WO2020071734A1 - 스마트 슬레이브 배터리 관리 시스템 및 이의 구동방법 - Google Patents
스마트 슬레이브 배터리 관리 시스템 및 이의 구동방법Info
- Publication number
- WO2020071734A1 WO2020071734A1 PCT/KR2019/012827 KR2019012827W WO2020071734A1 WO 2020071734 A1 WO2020071734 A1 WO 2020071734A1 KR 2019012827 W KR2019012827 W KR 2019012827W WO 2020071734 A1 WO2020071734 A1 WO 2020071734A1
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- WIPO (PCT)
- Prior art keywords
- smart slave
- slave bms
- bms
- smart
- management system
- Prior art date
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
- B60L—PROPULSION OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; SUPPLYING ELECTRIC POWER FOR AUXILIARY EQUIPMENT OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; ELECTRODYNAMIC BRAKE SYSTEMS FOR VEHICLES IN GENERAL; MAGNETIC SUSPENSION OR LEVITATION FOR VEHICLES; MONITORING OPERATING VARIABLES OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; ELECTRIC SAFETY DEVICES FOR ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES
- B60L58/00—Methods or circuit arrangements for monitoring or controlling batteries or fuel cells, specially adapted for electric vehicles
- B60L58/10—Methods or circuit arrangements for monitoring or controlling batteries or fuel cells, specially adapted for electric vehicles for monitoring or controlling batteries
- B60L58/18—Methods or circuit arrangements for monitoring or controlling batteries or fuel cells, specially adapted for electric vehicles for monitoring or controlling batteries of two or more battery modules
- B60L58/21—Methods or circuit arrangements for monitoring or controlling batteries or fuel cells, specially adapted for electric vehicles for monitoring or controlling batteries of two or more battery modules having the same nominal voltage
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
- B60L—PROPULSION OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; SUPPLYING ELECTRIC POWER FOR AUXILIARY EQUIPMENT OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; ELECTRODYNAMIC BRAKE SYSTEMS FOR VEHICLES IN GENERAL; MAGNETIC SUSPENSION OR LEVITATION FOR VEHICLES; MONITORING OPERATING VARIABLES OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; ELECTRIC SAFETY DEVICES FOR ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES
- B60L53/00—Methods of charging batteries, specially adapted for electric vehicles; Charging stations or on-board charging equipment therefor; Exchange of energy storage elements in electric vehicles
- B60L53/60—Monitoring or controlling charging stations
- B60L53/66—Data transfer between charging stations and vehicles
- B60L53/665—Methods related to measuring, billing or payment
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
- B60L—PROPULSION OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; SUPPLYING ELECTRIC POWER FOR AUXILIARY EQUIPMENT OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; ELECTRODYNAMIC BRAKE SYSTEMS FOR VEHICLES IN GENERAL; MAGNETIC SUSPENSION OR LEVITATION FOR VEHICLES; MONITORING OPERATING VARIABLES OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; ELECTRIC SAFETY DEVICES FOR ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES
- B60L58/00—Methods or circuit arrangements for monitoring or controlling batteries or fuel cells, specially adapted for electric vehicles
- B60L58/10—Methods or circuit arrangements for monitoring or controlling batteries or fuel cells, specially adapted for electric vehicles for monitoring or controlling batteries
- B60L58/12—Methods or circuit arrangements for monitoring or controlling batteries or fuel cells, specially adapted for electric vehicles for monitoring or controlling batteries responding to state of charge [SoC]
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- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01R—MEASURING ELECTRIC VARIABLES; MEASURING MAGNETIC VARIABLES
- G01R31/00—Arrangements for testing electric properties; Arrangements for locating electric faults; Arrangements for electrical testing characterised by what is being tested not provided for elsewhere
- G01R31/36—Arrangements for testing, measuring or monitoring the electrical condition of accumulators or electric batteries, e.g. capacity or state of charge [SoC]
- G01R31/382—Arrangements for monitoring battery or accumulator variables, e.g. SoC
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- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01R—MEASURING ELECTRIC VARIABLES; MEASURING MAGNETIC VARIABLES
- G01R31/00—Arrangements for testing electric properties; Arrangements for locating electric faults; Arrangements for electrical testing characterised by what is being tested not provided for elsewhere
- G01R31/36—Arrangements for testing, measuring or monitoring the electrical condition of accumulators or electric batteries, e.g. capacity or state of charge [SoC]
