object through the distributed ledger. Risky items have been sensed in advance, the seller unpacked and checked when handing over, abnormal logistics objects were intercepted in time, and the results were written into electronic tags in real time, the logistics objects were terminated; the logistics objects without exceptions were fulfilled, and the declaration information was improved to the distributed database , Reducing the logistics provider's own complex security inspection costs and purposeless inspection.
  • the customs can already see the distribution of risky logistics objects in real time.
  • the inspection personnel and equipment have already been arranged, without affecting other logistics objects, improving the efficiency of inspection and supervision, and writing electronic tags to the results of customs clearance and inspection and synchronizing to the distributed database.
  • the scheme of the invention improves the inspection efficiency and reduces the risk.
  • the logistics object information management method proposed in this embodiment includes at least the following advantages:
  • a distributed database is used to store logistics object information and operation information of logistics objects, and the logistics object information and / or data of the previous data block are obtained at each node (logistics provider, customs, etc.) Or manipulate the information and construct a new storage data block. After that, the distributed database writes and broadcasts the constructed new data block to other nodes synchronously through the competition principle.
  • the distributed database uses the idea of blockchain avoids information tampering and improves information security.
  • each node modifies the information, it can use the security means such as the key and the method of protocol verification. On the one hand, it is confirmed by the key that the writer is legal, on the other hand, the writer who obtained the key will also Write verification information to determine whether the electronic tag is legal and prevent the risk of being replaced.
  • FIG. 5 is a flowchart of the logistics object information management method of the second embodiment. As shown in FIG. 5, the method includes The following steps:
  • the logistics object information has been determined, such as the logistics object attribute information, such as product name, SKU information, origin, etc., transaction information, such as amount, quantity, etc., logistics provider information, such as name, qualification, time, etc.
  • Related logistics object information can be obtained, edited, and stored by the first client (for example, the client of the logistics object issuer).
  • the application program of the first client of the issuer of the logistics object may be associated with the trading platform to obtain the logistics object information of the trading platform and perform operations.
  • the logistics object information obtained by the first client can be written into the electronic tag.
  • the electronic tag may be a radio frequency identification tag or the like, which can store information and be attached to a logistics object or its packaging for subsequent reading and writing.
  • the distributed database includes a first node and a second node, and the data block of the second node stores the address information of the first node and the declaration information generated based on the logistics object information.
  • the processing device in the first client can also upload the logistics object information to the distributed database.
  • the content to be written can be constructed based on the logistics object information, and after the construction is completed, it is stored in the data block of the first node of the distributed database according to the storage rules of the distributed database.
  • the distributed database may include N blocks. Starting from the second block, each block stores the address data of the previous block, such as the address hash value, which is processed by the hash algorithm Address information.
  • the block can also store random numbers for verification, as well as logistics object information and subsequent operation information generated by logistics object operations.
  • the logistics object information is written into the electronic label and the distributed database, which can enable subsequent logistics providers and customs parties to receive the mail Before the logistics object, the logistics object information of the logistics object and / or the operation information for the logistics object can be read, and the declaration and supervision of each link can be realized in advance.
  • FIG. 6 is a flowchart of the logistics object information management method of the third embodiment. As shown in FIG. 6, the method includes The following steps:
  • the logistics provider can already obtain the logistics object information from the data block of the first node and analyze the logistics object information. For example, after the logistics object issuer uploads the logistics object information to the data block of the first node of the distributed database, the application program of the second client can issue a prompt to inform the operator that a package has been processed, and it is expected to arrive after N days Logistics Warehouse.
  • the risk of the logistics object can be pre-determined, so as to determine the operation of the logistics object in advance.
  • the logistics object information of the logistics object includes flammable and explosive logistics objects, logistics objects whose amount exceeds the customs duty-free allowance, too many similar logistics objects, etc., logistics objects with signs or contents that violate public order and good customs, It can be considered that logistics objects from a trading platform with a relatively low credibility should be unpacked to confirm whether the logistics object information declared by the sender is correct and whether it should be sent.
  • S203 When confirming the logistics object through the electronic label of the logistics object, determine a first operation performed on the logistics object according to a predetermined characteristic attribute;
  • the operations for the logistics objects may include, for example, checking, releasing, and improving the logistics object information.
  • the inspection operation is, for example, an unpacking inspection performed when it is detected in advance that the logistics object is a high-risk item.
  • the release operation is, for example, a release operation performed when it is detected in advance that the logistics object is a low-risk logistics object or a non-risk logistics object.
  • the operation of perfecting logistics object information is, for example, to modify the declared logistics object information after the inspection is completed or before and after release, for example, to perform standardized processing or supplement to meet the requirements of the customs.
  • S204 Write the declaration information generated according to the logistics object information and / or the first operation information generated by performing the first operation into the data block of the second node of the distributed database.
  • the logistics object before the logistics object is delivered to the logistics provider, the logistics object can be pre-judged based on the logistics object information downloaded from the data block of the first node by the second client (for example, the logistics provider's client) What needs to be done.
  • the logistics object After the logistics object is delivered, the corresponding operation can be performed. After performing the corresponding operation, it can be written into the data block of the second node of the distributed database.
  • the data block of the second node may include logistics object information downloaded from the data block of the first node, declaration information generated from the logistics object information or modified logistics object information, and operation information generated by the above operations, for example Operation time, operation content, detected item content, etc.
  • the address information of the first node may also be included.
  • the address information of the first node may be a hash value after the hash processing of the storage address of the first node, and details are not described herein again.
  • step S203 the step of determining the operation performed on the logistics object according to the risk level may include:
  • the second level is higher than the first level.
  • the performed operations can be divided into related operations that pass and related operations that are verified.
  • the risk level may include a slightly lower first level and a slightly higher second level.
  • the passing operation includes one of logistics passing operation and customs clearance operation; the checking operation includes one of logistics checking operation and customs inspection operation.
  • the passing operation includes a logistics passing operation and / or a declaration operation
  • the inspection operation includes a logistics inspection operation
  • the method may further include:
  • S205 Write the declaration information generated according to the logistics object information and / or the second operation information generated by performing the second operation into the electronic tag.
  • the application of the second client of the logistics provider can write the declaration information and operation information written into the data block of the second node into the distributed database, so that the information and electronic information in the distributed database
  • the information in the label is synchronized.
  • step S205 the declaration information generated according to the logistics object information and / or the second operation information generated by performing the second operation are written into the data area of the second node of the distributed database
  • the steps in the block may include the following sub-steps:
  • S2053 Write the address information of the first node, the declaration information, and / or the second operation information generated by performing the second operation into the data block of the second node of the distributed database.
  • the management unit of the distributed database obtains the address information of the first node and sends it to N computing nodes to perform hash calculation.
  • the competition mechanism when a computing node with the highest computing efficiency calculates the hash value of the address, it can write to the storage block corresponding to the computing node, and broadcast to notify other computing nodes to stop the calculation and stop writing to the corresponding storage block .
  • the first storage block into which the hash value is written is the data block of the second node.
  • declaration information can be generated based on the logistics object information, for example, the standardized Declaring categories, adding Hscode, etc., generating declaration information, and writing the declaration information and operation information for recording operations into the data block of the second node.
  • the declaration information and the operation information related to the operation performed on the logistics object are written into the electronic label and the distributed database, so that the subsequent customs Before receiving the delivered logistics object, the logistics object information, declaration information, and operation information for the logistics object can be read, and the declaration and supervision of each link can be implemented in advance based on the above information.
  • FIG. 7 is a flowchart of a logistics object information management method of the third embodiment. As shown in FIG. 7, the method includes The following steps:
  • the customs can already obtain the logistics object information and / or the first operation information for the logistics object from the data block of the second node, and can pre-determine the logistics object's Risk, thereby pre-determining the operation of the logistics object.
  • the logistics object information includes flammable and explosive logistics objects, logistics objects whose amount exceeds the customs duty-free limit, too many similar logistics objects, etc., logistics objects with signs or contents that violate public order and good customs, and come from a certain reputation
  • an unpacking check should be carried out to confirm whether the logistics object information declared by the logistics object sender and logistics provider is correct and should be sent.
  • the risk level of the logistics object can be determined from the logistics object information and / or the operation information for the logistics object, so as to determine the operation category of the logistics object.
  • the category of operations performed on high-risk logistics objects is unpacking inspection
  • the category of operations performed on low-risk logistics objects is release.
  • the operation category for the logistics object may be determined from a perspective other than the risk level.
  • the logistics object information of the logistics object includes flammable and explosive logistics objects, logistics objects whose amount exceeds the customs duty-free limit, too many similar logistics objects, logistics objects with signs or contents that violate public order and good customs, come from The logistics objects of a trading platform with low credibility, etc., can be regarded as the first operation category, and the customs should carry out unpacking inspection to confirm whether the declared logistics object information is correct and whether it should be cleared. When they do not belong to these types of logistics objects, they can be considered to belong to the second operation category and can perform customs clearance operations.
  • operations on logistics objects may include customs inspection, customs clearance, etc., for example.
  • the inspection operation is, for example, the unpacking inspection by the customs when the logistics object is detected as a high-risk logistics object in advance.
  • customs clearance is, for example, when the logistics object is detected as a low-risk logistics object in advance, the customs clearance operation is performed.
  • S304 Write the declaration information generated according to the logistics object information and / or the second operation information generated by performing the second operation into the data block of the third node of the distributed database.
  • the declaration information and / or the second operation information may be written into the data block of the third node of the distributed database.
  • the third data block may include logistics object information, declaration information or modified logistics object information downloaded from the data block of the second node, and / or second operation information generated by the above operations, such as operation time and operation Content, detected logistics object content, etc.
  • the address information of the third node may also be included.
  • the address information of the third node may be a hash value of the address information of the third node after hash processing, which is used to implement encryption, and details are not described herein again.
  • the method further includes:
  • S305 Write the declaration information generated according to the logistics object information and / or the second operation information generated by performing the second operation into the electronic tag.
  • the application of the third client of the customs can write the declaration information and / or the second operation information written in the data block of the third node into the electronic tag, so that the information in the distributed database The information in the electronic tag is synchronized.
