WO2020057141A1 - 一种医学图像四维可视化的方法及装置 - Google Patents

一种医学图像四维可视化的方法及装置 Download PDF

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Publication number
WO2020057141A1
WO2020057141A1 PCT/CN2019/086231 CN2019086231W WO2020057141A1 WO 2020057141 A1 WO2020057141 A1 WO 2020057141A1 CN 2019086231 W CN2019086231 W CN 2019086231W WO 2020057141 A1 WO2020057141 A1 WO 2020057141A1
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module
medical image
communication
sub
server
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PCT/CN2019/086231
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English (en)
French (fr)
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黎静
李震
邓胡川
褚倩
谢庆国
肖鹏
张智
高杰临
杨仪
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苏州瑞派宁科技有限公司
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Priority to JP2020568221A priority Critical patent/JP7083047B2/ja
Priority to EP19863884.3A priority patent/EP3806100A4/en
Publication of WO2020057141A1 publication Critical patent/WO2020057141A1/zh

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    • G—PHYSICS
    • G16—INFORMATION AND COMMUNICATION TECHNOLOGY [ICT] SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR SPECIFIC APPLICATION FIELDS
    • G16H—HEALTHCARE INFORMATICS, i.e. INFORMATION AND COMMUNICATION TECHNOLOGY [ICT] SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR THE HANDLING OR PROCESSING OF MEDICAL OR HEALTHCARE DATA
    • G16H30/00—ICT specially adapted for the handling or processing of medical images
    • G16H30/20—ICT specially adapted for the handling or processing of medical images for handling medical images, e.g. DICOM, HL7 or PACS
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G16—INFORMATION AND COMMUNICATION TECHNOLOGY [ICT] SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR SPECIFIC APPLICATION FIELDS
    • G16H—HEALTHCARE INFORMATICS, i.e. INFORMATION AND COMMUNICATION TECHNOLOGY [ICT] SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR THE HANDLING OR PROCESSING OF MEDICAL OR HEALTHCARE DATA
    • G16H30/00—ICT specially adapted for the handling or processing of medical images
    • G16H30/40—ICT specially adapted for the handling or processing of medical images for processing medical images, e.g. editing
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G16—INFORMATION AND COMMUNICATION TECHNOLOGY [ICT] SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR SPECIFIC APPLICATION FIELDS
    • G16H—HEALTHCARE INFORMATICS, i.e. INFORMATION AND COMMUNICATION TECHNOLOGY [ICT] SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR THE HANDLING OR PROCESSING OF MEDICAL OR HEALTHCARE DATA
    • G16H40/00—ICT specially adapted for the management or administration of healthcare resources or facilities; ICT specially adapted for the management or operation of medical equipment or devices
    • G16H40/60—ICT specially adapted for the management or administration of healthcare resources or facilities; ICT specially adapted for the management or operation of medical equipment or devices for the operation of medical equipment or devices
    • G16H40/67—ICT specially adapted for the management or administration of healthcare resources or facilities; ICT specially adapted for the management or operation of medical equipment or devices for the operation of medical equipment or devices for remote operation
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G16—INFORMATION AND COMMUNICATION TECHNOLOGY [ICT] SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR SPECIFIC APPLICATION FIELDS
    • G16H—HEALTHCARE INFORMATICS, i.e. INFORMATION AND COMMUNICATION TECHNOLOGY [ICT] SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR THE HANDLING OR PROCESSING OF MEDICAL OR HEALTHCARE DATA
    • G16H50/00—ICT specially adapted for medical diagnosis, medical simulation or medical data mining; ICT specially adapted for detecting, monitoring or modelling epidemics or pandemics
    • G16H50/70—ICT specially adapted for medical diagnosis, medical simulation or medical data mining; ICT specially adapted for detecting, monitoring or modelling epidemics or pandemics for mining of medical data, e.g. analysing previous cases of other patients

Definitions

  • the invention relates to an image processing method and device in the field of medical equipment, and more particularly to a method and device for four-dimensional visualization of medical images.
