WO2020073253A1 - 一种检测浸水的方法、电路及电子设备 - Google Patents

一种检测浸水的方法、电路及电子设备 Download PDF

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Publication number
WO2020073253A1
WO2020073253A1 PCT/CN2018/109714 CN2018109714W WO2020073253A1 WO 2020073253 A1 WO2020073253 A1 WO 2020073253A1 CN 2018109714 W CN2018109714 W CN 2018109714W WO 2020073253 A1 WO2020073253 A1 WO 2020073253A1
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Prior art keywords
electrical interface
pin
electronic device
circuit
detecting
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PCT/CN2018/109714
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English (en)
French (fr)
Inventor
张昊
夏豪
鹿楠
张俊
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华为技术有限公司
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Publication date
Application filed by 华为技术有限公司 filed Critical 华为技术有限公司
Priority to PCT/CN2018/109714 priority Critical patent/WO2020073253A1/zh
Priority to US17/284,398 priority patent/US11566964B2/en
Priority to EP18936514.1A priority patent/EP3855193B1/en
Priority to CN201880091242.2A priority patent/CN111868535B/zh
Publication of WO2020073253A1 publication Critical patent/WO2020073253A1/zh

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    • G—PHYSICS
    • G01—MEASURING; TESTING
    • G01M—TESTING STATIC OR DYNAMIC BALANCE OF MACHINES OR STRUCTURES; TESTING OF STRUCTURES OR APPARATUS, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • G01M3/00—Investigating fluid-tightness of structures
    • G01M3/02—Investigating fluid-tightness of structures by using fluid or vacuum
    • G01M3/04—Investigating fluid-tightness of structures by using fluid or vacuum by detecting the presence of fluid at the leakage point
    • G01M3/16—Investigating fluid-tightness of structures by using fluid or vacuum by detecting the presence of fluid at the leakage point using electric detection means
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G01—MEASURING; TESTING
    • G01M—TESTING STATIC OR DYNAMIC BALANCE OF MACHINES OR STRUCTURES; TESTING OF STRUCTURES OR APPARATUS, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • G01M3/00—Investigating fluid-tightness of structures
    • G01M3/40—Investigating fluid-tightness of structures by using electric means, e.g. by observing electric discharges
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01R—ELECTRICALLY-CONDUCTIVE CONNECTIONS; STRUCTURAL ASSOCIATIONS OF A PLURALITY OF MUTUALLY-INSULATED ELECTRICAL CONNECTING ELEMENTS; COUPLING DEVICES; CURRENT COLLECTORS
    • H01R13/00—Details of coupling devices of the kinds covered by groups H01R12/70 or H01R24/00 - H01R33/00
    • H01R13/66—Structural association with built-in electrical component
    • H01R13/665—Structural association with built-in electrical component with built-in electronic circuit
    • H01R13/6683—Structural association with built-in electrical component with built-in electronic circuit with built-in sensor

Definitions

  • the present application relates to the field of circuit technology, in particular to a method, circuit and electronic device for detecting water immersion.
  • USB Universal Serial Bus
  • Pogo pin headphone jack
  • SIM card interface SIM card interface
  • mic speaker sound aisle
  • the photoelectric water immersion sensor can be used for detection, or the float type liquid level detection method can be used for detection.
  • the electrical interface or device to be tested needs to be completely immersed in water to detect the immersion.
  • the electrical interface is not completely immersed in water, but is splashed with a small amount of water or a small amount of sweat.
  • these two existing detection methods cannot be detected.
  • This application provides a method, circuit and electronic device for detecting water immersion, which can detect whether the electrical interface is immersed in a small amount of water, and can also be detected when the electrical interface is in a charged state, which is helpful to improve the accuracy of detecting electrical interface immersion degree.
  • the present application provides a method for detecting water immersion, which can be applied to electronic equipment including a first electrical interface, a resistance module and an AC signal source.
  • One end of the resistance module is electrically connected to the first pin of the first electrical interface and the other end It is electrically connected to the AC signal source, and the ground pin of the first electrical interface is grounded when the first electrical interface is working.
  • the method includes:
  • the AC signal source of the electronic device outputs an AC detection signal; the electronic device detects the maximum voltage value and the minimum voltage value on the first pin within the period of the AC detection signal; if the difference between the maximum voltage value and the minimum voltage value is less than the first The threshold value, then the electronic device determines that the first electrical interface is flooded.
  • the detection method provided by the embodiments of the present application can improve the accuracy of the electronic device in detecting flooding.
  • the resistance module, the AC signal source, and the devices used in the voltage detection circuit used in the method provided in the embodiments of the present application have lower costs.
  • the total resistance of the resistance module is greater than 100 kiloohms; the frequency of the AC detection signal is between 10 and 50 Hz.
  • outputting the AC detection signal by the AC signal source of the electronic device includes: when it is detected that the first electrical interface is in the charging state, the electronic device controls the AC signal source to output the AC detection signal; or, in response to detecting the user When the detection function is turned on, the electronic device controls the AC signal source to output the AC detection signal; or, when it is detected that the electronic device is in the power-on state, the electronic device controls the AC signal source to output the AC detection signal.
  • a circuit for detecting flooding of an electrical interface including: a first electrical interface, the first electrical interface includes: a ground pin for grounding when the first electrical interface is in operation; and a first pin; a resistance module , One end is electrically connected to the first pin; the AC signal source is electrically connected to the other end of the resistance module to generate an AC detection signal; the voltage detection module is connected to the first pin to detect the period of the AC detection signal The maximum voltage value and the minimum voltage value on the first pin in the controller; the controller, respectively connected to the AC signal source and the voltage detection module, is used to control the AC signal source to generate an AC detection signal, as well as the maximum voltage value and the minimum voltage value When the difference is less than the first threshold, it is determined that the first electrical interface is flooded.
  • the first electrical interface further includes a power pin, which is used to connect to the working power when the first electrical interface is in operation.
  • the first electrical interface is a universal serial bus USB interface.
  • the first interface is an ID pin.
  • the voltage detection module is an analog-to-digital converter.
  • the controller is a processor.
  • an electronic device in a third aspect, includes: a processor, a memory, a first electrical interface, a resistance module, and an AC signal source.
  • One end of the resistance module is electrically connected to the first pin of the first electrical interface, and the other end is connected to an AC signal
  • the source is electrically connected.
  • the ground pin of the first electrical interface is grounded when the first electrical interface is in operation.
  • the AC signal source is connected to the processor.
  • the processor is coupled to the memory.
  • the memory is used to store computer program code.
  • the computer program code includes computer instructions. When the processor reads the computer instructions from the memory, so that the terminal executes the method for detecting water inundation of the electrical interface as in the first aspect and any possible implementation manner of the first aspect.
  • an electronic device includes: the circuit for detecting water ingress of an electrical interface as in the second aspect and any possible implementation manner of the second aspect.
  • FIG. 1A is a circuit diagram 1 of detecting a USB interface immersion in the prior art
  • FIG. 1B is a second circuit diagram of detecting a USB interface flooding in the prior art
  • FIG. 1C is a circuit diagram 3 of detecting a flooding of a USB interface in the prior art
  • FIG. 2A is a circuit diagram 1 for detecting flooding of a USB interface provided by an embodiment of the present application.
  • FIG. 2B is a circuit diagram 2 for detecting water intrusion of a USB interface provided by an embodiment of the present application
  • FIG. 2C is a circuit diagram 3 for detecting water intrusion of a USB interface according to an embodiment of the present application
  • FIG. 2D is a circuit diagram 4 for detecting water intrusion of a USB interface provided by an embodiment of the present application.
  • FIG. 2E is a circuit diagram 5 for detecting water intrusion of a USB interface provided by an embodiment of the present application.
  • FIG. 3 is a schematic structural diagram of an electronic device according to an embodiment of the present application.
  • the circuit 200 may include a USB interface 201, a DC detection power supply 202, and a voltage detection circuit 203.
  • a DC detection power supply 202 may be an analog-to-digital converter (ADC), and a voltage divider circuit 204.
  • ADC analog-to-digital converter
  • the USB interface 201 may be provided on a motherboard on the electronic device, and may charge the electronic device and / or a USB data transmission interface connector.
  • the USB interface 201 may include power pins (VBUS), data pins (D- and D +), ID pins (used to identify the end points of different cables), and ground pins (GND), these pins may be integrated on the same chip
  • the chip can be fixed on the shell of the USB socket.