  • step S303 the step of determining the operation performed on the logistics object according to the operation type may include the following sub-steps:
  • the performed operations can be divided into related operations that pass and related operations that are verified.
  • the passing operation includes a customs passing operation
  • the inspection operation includes a customs inspection operation.
  • step S305 the declaration information generated according to the logistics object information and / or the second operation information generated by performing the second operation are written into the data area of the third node of the distributed database
  • the steps in the block may include the following sub-steps:
  • S3052 Upload the address information of the second node, the declaration information, and / or second operation information generated by performing the second operation to a data block of the third node.
  • the management unit of the distributed database obtains the address information of the second node, and sends it to the calculation blocks of the N nodes to perform hash calculation.
  • the competition mechanism when the computing block of a node with the highest computing efficiency calculates the hash value of the address, the hash value can be written into the storage block of the node, and broadcast to notify other computing nodes to stop the calculation.
  • the first node to which the hash value is written is the third node.
  • the declaration information and the operation information for recording customs operations are written into the data block of the third node.
  • the article information and the operation information related to the operation performed on the article are written into the electronic label and the distributed database, which can facilitate the subsequent other links to be able to read the logistics.
  • the declaration information of the object and the operation information related to the operation carried out on the logistics object keep the information intact for subsequent analysis.
  • a fifth embodiment of the present invention proposes a logistics object information management system. As shown in FIG. 8, the system includes an electronic tag 21, a first processing device 22, a distributed database 23, and a second processing device 24:
  • the distributed database 23 includes a first node and a second node
  • the electronic tag 21 is associated with a logistics object, and the electronic tag stores logistics object information;
  • the first processing device 22 is used to upload the logistics object information to the data block of the first node of the distributed database
  • the second processing device 24 is used to obtain the logistics object information from the data block of the first node, determine the operation for the logistics object, and detect the logistics object through the electronic tag 21 And perform the corresponding second operation, write the declaration information generated according to the logistics object information and / or the first operation information generated by performing the second operation into the data block of the second node of the distributed database 23 .
  • first processing device 22 and the second processing device 24 there are a plurality of the first processing device 22 and the second processing device 24, for example, a client with an application installed.
  • These first processing devices 22 may be distributed at the issuer of the article, and the second processing devices 24 may be located at the logistics provider or the like.
  • Each of the first processing device 22 and the second processing device 24 can perform read and write operations on the electronic tag, and can upload the item information and operation information in the electronic tag to the distributed database 23.
  • the above system further includes a third processing device 25, configured to obtain the declaration information and / or the first operation information, determine the operation for the logistics object; and pass the electronic tag After detecting the logistics object and performing the corresponding second operation, write the declaration information and / or the second operation information generated by performing the second operation into the data block of the third node of the distributed database .
  • the second processing device 24 can also be used to modify the item information and write the modified item information into the electronic tag 21.
  • the client of the logistics provider can interact with the distributed database, obtain item information from the distributed database, and modify it in the application program, and then write it into the electronic tag 21.
  • the first and second processing devices are also used to write the operation information to the electronic tag.
  • the processing device of the issuer of the item, the logistics provider, and the customs can all write the operation information in the distributed database to the electronic tag to realize the synchronization of the information.
  • a sixth embodiment of the present invention provides a distributed database.
  • the distributed database includes:
  • the first node 31 includes a data block for storing item information associated with the item uploaded by the first client;
  • the second node 32 includes a data block for storing address information of the first node, declaration information generated based on the item information uploaded by the second client, and / or associated with items uploaded by the second client First operation information.
  • the distributed database further includes:
  • the third node 33 is configured to store the address information of the second node, store the declaration information, the first operation information uploaded by the second client, and / or the second operation information uploaded by the third client.
  • the data block of the second node also stores first address information of the first node; the data block of the third node also stores second address information of the second node.
  • the second node further includes a calculation block for calculating the hash value corresponding to the address information of the first node; the third node also includes a calculation block for calculating the address information corresponding to the second node Hash value.
  • the item information includes at least one of transaction information, item attribute information, and logistics information.
  • the first operation information includes one of a first inspection operation and a declaration operation; the second operation information includes a second inspection operation.
  • the distributed database may include N nodes.
  • the data block of each node may store the address information of the previous node, such as the address hash value, that is, after the hash algorithm Address information processed.
  • the node's data block can also store random numbers for verification, as well as item information and subsequent operation information generated by the operation on the item.
  • each block in the distributed database contains the item information and operation information of the item, and the data block of each block is linked to the previous block by storing the hash value of the previous block to form a chain Structure, the distributed database records all the declaration and performance records of each package from creation to the present, which solves the problem of information forgery.
  • the competition mechanism can also be used to solve the consistency problem.
  • the description is relatively simple, and the relevant part can be referred to the description of the method embodiment.
  • the terminal device may include an input device 90, a processor 91, an output device 92, a memory 93, and at least one communication bus 94.
  • the communication bus 94 is used to realize communication connection between elements.
  • the memory 93 may include a high-speed RAM memory, or may also include a non-volatile storage NVM, such as at least one disk memory, and the memory 93 may store various programs for performing various processing functions and implementing the method steps of this embodiment.
  • the processor 91 may be, for example, a central processing unit (CPU), application specific integrated circuit (ASIC), digital signal processor (DSP), digital signal processing device (DSPD), programmable logic A device (PLD), a field programmable gate array (FPGA), a controller, a microcontroller, a microprocessor, or other electronic components are implemented, and the processor 91 is coupled to the input device 90 and the output device 92 through a wired or wireless connection.
  • CPU central processing unit
  • ASIC application specific integrated circuit
  • DSP digital signal processor
  • DSPD digital signal processing device
  • PLD programmable logic A device
  • FPGA field programmable gate array
  • the input device 90 may include various input devices.
  • it may include at least one of a user-facing user interface, a device-oriented device interface, a software programmable interface, a camera, and a sensor.
  • the device-oriented device interface may be a wired interface used for data transmission between the device and the device, or may be a hardware plug-in interface used for data transmission between the device and the device (such as a USB interface, a serial port, etc.
  • the user-facing user interface may be, for example, a user-oriented control button, a voice input device for receiving voice input, and a touch-sensing device (such as a touch screen with touch sensing function, touch Control board, etc.);
  • the programmable interface of the above software may be an entrance for a user to edit or modify a program, such as an input pin interface or an input interface of the chip, etc .
  • the transceiver may have Communication function of RF transceiver chip, baseband processing chip and transceiver antenna, etc. Audio input devices such as microphones can receive voice data.
  • the output device 92 may include output devices such as a display and a sound.
  • the processor of the terminal device includes functions for executing the modules of the data processing apparatus in each device.
  • FIG. 10 is a schematic diagram of a hardware structure of a terminal device provided by another embodiment of this application.
  • FIG. 10 is a specific embodiment of FIG. 9 in the implementation process.
  • the terminal device of this embodiment includes a processor 101 and a memory 102.
  • the processor 101 executes the computer program code stored in the memory 102 to implement the logistics object information management method of FIGS. 1 to 5 in the foregoing embodiment.
  • the memory 102 is configured to store various types of data to support operation at the terminal device. Examples of these data include instructions for any application or method for operating on the terminal device, such as messages, pictures, videos, etc.
  • the memory 102 may include random access memory (RAM for short), or may also include non-volatile memory (non-volatile memory), for example, at least one disk memory.
  • the processor 101 is provided in the processing component 100.
  • the terminal device may further include: a communication component 103, a power component 104, a multimedia component 105, an audio component 106, an input / output interface 107, and / or a sensor component 108.
  • Components specifically included in the terminal device are set according to actual needs, and this embodiment is not limited thereto.
  • the processing component 100 generally controls the overall operation of the terminal device.
  • the processing component 100 may include one or more processors 101 to execute instructions to complete all or part of the steps of the above-described methods of FIG. 1 to FIG. 7.
  • the processing component 100 may include one or more modules to facilitate interaction between the processing component 100 and other components.
  • the processing component 100 may include a multimedia module to facilitate interaction between the multimedia component 105 and the processing component 100.
  • the power supply component 104 provides power to various components of the terminal device.
  • the power supply component 104 may include a power management system, one or more power supplies, and other components associated with generating, managing, and distributing power for terminal devices.
  • the multimedia component 105 includes a display screen that provides an output interface between the terminal device and the user.
  • the display screen may include a liquid crystal display (LCD) and a touch panel (TP). If the display screen includes a touch panel, the display screen may be implemented as a touch screen to receive input signals from the user.
  • the touch panel includes one or more touch sensors to sense touch, swipe, and gestures on the touch panel. The touch sensor may not only sense the boundary of the touch or sliding action, but also detect the duration and pressure related to the touch or sliding operation.
  • the audio component 106 is configured to output and / or input audio signals.
  • the audio component 106 includes a microphone (MIC), and when the terminal device is in an operation mode, such as a voice recognition mode, the microphone is configured to receive an external audio signal.
  • the received audio signal may be further stored in the memory 102 or transmitted via the communication component 103.
  • the audio component 106 further includes a speaker for outputting audio signals.
  • the input / output interface 107 provides an interface between the processing component 100 and a peripheral interface module.
  • the aforementioned peripheral interface module may be a click wheel, a button, or the like. These buttons may include, but are not limited to: volume buttons, start buttons, and lock buttons.
  • the sensor assembly 108 includes one or more sensors, which are used to provide various aspects of the terminal device status assessment.
  • the sensor component 108 can detect the open / closed state of the terminal device, the relative positioning of the components, the presence or absence of contact between the user and the terminal device.
  • the sensor assembly 108 may include a proximity sensor configured to detect the presence of nearby objects without any physical contact, including detecting the distance between the user and the terminal device.
  • the sensor assembly 108 may also include a camera and the like.
  • the communication component 103 is configured to facilitate wired or wireless communication between the terminal device and other devices.
  • the terminal device can access a wireless network based on a communication standard, such as WiFi, 2G, or 3G, or a combination thereof.
  • the terminal device may include a SIM card slot, and the SIM card slot is used to insert a SIM card, so that the terminal device can log in to the GPRS network and establish communication with the server through the Internet.