  • the three-dimensional visualization technology of medical images can provide doctors with relevant information needed for more objective diagnosis, such as displaying organ shape, blood vessel distribution and trend, lesion size and spatial location, and relationship with other surrounding tissues or organs. This information can make up for the limitations and subjectivity of doctors during manual diagnosis. It can enable doctors to observe and analyze medical images from more angles and levels, and more intuitively obtain the information contained in medical images. It plays a very important role in diagnosis and treatment.
  • the three-dimensional visualization of medical images mainly includes three methods: (1) remote modeling and rendering, and local interactive display, which mainly obtains the corresponding interaction events and required rendering modeling parameters through the page in the local browser, and then converts these The data is sent to the remote modeling and rendering end for rendering; (2) remote modeling and local rendering interaction methods, including remote modeling and local rendering, is different from remote modeling in that it does not need data rendering, only Establish the data model generated by medical image data pre-processing, and the local rendering end can perform rendering interaction after obtaining the data model from the remote modeling end; (3) the local browser medical image visualization method, which can be performed directly on the local browser Visualization of medical images.
  • Mahmoudi proposed a Web-Based medical image visualization framework, which implements a scalable 2D and 3D medical image visualization platform.
  • the internal components of the platform are independent of each other, and image preprocessing, registration, segmentation, and visualization are realized.
  • Hachaj uses a method of drastically reducing the resolution in the B / S mode framework to achieve direct volume rendering.
  • the network overhead is low, the overall frame rate is also low, and the sharpness of the image frames during interaction is poor.
  • the medical image processing system in the prior art often requires a special person to operate, which is not easy to operate and learn;
  • the medical image processing system in the prior art has a single function and is limited by the medical image format, which is difficult to meet the needs of precise and individualized modern medicine.
  • the purpose of the present invention is to provide a method and device for four-dimensional visualization of medical images, so as to solve the problem that the medical image processing system in the prior art cannot meet the precise and individualized four-dimensional imaging requirements in modern medicine.
  • the technical solution of the present invention is to provide a method for four-dimensional visualization of medical images, which method includes the following steps:
  • Step S1 The user uploads the medical image data to a control module through several clients;
  • Step S2 analyzing the medical image data through the control module and feeding back the analysis result to the client, while transferring the medical image data and the analysis result to a storage server;
  • Step S3 use the storage server to preprocess the medical image data and send the formed preprocessed image to the processing module;
  • Step S4 The processing module performs dynamic 3D image processing according to the preprocessed image, and provides a dynamic 3D medical image display of the medical image on the client.
  • step S1 the client transmits medical image data to the control module in the form of compressed data and messages.
  • step S1 the client sends a user request to the control module through an interconnection unit.
  • the control module receives the user request and feeds back the analysis result to the client.
  • the control module simultaneously assigns different storage servers and processing modules. User request.
  • the types of medical image data include: medical digital imaging and communication files, raw data files, statistical parameter map files, neuroimaging informatics technology initiative files, Interfile files, Analyze files, Portable network graphics files, MINC files, BMP files, JPEG files, etc.
  • step S2 the control module parses the medical image data through a central server and performs data interaction with the client, and the central server transfers the medical image data and the analysis result to the storage server through a communication module.
  • the communication module includes a first communication submodule, a second communication submodule, and a third communication submodule that communicate with each other.
  • the first communication submodule communicates with the interconnection unit through the central server, and the storage server communicates through the first
  • the three communication submodules communicate with the first communication submodule, and the processing module communicates with the central server and the storage server through the second communication submodule.
  • step S3 the specific method of preprocessing is: the processing module generates three-dimensional data in the medical image data in three directions of X, Y, and Z, which are perpendicular to each other, and The sectional tomographic image is saved to a storage server.
  • step S4 the processing module calculates each frame reconstruction result through a rendering core submodule, and a network communication submodule is responsible for communication with the client, message parsing, and communication with the storage server.
  • Inter-database operations through a logical management sub-module, respond to interaction events from the client, sort and sort the interaction request messages from the network communication sub-module, and discard the wrong or duplicate interaction request messages.
  • step S4 the processing module performs dynamic three-dimensional image processing, and transmits the processing result to the client in the form of compressed data and messages for dynamic display of the medical image.
