WO2020073309A1 - 基于一体化主板的地貌仪主机 - Google Patents
基于一体化主板的地貌仪主机 Download PDFInfo
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- WO2020073309A1 WO2020073309A1 PCT/CN2018/110020 CN2018110020W WO2020073309A1 WO 2020073309 A1 WO2020073309 A1 WO 2020073309A1 CN 2018110020 W CN2018110020 W CN 2018110020W WO 2020073309 A1 WO2020073309 A1 WO 2020073309A1
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- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01C—MEASURING DISTANCES, LEVELS OR BEARINGS; SURVEYING; NAVIGATION; GYROSCOPIC INSTRUMENTS; PHOTOGRAMMETRY OR VIDEOGRAMMETRY
- G01C15/00—Surveying instruments or accessories not provided for in groups G01C1/00 - G01C13/00
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- the invention belongs to the technical field of soil and water conservation research devices, and relates to a geomorphology host based on an integrated main board, which is a device capable of real-time dynamic observation of three-dimensional geomorphology.
- post-rain survey method is a method for inferring the amount of soil erosion by investigating the landform characteristics after rainfall.
- non-contact measurement methods such as laser scanners makes it possible to monitor high-risk terrain on the site of gravity erosion.
- some of the falling slumps have been washed away by water flow, or part of the soil input from the upstream will be deposited in the slumps, resulting in observation errors.
- the dynamic observation method in the rain refers to comprehensively judging the type and amount of soil erosion by continuously observing the erosion occurrence process and the shape of the erosion accumulation body during the occurrence of the soil erosion event. This method can monitor the process of soil occurrence, but it is very difficult to implement and few related research results.
- the first inventor of this patent and his team used structured light technology to develop a three-dimensional topography dynamic observation instrument-a topography instrument. The team has been developing since 2009.
- the above geomorphometer still has the following shortcomings: (1) If the geomorphological host at the test site is moved, the position and angle of the inline laser module in the host may change, that is, the equidistant , Parallel laser and other high-level surfaces will produce large errors. Therefore, it is necessary to calibrate the position and angle of the inline laser module in the host computer before the host computer can be repositioned for test observation. The calibration work of the above geomorphology instrument is more tedious and time-consuming. (2) The requirements of different observation ranges of the experiment determine the height of the geomorphology instrument, but a certain height of the geomorphology instrument can not meet the needs of multiple experimental observations at the same time.
- the present invention upgrades and transforms the original geomorphological host, and redesigns the geomorphological host based on the integrated motherboard that uses the U-shaped card to accurately position the inline laser module, and realizes the When the main unit of the instrument is moved, it can still maintain high accuracy; and the main unit of the segmented geomorphometer is designed to adapt to the change of the height of the test range and realize the real-time observation of the needs of different test ranges.
- the technical problem to be solved by the present invention is to propose a new type of geomorphological host that can conveniently and accurately fix the spacing and angle of the inline laser module, and can simultaneously meet the requirements of observing different ranges.
- a geomorphology host based on an integrated mainboard including an integrated mainboard 2, a segmented mainframe chassis 3 and a low-voltage power box 1, capable of emitting parallel and equidistant laser contours and projecting onto the observation terrain required by the test;
- the integrated main board 2 is mainly composed of a U-shaped card 7, an inline laser module 6, a metal base plate 5 and a channel steel 8; the U-shaped card 7 has multiple, inline laser modules
- the group 6 is fixed in the protruding notch in the middle of the U-shaped card 7, the two ends of the U-shaped card 7 are provided with screw holes, the metal bottom plate 5 is evenly distributed with a plurality of fixing holes, the screw holes on the U-shaped card 7 and the metal Corresponding to the fixing holes on the bottom plate 5, through the cooperation of bolts and screw holes and fixing holes, multiple sets of U-shaped cards 7 and inline laser modules 6 are fixed on the metal bottom plate 5 at equal intervals; adjacent U-shaped cards
- the center spacing of 7 is the spacing of the contour plane of the linear laser module 6 emitting laser; the diameter of the screw hole of the U-shaped card 7 is larger than the diameter of the fixed hole of the metal base plate 5, and the linear laser is adjusted by adjusting the bolt
- the segmented mainframe chassis 3 is composed of multi-segment chassis splicing.