  • the power pin can be used to access the power supply for the USB interface, such as a 5V DC power supply.
  • the data pin is used to receive / send signals transmitted via the USB data cable.
  • the ID pin can be used to transfer data between devices without a host (Host).
  • the ground pin is equivalent to the negative pole of the power supply.
  • the USB interface 201 is respectively connected to the voltage detection circuit 203 and the voltage dividing circuit 204 through the ID pin.
  • the voltage dividing circuit 204 includes a resistor R1 and a resistor R2 connected in series, one end of the resistor R1 and one end of the resistor R2 are connected to the ID pin.
  • the other end of the resistor R1 is connected to the DC detection current 202, and the other end of the resistor R2 is grounded.
  • the voltage detection circuit 203 is used to detect the voltage value of the ID pin to ground (which may be simply referred to as the voltage value on the ID pin).
  • the voltage detection circuit 203 can also be replaced with a current detection circuit, which is used to detect the current value flowing through the ID pin.
  • whether the USB interface is immersed in water can be determined by judging whether the detected voltage value on the ID pin (or the current value flowing through the point of the ID pin) has changed. If it is detected that the voltage value on the ID pin (or the current value flowing through the ID pin) changes, it can be considered that the USB interface is flooded.
  • the detection of the voltage value on the ID pin will be described as an example.
  • the voltage value on the ID pin can be detected as a fixed value.
  • the voltage detection circuit 203 detects that the voltage value on the ID pin is the divided value of the voltage value of the DC detection power supply 202 on R2. Since the voltage of the DC detection power supply 202 and the value of the voltage dividing resistors (R1 and R2) are constant, the voltage value detected on the ID pin is also a fixed value.
  • Va0 V detection / (1 + R1 / R2), where V detection is the voltage value output by the DC detection power supply 202, due to V detection , R1 and R2 are all fixed values, so Va0 is a fixed value. If the USB interface is still in an uncharged state, but when it is immersed in water, it can be detected that the voltage value on the ID pin is no longer the above-mentioned fixed value, but will change.
  • the equivalent resistance R3 forms an equivalent resistance for the water between the ID pin and the GND pin.
  • the equivalent resistance R3 is equivalent to parallel connection with the resistance R2 and then connected in series with R1.
  • the voltage value on the ID pin should be the divided voltage value after R2 and R3 are connected in parallel.
  • the resistance value after the parallel connection of R2 and R3 is different from the resistance value of R2 in the circuit 200, so the detected voltage value on the ID pin will change.
  • Va1 Vdetect / (1 + R1 / R2 + R1 / R3) when uncharged and immersed in water.
  • Va1 has an increased denominator of Va1, which is significantly smaller than Va0, so it can be judged that the USB interface is immersed by detecting the change in the voltage value on the ID pin.
  • the method of the circuit 200 can only be used for whether the USB interface is immersed in water when the USB interface is in an uncharged state. When the USB interface is in a charged state, this method detects whether the USB interface is immersed in water and an inaccurate situation occurs. The reasons are as follows:
  • FIG. 1C it is a circuit diagram 400 formed when the USB interface is in a charged state after the USB interface is immersed in water.
  • the equivalent resistance R3 is formed by water between the ID pin and the GND pin
  • the equivalent resistance R4 is formed by water between the VBUS pin and the ID pin.
  • the VBUS pin is connected to the DC charging power supply during USB charging (the voltage value is recorded as Vbus).
  • the equivalent circuit diagram of the circuit 400 is shown in (2) in FIG. 1C. It can be seen from the equivalent circuit diagram: Compared with the circuit shown in (2) in FIG. 1A, when the USB is immersed in water, the equivalent resistance R3 and the equivalent resistance R4 formed on the ID pin are compared to the circuit when the USB is not charged and not immersed in water. The voltage value has an effect. Viewed separately, one, if you do not consider the effect of the equivalent resistance R4 and the DC charging power input at the VBUS pin. Since the total resistance value after the parallel connection of R3 and R2 becomes smaller, the divided voltage value also becomes smaller, that is, it will cause the detected voltage value on the ID pin to become smaller. 2. If the effect of equivalent resistance R3 is not considered.
  • the voltage value on the ID pin may be equal to the above under the combined influence of the equivalent resistance R3 and the equivalent resistance R4 and the DC power source connected to the VBUS pin
  • the fixed value of, or within the normal fluctuation range of the above fixed value may not detect the immersion of the USB interface.
  • the voltage value of the ID pin (point A) when charged and immersed in water is:
  • Va2 V check / (1 + R1 / R2 + R1 / R3 + R1 / R4) + Vbus / (1 + R4 / R1 + R4 / R2 + R4 / R3) Comparing Va2 and Va0, V check / (1+ R1 / R2 + R1 / R3 + R1 / R4) Compared with Va0, the denominator increases by R1 / R3 + R1 / R4, which is less than Va0, but Va2 has more Vbus / (1 + R4 / R1 than Va0 + R4 / R2 + R4 / R3) This part of the voltage, so Va2 may be equal to Va0, or they may not be very different (the difference is within the normal detection error range), or they may be quite different. It is detected whether the USB interface is immersed in water during charging.
  • the technical solution provided by the embodiments of the present application can be used to detect whether the leaked electrical interface or device in the electronic equipment is immersed in water. Regardless of whether the detected electrical interface or device is in a charged state, or if there is a constant voltage pin in the detected electrical interface or device, it can accurately detect whether the detected electrical interface or device is immersed in water.
  • the leaked electrical interfaces or devices in electronic equipment include, but are not limited to: USB interfaces, Pogo pins, headphone jacks, SIM card interfaces, and mic and speaker sound channels.
  • the technical solution provided by the embodiment of the present application can also be used to detect the immersion of a specific position in a module or surface inside an electronic device. The embodiments of the present application do not limit the detected objects and positions in the electronic device.
  • the circuit 500 includes a USB interface 501, a voltage detection circuit 502 (for example, an ADC), a processor 503, an AC signal source 504, and a resistance module (may include one or more resistances, which may be equivalent to the resistance Ra, and the following is a brief Is the resistance Ra).
  • a voltage detection circuit 502 for example, an ADC
  • a processor 503 for example, an AC signal source 504
  • a resistance module may include one or more resistances, which may be equivalent to the resistance Ra, and the following is a brief Is the resistance Ra).
  • USB interface 501 and the voltage detection circuit 502 are similar to those of the USB 201 and the voltage detection circuit 203 in the circuit 200 shown in (1) in FIG. 1A, and will not be repeated.
  • the model of the USB interface 501 and the number of power pins and GND pins included in the USB interface 501 are not limited, and except for the pins shown in FIG. 2A, the USB The interface 501 may also include other pins.
  • the first pin of the USB interface 501 is connected to one end of the resistor Ra and the input end of the voltage detection circuit 502 respectively.
  • the first pin may be any free pin in the USB interface 501, for example, it may be an ID pin.
  • the following uses the first pin as the ID pin as an example for description.
  • the other end of the resistor Ra is connected to the AC signal source 504.
  • the resistance of the resistor Ra is usually set to be much larger than the equivalent resistance of the USB interface immersed in water.
  • the resistance of the equivalent resistance of the USB interface immersed in water can be determined by a large number of experiments, including many factors including the composition of the water immersion, the amount of water immersed in the water, and the location of the water immersion.
  • the resistance value of the range Ra is used to determine the resistance value of the resistance Ra.
  • the embodiment of the present application does not limit the method of resistance Ra.
  • the equivalent resistance is usually 1K ohm (ohm) level, then the resistance of Ra can be set to a few hundred Kohm level.
  • Voltage detection circuit 502 the input terminal is connected to the ID pin, which is used to detect the voltage value of the ID pin to ground (may be referred to as the voltage value on the ID pin); The voltage value is output to the processor.
  • the AC power signal is used as the detection signal, therefore, the voltage value on the ID pin also changes periodically.
  • the voltage detection circuit 502 is used to detect the maximum value and the minimum value of the voltage value on the ID pin in one or more cycles, and hand over each detected voltage value to the processor 503 for processing.
  • the processor 503 may be a central processing unit (Central Processing Unit, CPU), or a specific integrated circuit (Application Specific Integrated Circuit, ASIC), or one or more integrated circuits configured to implement the embodiments of the present application. For example: one or more digital signal processors (Digital Signal Processor, DSP), or one or more field programmable gate arrays (Field Programmable Gate Array, FPGA).