  • the invention also provides a device for four-dimensional visualization of medical images using the method for four-dimensional visualization of medical images, which device includes:
  • a sensing module which includes an interconnection unit and a plurality of clients in communication with the interconnection unit;
  • a control module that communicates with the client through an interconnection unit to process various user requests from the client;
  • a communication module including a first communication sub-module, a second communication sub-module, and a third communication sub-module that are communicatively connected to each other, and the first communication sub-module is communicatively connected to the interconnection unit through the control module;
  • the processing module includes a storage sub-module and a logic sub-module.
  • the storage sub-module includes a storage server and a cache server, and the storage server communicates with the cache server through a third communication sub-module; the cache server communicates with the first communication sub-module and the first
  • the two communication sub-modules and the third communication sub-module are in communication connection, and the logic sub-module is in communication connection with the storage server and the control module through the second communication sub-module.
  • control module includes a plurality of control units that are communicatively connected to each other and respectively process different user requests.
  • one of the control units is a hub server, and the hub server is communicatively connected with the client through the interconnection unit.
  • the first communication sub-module, the second communication sub-module, and the third communication sub-module are respectively disposed in a central server, a logical sub-module, and a storage server.
  • the central server of the control module receives and parses the medical image file uploaded by the client and stores the medical image file and the analysis result to the storage server.
  • the types of medical image files include: medical digital imaging and communication files, raw data files, statistical parameter map files, neuroimaging informatics technology initiative files, InterFile files, Analyze files, portable network graphics files, MINC files, BMP files, JPEG files, etc.
  • the logic sub-module performs segmentation, registration, modeling, and reconstruction processing on the medical image file according to a user request.
  • the storage sub-module extracts the cross-sectional tomographic image from the medical image file, and stores the cross-sectional tomographic image in the storage server.
  • the logic sub-module includes a rendering core sub-module, a network communication sub-module, and a logic management sub-module that are communicatively connected with each other, wherein the rendering core sub-module performs reconstruction calculation on each frame of the medical image file, and
  • the communication sub-module feeds back information to the client and sends an interaction request message to the logic management sub-module.
  • the logic management sub-module sorts and sorts the interaction request messages, and eliminates useless or duplicate interaction request messages.
  • control module, the communication module, and the processing module are all structured on the same server, the client and the server are independent of each other, and the client and the server are connected through the control module and the communication module.
  • the medical image data is transmitted between the client and the server in the form of compressed data and messages.
  • the client sends a user request to the control module through the interconnection unit.
  • the control module receives the user request and feeds back data to the client.
  • the control module simultaneously assigns different user requests to the storage server, cache server, and logical submodule .
  • the client includes a mobile phone, a tablet computer, a computer, and the like.
  • the storage sub-module and the logical sub-module in the processing module are formed by using a plurality of server communication connections, and the storage sub-module and the logical sub-module architecture run on different servers independently of each other.
  • the processing module is provided with a resource monitoring sub-module, and the resource monitoring sub-module is communicatively connected with an interconnection unit in the sensing module.
  • the cache server is a key-value storage database.
  • the cache server is used as the data exchange center to expand and support master-slave synchronization, so that data can be quickly synchronized between the sensing module, communication module, processing module, and control module, which greatly improves the performance of data access.
  • the user can complete the processing operation without directly installing the system locally, and directly using an ordinary computer or even a mobile device.
  • the system is divided into four modules, the perception module feedbacks the user's interactive behavior, the communication module is responsible for the communication between the various modules, and the processing module is responsible for the storage and distribution of the medical image data And processing, such as segmentation, registration, modeling, and four-dimensional visualization.
  • the control module processes various requests from the perception module, manages user permissions, allocates server resources, and displays the processing results of medical images. Different medical image visualization methods can be quickly deployed into the device.
  • the cost is lower, and it can be accessed at any time, any place, and any platform. It is more flexible and can bring greater convenience to doctors and researchers.