- the adjacent chassis is fixedly connected by a horizontal wing plate 11 to be integrated into one body to adapt to different test heights; the inline laser model between adjacent integrated mainboards 2 Group 6 still keeps emitting the equidistant laser surface;
- the top of the segmented mainframe chassis 3 is provided with a reinforced cover plate 10 to provide security protection for the integrated mainboard 2 in the segmented mainframe chassis 3;
- the straight side wing plate 9 is used to further fix the segmented mainframe chassis 3 and the base 4;
- the segmented mainframe chassis 3 is installed on the base 4 through the horizontal wing plate 11 at the bottom thereof, and a vertical is fixed on the base 4
- the straight plate and the vertical plate are integrally fixed with the side wing plate 9 on the lowermost chassis of the segmented mainframe chassis 3;
- the bottom of the base 4 is provided with base support feet 13, and the upper surface of the base 4 is provided with a level Be
- Each section of the segmented mainframe chassis 3 has a box structure with upper and lower openings, and one side is a detachable side panel 15 of the chassis, which is convenient for the installation of the integrated mainboard 2;
- the bolt is fixedly installed on the side plate 15 of the chassis, and the bolt is fixed in the groove of the channel steel 8, the channel steel 8 is in contact with the side plate 15 of the chassis, and the integrated main board 2 is located inside the chassis;
- the one-in, multiple-out connection cable 21 connected to the group 6 passes through the outlet hole 14;
- a fan 16 is installed on the side of the cabinet where the outlet hole 14 and the equidistant laser emitting hole 17 are located for heat dissipation;
- the low-voltage power box 1 is mainly composed of a vertical panel porous board 19, a multi-outlet cable 21, a power adapter 20, and a ventilating and cooling device 18;
- the power connector of the word line laser module 6 is connected to the power adapter 20.
- the power adapter 20 converts the external power supply into a weak current power of 3 ⁇ 5V to supply power to the word line laser module 6.
- a plurality of power adapters 20 are inserted in the stand On the panel-type porous board 19, the vertical panel-type porous board 19 is connected to the main power supply to provide power for the host; the ventilation and heat dissipation device 18 is composed of multiple fans and is installed inside the low-voltage power box 1 to ventilate the low-voltage power box .
- the launch angle of the linear laser module and its fixed position on the main board of the geomorphology instrument are realized by the U-shaped clip clamping the linear laser module for micro translation and rotation. Both adjustments can be performed at the same time. In order to realize that the laser module emission planes are parallel and equidistant from each other.
- Figure 1 is a schematic diagram of a geomorphology host based on an integrated motherboard
- Figure 2 is a partial view of an integrated motherboard
- Figure 3 is a schematic diagram of the installation of the segmented main box
- Figure 4 (a) is a schematic diagram of the structure of the segmented main box a;
- Figure 4 (b) is a schematic structural view b of the segmented main box
- Figure 5 is a schematic structural view of a low-voltage power box
- FIG. 6 is an internal view of A in a partial view 2 of the integrated main board.
- 1 low-voltage power supply box 1 low-voltage power supply box; 2 integrated motherboard; 3 segmented mainframe chassis; 4 base; 5 metal bottom plate; 6 inline laser module; 7U card; 8 channel steel; 9 flanking plates; 10 Reinforced cover plate; 11 horizontal wing plates; 12 leveling beads; 13 base support feet; 14 outlet holes; 15 removable chassis side plates; 16 fans; 17 equidistant laser emission holes; 18 ventilation and cooling devices; 19 vertical Panel multi-hole plug-in board; 20 power adapter; 21 one in and one out cable.
- a geomorphology host based on an integrated motherboard includes an integrated motherboard 2, a segmented host chassis 3, and a low-voltage power box 1.
- the specific installation steps are as follows:
- Step 1 Adjustment and installation of integrated motherboard 2
- the inline laser module 6 is fixed to the metal base plate 5 by a U-shaped card 7 protruding from the middle through a bolt with a rubber pad. Since the screw hole diameter of the U-shaped card 7 is larger than the diameter of the corresponding fixing hole on the metal base plate 5 Slightly larger, when fixing the in-line laser module 6, the horizontal laser surface emitted by the in-line laser module 6 can be translated up and down by slightly translating or rotating the U-shaped card 7, and the bolt is attached There are rubber pads to enhance the firmness of the U-shaped card 7 and the metal motherboard 5 to the inline laser module 6, which reduces the inline laser module 6 in the integrated motherboard 2 during the movement of the integrated motherboard 2 The position and launch angle are affected.