- G01R31/392—Determining battery ageing or deterioration, e.g. state of health
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
- B60L—PROPULSION OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; SUPPLYING ELECTRIC POWER FOR AUXILIARY EQUIPMENT OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; ELECTRODYNAMIC BRAKE SYSTEMS FOR VEHICLES IN GENERAL; MAGNETIC SUSPENSION OR LEVITATION FOR VEHICLES; MONITORING OPERATING VARIABLES OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; ELECTRIC SAFETY DEVICES FOR ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES
- B60L2240/00—Control parameters of input or output; Target parameters
- B60L2240/40—Drive Train control parameters
- B60L2240/54—Drive Train control parameters related to batteries
- B60L2240/545—Temperature
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
- B60L—PROPULSION OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; SUPPLYING ELECTRIC POWER FOR AUXILIARY EQUIPMENT OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; ELECTRODYNAMIC BRAKE SYSTEMS FOR VEHICLES IN GENERAL; MAGNETIC SUSPENSION OR LEVITATION FOR VEHICLES; MONITORING OPERATING VARIABLES OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; ELECTRIC SAFETY DEVICES FOR ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES
- B60L2240/00—Control parameters of input or output; Target parameters
- B60L2240/40—Drive Train control parameters
- B60L2240/54—Drive Train control parameters related to batteries
- B60L2240/547—Voltage
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
- B60L—PROPULSION OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; SUPPLYING ELECTRIC POWER FOR AUXILIARY EQUIPMENT OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; ELECTRODYNAMIC BRAKE SYSTEMS FOR VEHICLES IN GENERAL; MAGNETIC SUSPENSION OR LEVITATION FOR VEHICLES; MONITORING OPERATING VARIABLES OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; ELECTRIC SAFETY DEVICES FOR ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES
- B60L2240/00—Control parameters of input or output; Target parameters
- B60L2240/40—Drive Train control parameters
- B60L2240/54—Drive Train control parameters related to batteries
- B60L2240/549—Current
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
- B60Y—INDEXING SCHEME RELATING TO ASPECTS CROSS-CUTTING VEHICLE TECHNOLOGY
- B60Y2200/00—Type of vehicle
- B60Y2200/90—Vehicles comprising electric prime movers
- B60Y2200/91—Electric vehicles
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02T—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES RELATED TO TRANSPORTATION
- Y02T10/00—Road transport of goods or passengers
- Y02T10/60—Other road transportation technologies with climate change mitigation effect
- Y02T10/70—Energy storage systems for electromobility, e.g. batteries
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02T—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES RELATED TO TRANSPORTATION
- Y02T10/00—Road transport of goods or passengers
- Y02T10/60—Other road transportation technologies with climate change mitigation effect
- Y02T10/7072—Electromobility specific charging systems or methods for batteries, ultracapacitors, supercapacitors or double-layer capacitors
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02T—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES RELATED TO TRANSPORTATION
- Y02T90/00—Enabling technologies or technologies with a potential or indirect contribution to GHG emissions mitigation
- Y02T90/10—Technologies relating to charging of electric vehicles
- Y02T90/12—Electric charging stations
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02T—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES RELATED TO TRANSPORTATION
- Y02T90/00—Enabling technologies or technologies with a potential or indirect contribution to GHG emissions mitigation
- Y02T90/10—Technologies relating to charging of electric vehicles
- Y02T90/16—Information or communication technologies improving the operation of electric vehicles
Definitions
- the present invention relates to a battery management system (Battery Management System: "BMS”), in particular, even in the event of a problem with the master BMS, it is possible to operate without stopping the system, thereby improving stability, improving smart slave battery management with improved precision and speed It's about the system.
- BMS Battery Management System
- the present invention relates to a method for driving the smart slave battery management system.
- Secondary batteries that can be charged and discharged and have electrical characteristics such as high energy density, such as lithium ion batteries, are eco-friendly, compact, and lightweight, so they are suitable for application to mobile devices and devices such as electric vehicles.