  • FIG. 1 is a schematic diagram of a system arrangement of a medical image four-dimensional visualization device according to a preferred embodiment of the present invention
  • FIG. 2 is a schematic diagram of a medical image file hierarchy of the apparatus for four-dimensional visualization of a medical image according to FIG. 1;
  • FIG. 3 is a schematic flowchart of a process management database of the apparatus for four-dimensional visualization of a medical image according to FIG. 1;
  • FIG. 4 is a schematic flowchart of a Redis communication method of the medical image four-dimensional visualization device according to FIG. 1;
  • FIG. 5 is a schematic flowchart of medical image file analysis according to the method of four-dimensional visualization of a medical image of FIG. 1;
  • FIG. 6 is a schematic diagram of a processing result of a logical sub-module of the apparatus for four-dimensional visualization of a medical image according to FIG. 1.
  • FIG. 1 is a schematic diagram of the arrangement of a device for four-dimensional visualization of medical images provided by the present invention.
  • the device for four-dimensional visualization of medical images provided by the present invention includes a sensing module 10, a control module 20, a communication module 30, and a processing module 40.
  • the sensing module 10 includes an interconnection unit 11 and a plurality of clients 12, 13, 14;
  • the control module 20 includes a hub server 21;
  • the hub server 21 communicates with the clients 12, 13, 14 through the interconnection unit 11, respectively, and the communication module 30
  • the communication module includes a first communication sub-module 31, a second communication sub-module 32, and a third communication sub-module 33.
  • the processing module 40 includes a storage sub-module and a logic sub-module 42.
  • the storage sub-module includes a storage server 41 and a cache server. 43, the first communication sub-module 31, the second communication sub-module 32 and the third communication sub-module 33 are respectively provided in the central server 21, the logical sub-module 42 and the storage server 41, so as to provide for each module of the entire device. Communication. More specifically, the first communication sub-module 31 is communicatively connected to the interconnection unit 11 through the central server 21; the third communication sub-module 33 in the storage server 41 is connected to the second communication sub-module 32, the first communication sub-module 33, and the cache server, respectively.
  • the sensing module 10 feedbacks the user's interaction behavior through the clients 12, 13, 14;
  • the control module 20 is the core of the entire device, and the first communication submodule 31 in the central server 21 and the storage server 41, the cache server 43, and the The logic sub-module 42 and the client connect and control the operation of all servers;
  • the control module 20 processes various requests from the sensing module 10, manages user permissions, allocates server-side resources, and displays the processing results of medical images;
  • the communication module 30 is responsible for each Communication between modules; storage server 41 is responsible for data storage and distribution, providing an important database guarantee for the normal operation of the device; cache server 43 provides assistance for fast data exchange and synchronization of the device;
  • processing module 40 is responsible for medical images Processing such as segmentation, registration, modeling, and reconstruction provides a carrier for complex algorithms
  • the control module 20 is responsible for receiving the user request sent from the sensing module 10, analyzing the user request, judging the legitimacy and type of the user request, and obtaining data from the storage submodule as needed It distributes to different clients 12, 13, 14 or forwards user requests to the processing module 40.
  • the control module 20 After the user uploads the original medical image data to the control module 20 through the sensing module 10, the control module 20 first stores the uploaded medical image data to the database of the storage server 41, and simultaneously performs image analysis on the medical image data, and medical image data analysis After completion, the control module 20 returns the analysis result to the perception module 10 to notify the user of the status of uploading the medical image data. If the upload status is normal, further image data processing is performed.
  • the analysis result is returned to the perception module 10 to Mark this upload as available.
  • the uploaded medical image will be displayed in a one-dimensional or multi-dimensional webpage through the sensing module 10. Since a medical image data usually has tens of megabytes or even several gigabytes, in order to realize the rapid transmission of a large amount of medical data when transmitting medical image data, the control module 20 performs data exchange with the cache server 43 through the first communication submodule 31. In addition, in order to achieve the simultaneous operation of multiple users, the server needs to be equipped with a processor with more cores. Therefore, on the hardware, the control module 20 generally uses a physical machine configured with a processor of at least 4 cores and a 10 Gigabit dual optical port network card to support the above-mentioned rapid transmission of medical data and simultaneous operation by multiple users.