  • the processor 503 is connected to the AC signal source 504 and the voltage detection circuit 502, respectively.
  • the processor 503 may be used to control the AC signal source 504 to output an AC signal through a general input / output (GPIO) interface, for example, to detect whether the USB interface 501 is submerged in water.
  • the AC signal output by the AC signal source 504 may be, for example, a square wave, a sine wave, or a triangle wave.
  • the frequency of the AC signal needs to be determined according to the capacitance value of the resistance Ra and the equivalent capacitance immersed in the USB interface. For the principle of determination, please refer to the following description of the principle of the detection method, which will not be repeated here.
  • the capacitance value of the equivalent capacitance of the USB interface immersed in water can be determined by a large number of experiments, including many factors including the composition of the water immersion, the amount of water immersed, and the location of the water immersion, to determine the approximate range of the capacitance value of the equivalent capacitance.
  • the capacitance value in this range is used to determine the frequency range of the AC detection signal.
  • the frequency value of the AC detection signal can be 10 to 50 Hz.
  • the processor 503 may control the AC signal source 504 to output an AC signal when it is detected that the electronic device is turned on.
  • the processor 503 may also control the AC signal source 504 to output an AC signal when detecting that the USB interface is in a charging state.
  • the processor 503 may also control the AC signal source 504 to output an AC signal after detecting that the user starts the operation of detecting the USB interface immersion function.
  • the embodiments of the present application do not limit this.
  • the processor 503 can also be used to calculate the peak-to-peak value of the voltage value detected by the voltage detection circuit 502 according to the voltage value collected by the voltage detection circuit 502 (that is, the maximum value and minimum value of the voltage value on the ID pin in one or more cycles Value difference) to determine whether the USB interface 201 is immersed in water. Specifically, if the change in the peak-to-peak value of the voltage value detected by the voltage detection circuit 502 is greater than the threshold value, it is considered that the USB interface is flooded. Otherwise, the USB interface is not submerged in water.
  • the maximum value and the minimum value of the detected voltage value in each cycle can be differentiated, and then the average value of the obtained differences can be determined as the peak-to-peak value. It is also possible to average the maximum value and the minimum value of each voltage value, and then the difference between the average value of the maximum value and the average value of the minimum value to obtain the peak-to-peak value.
  • the embodiment of the present application does not limit the specific calculation method of the peak-to-peak value.
  • the processor 503 may also be used to trigger corresponding protection measures of the electronic device after determining that the USB interface 501 is flooded, for example, prompting the user that the USB interface has been flooded, or adopting power-off protection and other measures.
  • the first scenario when the USB interface is in the charging state, detect whether it is immersed in water.
  • the circuit 500 When the USB interface is in an uncharged state and is not immersed in water, the circuit 500 is as shown in FIG. 2A.
  • the AC detection signal output by the AC signal source 504 in the circuit 500 is connected to the ID pin through a resistor Ra.
  • the voltage value on the detected ID pin can be about the voltage value of the AC detection power supply, then the peak-to-peak value of the voltage value on the ID pin is also about the peak-to-peak value of the voltage value of the AC detection signal.
  • a benchmark for comparison that is, the basis for setting the threshold.
  • the pins of the USB interface are filled with air, plastics, and other substances. After the USB is immersed in water, the pins of the USB interface are filled with water, and the dielectric constant of water is higher than that of air, plastics, etc., and the dielectric constant is proportional to the capacitance value. Therefore, the water between the pins of the USB interface will form an equivalent capacitance in addition to an equivalent resistance.
  • FIG. 2B it is a circuit 600 provided by an embodiment of the present application when the USB interface is in a charged state and is submerged in water.
  • the equivalent resistance Rb and equivalent capacitance Cb are formed by the water between the ID pin and the GND pin; the equivalent resistance Rc and equivalent capacitance Cc are between the ID pin and the VBUS pin Formed by water.
  • VBUS pin input DC power signal if the USB interface is in a charged state and is submerged in water.
  • the equivalent resistance Rb and equivalent capacitance Cb are formed by the water between the ID pin and the GND pin
  • the equivalent resistance Rc and equivalent capacitance Cc are between the ID pin and the VBUS pin Formed by water.
  • VBUS pin input DC power signal are input DC power signal.
  • the water immersed in the USB interface is highly conductive.
  • the circuit 600 includes two kinds of power signals: a DC charging signal and an AC detection signal. Looking at the two power signals separately, for the DC charging signal (the voltage value of which is recorded as Vbus), since the capacitor has the physical characteristics of passing AC resistance to DC, the equivalent resistances Cc and Cb do not affect the DC charging signal. It is equivalent to that the DC charging power supply is directly grounded through two series-connected equivalent resistance Rc and equivalent resistance Rb. As shown in (1) in Figure 2C. Obviously, at this time, the DC voltage on the ID pin is the voltage division value of the DC charging power supply on Rb (denoted as V1, which is equal to Vbus ⁇ Rb / (Rb + Rc)).
  • the VBUS pin is equivalent to ground (this is because the VBUS pin provides a DC power signal.
  • the AC signal is zero or very small, which can be equivalent to ground).
  • the resistance value of the equivalent resistance formed between the pins in the USB interface is extremely small, which is usually much smaller than the capacitive reactance value of the equivalent capacitance formed between the pins (that is, much larger than The capacitance value of the equivalent capacitance). Therefore, the effect of the equivalent resistance on the circuit 600 is extremely large, and the effect of the equivalent capacitance on the circuit 600 can be ignored.
  • the AC detection power supply is equivalent to grounding through the resistance Ra and a parallel resistance in series (the resistance after the equivalent resistance Rc and the equivalent resistance Rb are connected in parallel), as shown in (2) in FIG. 2C.
  • the resistance values of the equivalent resistance Rb and the equivalent resistance Rc are very small, and are much smaller than the resistance Ra.
  • the value of the AC voltage on the ID pin (denoted as V2, which is equal to Vac / (1 + Ra / Rb + Ra / Rb)) is extremely small, that is, the amplitude of V2 (the maximum absolute value of the instantaneous AC current in a cycle Value) is extremely small, so the peak-to-peak value of V2 is also extremely small.
  • the DC charging power of the USB interface is 5V
  • the AC detection power is 1.8V to -1.8V.
  • the resistance value of the resistance Ra is 200Kohm
  • the equivalent resistances Rb and Rc are both 1Kohm.
  • the VBUS pin and the ID pin are disconnected, and the DC charging power supply does not affect the voltage on the ID pin.
  • the VBUS pin and the ID pin are connected by equivalent resistances Rb and Rc formed by water.
  • the voltage value on the ID pin should be the sum of V1 and V2, where V1 is a stable voltage value, and V2 will float up and down, but the amplitude is extremely small.
  • V1 is a stable voltage value
  • V2 will float up and down, but the amplitude is extremely small.
  • the peak-to-peak value of the voltage value on the ID pin detected by the voltage detection circuit at this time is also extremely small. Therefore, you can use the detected peak-to-peak change of the voltage value on the ID pin to determine whether the USB interface is submerged.
  • the water immersed in the USB interface has poor conductivity.
  • the equivalent resistance value between the USB pins can be regarded as infinite, and because the capacitor has the physical characteristics of passing AC resistance and DC resistance, the DC charging power is equivalent to connecting An infinite resistance equivalent to ground, VBUS pin, ID pin and GND pin are equivalent to open circuit. At this time, the DC charging power supply on the VBUS pin has no effect on the voltage on the ID pin.
  • VBUS is equivalent to ground.
  • the AC detection power supply is equivalent to passing a resistor Ra in series with a parallel capacitor (equivalent capacitor Cc and equivalent capacitor Cb in parallel) and then grounded, as shown in FIG. 2D.
  • the resistor Ra and the parallel capacitor form a low-pass filter.
  • the voltage on the ID pin (point A) is the output voltage of the low-pass filter:
  • f is the frequency of the AC detection power supply
  • C is the capacitance after the equivalent capacitance Cc and the equivalent capacitance Cb are connected in parallel.
  • a low-pass filter is a filtering method.
  • the rule is that low-frequency signals can pass normally, while high-frequency signals that exceed a set threshold are blocked and weakened.