- the secondary battery is composed of a plurality of unit cells and electrically connected to each other in order to obtain a required high output.
- a unit cell generally includes components such as a positive electrode and a negative electrode current collector, a separator, an active material, and an electrolyte, and it is possible to repeatedly charge and discharge by electrochemical reaction between them.
- the assembly of the plurality of unit cells connected to each other forms one battery pack, and the battery packs are usually provided in plural and connected in series and parallel to each other to form a single battery pack system.
- BMS Battery Management System
- These BMSs are generally designed in a so-called master-slave BMS method, which is composed of a master BMS and a plurality of slave BMSs that are attached to a battery pack and mainly sense their state.
- the sensing measurement function is performed by a plurality of slave BMS as described below, and the control and operation estimation function monitors the state of the battery based on the master BMS receiving the detected data from the slave BMS and based on this. Control.
- FIG. 1 and 2 show a configuration diagram of a conventional battery pack system, and will be described in more detail with reference to these drawings.
- each slave BMS 20A is electrically connected to a plurality of battery packs 30A composed of a plurality of batteries or unit cells 40A, respectively, and the state of the battery 40A (Eg voltage, current and temperature) are measured. Then, the slave BMS 20A transmits these state data to the master BMS 10A, and the master BMS 10A controls each battery 40A based on this.
- An example of related prior art is Korean Patent Publication No. 10-2012-0037163.
- the circuit board of the master BMS 10B and each of the plurality of slave BMSs 20B arranged in a chain shape are connected to each other through a so-called daisy chain 70B, which is a serial communication network.
- daisy chain 70B which is a serial communication network.
- each slave BMS 20B measures the battery state of each corresponding battery pack 30B, and inputs its data sequentially from the top slave BMS 20B to the bottom slave BMS 20B one by one through a daisy chain 70B. Finally, it is transmitted to the master BMS 10B by accumulating it, and the control signal from the master BMS 10B calculated based on the received data is also sequentially through the daisy chain 70B in the same manner as before. It is transmitted to each slave BMS (20B) from the top to the bottom.
- Such a system shutdown causes serious problems such as battery deterioration by completely shutting off the power supply from the system or generating an abnormal voltage until the problem is solved.
- the present invention can be operated without stopping the system even when a problem occurs in the master BMS, unlike the conventional battery management system. It is intended to provide a battery management system and a driving method thereof.
- the present invention for solving the above problems relates to a battery management system for controlling a battery system configured by connecting a plurality of battery packs each electrically connected to each other.
- each of the plurality of battery packs measures and calculates data on the electrical characteristic values of the battery packs it manages in real time, and communicates with each other to exchange their measured and calculated data in real time with each other.
- It includes a plurality of Smart Slave BMSs that monitor each other's status in real time by storing and updating them inside each other.
- each of the plurality of smart slave BMSs has a structure that is capable of performing both a master function and a slave function, but is switched to perform one of the master function and the slave function according to selection, so that the plurality of smart slaves One of the slave BMSs is switched to the master mode smart slave BMS to perform the master function, and the other smart slave BMS is switched to the slave mode smart slave BMS to perform the slave function.
- the master mode smart slave BMS receives the measured and calculated data from each of the slave mode smart slave BMSs, collects and processes them, and controls the battery management system.
- the smart slave BMS whose status is recognized as a fault can be removed and removed from the battery management system.
- the master mode smart slave BMS whose status is recognized as fault can be separated and removed from the battery management system, and any other smart slave BMS can be switched to the master mode smart slave BMS.
- the measured and calculated data may include one or more of an SOC estimate and an SOH estimate.
- the measured and calculated data may further include one or more of current and voltage, temperature and ambient temperature of the battery cell or battery pack.
- the master mode smart slave BMS may control power supply to a driving load externally connected to the battery management system, control charge / discharge of the battery cell, control voltage smoothing between the battery cells, and process the processed according to an external request. One or more of the calculation and output of the data may be performed.
- the communication may be CAN communication.
- a plurality of battery packs each configured with a plurality of battery cells electrically connected to each other are configured to be electrically connected to each other, and each of the plurality of battery packs has both a master function and a slave function.