  • the communication component 103, the audio component 106, the input / output interface 107, and the sensor component 108 involved in the embodiment of FIG. 10 can all be used as the implementation of the input device in the embodiment of FIG.
  • An embodiment of the present application provides a terminal device, including: one or more processors; and one or more machine-readable media having instructions stored thereon, when executed by the one or more processors, such that The terminal device executes one or more methods described in the embodiments of the present application.

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Abstract

一种物流对象信息管理方法和系统。该方法包括：将物流对象关联的物流对象信息存储于电子标签中（S1001）；将所述物流对象信息上传至分布式数据库的第一节点的数据区块中（S1002）；从所述第一节点的数据区块中获取所述物流对象信息，确定针对所述物流对象的第一操作（S1003）；在通过所述电子标签检测到所述物流对象并执行对应的第一操作后，将根据所述物流对象信息生成的申报信息和/或执行所述第一操作产生的第一操作信息写入分布式数据库的第二节点的数据区块中（S1006）。上述方法对于有风险物品，能迅速定位到物品级别，提高查验和监管效率，减少了风险。

Description

一种物流对象信息管理方法和系统
本申请要求2018年10月08日递交的申请号为201811169508.9、发明名称为“一种物流对象信息管理方法和系统”的中国专利申请的优先权，其全部内容通过引用结合在本申请中。
技术领域
本申请涉及物流领域，特别是涉及一种物流对象信息管理方法和系统。
背景技术
目前，随着跨境电商的B2C贸易发展，各国消费者对于跨境物流时效和体验要求越来越高。但是，随着跨境货物指数级增长，海关在人员有限情况下，货物通关审核往往需要很长时间，使得货物通关效率大大降低；另外，由于申报信息和监管大多都是承载在纸质单据和面单上，极度依赖人工操作，因此存在大量的虚假和篡改风险，而且申报数据难以有效沉淀，无法在后续获得数据后进行统计分析。
针对上述问题，一些海关也通过预申报系统来提高货物通关审核效率，例如：飞机起飞前，第三方(例如：物流承运商)将货物装运信息通过电子方式传输给海关，海关可以提前审核，提前预判哪些货物存在异常；当飞机将货物运输至海关时，海关可以针对存在异常的货物进行抽检，其他货物可以直接放行，大大提高通关效率。
但是上述方式也存在一些问题，例如：由于是通过电子方式进行提前申报，这个过程中，申报数据容易被篡改，使得申报数据可信度大大降低，严重的会影响电商平台、物流承运商、海关之间的信任关系。
发明内容
鉴于上述问题，本发明一实施例提出一种物流对象信息管理方法和系统，以解决现有技术存在的问题。
为了解决上述问题，本申请一实施例公开一种物流对象信息管理方法，包括：
将物流对象关联的物流对象信息存储于电子标签中；
将所述物流对象信息上传至分布式数据库的第一节点的数据区块中；
从所述第一节点的数据区块中获取所述物流对象信息，确定针对所述物流对象的第一操作；
在通过所述电子标签检测到所述物流对象并执行对应的第一操作后，将根据所述物流对象信息生成的申报信息和/或执行所述第一操作产生的第一操作信息写入分布式数据库的第二节点的数据区块中。
鉴于上述问题，本发明一实施例还提出一种物流对象信息管理方法，应用于第一客户端，该方法包括如下步骤：
获取物流对象相关的物流对象信息；
将所述物流对象信息写入电子标签；
将所述物流对象信息上传至分布式数据库的第一节点的数据区块；其中所述分布式数据库中至少包含第一节点、第二节点，所述第二节点的数据区块中存储有第一节点的地址信息，以及根据所述物流对象信息产生的申报信息。
鉴于上述问题，本发明一实施例还提出一种物流对象信息管理方法，应用于第二客户端，该方法包括如下步骤：
从分布式数据库的第一节点的数据区块中获取物流对象相关的物流对象信息；
利用所述物流对象信息，确定所述物流对象的特征属性；
在通过所述物流对象的电子标签确认所述物流对象时，根据物流对象特征属性确定对所述物流对象执行的操作；
将根据所述物流对象信息生成的申报信息、和/或执行所述第一操作产生的第一操作信息写入分布式数据库的第二节点的数据区块中。
鉴于上述问题，本发明一实施例还提出一种物流对象信息管理方法，应用于第三客户端，该方法包括如下步骤：
从分布式数据库的第二节点的数据区块中获取物流对象相关的申报信息和/或针对所述物流对象的第一操作信息；
利用所述申报信息和/或针对所述物流对象的第一操作信息确定所述物流对象的操作类别；
在通过所述物流对象的电子标签确认所述物流对象后，根据操作类别确定对所述物流对象执行的第二操作；
将根据所述物流对象信息生成的申报信息、和/或执行所述第二操作产生的第二操作信息写入分布式数据库的第三节点的数据区块中。
鉴于上述问题，本发明一实施例还提出一种物流对象信息管理系统，包括：
一种物流对象信息管理系统，包括电子标签、第一处理装置、第二处理装置和分布 式数据库，其中：
所述分布式数据库包括第一节点和第二节点；
所述电子标签，与物流对象关联，所述电子标签中存储有物流对象信息；
所述第一处理装置用于将所述物流对象信息上传至分布式数据库的第一节点的数据区块中；
所述第二处理装置用于从所述第一节点的数据区块中获取所述物流对象信息，确定针对所述物流对象的操作，并在通过所述电子标签检测到所述物流对象并执行对应的第一操作后，将根据所述物流对象信息生成的申报信息和/或执行所述第一操作产生的第一操作信息写入分布式数据库的第二节点的数据区块中。
鉴于上述问题，本发明一实施例还提出一种分布式数据库，包括
第一节点，包括数据区块，用于存储第一客户端上传的物流对象关联的物流对象信息；
第二节点，包括数据区块，用于存储所述第一节点的地址信息、第二客户端上传的基于所述物流对象信息产生的申报信息，和/或第二客户端上传的物流对象关联的第一操作信息。
鉴于上述问题，本发明一实施例还提出一种终端设备，包括：
一个或多个处理器；和
其上存储有指令的一个或多个机器可读介质，当由所述一个或多个处理器执行时，使得所述终端设备执行如上述的方法。
鉴于上述问题，本发明一实施例还提出一个或多个机器可读介质，其上存储有指令，当由一个或多个处理器执行时，使得终端设备执行上述的方法。
由上述可知，本申请实施例包括以下优点：
本发明实施例提出了一种物流对象信息管理方法和系统，在发出方把物品交给物流服务商前，物流服务商通过分布式账本就可以校验物品，对于有风险的物品，早已提前感知，卖家交接时开箱查验，异常物品及时拦截，并将结果实时写入电子标签，物品终止履行；无异常的物品履行，并且完善申报信息到分布式数据库，减少了物流提供方自己的复杂安检成本和无目的的查验。
同时，在商品送达海关前，海关已经可以实时看到风险物品的分布，等到达海关组织时，对无风险物品就可以迅速清关；对于有风险物品，迅速定位到物品级别，早已安 排好查验人员和设备，不波及其他物品，提高查验和监管效率，并对清关和查验结果写入电子标签，同步到分布式数据库。本发明的方案提高了查验效率、减少了风险。
附图说明
为了更清楚地说明本发明实施例或现有技术中的技术方案，下面将对实施例或现有技术描述中所需要使用的附图作一简单地介绍，显而易见地，下面描述中的附图是本发明的一些实施例，对于本领域普通技术人员来讲，在不付出创造性劳动的前提下，还可以根据这些附图获得其他的附图。
图1所示为本发明一实施例的系统示意图。
图2所示为本发明一实施例的整体流程图。
图3所示为本发明物流对象信息管理方法的第一实施例的步骤流程图。
图4所示为本发明分布式数据库的示意图。
图5所示为本发明物流对象信息管理方法的第二实施例的步骤流程图。
图6所示为本发明物流对象信息管理方法的第三实施例的步骤流程图。
图7所示为本发明物流对象信息管理方法的第四实施例的步骤流程图。
图8所示为本发明一实施例的物流对象信息管理系统的方框图。
图9示意性地示出了用于执行根据本发明的方法的终端设备的框图；以及
图10示意性地示出了用于保持或者携带实现根据本发明的方法的程序代码的存储单元。
具体实施方式
下面将结合本申请实施例中的附图，对本申请实施例中的技术方案进行清楚、完整地描述，显然，所描述的实施例仅仅是本申请一部分实施例，而不是全部的实施例。基于本申请中的实施例，本领域普通技术人员所获得的所有其他实施例，都属于本申请保护的范围。
本发明第一实施例提出一种物流对象信息管理方法，如图1所示，其为一实施例的物流对象(例如：包裹)跨境管理时的多个参与方以及参与方之间的关系的示意图。图2所示为一实施例的物流对象信息管理方法的流程图。如图1和图2所示，本发明提出的物流对象信息管理方法的参与主体为三个参与方：物流对象发出方10、物流提供方20和海关30。
针对某一待发出物流对象(例如：货物)，该物流对象例如为商品或者其他包裹等需要寄送的物流对象，在发货的约定成立之后(例如交易平台的买家下单后)，由卖家或由存储卖家商品的仓库管理方发货。物流对象发出方10的终端(例如手持终端或者电脑终端)将订单中的物流对象相关的物流对象信息写入电子标签中，并将电子标签与物流对象绑定，例如粘贴在物流对象的包装之上，准备发出物流。同时，物流对象发出方10利用终端将物流对象信息通过因特网等方式，发送至远程的分布式数据库100中。