  • the critical value can also be called the cutoff frequency, and the calculation formula for the cutoff frequency is as follows:
  • the amplitude of the AC power supply is attenuated by 3dB.
  • the amplitude of the AC power supply after passing through the circuit rapidly attenuates as the frequency of the AC power supply increases.
  • the peak-to-peak voltage detected by the voltage detection circuit on the ID pin will also be attenuated.
  • the peak-to-peak voltage on the ID pin will decay from a double amplitude before immersion to a smaller voltage value. Therefore, whether the USB interface is immersed in water can be detected by detecting the change of the peak-to-peak voltage of the ID pin.
  • the pins of the USB interface are filled with air, plastic and other substances, and these substances will also form an equivalent capacitance.
  • the cut-off frequency of the low-pass filter is recorded as F1 .
  • the pins of the USB interface are filled with water, and the dielectric constant of water is higher than that of air, plastics, etc., and the dielectric constant is proportional to the capacitance value.
  • the equivalent capacitance after immersion becomes larger, because the cut-off frequency is inversely proportional to the capacitance value, that is, the cut-off frequency after immersion (marked as F2) becomes smaller, that is, F1> F2.
  • the frequency of the AC signal output by the AC signal source 504 is between F1 and F2
  • the amplitude of the AC signal basically does not change after passing through the low-pass filter.
  • the amplitude of the AC signal will be greatly reduced after passing through the low-pass filter, so the peak-to-peak value will also be greatly reduced. That is, the frequency of the AC signal output by the AC signal source 504 can be controlled between F1 and F2, and then, whether the USB interface is immersed in water can be determined by detecting the peak-to-peak change of the voltage value on the ID pin.
  • the second scenario when the USB interface is in an uncharged state, detect whether it is immersed in water.
  • FIG. 2E it is a circuit 700 after the USB interface is in an uncharged state after the USB is submerged in water.
  • the equivalent resistance Rb and the equivalent capacitance Cc are formed by water between the ID pin and the GND pin.
  • the AC detection power supply is equivalent to grounding through the resistance Ra and Cb, as shown in the circuit of (2) in FIG. 2E. That is, the resistor Ra and the capacitor Cb form a low-pass filter. Regarding the function of the low-pass filter, please refer to the related description above, which will not be repeated here.
  • the frequency of the AC signal output by the AC signal source 504 can be controlled, and then, whether the USB interface is immersed in water can be determined by detecting the peak-to-peak change of the voltage value on the ID pin.
  • the positional relationship between the power pin, the ground pin, and the pin for detecting the peak-to-peak voltage (ie, the first pin) in the USB interface in the above circuit diagram is only an example. That is to say, the embodiment of the present application does not limit the positional relationship of the three pins in the USB interface, as long as the circuit connection relationship between these pins due to water immersion is the same as the circuit relationship in the present application after the USB interface is immersed in water Or similarly, it can be applied to the detection method provided in the embodiments of the present application.
  • the embodiments of the present application provide a method for detecting the immersion of electronic equipment.
  • the electrical interface of the electronic equipment By controlling the input of an AC signal with a frequency within a certain range and the internal resistance of the AC signal, the electrical interface of the electronic equipment to be detected In the pin.
  • the voltage value of the electrical interface pin is detected. If the peak-to-peak value of the voltage value of the electrical interface pin is less than a certain threshold, the electronic device is considered to be submerged in water.
  • the electrical interface of the electronic device when the electrical interface of the electronic device is in the charging state, it can also accurately detect whether the electronic device is immersed in water.
  • the detection method provided by the embodiments of the present application can improve the accuracy of the electronic device in detecting flooding.
  • the resistance, AC power supply, ADC and other devices used in the method provided in the embodiments of the present application have low cost.
  • the AC detection signal in addition to judging whether the peak-to-peak value of the voltage value on the ID pin is less than the threshold to determine whether the USB interface is immersed, that is, the AC detection signal is composed of a low internal resistance Ra and the equivalent capacitance formed by the water in the USB interface
  • the AC detection signal is composed of a low internal resistance Ra and the equivalent capacitance formed by the water in the USB interface
  • other changes after the AC detection signal passes through the low-pass filter can also be used to determine whether the USB interface is immersed in water. For example, when the AC detection signal is a square wave, the edge of the square wave will slow down after passing through the low-pass filter circuit. Therefore, you can also determine whether the USB interface is by detecting whether the slope of the square wave signal edge is slow Soaked in water. The embodiments of the present application do not limit this.
  • a voltage detection circuit to obtain the voltage value on the ID pin
  • the processor to obtain the peak-to-peak value of the voltage value on the ID pin
  • other methods may be used to obtain the peak-to-peak value.
  • it can also be realized by a hardware circuit. For example, after inputting the input AC detection signal into the above-mentioned low-pass filter, it is sent to the DC blocking circuit to block the DC component, and then passes through the peak detection circuit to detect the AC peak-to-peak value.
  • the peak-to-peak value is output to the comparator by the peak detection circuit, and the comparator is compared with a preset threshold, and then the detection result is output.
  • the embodiments of the present application do not limit this.
  • the electronic device may include a circuit for detecting whether the USB interface is immersed in water as shown in FIG. 2A.
  • the electronic device has a detection USB interface as shown in FIG. 2A. Whether the same function is immersed in water will not be described in detail.
  • the electronic device may also include a circuit that uses the same method as the circuit shown in FIG. 2A to detect whether other electrical interfaces or devices of the electronic device are immersed in water, which is not limited in the embodiments of the present application.
  • the electronic device in this application may be a mobile phone, tablet computer, personal computer (Personal Computer, PC), personal digital assistant (personal digital assistant (PDA), smart watch, netbook, wearable electronic device, augmented reality technology (Augmented Reality, AR) equipment, virtual reality (Virtual Reality, VR) equipment, in-vehicle equipment, smart cars, smart audio, robots, etc., this application does not make special restrictions on the specific form of the electronic equipment.
  • the device structure shown in FIG. 3 does not constitute a limitation on the terminal device, and may include more or fewer components than those illustrated, or combine certain components, or have different component arrangements.
  • the terminal device may further include a display, a battery, a camera, a Bluetooth module, a global positioning system (GPS), and other modules, which will not be repeated here.
  • GPS global positioning system
  • the disclosed device and method may be implemented in other ways.
  • the device embodiments described above are only schematic.
  • the division of the modules or units is only a division of logical functions.
  • the displayed or discussed mutual coupling or direct coupling or communication connection may be indirect coupling or communication connection through some interfaces, devices or units, and may be in electrical, mechanical or other forms.
  • the units described as separate components may or may not be physically separated, and the components displayed as units may be one physical unit or multiple physical units, that is, may be located in one place, or may be distributed in multiple different places . Some or all of the units may be selected according to actual needs to achieve the purpose of the solution of this embodiment.
  • each functional unit in each embodiment of the present application may be integrated into one processing unit, or each unit may exist alone physically, or two or more units are integrated into one unit.
  • the above integrated unit can be implemented in the form of hardware or software function unit.