- Each of the plurality of Smart Slave BMSs communicate with each other to check the connection status of each other, and each measure and calculate the data on the electrical characteristic values of the battery packs they manage in real time, and measure and calculate their own data. Monitoring each other's status in real time by exchanging them with each other in real time and storing and updating each of them inside;
- the master mode smart slave BMS controls the battery management system by collecting or processing the measured and calculated data from each of the slave mode smart slave BMS.
- the method can further include the following steps:
- the master mode smart slave BMS checks in real time one or more voltage levels of the slave mode smart BMS based on the measured and calculated data; When the voltage level is less than a predetermined reference range, the battery cell is initially charged until the range is reached; When the voltage level is within a predetermined reference range, an electrical connection to an externally connected driving load of the battery management system is initiated.
- the step may include adding a new smart slave BMS to the battery management system and replacing the removed smart slave BMS with the new smart slave BMS.
- the smart slave BMS in the fault state is removed and removed from the battery management system and replaced with any other smart slave BMS to clear the fault state.
- the smart slave BMS in the fault state is the master mode smart slave BMS
- the master mode smart slave BMS recognized as a fault is removed and removed from the battery management system, and any other smart slave BMS master It may include switching to a mode smart slave BMS.
- a new smart slave BMS is further input to the battery management system, and the other one smart slave BMS is among the plurality of remaining smart slave BMSs including the new smart slave BMS.
- One can be arbitrarily selected.
- the smart slave BMS system according to the present invention is greatly improved in stability and very advantageous since it is replaced and operated by other BMS without stopping the system even when a problem occurs in the master BMS.
- each smart slave BMS independently calculates not only the status data of each other, but also the estimated values of the state of charge (SOC) and health of the battery (SOH) in real time, and exchanges and stores them between each other
- SOC state of charge
- SOH health of the battery
- 1 and 2 are views schematically showing the structure of a conventional battery pack system, respectively.
- FIG. 3 is a diagram schematically showing the structure of a smart slave BMS according to an embodiment of the present invention.
- FIG. 4 is a diagram schematically showing a structure of a smart slave BMS system 100 according to an embodiment of the present invention in which a plurality of smart slave BMSs of FIG. 3 are connected.
- FIG. 5 is a flowchart illustrating the operation of the smart slave BMS system according to the present invention.
- fault is used to mean not only a failure of a battery cell or a BMS, but also a disconnection or short circuit of these connection lines.
- the present invention is to solve the above-mentioned problems, and provides a plurality of so-called smart slave BMSs, which are distributed structures in which a master BMS function is assigned to a slave BMS.
- the smart slave BMS is configured such that each board can also perform a master function.
- each of these smart slave BMSs is electrically connected to a corresponding battery pack, while communicating with each other, exchanging their state data and estimated data calculated based on the same in real time, and relying on itself and other smart slaves
- the data of the BMS is stored and updated in each.
- one of these smart slave BMSs is randomly selected to function as a master, and the smart slave BMS (hereinafter referred to as "master mode smart slave BMS") selected to function as a master function receives data from the remaining smart slave BMSs and collects them. Based on this, the entire system is collectively controlled.
- a smart slave BMS when a smart slave BMS is in a fault state, it is possible to recognize it in real time and take immediate action.
- other smart slave BMSs can recognize it in real time as described above.
- it By selecting it as a BMS and continuously controlling and operating the system, it can be operated stably without interruption of the system. Therefore, when a problem occurs in the master BMS as in the prior art, the situation in which the entire system had to be stopped can be basically excluded, which is very advantageous.
- each smart slave BMS is a state data of each other (for example, measurement of electrical characteristics of current and voltage, current and voltage of the battery pack, voltage and temperature of each battery cell and surroundings)
- SOC state of charge
- SOH state of health
- FIG. 3 shows the components mounted on the smart slave BMS 110 board according to an embodiment of the present invention
- FIG. 4 is a schematic configuration diagram of the smart slave BMS system 100 according to an embodiment of the present invention.
- the smart slave BMS 110 is electrically connected to each battery pack 130 configured by stacking a plurality of battery cells 140 electrically connected to each other.