物流对象信息可以包括物流对象相关的交易信息、物流信息、物流对象属性信息等，例如交易信息可以包括交易时间、交易平台、订单号等内容；物流对象属性信息可以包括物流对象种类、物流对象数量、物流对象名称、品牌；物流信息可以包括物流单号、物流对象重量、物流对象体积、数目、物流平台等内容。以上仅为针对物流对象信息的举例，实际使用中可以包括更多的内容，在此不再赘述。
物流提供方20例如为提供各种物流服务的物流承运商。在物流对象发出方10将物流对象发出之后，物流对象到达物流提供方20的仓库或者集散点之前，物流提供方20已经可以通过上述分布式数据库100提前读取所寄送的物流对象信息。根据物流对象信息可以预判物流对象的风险等级。例如，如果判断该风险等级为高，则开箱检验；如果判断该风险等级为低或无风险，则可以直接分拣发出。
在物流对象到达物流提供方20之后，物流提供方20可以利用终端从电子标签中读取物流对象信息，当判断某一物流对象是预先判断的高风险等级的物流对象，则可以开箱检验。当判断某一物流对象是预先判断的风险等级低或无风险的物流对象，则可以通过。上述针对物流对象的操作产生的操作信息可以由物流提供方20的终端写入电子标签中，并同时上传至分布式数据库100中，与原先的物流对象信息关联。
操作信息可以是针对该物流对象的开箱检查操作信息，例如包括查验状态(已开箱检查、未开箱检查)、检查项目(例如针对数量进行了清点、针对类型进行了核实等)、检查结果(无风险、有风险、无漏报、有漏报等)。以上仅为针对操作信息的举例，实际使用中可以包括更多的内容，在此不再赘述。
在一实施例中，物流提供方20还可以对物流对象信息进一步修改，完善申报信息。例如修改物流对象种类、添加由国际海关理事会制定的Hscode等内容。
在物流对象到达海关30之前，海关30已经可以通过上述分布式数据库100提前读取所寄送的物流对象信息。根据物流对象信息提前预判物流对象的风险等级，在可选实施例中还可以根据物流提供方20上传的操作信息提前预判物流对象的风险等级。例如， 如果判断该风险等级为高，则开箱检验；如果判断该风险等级为低或无风险，则可以直接放行清关。海关30判断风险等级的方法与物流提供方20的依据可以相同，也可以不相同。
在物流对象到达海关30之后，海关30可以利用终端从电子标签中读取物流对象信息和物流提供方20的操作信息，当判断某一物流对象是预先判断的高风险等级的物流对象，则可以开箱检验。当判断某一物流对象是风险等级低或无风险的物流对象，则可以直接通关。上述针对物流对象的操作产生的操作信息可以由海关30的终端写入电子标签中，并上传至分布式数据库100中，与原先的物流对象信息关联。
在一实施例中，上述的电子标签为RFID标签，在本发明实施例中，RFID标签是嵌在包裹上的射频传感器，用于标记包裹并且承载其申报、履行等信息。物流对象发出方10、物流提供方20和海关30的终端可以为RFID读写装置，RFID读写装置主要用在物流对象发出方10、物流提供方20和海关30等履行节点上，用于识别包裹信息和实时读取物流对象信息和操作信息，写入RFID标签和/或分布式数据库。
根据不同的使用场景，可以采用移动式、固定式的读写装置，移动式包括手持的扫描机，为了更方便的使用，可以直接在手机上安装外壳和安装APP就可以实时读写。如物流提供方20的仓库入库时布置固定的读取头等现有的RFID读写装置。
在其他实施例中，电子标签也可以是其他支持近场识别、能够读出和写入数据的标签，在此不再赘述。
在本实施例中，分布式数据库中的特征在于，物流对象发出方10到物流提供方20、再到海关30的各个流程节点的数据串起来作为数据链存储在分布式数据库中，每个节点包含了包裹的申报信息、操作信息，并且每个节点的数据块通过存储前一区块的hash值和前面的区块联系起来，形成一个链状结构，因此分布式数据库中记录有每个物流对象从创建到当前时刻的物流对象信息和操作信息，解决了信息伪造的问题。上述的链状结构可以是根据物流的履行顺序构成的链状结构。
例如，当物流对象从物流对象发出方10交接给物流提供方20成功时，在物流提供方上传操作信息时，分布式数据库可以记录物品当前的位置已转移至物流提供方，经过物流提供方的电子标签的终端操作，向分布式数据库发出新建节点的请求；分布式数据库首先获取物品的前序数据块的信息，获取其区块的hash值，再加上物流提供方的操作行为、操作时间等数据，构造新的数据块。之后，分布式数据库通过竞争原则将构造好的新的数据块写入并同步广播给其他节点。
通过上述描述可知，本发明实施例提出了一种物流对象信息管理方法，在物流对象发出方把物流对象交给物流提供方前，物流提供方通过分布式账本就可以校验物流对象，对于有风险的物流对象，早已提前感知，卖家交接时开箱查验，异常物品及时拦截，并将结果实时写入电子标签，物流对象终止履行；无异常的物流对象履行，并且完善申报信息到分布式数据库，减少了物流提供方自己的复杂安检成本和无目的的查验。同时，在商品送达海关前，海关已经可以实时看到风险物品的分布，等到达海关组织时，对无风险物品就可以迅速清关；对于有风险物品，迅速定位到物流对象级别，早已安排好查验人员和设备，不波及其他物品，提高查验和监管效率，并对清关和查验结果写入电子标签，同步到分布式数据库。本发明的方案提高了查验效率、减少了风险。
本发明第一实施例提出一种物流对象信息管理方法，图3所示为第一实施例的物流对象信息管理方法的流程图，如图3所示，该方法包括如下步骤：
S1001，将物流对象关联的物流对象信息存储于物流对象的电子标签中；
在这一步骤中，当买家和卖家在交易平台上完成一单交易将要发货后，或者寄件方将寄送物流对象送交收件人员揽收之后，待通过物流途径发送的物流对象的相关信息已经确定，例如物流对象的属性信息，例如品名、SKU信息、产地等、交易信息，例如金额、数量等、物流提供方的信息，例如名称、资质、时间等信息，这些物流对象相关的物流对象信息可以由第一客户端(例如物流对象发出方的客户端)写入电子标签中。
物流对象发出方的客户端例如包括处理装置，该处理装置能够对电子标签进行读写操作。例如，处理装置可以将该物流对象相关的物流对象信息写入电子标签中，并将电子标签与物流对象绑定。
S1002，将所述物流对象信息上传至分布式数据库的第一节点的数据区块中；
在这一步骤中，该处理装置还可以将物流对象信息上传至分布式数据库中。具体地，可以基于物流对象信息构建所要写入的内容，构建完成之后，按照分布式数据库的存储规则，存储于分布式数据库的第一节点的数据区块中。
图4所示为分布式数据库的示意图。如图4所示，分布式数据库可以包括N个节点，每一个节点可以包括用于存储的数据区块，和用于计算的计算区块。从第二节点开始，每个节点的数据区块中存储有上一个节点的地址信息，例如地址hash值，即经过hash 算法处理的地址信息。除此之外，节点的数据区块中还可以存储有用于校验的随机数，以及物流对象信息和后续对物流对象操作产生的操作信息。
S1003，从所述第一节点的数据区块中获取所述物流对象信息，确定针对所述物流对象的第一操作；
在这一步骤中，在物流对象到达物流提供方之前，物流提供方已经可以从第一节点的数据区块中获取物流对象信息，预先判断该物流对象的风险，从而预先确定对该物流对象的操作。
例如，该物流对象的物流对象信息中包括易燃易爆的物流对象、金额超出海关免税额度的物流对象、数量过多的同类物流对象，带有违反公序良俗的标志或者内容的物流对象，来自某一信誉度较低的交易平台的物流对象等等，可以认为应当进行开箱检查，确认发出方所申报的物流对象信息是否正确，以及是否应当寄送。
针对物流对象的操作例如可以包括检查、放行、完善物流对象信息等。
检查的操作例如是事先检测到物流对象为高风险物品时，进行的开箱检查。
放行的操作例如是事先检测到物流对象为低风险物流对象或无风险物流对象时，进行的放行操作。
完善物流对象信息的操作例如是在检查完成之后或者放行前后，对申报的物流对象信息进行修改，例如进行规范化处理或者增补，以满足海关的要求。
可选地，步骤S1003之后，本发明实施例提出的方案还可以包括步骤：
S1004，针对所述第一操作产生第一操作信息。
在将第一操作信息写入分布式数据库的第二节点的数据区块之前，还可以包括生成第一操作信息的步骤。如上，物流提供方的操作产生的第一操作信息可以包括开箱检测、放行、修改物流对象信息等操作，第一操作信息的内容可以为操作时间、操作内容、检测到的物流对象内容等。海关的操作产生的第一操作信息可以包括开箱检测、通关等操作，第一操作信息内容也可以为操作时间、操作内容、检测到的物流对象内容等。
操作信息可以通过物流提供方的第二客户端或者海关的第三客户端编辑或者直接关联生成，在此不再赘述。
可选地，步骤S1003之后，本发明实施例提出的方案还可以包括步骤：
S1005，获取第一节点的地址信息并确定第二节点的数据区块。
在这一步骤中，为了构造第二节点的数据区块，可以获取第一节点的地址信息，并将所获取的物流对象信息和操作信息结合第一节点的地址信息一起写入第二节点的数据区块。由于把这个从物流对象发出方到物流提供方、再到海关的各个流程节点的数据串起来作为数据链存储在分布式数据库中，在分布式数据库的每个区块的数据块通过存储前一区块的地址hash值和前面的区块联系起来，形成一个链状结构，可以实现去中心化存储，同时防止物流对象信息被伪造。
在一实施例中，所述获取第一节点的数据区块的地址信息并确定第二节点的数据区块的步骤可以包括如下子步骤：
S1005a，获取第一节点的地址信息；
S1005b，利用多个节点的计算区块计算所述地址信息对应的hash值；
S1005c，在获得其中一个节点的计算区块发送的hash值之后，将所述节点对应的数据区块作为第二节点的数据区块。