- the channel steel 8 After fine-tuning the line-shaped laser modules 6 so that the laser lines they emit are parallel and equidistant from each other, the channel steel 8 has the characteristics of large disturbance and its own groove, and the metal bottom plate 5 is fixed to the groove by bolts On the steel 8, the integrated main board 2 is not easily deformed when placed vertically.
- the inline laser module 6 configured on the mainframe-based geomorphological host has the characteristics of high reliability, strong stability, strong anti-interference, and long service life.
- the diameter of the red line laser module 6 is only 16mm, but the expected service life can reach 10000-12000 hours.
- Step 2 Installation of the segmented main chassis 3
- Step 3 Installation of the main unit of the geomorphology instrument and the low-voltage power box 1
- the one-in multi-outlet cable 21 passing through the outlet hole 14 on the back side of the segmented main chassis 3 is connected to the power adapter 20 of the inline laser module 6, the transformer configured by the power adapter 20 is fixed in the low-voltage power box 1 Inside, the plug is inserted on the vertical panel porous plug 19; the power cord of the vertical panel porous plug 19 is connected to the 220V mains power, and the switch of the vertical panel porous plug 19 is turned on, which can be a word inside the geomorphology instrument
- the linear laser module 6 supplies power.
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Abstract
本发明属于水土保持研究装置技术领域，涉及一种基于一体化主板的地貌仪主机，是一种可进行实时三维地貌动态观测的装置。利用U型卡对一字线型激光模组的精确定位，从而发出平行、等距的激光等高面，投射到试验需求的观测地形上。通过U型卡确定了激光模组在主板上的固定位置，既实现了激光模组的发射角度和相邻激光模组间距的便捷调节，又保证了在地貌仪主机被移动的情况下激光模组的位置和角度的较高精度。通过多个分段式机箱的任意拼接，实现了对不同试验范围需求的实时观测。本发明是一种方便且准确地固定激光模组间距和发射角度，且同时满足观测不同范围高度要求的新型地貌仪主机。
Description
本发明属于水土保持研究装置技术领域，涉及一种基于一体化主板的地貌仪主机，是一种可进行实时三维地貌动态观测的装置。