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Abstract

一种检测电气接口浸水的方法、电路及电子设备，涉及通信技术领域，有利于提升检测电气接口浸水的准确度。该电路包括：第一电气接口，包括接地引脚，用于在第一电气接口工作时接地；和第一引脚；电阻模块，一端与第一引脚电连接；交流信号源，与电阻模块的另一端电连接，用于产生交流检测信号；电压检测模块，与第一引脚连接，用于检测在交流检测信号的周期内的第一引脚上的最大电压值和最小电压值；控制器，分别与交流信号源和电压检测模块连接，用于控制交流信号源产生交流检测信号，以及在最大电压值和最小电压值的差值小于第一阈值时，确定第一电气接口浸水。

Description

一种检测浸水的方法、电路及电子设备 技术领域
本申请涉及电路技术领域，尤其涉及一种检测浸水的方法、电路及电子设备。
背景技术
目前，电子设备可以通过密封的结构实现防水的功能。但电子设备中还存在一些外漏或有条件外漏的电气接口或器件，例如：通用串行总线(Universal Serial Bus，USB)接口、Pogo pin、耳机插口、SIM卡接口，以及mic、speaker声音通道。
对于这类外漏的电气接口或器件而言，很可能会浸水。例如：洗手时的溅水，用户手上的汗液等。因此，需要对这类外漏的电气接口或器件进行浸水检测，在检测到浸水后采取相应的保护措施。
现有技术中，可以通过光电式水浸传感器进行检测，或者使用浮子式液位检测方法进行检测。然而，这两种检测方法中都需要被检测的电气接口或器件完全浸入水中，才可以检测到浸水。然而，大多数情况下，电气接口不是完全浸入水中，而是被溅入少量的水，或流入少量的汗液等。对于这些常见的浸入少量水的情况，现有的这两种检测方法却检测不出来的。
发明内容
本申请提供的一种检测浸水的方法、电路及电子设备，可以检测出电气接口是否浸入少量水的情况，且在电气接口处于充电状态时也可以检测出来，有利于提升检测电气接口浸水的准确度。
第一方面，本申请提供检测浸水的方法，可运用于包含第一电气接口、电阻模块和交流信号源的电子设备，电阻模块的一端与第一电气接口的第一引脚电连接，另一端与交流信号源电连接，第一电气接口的接地引脚在第一电气接口工作时接地，该方法包括：
电子设备的交流信号源输出交流检测信号；电子设备检测在交流检测信号的周期内的第一引脚上的最大电压值和最小电压值；若最大电压值和最小电压值的差值小于第一阈值，则电子设备确定第一电气接口浸水。
由此，当电子设备的电气接口处于充电状态或未充电状态时，都可以准确检测出电子设备是否浸水。并且，当电子设备的电气接口中浸入少量水时，也可以检测出电子设备的电气接口已浸水。可见，本申请实施例提供的检测方法，可以提升电子设备检测浸水的准确性。此外，本申请实施例提供的方法中所采用的电阻模块、交流信号源、电压检测电路中用到的器件，成本都较低。
一种可能的实现方式中，电阻模块的总阻值为大于100千欧姆；交流检测信号的频率位于10至50赫兹之间。
一种可能的实现方式中，电子设备的交流信号源输出交流检测信号包括：在检测 到第一电气接口处于充电状态时，电子设备控制交流信号源输出交流检测信号；或者，响应于检测到用户开启检测功能的操作，电子设备控制交流信号源输出交流检测信号；或者，在检测到电子设备处于开机状态时，电子设备控制交流信号源输出交流检测信号。
第二方面、提供一种检测电气接口浸水的电路，包括：第一电气接口，第一电气接口包括：接地引脚，用于在第一电气接口工作时接地；和第一引脚；电阻模块，一端与第一引脚电连接；交流信号源，与电阻模块的另一端电连接，用于产生交流检测信号；电压检测模块，与第一引脚连接，用于检测在交流检测信号的周期内的第一引脚上的最大电压值和最小电压值；控制器，分别与交流信号源和电压检测模块连接，用于控制交流信号源产生交流检测信号，以及在最大电压值和最小电压值的差值小于第一阈值时，确定第一电气接口浸水。
一种可能的实现方式中，第一电气接口还包括电源引脚，用于在第一电气接口工作时接工作电源。
一种可能的实现方式中，第一电气接口为通用串行总线USB接口。
一种可能的实现方式中，第一接口为ID引脚。
一种可能的实现方式中，电压检测模块为模数转换器。
一种可能的实现方式中，控制器为处理器。
第三方面、一种电子设备，包括：处理器、存储器、第一电气接口、电阻模块和交流信号源，电阻模块的一端与第一电气接口的第一引脚电连接，另一端与交流信号源电连接，第一电气接口的接地引脚在第一电气接口工作时接地，交流信号源与处理器连接，处理器与存储器耦合，存储器用于存储计算机程序代码，计算机程序代码包括计算机指令，当处理器从存储器中读取计算机指令，以使得终端执行如第一方面以及第一方面中任一种可能的实现方式中的检测电气接口浸水的方法。
第四方面、一种电子设备，包括：如第二方面以及第二方面中任一种可能的实现方式中的检测电气接口浸水的电路。
附图说明
图1A为现有技术中一种检测USB接口浸水的电路图一；
图1B为现有技术中一种检测USB接口浸水的电路图二；
图1C为现有技术中一种检测USB接口浸水的电路图三；
图2A为本申请实施例提供的一种检测USB接口浸水的电路图一；
图2B为本申请实施例提供的一种检测USB接口浸水的电路图二；
图2C为本申请实施例提供的一种检测USB接口浸水的电路图三；
图2D为本申请实施例提供的一种检测USB接口浸水的电路图四；
图2E为本申请实施例提供的一种检测USB接口浸水的电路图五；
图3为本申请实施例提供的一种电子设备的结构示意图。
具体实施方式
如图1A中(1)所示，为现有技术中一种检测USB接口浸水的电路200。该电路200可以包括USB接口201、直流检测电源202、电压检测电路203，例如可以是模数 转换器(Analog-to-Digital Converter，ADC)，以及分压电路204。
其中，USB接口201可以设置在电子设备上的主板上，可以为电子设备充电和/或USB数据传输接口连接器。USB接口201可以包括电源引脚(VBUS)、数据引脚(D-和D+)、ID引脚(用于识别不同电缆的端点)、接地引脚(GND)，这些引脚可以集成在同一芯片上，该芯片可以固定在USB座的外壳上。电源引脚可以用于接入供USB接口工作的电源，例如5V直流电源。数据引脚用于接收/发送通过USB数据线传输的信号。ID引脚可以用于在没有宿主机(Host)的情况下，实现设备间的数据传送。接地引脚相当于电源的负极。
其中，USB接口201通过ID引脚分别与电压检测电路203、分压电路204相连接。其中分压电路204包括串联的电阻R1和电阻R2，电阻R1的一端，电阻R2的一端均与ID引脚连接。分压电路204中电阻R1的另一端与直流检测电流202相连接，电阻R2的另一端接地。其中，电压检测电路203用于检测ID引脚对地的电压值(可简称为ID引脚上的电压值)。可选的，在本电路中，电压检测电路203也可以替换为电流检测电路，用于检测流经ID引脚的电流值。
在现有技术中，可以通过判断检测到的ID引脚上的电压值(或流经ID引脚点的电流值)是否发生变化来判断USB接口是否浸水。若检测到ID引脚上的电压值(或流经ID引脚的电流值)发生变化，则可以认为USB接口有浸水。这里以检测ID引脚上的电压值为例，进行说明。
在USB接口处于未充电状态(即VBUS引脚未接入工作电源)，且USB未浸水时，可以检测到ID引脚上的电压值为一个固定值。
这是因为：如图1A中(2)所示，为电路200的等效电路图。由该电路图可知：电压检测电路203检测到ID引脚上的电压值为直流检测电源202的电压值在R2上的分压值。由于直流检测电源202的电压与分压电阻(R1和R2)的值均为恒定不变的，故检测到ID引脚上的电压值也为固定值。具体的，未充电且未浸水时ID引脚上(A点)的电压：Va0＝V检/(1+R1/R2)，其中，V检为直流检测电源202输出的电压值，由于V检、R1和R2均为固定值，所以Va0为固定值。若USB接口仍处于未充电状态，但已浸水时，可以检测到ID引脚上的电压值不再是上述的固定值，而是会发生变化。