在上述子步骤S1005c中，当多个节点的其中一个节点的计算区块最早计算出该地址信息对应的hash值之后，其他节点就不再计算，将最先计算出来的节点对应的数据区块作为第二节点的数据区块。该节点(可以成为第二节点)的第二节点的数据区块中可以包括上述第一节点的数据区块的地址信息对应的hash值。
在一实施例中，步骤S1003之后，还可以包括：
S1006，在通过所述电子标签检测到所述物流对象并执行对应的第一操作后，将根据所述物流对象信息生成的申报信息，和/或执行所述第一操作产生的第一操作信息写入分布式数据库的第二节点的数据区块中。
在这一步骤中，当物流对象送达物流提供方之前，可以根据第二客户端(例如物流提供方的客户端)从第一节点的数据区块中下载的物流对象信息提前判断对物流对象需要执行的操作。在物流对象送达之后，可以执行对应的操作。在执行对应的操作之后可以写入分布式数据库的第二节点的数据区块中。
第二节点的数据区块可以包括第一节点的数据区块中下载的物流对象信息或者是经过修改的物流对象信息，和/或，上述操作产生的第一操作信息，例如操作时间、操作内容、检测到的物品内容等。还可以包括第一节点的数据区块的地址信息。第一节点的数据区块的地址信息可以是第一节点的数据区块的存储地址的hash处理后的hash值，在 此不再赘述。
在这一步骤中，物流提供方在开箱检测之后或者认为物流对象不必检测可以直接放行的情况下，可以对物流对象信息进行修改，例如进行完善申报信息的工作，修改或增加品名、增加HScode等。申报信息可以与执行第一操作产生的第一操作信息一起写入分布式数据库的第二节点的数据区块。
在一实施例中，步骤S1006之后，所述方法还可以包括：
S1007，将根据所述物流对象信息生成的申报信息、以及执行所述第一操作产生的第一操作信息写入所述电子标签中。
在这一步骤中，物流提供方的第二客户端的应用程序可以将写入第二节点的数据区块的物流对象申报信息和操作信息写入电子标签中，以使得分布式数据库中的信息与电子标签中的信息同步。
在一实施例中，所述方法还可以包括如下步骤：
S1008，获取所述申报信息和/或第一操作信息，确定针对所述物流对象的第二操作；
在这一步骤中，在物品到达海关之前，海关已经可以从第二节点的数据区块中获取物流对象信息中的申报信息，和/或，针对所述物流对象的操作信息，预先判断该物流对象的风险，从而预先确定对该物流对象的操作。
例如，物流对象信息中包括易燃易爆的物流对象、金额超出海关免税额度的物流对象、数量过多的同类物流对象等等，带有违反公序良俗的标志或者内容的物流对象，来自某一信誉度较低的物流提供方或者交易平台的物流对象等等，可以认为应当进行开箱检查，确认经过物流对象发出方和物流提供方所申报的物流对象信息是否正确，以及是否应当寄送。
针对物流对象的操作例如可以包括检查、通关等。
检查的操作例如是事先检测到物流对象为高风险物品时，进行的开箱检查。
通关的操作例如是事先检测到物流对象为低风险物流对象或无风险物流对象时，进行的放行操作。
在一实施例中，所述方法还可以包括如下步骤：
S1009，在通过所述电子标签检测到所述物流对象并执行操作后，将申报信息、和/ 或执行所述第二操作产生的第二操作信息写入分布式数据库的第三节点的数据区块中。
在这一步骤中，当物流对象送达海关之前，可以根据第三客户端(例如海关的客户端)从第二节点的数据区块中下载的物流对象信息和/或物流提供方针对所述物流对象的操作信息，提前判断对物流对象需要执行的操作。在物流对象送达之后，可以执行对应的操作。在执行对应的操作之后可以写入分布式数据库的第三节点的数据区块中。
第三节点的数据区块是分布式数据库的第三节点中的数据存储节点。在存储之前，分布式数据库的多个节点获取第二节点中的地址信息，通过节点的计算区块对地址信息对应的hash值进行计算，当其中一个节点最先计算出地址信息对应的hash值时，将该节点对应的数据区块作为第三节点的数据区块，可以在第三节点的数据区块中存储第二节点的地址信息对应的hash值。
除了上述hash值，第三节点的数据区块还可以包括第二节点的数据区块中下载的物品信息或者是经过修改的物品信息，以及上述操作产生的操作信息，例如操作时间、操作内容、检测到的物品内容等。
在一实施例中，步骤S1009之后，所述方法还可以包括：
S1010，将根据所述物流对象信息生成的申报信息、和/或执行所述第二操作产生的第二操作信息写入所述电子标签中。
在这一步骤中，海关的第三客户端的应用程序可以将写入第三节点的数据区块的物流信息和/或海关执行的第二操作对应的第二操作信息写入电子标签中，以使得分布式数据库中的信息与电子标签中的信息同步。
在一实施例中，所述步骤S1003，即从所述第一节点的数据区块中获取所述物流对象信息，确定针对所述物流对象的操作的步骤可以包括如下子步骤：
S10031，从所述第一节点的数据区块中获取所述物流对象信息；
S10032，利用所述物流对象信息，确定所述物流对象的风险等级；
S10033，根据风险等级确定对所述物流对象执行的操作。
在步骤S10031中，第二客户端可以从第一节点的数据区块中下载物流对象信息，于物流对象到达物流提供方之前进行需要操作的内容的判断。在步骤S10032中，可以根据物流对象信息，确定风险等级，例如为高风险或低风险。在步骤S10033中，可以根据风险等级确定对应的操作。例如针对物流编号为ID001的物流对象，需要执行开箱检查操 作；针对物流编号为ID002的物流对象，需要执行补充申报信息的操作等等。
在一可选实施例中，所述根据风险等级确定对所述物流对象执行的操作的步骤包括：
S10031a当确定风险等级为第一等级时，执行通过操作；
S10032a，当确定风险等级为第二等级时，执行检验操作；
其中所述第二等级高于所述第一等级。
在上述步骤中，可以将该执行的操作分为通过的相关操作和检验的相关操作。风险等级可以包括稍低的第一等级和稍高的第二等级。所述通过操作包括物流通过操作和海关通关操作其中一者；所述检验操作包括物流检验操作和海关检验操作其中一者。
在一实施例中，所述电子标签可以为射频识别标签，或者NFC(近场识别)标签等，只要是能够实现电子读写的标签均可，并发明并不限定。
通过上述描述可知，本发明实施例提出了一种物流对象信息管理方法，在物流对象发出方把物流对象交给物流提供方前，物流提供方通过分布式账本就可以校验物流对象，对于有风险的物品，早已提前感知，卖家交接时开箱查验，异常物流对象及时拦截，并将结果实时写入电子标签，物流对象终止履行；无异常的物流对象履行，并且完善申报信息到分布式数据库，减少了物流提供方自己的复杂安检成本和无目的的查验。同时，在物流对象送达海关前，海关已经可以实时看到风险物流对象的分布，等到达海关组织时，对无风险物流对象就可以迅速清关；对于有风险物流对象，迅速定位到物流对象级别，早已安排好查验人员和设备，不波及其他物流对象，提高查验和监管效率，并对清关和查验结果写入电子标签，同步到分布式数据库。本发明的方案提高了查验效率、减少了风险。
除此之外，本实施例提出的物流对象信息管理方法至少还包括如下优点：
在本发明可选实施例中，利用分布式数据库的方式存储物流对象的物流对象信息和操作信息，通过在每个节点(物流提供方、海关等)获取前一数据块的物流对象信息和/或操作信息并构造新的存储数据块。之后，分布式数据库通过竞争原则将构造好的新的数据块写入并同步广播给其他节点。利用区块链的思想避免了信息的篡改，提高了信息的安全性。在每个节点修改信息时，可以借助密钥等安全手段，利用协议校验的方式，一方面通过密钥确认写入方是合法的，另一方面，拿到密钥的写入方也会写入校验信息，判断电子标签是否合法，防止被替换风险。
第二实施例
本发明第二实施例提出一种物流对象信息管理方法，应用于第一客户端，图5所示为第二实施例的物流对象信息管理方法的流程图，如图5所示，该方法包括如下步骤：
S101，获取物流对象相关的物流对象信息；
在这一步骤中，当买家和卖家在交易平台上完成一单交易将要发货后，或者寄件方将寄送物流对象送交收件人员揽收之后，待通过物流途径发送的物流对象的物流对象信息已经确定，例如物流对象的属性信息，例如品名、SKU信息、产地等、交易信息，例如金额、数量等、物流提供方的信息，例如名称、资质、时间等信息，这些物流对象相关的物流对象信息可以由第一客户端(例如物流对象发出方的客户端)获取、编辑、存储。
例如，物流对象发出方的第一客户端的应用程序可以与交易平台关联，获取交易平台的物流对象信息，进行操作。
S102，将所述物流对象信息写入电子标签；
在这一步骤中，可以将第一客户端获取的物流对象信息写入电子标签中。电子标签可以为射频识别标签等能够存储信息并贴附于物流对象或者其包装上的标签，供后续各环节读写。
S103，将所述电子标签中的物流对象信息上传至分布式数据库的第一节点的数据区块；
其中所述分布式数据库中包含第一节点和第二节点，所述第二节点的数据区块中存储有第一节点的地址信息，以及根据所述物流对象信息产生的申报信息。
在这一步骤中，该第一客户端中的处理装置还可以将物流对象信息上传至分布式数据库中。具体地，可以基于物流对象信息构建所要写入的内容，构建完成之后，按照分布式数据库的存储规则，存储于分布式数据库的第一节点的数据区块中。
如前述图4所示，分布式数据库可以包括N个区块，从第二个区块开始，每个区块中存储有上一个区块的地址数据，例如地址hash值，即经过hash算法处理的地址信息。除此之外，区块中还可以存储有用于校验的随机数，以及物流对象信息和后续对物流对象操作产生的操作信息。
本发明实施例提出的方法中，在第一客户端编辑、获取物流对象信息之后，将物流对象信息写入电子标签和分布式数据库，可以使得后续的物流提供方和海关方在收到寄送的物流对象之前即能够读取物流对象的物流对象信息和/或针对所述物流对象的操作 信息，提前实现申报和各环节的监管。
本发明第三实施例提出一种物流对象信息管理方法，应用于第二客户端，图6所示为第三实施例的物流对象信息管理方法的流程图，如图6所示，该方法包括如下步骤：
S201，从分布式数据库的第一节点的数据区块中获取物流对象相关的物流对象信息；