- the plurality of smart slave BMSs 100 are connected to each other as well as illustrated in FIG. 4 to form the entire smart slave BMS system 100.
- the smart slave BMS 110 is generally a sensing unit 112, a microcontroller unit (MCU) 111, a power unit 119, a storage unit 114, the communication unit It may include a 113 and the interface unit 118, the protection circuit unit 117 and the mode control unit 115.
- MCU microcontroller unit
- the sensing unit 112 transmits the sensing data obtained by measuring the current and voltage of the battery pack, the voltage and temperature of each battery cell, and the ambient temperature to the MCU 111.
- the sensing unit 112 may include a conventional analog-to-digital converter (ADC) that converts the measured analog data into digital data.
- ADC analog-to-digital converter
- a sensor unit 170 including a current sensor that measures the output current amount of the battery pack and outputs it to the sensing unit 112 may be connected to the sensing unit 112.
- a cooling fan for cooling the heat generated by the battery pack based on a control signal output from the MCU 111 may be separately connected to the interface unit 118 from the outside.
- the MCU 111 performs an operation based on the sensing data transmitted from the sensing unit 112 to charge a state of a battery ("SOC”) and a state of health (“SOH”). ), Etc. are estimated and information indicating the state of the battery is generated and processed, and then provided to the outside. As described later, charging and discharging of the battery cell is controlled based on the collected SOC and SOH estimates.
- SOC state of a battery
- SOH state of health
- each smart slave BMS 110 is electrically connected to each other to exchange and monitor sensing data and data including SOC and SOH estimates. That is, as described above, each smart slave BMS 110 prepares real-time sensing data related to its own state and calculates and extracts SOC and SOH estimates in real time from its MCU 111 based on this.
- the communication unit 113 of each smart slave BMS 110 transmits all of its data to the other smart slave BMS 100 through the interface unit 118 and exchanges them by receiving all of the data.
- the storage unit 140 of each smart slave BMS 110 stores and updates all data of the smart slave BMS 100 different from itself with the ID of the corresponding smart slave BMS 100.
- the storage unit 140 may be a conventional volatile or nonvolatile memory.
- one of the plurality of smart slave BMS 110 in the present invention is automatically selected through the mode control unit 115 to arbitrarily function as a master, and the selected master mode smart slave BMS 110 is the remaining smart slave BMSs.
- the entire system is collectively controlled based on all data received from the 110.
- a user may forcibly intervene through a switching element (eg, a dip switch) connected to the outside to manually select any master mode smart slave BMS 110.
- the remaining smart slave BMSs 110 have sensing data (for example, electrical characteristic values of current and voltage, current and voltage of the battery pack, voltage and temperature of each battery cell, and ambient temperature, etc.) and SOC and SOH calculated based thereon. While data such as the estimated value is exchanged and stored updated with each other, it is transmitted to the selected master mode smart slave BMS 100 in real time.
- sensing data for example, electrical characteristic values of current and voltage, current and voltage of the battery pack, voltage and temperature of each battery cell, and ambient temperature, etc.
- each smart slave BMS 110 of the present invention may further include a cell balancing unit composed of a conventional electric circuit for the voltage smoothing operation.
- the master mode smart slave BMS 100 arbitrarily processes data transmitted from the remaining smart slave BMSs 100 according to an external request, such data (for example, the current total system data)
- data for example, the current total system data
- the average value, standard deviation, maximum / minimum value, number, statistical value, etc. may be output to an externally connected upper controller (not shown) or displayed as a display device.
- the communication unit 113 of the smart slave BMS 110 through the interface unit 118, communication with an external device, and communication between the smart slave BMS 110 (ie, smart slave BMS 110)-smart Slave BMS 110 communication, smart slave BMS 110-master mode smart slave BMS 110 communication).
- each smart slave BMS 110 transmits and receives various data to and from other smart slave BMSs 110.
- the communication unit 113 of the master mode smart slave BMS 110 selected as the master while receiving all data from the communication unit 113 of the remaining smart slave BMS 110, and from its own MCU 111 Commands, etc. issued to each remaining smart slave BMS 110 are transmitted to the remaining smart slave BMS 110.