这是因为：如图1B中(1)所示，为USB接口处于为充电状态时，USB接口浸水后形成的电路图300。在该电路图300中，等效电阻R3为ID引脚和GND引脚之间的水形成等效电阻。如图1B中(2)所示，为电路300的等效电路图。由该等效电路图可知，等效电阻R3相当于与电阻R2并联，并联后再和R1串联。此时，ID引脚上的电压值应为R2和R3并联后的分压值。相比较于未浸水时，由于R2和R3并联后的电阻值和电路200中的R2的电阻值不同，故检测到的ID引脚上的电压值会发生变化。
具体的，未充电浸水时ID引脚(A点)的电压Va1＝V检/(1+R1/R2+R1/R3)。Va1与Va0相比，Va1分母增大，明显小于Va0，故可通过检测到ID引脚上电压值变化判断出USB接口浸水。
需要说明的是，电路200的方法只可以在USB接口处于未充电的状态时，用于USB接口是否浸水。当USB接口处于充电状态时，该方法检测USB接口是否浸水就会出现不准确的情况。原因如下：
如图1C中(1)所示，为USB接口处于充电状态时，USB接口浸水后形成的电路图400。该电路图400中，等效电阻R3为在ID引脚与GND引脚之间的水形成的，等效电阻R4为VBUS引脚与ID引脚之间的水形成的。此时，VBUS引脚接入USB充电时的直流充电电源(电压值记为Vbus)。
图1C中(2)所示，为电路400的等效电路图。由该等效电路图可知：相比较于USB未充电且未浸水时，图1A中(2)所示电路，USB接浸水后，形成的等效电阻R3和等效电阻R4对ID引脚上的电压值都产生了影响。分开来看，一、若不考虑等效电阻R4和VBUS引脚输入的直流充电电源的影响。由于R3与R2并联后的总电阻值变小，故分的电压值也变小，也就是说，会造成检测的ID引脚上电压值变小。二、若不考虑等效电阻R3的影响。由于VBUS引脚输入的直流充电电源会通过等效电阻R4，将电流灌入分压电路中，造成ID引脚上电压值变大。合起来看，等效电阻R3和等效电阻R4对ID引脚上的电压值的影响，一个会使得ID引脚上电压值变大，另一个会使得ID引脚上电压值变小。又由于USB接口中的浸水具有随机性，水量不确定，浸水的成分不确定(导电性不确定)等因素造成等效电阻R3和等效电阻R4的电阻值不确定，更无法判断等效电阻R3和等效电阻R4对ID引脚上电压值的影响。换言之，USB接口处于充电状态时，若USB接口浸水了，也可能在等效电阻R3和等效电阻R4以及VBUS引脚接入的直流电源的共同影响下，使得ID引脚上电压值等于上述的固定值，或者位于上述固定值的正常波动范围内。也就是说，现有技术的检测方法存在检测不出USB接口浸水的情况。
具体的，充电且浸水时ID引脚(A点)的电压值为：
Va2＝V检/(1+R1/R2+R1/R3+R1/R4)+Vbus/(1+R4/R1+R4/R2+R4/R3)比较Va2和Va0可知，V检/(1+R1/R2+R1/R3+R1/R4)相对于Va0而言，分母增大R1/R3+R1/R4，其值小于Va0，但Va2相比Va0又多出Vbus/(1+R4/R1+R4/R2+R4/R3)这部分电压，故Va2相对于Va0而言，两者可能相等，也可能相差不大(差值属正常检测误差范围)，也可能相差较大，故，无法检出充电时USB接口是否浸水。
本申请实施例提供的技术方案，可用于检测电子设备中外漏的电气接口或器件是否浸水。无论被检测的电气接口或器件是否处于充电状态，或者被检测的电气接口或器件中存在有恒定电压的引脚时，都可以准确检测出被检测的电气接口或器件是否浸水。其中，电子设备中外漏的电气接口或器件包括但不限于：USB接口、Pogo pin、耳机插口、SIM卡接口，以及mic、speaker声音通道等。本申请实施例提供的技术方案还可用于对电子设备内部模块或表面中的特定位置进行浸水检测。本申请实施例不限定电子设备中被检测的对象及位置等。
下文以本申请实施例提供的技术方案运用于检测USB接口是否浸水为例，进行说明。
如图2A所示，为本申请实施例提供的一种检测USB接口浸水的电路500。该电 路500中包括USB接口501、电压检测电路502(例如可以是ADC)、处理器503、交流信号源504以及电阻模块(可以包含一个或多个电阻，可等效于电阻Ra，以下简记为电阻Ra)。
其中，USB接口501、电压检测电路502分别与图1A中(1)所示电路200中的USB 201和电压检测电路203的作用相似，不再重复赘述。
还需要说明的是，在本申请中，USB接口501的型号、以及USB接口501包括的电源引脚和GND引脚的个数均不予限制，且除图2A所示引脚之外，USB接口501还可以包括其他引脚。
USB接口501的第一引脚分别与电阻Ra的一端和电压检测电路502的输入端相连接，第一引脚可以是USB接口501中任一个空闲的引脚，例如可以是ID引脚。以下以第一引脚为ID引脚为例进行说明。
其中，电阻Ra的另一端与交流信号源504连接。电阻Ra的阻值通常设置为远大于USB接口浸入水的等效电阻的阻值。USB接口浸入水的等效电阻的阻值可以通过大量实验，考虑包括浸水的成分、浸水的水量、浸水的位置等诸多因素，确定出等效电阻的大致范围。再以该范围的阻值来确定电阻Ra的阻值。本申请实施例对电阻Ra阻值的方法不做限定。例如：等效电阻通常为1K欧姆(ohm)级，那么Ra的阻值可设置为几百Kohm级。
电压检测电路502，输入端与ID引脚连接，用于检测出ID引脚对地的电压值(可简称为ID引脚上的电压值)；输出端与处理器503连接，用于将检测到的电压值输出给处理器。在本申请实施例中，采用交流电源信号作为检测信号，因此，ID引脚上的电压值也会周期性发生变化。电压检测电路502用于检测出一个或多个周期内ID引脚上的电压值的最大值和最小值，并将检测到的各个电压值交由处理器503进行处理。
处理器503可以是一个中央处理器(Central Processing Unit，CPU)，也可以是特定集成电路(Application Specific Integrated Circuit，ASIC)，或者是被配置成实施本申请实施例的一个或多个集成电路，例如：一个或多个数字信号处理器(Digital Signal Processor，DSP)，或，一个或者多个现场可编程门阵列(Field Programmable Gate Array，FPGA)。处理器503分别与交流信号源504和电压检测电路502相连接。
处理器503，可用于通过例如通用输入/输出(General Purpose Input Output，GPIO)接口，控制交流信号源504输出交流信号，作为检测USB接口501是否浸水的检测信号。其中，交流信号源504输出的交流信号例如可以是方波、正弦波、三角波等。该交流信号的频率需要根据电阻Ra以及USB接口浸水的等效电容的电容值进行确定。确定的原则可参考下文对检测方法的原理的描述，这里不再赘述。其中，USB接口浸入水的等效电容的电容值可以通过大量实验，考虑包括浸水的成分、浸水的水量、浸水的位置等诸多因素，确定出等效电容的电容值的大致范围。再以该范围的电容值来确定交流检测信号的频率范围。例如：交流检测信号的频率值可以为10～50HZ。
可选的，处理器503可以在检测到电子设备开机时，控制交流信号源504输出交流信号。处理器503也可以在检测到USB接口处于充电状态时，控制交流信号源504输出交流信号。处理器503还可以在检测到用户开启检测USB接口浸水功能的操作后， 控制交流信号源504输出交流信号。本申请实施例对此不做限定。
处理器503还可用于根据电压检测电路502采集的电压值，计算得到电压检测电路502检测到的电压值的峰峰值(即一个或多个周期内，ID引脚上电压值的最大值与最小值的差值)，以确定出USB接口201是否浸水。具体的，若电压检测电路502检测到的电压值的峰峰值的变化大于阈值，则认为USB接口浸水了。否则，USB接口未浸水。其中，在计算检测到的电压值的峰峰值时，可以将检测到的每个周期内的电压值的最大值与最小值求差后，将得到的各个差值求均值确定为峰峰值。也可以将各个电压值的最大值和最小值分别求均值后，再将最大值的平均值与最小值的平均值求差，得到峰峰值。本申请实施例对峰峰值的具体计算方法不做限定。
处理器503还可以用于在确定USB接口501浸水后，触发相应的电子设备的保护措施，例如提示用户USB接口已浸水，或者采用断电保护等措施。
下面对本申请实施例提供的检测方法的原理进行说明，如下：