在这一步骤中，在物流对象到达物流提供方之前，物流提供方已经可以从第一节点的数据区块中获取物流对象信息，对该物流对象信息进行分析。例如物流对象发出方将物流对象信息上传至分布式数据库的第一节点的数据区块之后，第二客户端的应用程序可以发出提示，告知操作人员将有一个包裹已在处理，预计N天之后到达物流仓库。
S202，利用所述物流对象信息，预先确定所述物流对象的特征属性；
在这一步骤中，可以在物流对象到达物流提供方之前，预先判断该物流对象的风险，从而预先确定对该物流对象的操作。
例如，该物流对象的物流对象信息中包括易燃易爆的物流对象、金额超出海关免税额度的物流对象、数量过多的同类物流对象等等，带有违反公序良俗的标志或者内容的物流对象，来自某一信誉度较低的交易平台的物流对象等等，可以认为应当进行开箱检查，确认发出方所申报的物流对象信息是否正确，以及是否应当寄送。
S203，在通过所述物流对象的电子标签确认所述物流对象时，根据预先确定的特征属性确定对所述物流对象执行的第一操作；
在这一步骤中，针对物流对象的操作例如可以包括检查、放行、完善物流对象信息等。
检查的操作例如是事先检测到物流对象为高风险物品时，进行的开箱检查。
放行的操作例如是事先检测到物流对象为低风险物流对象或无风险物流对象时，进行的放行操作。
完善物流对象信息的操作例如是在检查完成之后或者放行前后，对申报的物流对象信息进行修改，例如进行规范化处理或者增补，以满足海关的要求。
S204，将根据所述物流对象信息生成的申报信息、和/或，执行所述第一操作产生的第一操作信息写入分布式数据库的第二节点的数据区块中。
在这一步骤中，当物流对象送达物流提供方之前，可以根据第二客户端(例如物流提供方的客户端)从第一节点的数据区块中下载的物流对象信息预先判断对物流对象需 要执行的操作。在物流对象送达之后，可以执行对应的操作。在执行对应的操作之后可以写入分布式数据库的第二节点的数据区块中。
第二节点的数据区块可以包括从第一节点的数据区块中下载的物流对象信息、根据物流对象信息产生的申报信息或者是经过修改的物流对象信息，以及上述操作产生的操作信息，例如操作时间、操作内容、检测到的物品内容等。还可以包括第一节点的地址信息。第一节点的地址信息可以是第一节点的存储地址的hash处理后的hash值，在此不再赘述。
在一实施例中，所述步骤S203，根据风险等级确定对所述物流对象执行的操作的步骤可以包括：
S2031当确定风险等级为第一等级时，执行通过操作；
S2032当确定风险等级为第二等级时，执行检验操作；
其中所述第二等级高于所述第一等级。
在上述步骤中，可以将该执行的操作分为通过的相关操作和检验的相关操作。风险等级可以包括稍低的第一等级和稍高的第二等级。所述通过操作包括物流通过操作和海关通关操作其中一者；所述检验操作包括物流检验操作和海关检验操作其中一者。
在一实施例中，所述通过操作包括物流通过操作和/或申报操作，所述检验操作包括物流检验操作。
在一实施例中，所述方法还可以包括：
S205，将根据所述物流对象信息生成的申报信息、和/或执行所述第二操作产生的第二操作信息写入所述电子标签中。
在这一步骤中，物流提供方的第二客户端的应用程序可以将写入第二节点的数据区块的申报信息和操作信息写入分布式数据库中，以使得分布式数据库中的信息与电子标签中的信息同步。
在一实施例中，所述步骤S205，将根据所述物流对象信息生成的申报信息、和/或执行所述第二操作产生的第二操作信息写入分布式数据库的第二节点的数据区块中的步骤可以包括如下子步骤：
S2051，获取第一节点的地址信息并确定第二节点的数据区块；
S2052，根据所述物流对象信息生成申报信息；
S2053，将所述第一节点的地址信息、所述申报信息和/或执行所述第二操作产生的第二操作信息写入分布式数据库的第二节点的数据区块中。
在上述子步骤S2051中，分布式数据库的管理单元获取第一节点的地址信息，发送至N个计算节点进行hash散列计算。利用竞争机制，当某一个计算效率最高的计算节点计算出地址的hash值之后，可以写入该计算节点对应的存储区块，并广播通知其他计算节点停止计算并停止写入对应的存储区块。上述第一个写入了hash值的存储区块即为第二节点的数据区块。
在确定了第二节点的数据区块并写入第一节点的地址信息(地址hash值)之后，在子步骤S2052中可以根据物流对象信息生成申报信息，例如，可以根据物流对象品类确定规范的申报品类、增加Hscode等，生成申报信息，并将申报信息和用于记载操作的操作信息写入第二节点的数据区块。
本发明实施例提出的方法中，在第二客户端编辑、获取物流对象信息之后，将申报信息和针对物流对象进行的操作相关的操作信息写入电子标签和分布式数据库，可以使得后续的海关在收到寄送的物流对象之前即能够读取物流对象的物流对象信息、申报信息、针对所述物流对象的操作信息，根据上述信息提前实现申报和各环节的监管。
本发明第四实施例提供一种物流对象信息管理方法，应用于第三客户端，图7所示为第三实施例的物流对象信息管理方法的流程图，如图7所示，该方法包括如下步骤：
S301，从分布式数据库的第二节点的数据区块中获取物流对象相关的物流对象信息和/或针对所述物流对象的第一操作信息；
在这一步骤中，在物流对象到达海关之前，海关已经可以从第二节点的数据区块中获取物流对象信息和/或针对所述物流对象的第一操作信息，可以预先判断该物流对象的风险，从而预先确定对该物流对象的操作。
例如，物流对象信息中包括易燃易爆的物流对象、金额超出海关免税额度的物流对象、数量过多的同类物流对象等等，带有违反公序良俗的标志或者内容的物流对象，来自某一信誉度较低的物流提供方或者交易平台的物流对象等等，可以认为应当进行开箱检查，确认经过物流对象发出方和物流提供方所申报的物流对象信息是否正确，以及是否应当寄送。
S302，利用所述物流对象信息和/或针对所述物流对象的第一操作信息，确定所述物流对象的操作类别；
在一实施例中，可以从物流对象信息和/或针对所述物流对象的操作信息可以判断出该物流对象的风险等级，例如高风险或者低风险，从而确定物流对象的操作类别。例如， 针对高风险物流对象执行的操作类别为开箱检查，针对低风险物流对象执行的操作类别为放行。
在另一实施例中，可以从风险等级以外的其他角度确定针对物流对象的操作类别。例如，该物流对象的物流对象信息中包括易燃易爆的物流对象、金额超出海关免税额度的物流对象、数量过多的同类物流对象、带有违反公序良俗的标志或者内容的物流对象，来自某一信誉度较低的交易平台的物流对象等等，可以认为是第一操作类别，应当由海关进行开箱检查，确认所申报的物流对象信息是否正确，以及是否应当通关。当不属于这些类型的物流对象时可以认为属于第二操作类别，可以执行通关操作。
S303，在通过所述物流对象的电子标签确认所述物流对象之后，根据操作类别确定对所述物流对象执行的第二操作；
在这一步骤中，针对物流对象的操作例如可以包括海关检查、清关等。
检查的操作例如是事先检测到物流对象为高风险物流对象时，进行的海关的开箱检查。
通关的操作例如是事先检测到物流对象为低风险物流对象时，进行海关的放行操作。
S304，将根据所述物流对象信息生成的申报信息、和/或执行所述第二操作产生的第二操作信息写入分布式数据库的第三节点的数据区块中。
在执行对应的操作之后，可以将申报信息和/或第二操作信息写入分布式数据库的第三节点的数据区块中。第三数据区块可以包括从第二节点的数据区块中下载的物流对象信息、申报信息或者是经过修改的物流对象信息，和/或上述操作产生的第二操作信息，例如操作时间、操作内容、检测到的物流对象内容等。还可以包括第三节点的地址信息。第三节点的地址信息可以是第三节点的地址信息经过hash处理后的hash值，用于实现加密，在此不再赘述。
在一实施例中，所述方法还包括：
S305，将根据所述物流对象信息生成的申报信息、和/或执行所述第二操作产生的第二操作信息写入所述电子标签中。
在这一步骤中，海关的第三客户端的应用程序可以将写入第三节点的数据区块的申报信息和/或第二操作信息写入电子标签中，以使得分布式数据库中的信息与电子标签中的信息同步。
在一实施例中，所述步骤S303，根据操作类别确定对所述物流对象执行的操作的步骤可以包括如下子步骤：
S3031，当确定操作类别为第一类别时，执行通过操作；
S3032，当确定操作类别为第二类别时，执行检验操作；
在上述步骤中，可以将该执行的操作分为通过的相关操作和检验的相关操作。在一实施例中，所述通过操作包括海关通过操作，所述检验操作包括海关检验操作。
在一实施例中，所述步骤S305，将根据所述物流对象信息生成的申报信息、和/或执行所述第二操作产生的第二操作信息写入分布式数据库的第三节点的数据区块中的步骤可以包括如下子步骤：
S3051，获取所述第二节点的地址信息并确定第三节点；
S3052，将所述第二节点的地址信息、所述申报信息和/或执行所述第二操作产生的第二操作信息上传至第三节点的数据区块中。
在上述子步骤S3051中，分布式数据库的管理单元获取第二节点的地址信息，发送至N个节点的计算区块进行hash散列计算。利用竞争机制，当某一个计算效率最高的节点的计算区块计算出地址的hash值之后，可以将hash值写入该节点的存储区块，并广播通知其他计算节点停止计算。上述第一个写入了hash值的节点即为第三节点。
在确定了第三节点并写入第二节点的地址信息(地址hash值)之后，在子步骤S3052中将申报信息和用于记载海关操作的操作信息写入第三节点的数据区块。
本发明实施例提出的方法中，在第三客户端获取申报信息之后，将物品信息和针对物品进行的操作相关的操作信息写入电子标签和分布式数据库，可以方便后续其他环节能够读取物流对象的申报信息和针对物流对象进行的操作相关的操作信息，完好地保留信息，供后续进行分析。
本发明第五实施例提出一种物流对象信息管理系统，如图8所示，该系统包括电子标签21、第一处理装置22、分布式数据库23和第二处理装置24：
所述分布式数据库23包括第一节点和第二节点；
所述电子标签21与物流对象关联，所述电子标签中存储有物流对象信息；