- the communication unit 113 is located between the battery and the driving load (for example, an electric motor driving device) through the interface unit 118, the main relay of the power relay assembly (Power Relay Assembly (PRA)) to control the electrical connection (shown) Can not be connected).
- the communication unit 113 may use normal RS232 / RS485 communication and / or CAN (Controller Area Network) communication as an embodiment.
- the protection circuit unit 117 prevents a failure or a breakdown of a battery cell due to this by breaking the circuit when an overcharge, overdischarge, overcurrent, or short circuit condition of the battery is detected.
- the protection circuit unit 117 includes a normal over voltage protection (OVP), under voltage protection (UVP), over temperature protection (OTP), over current protection (OCP), and short circuit protection (SCP) depending on the voltage state of the battery. ).
- FIG. 5 is a flowchart illustrating the operation of the smart slave BMS system 100 according to the present invention as described above.
- each smart slave BMS 110 checks a connection state between the adjacent smart slave BMSs 110 and each other, and measures in real time as described above.
- the SOC and SOH estimation values calculated based on the sensed data related to the own state are exchanged with other smart slave BMSs 100, and stored and updated (S510).
- the master mode smart slave BMS 110 is not selected (S520)
- one of the smart slave BMSs 110 is selected as the master mode smart slave BMS 110 (S530).
- This selection may be programmed to be performed based on the ID sequence number of the smart slave BMS 110 in one embodiment or randomly, and in another embodiment, as described above, the user is forcibly intervened in any master mode smart slave
- the BMS 110 can also be selected manually.
- each smart slave BMS 110 detects a fault from any smart slave BMS 110 (S540)
- the user (or ID or location information) of the faulted smart slave BMS 110 receives information from the user or the parent. Output or display to the controller so that immediate action can be taken (S545).
- This action separates the faulty Smart Slave BMS 110 and Battery Pack 130 from the Smart Slave BMS system 100 in one embodiment of the present invention and separates the existing Smart Slave BMS 110 from the existing or new Smart Slave BMS 110 and It may include an electrical connection by replacing the battery pack 130, and if the faulty smart slave BMS 110 was a master mode smart slave BMS 110, other smarts may be used in the automatic or manual manner described above.
- the master mode smart slave BMS 110 receives data including all of the state data and SOC and SOH estimates from the remaining smart slave BMS 110 and performs system control and calculation functions based on this, and processes the data to external It can be output or displayed as (S550).
- the master mode smart slave BMS 110 checks the voltage level of the smart slave BMS 110 in real time from the received data prior to the electrical connection to the driving load (for example, the electric motor drive) (S570) (S560) ) If it is less than a predetermined reference voltage range, current congestion may be prevented by initial charging to the reference voltage range in a normal manner (S565). And, when all battery packs are within a predetermined reference voltage range (S560), the master mode smart slave BMS 110 electrically turns on the main relay to electrically connect the entire system to the driving load (S570).
- the driving load for example, the electric motor drive
- each of the smart slave BMSs checks the connection state with each other and exchanges data of itself and other smart slave BMSs with each other in real time by exchanging their state data and estimated data calculated based on the state data.
- one of these smart slave BMSs is randomly selected as a master mode smart slave BMS to receive and collect data from the remaining smart slave BMSs, and control the entire system based on this.
- a smart slave BMS when a smart slave BMS is in a fault state, it not only recognizes it in real time and can take immediate action, but also recognizes it in real time even when the master mode smart slave BMS is in a fault state, and uses another smart slave BMS. Since it can be replaced immediately, it can be operated stably without any system downtime. Therefore, it is very advantageous because, in the case of a problem with the master BMS as in the related art, the situation in which the entire system had to be stopped can be basically excluded.
- each smart slave BMS independently calculates the state of charge of the battery (SOC) and the state of health (SOH) as well as each other's state data and exchanges them in real time. And by updating the storage, the master mode smart slave BMS only needs to collect and reconstruct these estimates in real time, greatly improving precision and speed compared to the conventional system.