由于土壤侵蚀现象的复杂性，研究中多寻求可靠的方法对侵蚀地貌进行观测分析以期获得其发生机理。综观国内外土壤侵蚀的观测方法，可以归纳为雨后调查法和雨中动态观测法两种。雨后调查法是通过调查降雨后的地貌特征，反推水土流失量的方法。激光扫描仪等非接触式测量方法技术的介入，使重力侵蚀现场高危地形的监测成为可能。但是，在当次降雨过程中或者前几次降雨后，下落的崩滑体中一部分已被水流冲走，或者从上游输入的部分土壤会沉积在崩落体中，从而造成观测误差。雨中动态观测法是指在土壤侵蚀事件发生过程中，通过连续观测侵蚀发生过程和侵蚀堆积体形态，综合判断土壤侵蚀的类型及其侵蚀量。这种方法能够监测土壤发生的过程，但实施难度很大，相关研究成果很少。本专利的第一发明人及其所在的团队，利用结构光技术，研制了三维地貌的动态观测仪器——地貌仪。该团队自2009年开始研制，至今已研制成功出5代地貌仪样机、获6项授权国家发明专利（ZL201310422836.6；ZL201310422447.3；ZL201010502055.4；ZL201010502051.6；ZL201010144689.7；ZL201010144655.8），实现了降雨模拟试验中沟坡重力侵蚀过程的定量、动态观测。如张红武教授主持的国家自然科学基金重点项目（5139003）模型试验中溃坝冲刷量的观测以及本专利的第一发明人主持的国家自然科学基金项目（51079016；51179021）相关试验的重力侵蚀观测，均是采用上述地貌仪观测装置和方法实现的。
但是，上述地貌仪仍存在以下缺点：（1）在试验现场的地貌仪主机如果被移动以后，主机中一字线型激光模组的位置、角度可能发生变化，即地貌仪主机发出的等距、平行激光等高面会产生较大误差。因此需要对主机中一字线型激光模组的位置和角度进行校准后，主机才能被重新定位、用于试验观测，而上述地貌仪的校准工作较繁琐、耗时。（2）由于试验的不同观测范围需求决定了地貌仪的高度，但一定的地貌仪高度无法同时满足多个试验观测需求。针对以上问题，本发明将原有的地貌仪主机进行了升级和改造，重新设计了利用U型卡对一字线型激光模组精确定位的基于一体化主板的地貌仪主机，实现了在地貌仪主机被移动的情况下，仍然能保持较高的精度；并且设计了分段式地貌仪主机，以适应试验范围高度的变化，实现对不同试验范围需求的实时观测。
本发明要解决的技术问题是提出一种方便且准确固定一字线型激光模组间距和角度，且能够同时满足观测不同范围要求的新型地貌仪主机。
本发明的技术方案：
一种基于一体化主板的地貌仪主机，包括一体化主板2、分段式主机机箱3和低压电源箱1，能够发出平行、等距的激光等高面，投射到试验需求的观测地形上；
所述的一体化主板2，主要由U型卡7、一字线型激光模组6、金属底板5和槽钢8组成；所述的U型卡7有多个，一字线型激光模组6固定在U型卡7的中间凸出的槽口内，U型卡7的两端边沿设有螺丝孔，金属底板5上均布多个固定孔，U型卡7上的螺丝孔与金属底板5上的固定孔相对应，通过螺栓与螺丝孔和固定孔的配合，将多组U型卡7和一字线型激光模组6等间距固定在金属底板5上；相邻U型卡7的中心间距为一字线型激光模组6发射出激光等高面的间距；U型卡7的螺丝孔直径大于金属底板5的固定孔直径，通过调节螺栓以实现对一字线型激光模组6在一体化主板2上固定位置的微幅调节；所述的金属底板5上均匀设有多个安装孔，通过安装孔与螺栓的配合将金属底板5固定在槽钢8上，槽钢8上下表面设有凹槽，螺栓固定在凹槽内，最终达到一体化主板2竖直放置时不易变形的目的；
所述的分段式主机机箱3，由多段机箱拼接组成，相邻机箱通过水平翼板11固定连接成为一体，以适应不同的试验高度；相邻一体化主板2间的一字线型激光模组6仍保持发射出等距激光面；分段式主机机箱3的顶端设有加固盖板10，为分段式主机机箱3内的一体化主板2提供安全防护；机箱的一侧面设有竖直的侧翼板9，用于将分段式主机机箱3与基座4进一步固定；分段式主机机箱3通过其底部的水平翼板11安装在基座4上，基座4上固定有竖直板，竖直板与分段式主机机箱3最下端机箱上的侧翼板9固定为一体；所述的基座4的底部装有基座支撑脚13，基座4的上表面设有水准珠12，通过调节基座支撑脚13使水准珠12中的水准气泡居中，从而使一体化主板2发射出的平行且等间距激光等高面为水平激光面，利于对地貌仪进行校准及后续观测与计算；