所述第一处理装置22用于将所述物流对象信息上传至分布式数据库的第一节点的数据区块中；
所述第二处理装置24用于从所述第一节点的数据区块中获取所述物流对象信息，确定针对所述物流对象的操作，并在通过所述电子标签21检测到所述物流对象并执行对应 的第二操作后，将根据所述物流对象信息生成的申报信息和/或执行所述第二操作产生的第一操作信息写入分布式数据库23的第二节点的数据区块中。
在一实施例中，上述的第一处理装置22和第二处理装置24为多个，例如为安装有应用程序的客户端。这些第一处理装置22可以分布于物品发出方，第二处理装置24可以位于物流提供方等。每个第一处理装置22和第二处理装置24均能够对电子标签进行读写操作，并能够将电子标签中的物品信息和操作信息上传至分布式数据库23。
在一实施例中，上述的系统还包括第三处理装置25，用于获取所述申报信息和/或所述第一操作信息，确定针对所述物流对象的操作；以及在通过所述电子标签检测到所述物流对象并执行对应的第二操作后，将所述申报信息、和/或执行所述第二操作产生的第二操作信息写入分布式数据库的第三节点的数据区块中。
在一实施例中，所述第二处理装置24还可以用于修改所述物品信息，并将修改的物品信息写入所述电子标签21。
例如，物流提供方的客户端可以与分布式数据库交互，从分布式数据库中获取物品信息，并在应用程序中修改之后，写入电子标签21中。
在一实施例中，所述第一和第二处理装置还用于将所述操作信息写入电子标签。
例如，物品发出方、物流提供方、海关的处理装置，均可以将分布式数据库中的操作信息写入电子标签，实现信息的同步。
本发明第六实施例提出一种分布式数据库，如图8所示，该分布式数据库包括：
第一节点31，包括数据区块，用于存储第一客户端上传的物品关联的物品信息；
第二节点32，包括数据区块，用于存储所述第一节点的地址信息、第二客户端上传的基于所述物品信息产生的申报信息，和/或第二客户端上传的物品关联的第一操作信息。
在一实施例中，所述分布式数据库还包括：
第三节点33，用于存储第二节点的地址信息、存储所述申报信息、所述第二客户端上传的第一操作信息和/或第三客户端上传的第二操作信息。
在一实施例中，所述第二节点的数据区块还存储有第一节点的第一地址信息；所述第三节点的数据区块还存储有第二节点的第二地址信息。所述第二节点还包括计算区块，用于计算所述第一节点的地址信息对应的hash值；所述第三节点还包括计算区块，用于计算所述第二节点的地址信息对应的hash值。
在一实施例中，所述物品信息包括：交易信息、物品属性信息、物流信息其中至少一者。
在一实施例中，所述第一操作信息包括第一检验操作、申报操作其中一者；所述第二操作信息包括第二检验操作。
回到图4所示，分布式数据库可以包括N个节点，从第二个节点开始，每个节点的数据区块中可以存储有上一个节点的地址信息，例如地址hash值，即经过hash算法处理的地址信息。除此之外，节点的数据区块中还可以存储有用于校验的随机数，以及物品信息和后续对物品操作产生的操作信息。
通过上述描述可知，本发明实施例提出了一种分布式数据库，该分布式数据库可以通过去中心化的思想解决中心化数据库容易被侵入和修改的问题。另外，分布式数据库中的每一个区块包含了物品的物品信息、操作信息，并且每个区块的数据块通过存储前一区块的hash值和前面的区块联系起来，形成一个链状结构，因此分布式数据库中记录有每个包裹从创建到现在的所有申报、履行记录，解决了信息伪造的问题。另外，还可以采用竞争机制解决一致性问题。
对于装置实施例而言，由于其与方法实施例基本相似，所以描述得比较简单，相关之处参见方法实施例的部分说明即可。
图9为本申请一实施例提供的终端设备的硬件结构示意图。如图9所示，该终端设备可以包括输入设备90、处理器91、输出设备92、存储器93和至少一个通信总线94。通信总线94用于实现元件之间的通信连接。存储器93可能包含高速RAM存储器，也可能还包括非易失性存储NVM，例如至少一个磁盘存储器，存储器93中可以存储各种程序，用于完成各种处理功能以及实现本实施例的方法步骤。
可选的，上述处理器91例如可以为中央处理器(Central Processing Unit，简称CPU)、应用专用集成电路(ASIC)、数字信号处理器(DSP)、数字信号处理设备(DSPD)、可编程逻辑器件(PLD)、现场可编程门阵列(FPGA)、控制器、微控制器、微处理器或其他电子元件实现，该处理器91通过有线或无线连接耦合到上述输入设备90和输出设备92。
可选的，上述输入设备90可以包括多种输入设备，例如可以包括面向用户的用户接口、面向设备的设备接口、软件的可编程接口、摄像头、传感器中至少一种。可选的， 该面向设备的设备接口可以是用于设备与设备之间进行数据传输的有线接口、还可以是用于设备与设备之间进行数据传输的硬件插入接口(例如USB接口、串口等)；可选的，该面向用户的用户接口例如可以是面向用户的控制按键、用于接收语音输入的语音输入设备以及用户接收用户触摸输入的触摸感知设备(例如具有触摸感应功能的触摸屏、触控板等)；可选的，上述软件的可编程接口例如可以是供用户编辑或者修改程序的入口，例如芯片的输入引脚接口或者输入接口等；可选的，上述收发信机可以是具有通信功能的射频收发芯片、基带处理芯片以及收发天线等。麦克风等音频输入设备可以接收语音数据。输出设备92可以包括显示器、音响等输出设备。
在本实施例中，该终端设备的处理器包括用于执行各设备中数据处理装置各模块的功能，具体功能和技术效果参照上述实施例即可，此处不再赘述。
图10为本申请另一实施例提供的终端设备的硬件结构示意图。图10是对图9在实现过程中的一个具体的实施例。如图10所示，本实施例的终端设备包括处理器101以及存储器102。
处理器101执行存储器102所存放的计算机程序代码，实现上述实施例中图1至图5的物流对象信息管理方法。
存储器102被配置为存储各种类型的数据以支持在终端设备的操作。这些数据的示例包括用于在终端设备上操作的任何应用程序或方法的指令，例如消息，图片，视频等。存储器102可能包含随机存取存储器(random access memory，简称RAM)，也可能还包括非易失性存储器(non-volatile memory)，例如至少一个磁盘存储器。
可选地，处理器101设置在处理组件100中。该终端设备还可以包括：通信组件103，电源组件104，多媒体组件105，音频组件106，输入/输出接口107和/或传感器组件108。终端设备具体所包含的组件等依据实际需求设定，本实施例对此不作限定。
处理组件100通常控制终端设备的整体操作。处理组件100可以包括一个或多个处理器101来执行指令，以完成上述图1至图7方法的全部或部分步骤。此外，处理组件100可以包括一个或多个模块，便于处理组件100和其他组件之间的交互。例如，处理组件100可以包括多媒体模块，以方便多媒体组件105和处理组件100之间的交互。
电源组件104为终端设备的各种组件提供电力。电源组件104可以包括电源管理系统，一个或多个电源，及其他与为终端设备生成、管理和分配电力相关联的组件。
多媒体组件105包括在终端设备和用户之间的提供一个输出接口的显示屏。在一些实施例中，显示屏可以包括液晶显示器(LCD)和触摸面板(TP)。如果显示屏包括触 摸面板，显示屏可以被实现为触摸屏，以接收来自用户的输入信号。触摸面板包括一个或多个触摸传感器以感测触摸、滑动和触摸面板上的手势。所述触摸传感器可以不仅感测触摸或滑动动作的边界，而且还检测与所述触摸或滑动操作相关的持续时间和压力。
音频组件106被配置为输出和/或输入音频信号。例如，音频组件106包括一个麦克风(MIC)，当终端设备处于操作模式，如语音识别模式时，麦克风被配置为接收外部音频信号。所接收的音频信号可以被进一步存储在存储器102或经由通信组件103发送。在一些实施例中，音频组件106还包括一个扬声器，用于输出音频信号。
输入/输出接口107为处理组件100和外围接口模块之间提供接口，上述外围接口模块可以是点击轮，按钮等。这些按钮可包括但不限于：音量按钮、启动按钮和锁定按钮。
传感器组件108包括一个或多个传感器，用于为终端设备提供各个方面的状态评估。例如，传感器组件108可以检测到终端设备的打开/关闭状态，组件的相对定位，用户与终端设备接触的存在或不存在。传感器组件108可以包括接近传感器，被配置用来在没有任何的物理接触时检测附近物体的存在，包括检测用户与终端设备间的距离。在一些实施例中，该传感器组件108还可以包括摄像头等。
通信组件103被配置为便于终端设备和其他设备之间有线或无线方式的通信。终端设备可以接入基于通信标准的无线网络，如WiFi，2G或3G，或它们的组合。在一个实施例中，该终端设备中可以包括SIM卡插槽，该SIM卡插槽用于插入SIM卡，使得终端设备可以登录GPRS网络，通过互联网与服务端建立通信。
由上可知，在图10实施例中所涉及的通信组件103、音频组件106以及输入/输出接口107、传感器组件108均可以作为图9实施例中的输入设备的实现方式。
本申请实施例提供了一种终端设备，包括：一个或多个处理器；和其上存储有指令的一个或多个机器可读介质，当由所述一个或多个处理器执行时，使得所述终端设备执行如本申请实施例中一个或多个所述的方法。
本说明书中的各个实施例均采用递进的方式描述，每个实施例重点说明的都是与其他实施例的不同之处，各个实施例之间相同相似的部分互相参见即可。
尽管已描述了本申请实施例的优选实施例，但本领域内的技术人员一旦得知了基本创造性概念，则可对这些实施例做出另外的变更和修改。所以，所附权利要求意欲解释为包括优选实施例以及落入本申请实施例范围的所有变更和修改。