- SOC state of charge of the battery
- SOH state of health
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- Charge And Discharge Circuits For Batteries Or The Like (AREA)
Abstract
Description
Claims (12)
- 각각 복수의 배터리 셀이 서로 전기적으로 연결되어 구성된 복수의 배터리 팩이 서로 전기적으로 연결되어 구성된 배터리 시스템을 제어하기 위한 배터리 관리 시스템에 있어서,상기 복수의 배터리 팩 각각은, 자신이 관리하는 배터리 팩의 전기적 특성값에 대한 데이터를 실시간으로 측정 및 연산하고, 서로 통신하여 자신의 상기 측정 및 연산한 데이터를 실시간으로 서로 교환하고 각각의 내부에 저장 및 갱신함으로써 실시간으로 서로의 상태를 모니터링하는 복수의 스마트 슬레이브 BMS를 포함하고,상기 복수의 스마트 슬레이브 BMS 각각은 마스터 기능과 슬레이브 기능 둘 다를 수행가능하도록 된 구조를 갖되, 선정에 따라 상기 마스터 기능 및 슬레이브 기능 중의 하나를 수행하도록 스위칭됨으로써, 복수의 상기 스마트 슬레이브 BMS 중에서 하나는 마스터 모드 스마트 슬레이브 BMS로 스위칭되어 상기 마스터 기능을 수행하고 나머지 다른 스마트 슬레이브 BMS는 슬레이브 모드 스마트 슬레이브 BMS로 스위칭되어 상기 슬레이브 기능을 수행하고, 상기 마스터 모드 스마트 슬레이브 BMS는 상기 슬레이브 모드 스마트 슬레이브 BMS 각각으로부터 상기 측정 및 연산한 데이터를 제공받아 수집 및 가공하고 상기 배터리 관리 시스템을 제어하는 것을 특징으로 하는 배터리 관리 시스템.
- 제1항에 있어서,상기 상태가 fault로 인식된 상기 스마트 슬레이브 BMS는 상기 배터리 관리 시스템으로부터 분리 및 제거되는 것을 특징으로 하는 배터리 관리 시스템.
- 제1항에 있어서,상기 상태가 fault로 인식된 상기 마스터 모드 스마트 슬레이브 BMS는 상기 배터리 관리 시스템으로부터 분리 및 제거되고, 다른 임의의 한 스마트 슬레이브 BMS가 마스터 모드 스마트 슬레이브 BMS로 스위칭되는 것을 특징으로 하는 배터리 관리 시스템.
- 제1항에 있어서,상기 측정 및 연산한 데이터는 SOC 추정값 및 SOH 추정값 중의 하나 이상을 포함하는 것을 특징으로 하는 배터리 관리 시스템.
- 제4항에 있어서,상기 측정 및 연산한 데이터는 상기 배터리 셀 또는 배터리 팩의 전류 및 전압, 온도 및 주변 온도 중의 하나 이상을 더 포함하는 것을 특징으로 하는 배터리 관리 시스템.
- 제1항에 있어서,상기 마스터 모드 스마트 슬레이브 BMS는 상기 배터리 관리 시스템에 외부 연결된 구동부하에 대한 전력공급 제어, 상기 배터리 셀의 충방전 제어, 상기 배터리 셀간 전압의 평활화 제어, 외부 요청에 따른 상기 가공된 상기 데이터의 연산 및 출력 중의 하나 이상을 수행하는 것을 특징으로 하는 배터리 관리 시스템.
- 제1항에 있어서,상기 통신은 CAN 통신인 것을 특징으로 하는 배터리 관리 시스템.