所述的分段式主机机箱3的每节机箱，为上下开口的箱体结构，其中一个侧面为可拆卸的机箱侧板15，便于一体化主板2的安装；所述的一体化主板2通过螺栓固定安装在机箱侧板15上，螺栓固定在槽钢8的凹槽内，槽钢8与机箱侧板15相接触，一体化主板2位于机箱内部；机箱侧板15相邻的两侧面上，分别设有出线孔14和等距的激光发射孔17，一字线型激光模组6通过等距的激光发射孔17投射出平行且等间距激光等高面，与一字线型激光模组6连接的一进多出连接线21从出线孔14中穿出；出线孔14和等距的激光发射孔17所在的机箱侧面上安装有风扇16，用于散热；
所述的低压电源箱1，主要由立式面板多孔插板19、一进多出连接线21、电源适配器20和通风散热装置18组成；所述的一进多出连接线21将多个一字线型激光模组6的电源接头与电源适配器20连接，电源适配器20将外接电源转换为3~5V的弱电电源，为一字线型激光模组6供电，多个电源适配器20插在立式面板多孔插板19上，立式面板多孔插板19与总电源连接为主机提供电源；通风散热装置18由多个风扇组成，安装在低压电源箱1的内部，为低压电源箱1通风散热。
本发明的有益效果：
1、一字线型激光模组的发射角度及其在地貌仪主板的固定位置通过U型卡夹住一字线型激光模组进行微幅平移及转动来实现，两种调节能够同时进行，以实现激光模组发射平面间相互平行且等距。
2、多个地貌仪主机箱进行任意拼接组装能够满足试验需求的观测范围，弥补了因试验范围偏高而无法进行观测的缺点。
图1是基于一体化主板的地貌仪主机示意图；
图2是一体化主板的局部视图；
图3是分段式主机箱的安装示意图；
图4（a）是分段式主机箱的结构示意图a；
图4（b）是分段式主机箱的结构示意图b；
图5是低压电源箱的结构示意图；
图6是一体化主板的局部视图2中A的内部视图。
图中：1低压电源箱；2一体化主板；3分段式主机机箱；4基座；5金属底板；6一字线型激光模组；7U型卡；8槽钢；9侧翼板；10加固盖板；11水平翼板；12水准珠；13基座支撑脚；14出线孔；15可拆卸的机箱侧板；16风扇；17等距的激光发射孔；18通风散热装置；19立式面板多孔插板；20电源适配器；21一进多出连接线。
下面结合具体实施案例和说明书附图对本发明作进一步阐述。
如图1-图6所示，一种基于一体化主板的地貌仪主机，包括一体化主板2、分段式主机机箱3和低压电源箱1，具体安装步骤如下：
步骤1：一体化主板2的调节与安装
一字线型激光模组6被中间凸出的U型卡7通过带有橡胶垫的螺栓固定在金属底板5上，由于U型卡7的螺丝孔直径比金属底板5上对应固定孔的直径略大，在固定一字线型激光模组6时，通过对U型卡7进行微幅平移或转动，实现一字线型激光模组6发射出的水平激光面上下平移，且螺栓上带有橡胶垫，增强U型卡7和金属主板5对一字线型激光模组6的牢固性，降低了在一体化主板2移动的过程中一字线型激光模组6在一体化主板2上的位置及发射角度受到的影响。当对一字线型激光模组6进行微调使它们发射的激光线相互平行且等距后，利用槽钢8具有扰度大及自带凹槽的特性，通过螺栓将金属底板5固定在槽钢8上，实现其在竖直放置时一体化主板2不易变形。基于一体化主板的地貌仪主机所配置的一字线型激光模组6具有可靠性高、稳定性强、抗干扰性强、使用寿命长等特点。红色一字线型激光模组6的直径仅仅16mm，但预期的使用寿命可达10000-12000小时。
步骤2：分段式主机箱3的安装
将一体化主板2上的一字线型激光模组6与一进多出连接线21连接，利用螺栓及槽钢8上的凹槽将一体化主板2和分段式主机机箱3的外壳进行连接固定，将一进多出连接线21从分段式主机箱3背侧的出线孔14穿出，完成地貌仪主机单体组装；根据试验需要观测范围的高度，通过螺栓将相邻两个机箱单体两侧的水平翼板11连接固定，多个完整的地貌仪主机单体通过组装成为试验所需的三维观测装置；在分段式主机箱3上方安装加固盖板10，为一体化主板2提供安全防护；将分段式主机箱3下部的侧翼板9和水平翼板11与基座4通过螺栓衔接，调整基座4底部的基座支撑脚13，使得水准珠12中的水准气泡精确居中。
步骤3：地貌仪主机与低压电源箱1的安装
从分段式主机箱3背侧的出线孔14穿出的一进多出连接线21与一字线型激光模组6的电源适配器20连接，电源适配器20配置的变压器固定在低压电源箱1的内部，插头插在立式面板多孔插板19上；立式面板多孔插板19的电源线与220V总电源连接，打开立式面板多孔插板19的开关，可为地貌仪内部的一字线型激光模组6供电。