最后，还需要说明的是，在本文中，诸如第一和第二等之类的关系术语仅仅用来将 一个实体或者操作与另一个实体或操作区分开来，而不一定要求或者暗示这些实体或操作之间存在任何这种实际的关系或者顺序。而且，术语“包括”、“包含”或者其任何其他变体意在涵盖非排他性的包含，从而使得包括一系列要素的过程、方法、物品或者终端设备不仅包括那些要素，而且还包括没有明确列出的其他要素，或者是还包括为这种过程、方法、物品或者终端设备所固有的要素。在没有更多限制的情况下，由语句“包括一个……”限定的要素，并不排除在包括所述要素的过程、方法、物品或者终端设备中还存在另外的相同要素。
以上对本申请所提供的一种物流对象信息管理方法和装置，进行了详细介绍，本文中应用了具体个例对本申请的原理及实施方式进行了阐述，以上实施例的说明只是用于帮助理解本申请的方法及其核心思想；同时，对于本领域的一般技术人员，依据本申请的思想，在具体实施方式及应用范围上均会有改变之处，综上所述，本说明书内容不应理解为对本申请的限制。

Claims (30)

  1. 一种物流对象信息管理方法，其特征在于，包括：
    将物流对象关联的物流对象信息存储于电子标签中；
    将所述物流对象信息上传至分布式数据库的第一节点的数据区块中；
    从所述第一节点的数据区块中获取所述物流对象信息，确定针对所述物流对象的第一操作；
    在通过所述电子标签检测到所述物流对象并执行对应的第一操作后，将根据所述物流对象信息生成的申报信息和/或执行所述第一操作产生的第一操作信息写入分布式数据库的第二节点的数据区块中。
  2. 根据权利要求1所述的方法，其特征在于，所述从所述第一节点的数据区块中获取所述物流对象信息，确定针对所述物流对象的第一操作的步骤包括：
    从所述第一节点的数据区块中获取所述物流对象信息；
    利用所述物流对象信息，确定所述物流对象的风险等级；
    根据风险等级确定对所述物流对象执行的第一操作。
  3. 根据权利要求2所述的方法，其特征在于，所述根据风险等级确定对所述物流对象执行的第一操作的步骤包括：
    当确定风险等级为第一等级时，执行通过操作；
    当确定风险等级为第二等级时，执行检验操作；
    其中所述第二等级高于所述第一等级。
  4. 根据权利要求1所述的方法，其特征在于，所述将根据所述物流对象信息生成的申报信息和/或执行所述第一操作产生的第一操作信息写入分布式数据库的第二节点的数据区块中之后，所述方法还包括：
    获取所述申报信息和/或所述第一操作信息，确定针对所述物流对象的第二操作；
    在通过所述电子标签检测到所述物流对象并执行对应的第二操作后，将所述申报信息、和/或执行所述第二操作产生的第二操作信息写入分布式数据库的第三节点的数据区块中。
  5. 根据权利要求1所述的方法，其特征在于，所述从所述第一节点的数据区块中获取所述物流对象信息，确定针对所述物流对象的第一操作的步骤之后还包括：
    针对所述第一操作产生第一操作信息。
  6. 根据权利要求1所述的方法，其特征在于，所述从所述第一节点的数据区块中 获取所述物流对象信息，确定针对所述物流对象的第一操作的步骤之后，还包括：
    获取第一节点的地址信息并确定第二节点的数据区块。
  7. 根据权利要求1所述的方法，其特征在于，所述电子标签为射频识别标签。
  8. 根据权利要求1所述的方法，其特征在于，所述方法还包括：
    将所述申报信息和所述第一操作信息写入所述电子标签。
  9. 一种物流对象信息管理方法，应用于第一客户端，该方法包括如下步骤：
    获取物流对象相关的物流对象信息；
    将所述物流对象信息写入电子标签；
    将所述物流对象信息上传至分布式数据库的第一节点的数据区块；其中所述分布式数据库中至少包含第一节点、第二节点，所述第二节点的数据区块中存储有第一节点的地址信息，以及根据所述物流对象信息产生的申报信息。
  10. 一种物流对象信息管理方法，应用于第二客户端，该方法包括如下步骤：
    从分布式数据库的第一节点的数据区块中获取物流对象相关的物流对象信息；
    利用所述物流对象信息，确定所述物流对象的特征属性；
    在通过所述物流对象的电子标签确认所述物流对象时，根据物流对象特征属性确定对所述物流对象执行的第一操作；
    将根据所述物流对象信息生成的申报信息、和/或执行所述第一操作产生的第一操作信息写入分布式数据库的第二节点的数据区块中。
  11. 根据权利要求10所述的方法，其特征在于，所述物流对象的特征属性包括：物流对象的风险等级、物流对象的种类、物流对象的来源。
  12. 根据权利要求11所述的方法，其特征在于，所述方法还包括：所述根据风险等级确定对所述物流对象执行的第一操作的步骤包括：
    当确定风险等级为第一等级时，执行通过操作；
    当确定风险等级为第二等级时，执行检验操作；
    其中所述第二等级高于所述第一等级。
  13. 根据权利要求12所述的方法，其特征在于，所述通过操作包括物流通过操作和/或申报操作，所述检验操作包括物流检验操作和/或拦截操作。
  14. 根据权利要求10所述的方法，其特征在于，所述方法还包括：
    将所述申报信息以及所述第一操作信息写入所述电子标签中。
  15. 根据权利要求10所述的方法，其特征在于，所述将根据所述物流对象信息生成的申报信息、以及执行第一所述操作产生的第一操作信息写入分布式数据库的第二节点的数据区块中的步骤包括：
    获取第一节点的地址信息并确定第二节点的数据区块；
    根据所述物流对象信息生成申报信息；
    将所述第一节点的地址信息、所述申报信息和执行所述第一操作产生的第一操作信息写入分布式数据库的第二节点的数据区块中。
  16. 一种物流对象信息管理方法，应用于第三客户端，该方法包括如下步骤：
    从分布式数据库的第二节点的数据区块中获取物流对象相关的申报信息和/或针对所述物流对象的第一操作信息；
    利用所述申报信息和/或针对所述物流对象的第一操作信息确定所述物流对象的操作类别；
    在通过所述物流对象的电子标签确认所述物流对象后，根据操作类别确定对所述物流对象执行的第二操作；
    将根据所述物流对象信息生成的申报信息、和/或执行所述第二操作产生的第二操作信息写入分布式数据库的第三节点的数据区块中。
  17. 根据权利要求16所述的方法，其特征在于，所述根据操作类别确定对所述物流对象执行的第二操作的步骤包括：
    当确定操作类别为第一类别时，执行通过操作；
    当确定操作类别为第二类别时，执行检验操作。
  18. 根据权利要求16所述的方法，其特征在于，所述方法还包括：
    将所述申报信息和/或所述第二操作信息写入所述电子标签中。
  19. 根据权利要求16所述的方法，其特征在于，所述将所述申报信息和/或执行所述第二操作产生的第二操作信息写入分布式数据库的第三节点的数据区块中的步骤包括：
    获取所述第二节点的地址信息并确定第三节点的数据区块；
    将所述第二节点的地址信息、所述申报信息和/或执行所述第二操作产生的第二操作信息上传至第三节点的数据区块中。
  20. 一种物流对象信息管理系统，包括电子标签、第一处理装置、第二处理装置和分布式数据库，其中：
    所述分布式数据库包括第一节点和第二节点；
    所述电子标签与物流对象关联，所述电子标签中存储有物流对象信息；
    所述第一处理装置用于将所述物流对象信息上传至分布式数据库的第一节点的数据区块中；
    所述第二处理装置用于从所述第一节点的数据区块中获取所述物流对象信息，确定针对所述物流对象的操作，并在通过所述电子标签检测到所述物流对象并执行对应的第一操作后，将根据所述物流对象信息生成的申报信息和/或执行所述第一操作产生的第一操作信息写入分布式数据库的第二节点的数据区块中。
  21. 根据权利要求20所述的系统，其特征在于，所述第二处理装置还用于修改所述物流对象信息，并将修改的物流对象信息写入所述电子标签。
  22. 根据权利要求20所述的系统，其特征在于，所述第二处理装置还用于将所述第一操作信息写入电子标签。
  23. 根据权利要求20所述的系统，其特征在于，所述分布式数据库还包括第三节点，
    所述系统还包括第三处理装置，用于获取所述申报信息和/或所述第一操作信息，确定针对所述物流对象的操作；以及在通过所述电子标签检测到所述物流对象并执行对应的操作后，将所述申报信息和/或执行第二操作产生的第二操作信息写入分布式数据库的第三节点的数据区块中。
  24. 一种分布式数据库，包括
    第一节点，包括数据区块，用于存储第一客户端上传的物流对象关联的物流对象信息；
    第二节点，包括数据区块，用于存储所述第一节点的地址信息、第二客户端上传的基于所述物流对象信息产生的申报信息，和/或第二客户端上传的物流对象关联的第一操作信息。
  25. 根据权利要求的24所述的分布式数据库，其中，所述分布式数据库还包括：
    第三节点，用于存储第二节点的地址信息、所述申报信息、所述第二客户端上传的第一操作信息和/或第三客户端上传的第二操作信息。
  26. 根据权利要求25所述的分布式数据库，其特征在于，所述物流对象信息包括：交易信息、物流对象属性信息、物流信息其中至少一者。
  27. 根据权利要求25所述的分布式数据库，其特征在于，所述第一操作信息包括第一检验操作、申报操作其中一者；所述第二操作信息包括第二检验操作。
  28. 根据权利要求25所述的分布式数据库，其特征在于，所述第二节点还包括计算区块，用于计算所述第一节点的地址信息对应的hash值；所述第三节点还包括计算区块，用于计算所述第二节点的地址信息对应的hash值。
  29. 一种终端设备，其特征在于，包括：
    一个或多个处理器；和
    其上存储有指令的一个或多个机器可读介质，当由所述一个或多个处理器执行时，使得所述终端设备执行如权利要求1-19中一个或多个所述的方法。
  30. 一个或多个机器可读介质，其上存储有指令，当由一个或多个处理器执行时，使得终端设备执行如权利要求1-19中一个或多个所述的方法。
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