- 각각 복수의 배터리 셀이 서로 전기적으로 연결되어 구성된 복수의 배터리 팩이 서로 전기적으로 연결되어 구성되고, 상기 복수의 배터리 팩 각각은 마스터 기능과 슬레이브 기능 둘 다를 수행가능하도록 구성되되 선정에 따라 상기 마스터 기능 및 슬레이브 기능 중의 하나를 수행하도록 스위칭되는 스마트 슬레이브 BMS를 포함하는 배터리 시스템을 제어하기 위한 구동방법에 있어서,복수의 스마트 슬레이브 BMS 각각은 서로 통신하여 서로간의 연결상태를 확인하고, 각각 자신이 관리하는 배터리 팩의 전기적 특성값에 대한 데이터를 실시간으로 측정 및 연산하고, 자신의 상기 측정 및 연산한 데이터를 실시간으로 서로 교환하고 각각의 내부에 저장 및 갱신함으로써 실시간으로 서로의 상태를 모니터링하는 단계와;상기 마스터 기능을 수행하는 마스터 모드 스마트 슬레이브 BMS가 선정되어있는지를 확인하고 선정되어있지 않은 경우, 상기 복수의 스마트 슬레이브 BMS 중의 하나를 상기 마스터 모드 스마트 슬레이브 BMS로 스위칭하여 마스터 기능을 수행하게 하고 나머지 다른 스마트 슬레이브 BMS는 슬레이브 모드 스마트 슬레이브 BMS로 스위칭하여 슬레이브 기능을 수행하게 하는 단계와;상기 상태가 fault로 인식되는지를 확인하고 fault 상태인 스마트 슬레이브 BMS는 상기 배터리 관리 시스템으로부터 분리 및 제거하고 다른 임의의 스마트 슬레이브 BMS로 교체하여 상기 fault 상태를 해지시키는 단계와;상기 마스터 모드 스마트 슬레이브 BMS는 상기 슬레이브 모드 스마트 슬레이브 BMS 각각으로부터 상기 측정 및 연산한 데이터를 수집 또는 가공하여 상기 배터리 관리 시스템을 제어하는 단계를 포함하는 것을 특징으로 하는 배터리 관리 시스템의 구동방법.
- 제8항에 있어서,상기 마스터 모드 스마트 슬레이브 BMS는상기 측정 및 연산한 데이터에 기반하여 상기 슬레이브 모드 스마트 BMS 중의 하나 이상의 전압 수준을 실시간으로 확인하고,상기 전압 수준이 소정 기준의 범위를 미달하는 경우, 해당 배터리 셀을 상기 범위로 될 때까지 초기 충전하고,상기 전압 수준이 소정 기준의 범위인 경우, 상기 배터리 관리 시스템의 외부 연결된 구동부하에 대한 전기적 연결을 개시하는 단계를 더 포함하는 것을 특징으로 하는 배터리 관리 시스템의 구동방법.
- 제8항에 있어서,상기 상태가 fault로 인식되는지를 확인하고 fault 상태인 스마트 슬레이브 BMS는 상기 배터리 관리 시스템으로부터 분리 및 제거하고 다른 임의의 스마트 슬레이브 BMS로 교체하여 상기 fault 상태를 해지시키는 단계는신규의 스마트 슬레이브 BMS를 상기 배터리 관리 시스템에 추가로 투입하고,상기 제거된 스마트 슬레이브 BMS를 상기 신규의 스마트 슬레이브 BMS로 대체하는 것을 포함하는 것을 특징으로 하는 배터리 관리 시스템의 구동방법.
- 제8항에 있어서,상기 상태가 fault로 인식되는지를 확인하고 fault 상태인 스마트 슬레이브 BMS는 상기 배터리 관리 시스템으로부터 분리 및 제거하고 다른 임의의 스마트 슬레이브 BMS로 교체하여 상기 fault 상태를 해지시키는 단계는상기 fault 상태인 스마트 슬레이브 BMS가 상기 마스터 모드 스마트 슬레이브 BMS인 경우, fault로 인식된 상기 마스터 모드 스마트 슬레이브 BMS를 상기 배터리 관리 시스템으로부터 분리 및 제거하고, 다른 임의의 한 스마트 슬레이브 BMS가 마스터 모드 스마트 슬레이브 BMS로 스위칭되는 것을 포함하는 것을 특징으로 하는 배터리 관리 시스템의 구동방법.
- 제11항에 있어서,신규의 스마트 슬레이브 BMS가 상기 배터리 관리 시스템에 추가로 투입되고, 상기 다른 임의의 한 스마트 슬레이브 BMS는 상기 신규의 스마트 슬레이브 BMS를 포함한 나머지 상기 복수의 스마트 슬레이브 BMS 중에서 하나가 임의로 선택되는 것을 특징으로 하는 배터리 관리 시스템의 구동방법.
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