Claims (1)
- 一种基于一体化主板的地貌仪主机，其特征在于，所述的基于一体化主板的地貌仪主机包括一体化主板（2）、分段式主机机箱（3）和低压电源箱（1），能够发出平行、等距的激光等高面，投射到试验需求的观测地形上；所述的一体化主板（2），主要由U型卡（7）、一字线型激光模组（6）、金属底板（5）和槽钢（8）组成；所述的U型卡（7）有多个，一字线型激光模组（6）固定在U型卡（7）的中间凸出的槽口内，U型卡（7）的两端边沿设有螺丝孔，金属底板（5）上均布多个固定孔，U型卡（7）上的螺丝孔与金属底板（5）上的固定孔相对应，通过螺栓与螺丝孔和固定孔的配合，将多组U型卡（7）和一字线型激光模组（6）等间距固定在金属底板（5）上；相邻U型卡（7）的中心间距为一字线型激光模组（6）发射出激光等高面的间距；U型卡（7）的螺丝孔直径大于金属底板（5）的固定孔直径，通过调节螺栓以实现对一字线型激光模组（6）在一体化主板（2）上固定位置的微幅调节；所述的金属底板（5）上均匀设有多个安装孔，通过安装孔与螺栓的配合将金属底板（5）固定在槽钢（8）上，槽钢（8）上下表面设有凹槽，螺栓固定在凹槽内，最终达到一体化主板（2）竖直放置时不易变形的目的；所述的分段式主机机箱（3），由多段机箱拼接组成，相邻机箱通过水平翼板（11）固定连接成为一体，以适应不同的试验高度；相邻一体化主板（2）间的一字线型激光模组（6）仍保持发射出等距激光面；分段式主机机箱（3）的顶端设有加固盖板（10），为分段式主机机箱（3）内的一体化主板（2）提供安全防护；机箱的一侧面设有竖直的侧翼板（9），用于将分段式主机机箱（3）与基座（4）进一步固定；分段式主机机箱（3）通过其底部的水平翼板（11）安装在基座（4）上，基座（4）上固定有竖直板，竖直板与分段式主机机箱（3）最下端机箱上的侧翼板（9）固定为一体；所述的基座（4）的底部装有基座支撑脚（13），基座（4）的上表面设有水准珠（12），通过调节基座支撑脚（13）使水准珠（12）中的水准气泡居中，从而使一体化主板（2）发射出的平行且等间距激光等高面为水平激光面，利于对地貌仪进行校准及后续观测与计算；所述的分段式主机机箱（3）的每节机箱，为上下开口的箱体结构，其中一个侧面为可拆卸的机箱侧板（15），便于一体化主板（2）的安装；所述的一体化主板（2）通过螺栓固定安装在机箱侧板（15）上，螺栓固定在槽钢（8）的凹槽内，槽钢（8）与机箱侧板（15）相接触，一体化主板（2）位于机箱内部；机箱侧板（15）相邻的两侧面上，分别设有出线孔（14）和等距的激光发射孔（17），一字线型激光模组（6）通过等距的激光发射孔（17）投射出平行且等间距激光等高面，与一字线型激光模组（6）连接的一进多出连接线（21）从出线孔（14）中穿出；出线孔（14）和等距的激光发射孔（17）所在的机箱侧面上安装有风扇（16），用于散热；所述的低压电源箱（1），主要由立式面板多孔插板（19）、一进多出连接线（21）、电源适配器（20）和通风散热装置（18）组成；所述的一进多出连接线（21）将多个一字线型激光模组（6）的电源接头与电源适配器（20）连接，电源适配器（20）将外接电源转换为3~5V的弱电电源，为一字线型激光模组（6）供电，多个电源适配器（20）插在立式面板多孔插板（19）上，立式面板多孔插板（19）与总电源连接为主机提供电源；通风散热装置（18）由多个风扇组成，安装在低压电源箱（1）的内部，为低压电源箱（1）通风散热。
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| CN103487566A (zh) * | 2013-09-16 | 2014-01-01 | 大连理工大学 | 一种用于沟坡重力侵蚀现场试验的观测方法 |
| CN108534758A (zh) * | 2018-04-08 | 2018-09-14 | 大连理工大学 | 基于机械微调双主机的地貌观测装置 |
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| JP2005010065A (ja) * | 2003-06-20 | 2005-01-13 | Toshiba Corp | 崩落検知システム、および崩落検地方法 |
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