第一种场景：USB接口处于充电状态时，检测是否浸水。
在USB接口处于未充电状态，且未浸水时，如图2A所示的电路500。该电路500中交流信号源504输出的交流检测信号通过电阻Ra与ID引脚相连通。此时，可以将检测得到的ID引脚上的电压值约为交流检测电源的电压值，那么，ID引脚上的电压值的峰峰值也约为交流检测信号的电压值的峰峰值，可作为比较的基准，即设置阈值的依据。
需要说明的是，USB接口在未浸水时，USB接口的引脚之间填充着空气、塑料等物质。而在USB浸水后，USB接口的引脚之间填充有水，又由于水的介电常数高于空气、塑料等物质的介电常数，且介电常数与电容值成正比。因此，USB接口的引脚之间的水除了会形成等效电阻外，还会形成等效电容。
如图2B所示，为本申请实施例提供的一种在USB接口处于充电状态，且浸水时的电路600。在该电路600中，等效电阻Rb和等效电容Cb为ID引脚与GND引脚之间的水形成的；等效电阻Rc和等效电容Cc为ID引脚与VBUS引脚之间的水形成的。且VBUS引脚输入直流电源信号。
由于浸入USB接口中的水成分不同，水量不同，导电性也不同，那么形成的等效电阻的阻值也不同，进而对电路600的影响也不同，故需分情况来看，如下：
第一种情况，浸入USB接口中的水的导电性较强。
电路600中包含有两种电源信号：直流充电信号和交流检测信号。将两种电源信号分开来看，对于直流充电信号(其电压值记为Vbus)来说，由于电容具有通交流阻直流的物理特性，因此，等效电阻Cc和Cb不对直流充电信号构成影响，相当于直流充电电源通过两个串联的等效电阻Rc和等效电阻Rb直接接地。如图2C中(1)所示。显然，此时，ID引脚上的直流电压值为直流充电电源在Rb上的分压值(记为V1，等于Vbus×Rb/(Rb+Rc))。由于等效电阻Rc和等效电阻Rb的阻值会随着浸入USB接口的水量、水的成分等随机变化，所以V1的数值会随着浸水情况的不同而不同。但在相同的浸水情况下，V1保持不变，因此，不会影响对ID引脚上电压值的峰峰值。
对于交流检测信号(其电压值记为Vac)来说，VBUS引脚相当于接地(这是由 于VBUS引脚提供直流电源信号，交流信号为零或极小，可等效为接地)。并且，由于当浸水的导电性较强时，USB接口中引脚之间形成的等效电阻的阻值极小，通常远小于引脚之间形成的等效电容的容抗值(即远大于等效电容的电容值)。因而，等效电阻对电路600的影响极大，可以忽略等效电容对电路600的影响。那么，交流检测电源相当于通过电阻Ra、串联一个并联电阻(等效电阻Rc和等效电阻Rb并联后的电阻)后接地，如图2C中(2)所示。当进入USB接口中的水的导电性较强时，等效电阻Rb和等效电阻Rc的阻值很小，且远远小于电阻Ra。此时，ID引脚上的交流电压值(记为V2，等于Vac/(1+Ra/Rb+Ra/Rb))极小，即V2的幅值(一个周期内，交流电瞬时出现的最大绝对值)极小，所以V2的峰峰值也极小。
举例来说，假设USB接口的直流充电电源为5V，交流检测电源为1.8V至-1.8V。电阻Ra的阻值为200Kohm，等效电阻Rb和Rc均为1Kohm。
USB接口未浸水时，VBUS引脚与ID引脚断路，直流充电电源不影响ID引脚上的电压，此时，ID引脚上电压的峰峰值为1.8V-(-1.8V)＝3.6V。
USB接口浸水后，VBUS引脚与ID引脚通过水形成的等效电阻Rb和Rc连接。
在交流检测电源为最大电压值1.8V时，等效电阻Rb和Rc并联后的总电阻为0.5Kohm，那么，V2＝1.8V×0.5Kohm/(0.5Kohm+200Kohm)约等于0.0045V。
此时，V1＝5V×1Kohm/(1Kohm+1Kohm)＝2.5V。
故此时，检测到的ID引脚上电压为：Va＝V1+V2＝2.5045V。
在交流检测电源为最小电压值-1.8V时，等效电阻Rb和Rc并联后的总电阻为0.5Kohm，那么，V2＝-1.8V×0.5Kohm/(0.5Kohm+200Kohm)约等于-0.0045V。
此时，V1＝5V×1Kohm/(1Kohm+1Kohm)＝2.5V。
故此时，检测到的ID引脚上电压为：Va’＝V1+V2＝2.4955V。
由此可见，检测到的ID引脚上电压的峰峰值为Va-Va’＝0.009V，远小于USB接口未浸水时的峰峰值(3.6V)。
综合来看，ID引脚上的电压值应为V1和V2的和值，其中，V1为稳定的电压值，V2会上下浮动，但幅度极小。也就是说，相比较于USB接口未浸水的情况，此时电压检测电路检测到的ID引脚上的电压值的峰峰值也极小。因此，可以用检测到的ID引脚上电压值的峰峰值变化来判断USB接口是否浸水了。
第二种情况，浸入USB接口中的水的导电性较差。
当浸入USB接口中的水的导电性较差时，USB引脚之间的等效电阻值可认为是无穷大，又由于电容具有通交流阻直流的物理特性，所以直流充电电源相当于通过串联两个无穷大的等效电阻接地，VBUS引脚，ID引脚及GND引脚两两之间均相当于处于开路状态。此时，VBUS引脚上的直流充电电源对ID引脚上的电压没有影响。
对于交流检测信号(其电压值记为Vac)来说，VBUS相当于接地。那么，交流检测电源相当于通过电阻Ra，串联一个并联电容(等效电容Cc和等效电容Cb并联后的电容)后接地，如图2D所示。此时，电阻Ra和并联电容形成一个低通滤波器(low pass filtering)。ID引脚上(A点)的电压即为该低通滤波器的输出电压：
Figure PCTCN2018109714-appb-000001
其中，f为交流检测电源的频率，C为等效电容Cc和等效电容Cb并联后的电容。
从上式可看出，交流检测电源的频率越高，其输出电压Va的幅值衰减越大。
再有，低通滤波器是一种过滤方式，规则为低频信号能正常通过，而超过设定临界值的高频信号则被阻隔、减弱。其中这个临界值也可以称之为截止频率，截止频率的计算公式如下：
Figure PCTCN2018109714-appb-000002
在此截止频率下，交流电源的幅值衰减3dB。在截止频率之后，交流电源经过该电路后的幅值随着交流电源的频率的增大而迅速衰减。
由于幅值的衰减，电压检测电路在ID引脚上检测到的电压峰峰值也会衰减。也就是说，浸水之后，ID引脚上的电压峰峰值会从浸水之前的两倍幅值衰减为较小的电压值。故通过检测ID引脚上的电压的峰峰值的变化可检测出USB接口是否浸水。
还需要说明的是，USB接口在未浸水时，USB接口的引脚之间填充着空气、塑料等物质，这些物质也会形成等效电容，此时该低通滤波器的截止频率记为F1。而在USB浸水后，USB接口的引脚之间填充有水，又由于水的介电常数高于空气、塑料等物质的介电常数，且介电常数与电容值成正比。浸水后的等效电容变大，由于截止频率与电容值成反比，也就是说，浸水后截止频率(记为F2)变小，即F1>F2。
如果交流信号源504输出的交流信号的频率介于F1和F2之间，那么，在USB接口未浸水时，该交流信号通过该低通滤波器后幅值基本不会发生变化。而当USB接口浸水后，该交流信号通过该低通滤波器后幅值会大幅降低，那么峰峰值也会大幅减小。也就是说，可以通过控制交流信号源504输出的交流信号的频率介于F1和F2之间，然后，通过检测ID引脚上的电压值后的峰峰值的变化，来判断USB接口是否浸水。
第二种场景：USB接口处于未充电状态时，检测是否浸水。
如图2E中(1)所示，为USB接口处于未充电状态时，USB浸水后的电路700。在该电路700中，等效电阻Rb和等效电容Cc为ID引脚与GND引脚之间的水形成的。
若浸入USB接口的水导电性较强时，等效电阻Rb的阻值很小，远远小于电阻Ra，那么ID引脚上的电压值也极小，那么，峰峰值也极小。
若浸入USB接口的水导电性较弱时，等效电阻Rb的阻值可认为是无穷大，那么，交流检测电源相当于通过电阻Ra与Cb接地，如图2E中(2)所示的电路。也就是说，电阻Ra和电容Cb形成一个低通滤波器。关于低通滤波器的作用可参考上文相关描述，这里不再重复赘述。可以通过控制交流信号源504输出的交流信号的频率大小，然后，通过检测ID引脚上电压值的峰峰值的变化，来判断USB接口是否浸水。
还需要说明的是，上述电路图中USB接口中电源引脚、接地引脚以及用于检测电压峰峰值的引脚(即第一引脚)之间的位置关系仅为示例。也就是说，本申请实施例并不限定USB接口中这三个引脚的位置关系，只要在USB接口浸水后，这些引脚之间由于浸水形成的电路连接关系与本申请中的电路关系相同或相似，都可适用于本申 请实施例提供的检测方法。
综上可知，本申请实施例提供了一种检测电子设备浸水的方法，可以通过控制输入一定范围内的频率的交流信号，以及该交流信号的内阻，接入需要检测的电子设备的电气接口中的引脚。同时，检测该电气接口引脚的电压值。若该电气接口引脚的电压值的峰峰值小于一定阈值，则认为该电子设备浸水。本申请实施例中，当电子设备的电气接口处于充电状态时，也可以准确检测出电子设备是否浸水。并且，当电子设备的电气接口中浸入少量水时，也可以检测出电子设备的电气接口已浸水。可见，本申请实施例提供的检测方法，可以提升电子设备检测浸水的准确性。
并且，本申请实施例提供的方法中所采用的电阻、交流电源、ADC等器件，成本较低。
在一些实施例中，除了通过判断ID引脚上电压值的峰峰值是否小于阈值来判断USB接口是否浸水，也即交流检测信号通过内阻Ra和USB接口内水形成的等效电容组成的低通滤波器后的电压峰峰值的变化来判断USB接口是否浸水之外，还可以通过交流检测信号通过该低通滤波器后的其他变化来判断USB接口是否浸水。例如：交流检测信号为方波时，方波的边沿在通过该低通滤波电路后，信号的边沿会变缓，因此，也可以通过检测方波信号边沿斜率是否变缓，来判断USB接口是否浸水。本申请实施例对此不做限定。
在另一些实施例中，除了使用电压检测电路来获取ID引脚上电压值，再由处理器获取ID引脚上电压值的峰峰值外，还可以采用其他的方法来获取该峰峰值。例如：也可以通过硬件电路来实现。例如：将输入的交流检测信号输入上述的低通滤波器后，送给隔直电路，以隔掉直流分量，再经过峰值检波电路，以检出交流峰峰值。由峰值检波电路将峰峰值输出给比较器，由比较器和预设的阈值进行比较，后输出检测结果。本申请实施例对此不做限定。
图3示出了一种电子设备的框图，如图3所示，该电子设备可以包括如图2A所示的检测USB接口是否浸水的电路，该电子设备具有与图2A所示的检测USB接口是否浸水相同的功能，不再赘述。该电子设备还可以包括采用如图2A所示电路相同方法，检测电子设备其他电气接口或器件是否浸水的电路，本申请实施例不做限定。
示例性的，本申请中的电子设备可以为手机、平板电脑、个人计算机(Personal Computer，PC)、个人数字助理(personal digital assistant，PDA)、智能手表、上网本、可穿戴电子设备、增强现实技术(Augmented Reality，AR)设备、虚拟现实(Virtual Reality，VR)设备、车载设备、智能汽车、智能音响、机器人等，本申请对该电子设备的具体形式不做特殊限制。
需要说明的是，图3中示出的设备结构并不构成对终端设备的限定，可以包括比图示更多或更少的部件，或者组合某些部件，或者不同的部件布置。尽管未示出，终端设备还可以包括显示器、电池、摄像头、蓝牙模块、全球定位系统(global positioning system，GPS)等模块，在此不再赘述。
通过以上的实施方式的描述，所属领域的技术人员可以清楚地了解到，为描述的方便和简洁，仅以上述各功能模块的划分进行举例说明，实际应用中，可以根据需要 而将上述功能分配由不同的功能模块完成，即将装置的内部结构划分成不同的功能模块，以完成以上描述的全部或者部分功能。
在本申请所提供的几个实施例中，应该理解到，所揭露的装置和方法，可以通过其它的方式实现。例如，以上所描述的装置实施例仅仅是示意性的，例如，所述模块或单元的划分，仅仅为一种逻辑功能划分，实际实现时可以有另外的划分方式，例如多个单元或组件可以结合或者可以集成到另一个装置，或一些特征可以忽略，或不执行。另一点，所显示或讨论的相互之间的耦合或直接耦合或通信连接可以是通过一些接口，装置或单元的间接耦合或通信连接，可以是电性，机械或其它的形式。
所述作为分离部件说明的单元可以是或者也可以不是物理上分开的，作为单元显示的部件可以是一个物理单元或多个物理单元，即可以位于一个地方，或者也可以分布到多个不同地方。可以根据实际的需要选择其中的部分或者全部单元来实现本实施例方案的目的。
另外，在本申请各个实施例中的各功能单元可以集成在一个处理单元中，也可以是各个单元单独物理存在，也可以两个或两个以上单元集成在一个单元中。上述集成的单元既可以采用硬件的形式实现，也可以采用软件功能单元的形式实现。
以上所述，仅为本申请的具体实施方式，但本申请的保护范围并不局限于此，任何在本申请揭露的技术范围内的变化或替换，都应涵盖在本申请的保护范围之内。因此，本申请的保护范围应以所述权利要求的保护范围为准。

Claims (11)

  1. 一种检测电气接口浸水的方法，其特征在于，可运用于包含第一电气接口、电阻模块和交流信号源的电子设备，所述电阻模块的一端与所述第一电气接口的第一引脚电连接，另一端与所述交流信号源电连接，所述第一电气接口的接地引脚在所述第一电气接口工作时接地，所述检测电气接口浸水的方法包括：
    所述电子设备的交流信号源输出交流检测信号；
    所述电子设备检测在所述交流检测信号的周期内的所述第一引脚上的最大电压值和最小电压值；
    若所述最大电压值和最小电压值的差值小于第一阈值，则所述电子设备确定所述第一电气接口浸水。
  2. 根据权利要求1所述的检测电气接口浸水的方法，其特征在于，所述电阻模块的总阻值为大于100千欧姆；所述交流检测信号的频率位于10至50赫兹之间。
  3. 根据权利要求1或2所述的检测电气接口浸水的方法，其特征在于，所述电子设备的交流信号源输出交流检测信号包括：
    在检测到所述第一电气接口处于充电状态时，所述电子设备控制所述交流信号源输出交流检测信号；
    或者，响应于检测到用户开启检测功能的操作，所述电子设备控制所述交流信号源输出交流检测信号；
    或者，在检测到所述电子设备处于开机状态时，所述电子设备控制所述交流信号源输出交流检测信号。
  4. 一种检测电气接口浸水的电路，其特征在于，包括：
    第一电气接口，所述第一电气接口包括：
    接地引脚，用于在所述第一电气接口工作时接地；
    和第一引脚；
    电阻模块，一端与所述第一引脚电连接；
    交流信号源，与所述电阻模块的另一端电连接，用于产生交流检测信号；
    电压检测模块，与所述第一引脚连接，用于检测在所述交流检测信号的周期内的所述第一引脚上的最大电压值和最小电压值；
    控制器，分别与所述交流信号源和所述电压检测模块连接，用于控制所述交流信号源产生所述交流检测信号，以及在所述最大电压值和最小电压值的差值小于第一阈值时，确定所述第一电气接口浸水。
  5. 根据权利要求4所述检测电气接口浸水的电路，其特征在于，所述第一电气接口还包括电源引脚，用于在所述第一电气接口工作时接工作电源。
  6. 根据权利要求4或5所述检测电气接口浸水的电路，其特征在于，所述第一电气接口为通用串行总线USB接口。
  7. 根据权利要求6所述检测电气接口浸水的电路，其特征在于，所述第一引脚为ID引脚。
  8. 根据权利要求4-7任一项所述的检测电气接口浸水的电路，其特征在于，所述电压检测模块为模数转换器。
  9. 根据权利要求4-8任一项所述的检测电气接口浸水的电路，其特征在于，所述控制器为处理器。
  10. 一种电子设备，其特征在于，包括：处理器、存储器、第一电气接口、电阻模块和交流信号源，所述电阻模块的一端与所述第一电气接口的第一引脚电连接，另一端与所述交流信号源电连接，所述第一电气接口的接地引脚在所述第一电气接口工作时接地，所述交流信号源与所述处理器连接，所述处理器与所述存储器耦合，所述存储器用于存储计算机程序代码，所述计算机程序代码包括计算机指令，当所述处理器从所述存储器中读取所述计算机指令，以使得所述终端执行如权利要求1-3中任一项所述的检测电气接口浸水的方法。
  11. 一种电子设备，其特征在于，所述电子设备包括：如权利要求4-9中任一项所述的检测电气接口浸水的电路。
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