  • the storage sub-module mainly implements the following functions:
  • the storage server 41 in the storage sub-module is responsible for pre-processing medical image data to form a pre-processed image, as well as storage of medical image files and database storage;
  • the cache server 43 in the storage sub-module is The device's fast data exchange and synchronization help.
  • Specific medical image file types include: DICOM (Digital Imaging and Communications), which is the medical digital imaging and communication file, which is the international standard ISO 12052 for medical images and related information, RawData (raw data) files, and SPM (statistical parameter maps) ) Files, NIFTI (Neuroimaging Informatics Technology Initiative) files, Interfile files, Analyze files, portable network graphics files, MINC files, BMP files, JPEG files, etc.
  • the storage server 41 uses an array card to implement a storage disk array, and regularly backs up data. It uses a database management tool to establish a database and provide corresponding services.
  • the database needs to store the following information: website dynamic information, file storage paths, System usage records.
  • the processing module 40 is a main processing platform for image visualization, and is responsible for processing medical images, such as segmentation, registration, modeling, reconstruction, and the like.
  • the processing module 40 obtains data from the cache server 43 under the management of the control module 20, and additionally receives user requests from the sensing module 10, analyzes the requests and judges their legitimacy, performs corresponding processing, and sends the processing results to the control module 20.
  • the processing module 40 is also equipped with a resource monitoring program for monitoring the use of resources such as CPU, GPU, memory, and video memory, and sending related data to the control module 20, so that the control module 20 can perform task scheduling according to the resource usage status .
  • the processing module 40 can adopt multiple high-performance physical machines according to requirements.
  • the storage sub-module can be composed of one or more storage servers, and each server is equipped with at least 16T storage space to realize a large amount of medical image data. Storage needs.
  • the logical sub-module is configured with a processor of at least twelve cores, 64G memory, dual graphics cards with a memory capacity of 6G, and a 10 Gigabit dual optical port network card to meet a large number of computing and data interaction requirements, and all physical machine configurations can be based on Actual needs are expanding.
  • the cache server 43 is a data exchange center for a high-speed network channel, and can serve as a high-speed exchange channel and a buffer between the central server 21, the storage server 41, and the logic sub-module 42.
  • the cache server 43 is a key-value storage database (also known as a key-value memory database). Compared with other disk-based databases, the cache server 43 has a very high data read and write speed, while retaining the ease of use of the database. So it can be used as a buffer.
  • the cache server 43 may be integrated with the storage server 41 and the logic sub-module 42 on the same physical machine, or other physical machines may be used alone. In the embodiment of FIG. 1, the cache server 43 and the storage server 41 are integrated on the same physical machine.
  • the medical image four-dimensional visualization device provided by the present invention is based on the B / S architecture, and uses the cache server 43 as the data exchange center. It is set up by three servers, which separates algorithms, data, and interfaces. It has low coupling, fast deployment, and high performance. Maintainability and other advantages, can be used on browsers (PC and mobile devices) without any extensions. Because data storage and execution processing are completed on the storage server 41 and the logical sub-module 42, respectively, the data needs to be communicated between different servers. The data communication between servers has extremely high requirements on transmission efficiency. It has a large number of concurrent and large load traffic. In the case of data, in addition to the transmission of data in the physical medium, the reading, writing, and encapsulation of the file will affect the communication efficiency.
  • This device uses the master-slave connection mode of the cache server 43 to achieve "synchronization" of data, instead of traditional files. The "send / receive" method ensures the efficiency of data transmission processing.
  • the database in the present invention mainly includes: (1) a Case Database (SD) for It is used to store patient information; (2) Image database (ImD) is used to store patient's image information; (3) Processing Management Database (PMD) is used to store management information of processing process. These three databases are set in the storage server 41, so that the entire device has the ability of data mining and back analysis.
  • SD Case Database
  • ImD Image database
  • PMD Processing Management Database
  • the medical image file includes a patient, a study, a series, and an image.
  • each level has a key value that can uniquely identify the attribute of the level.
  • the central server 21 in the control module 20 parses the medical image files and decomposes each medical image file.
  • the extensible markup language file is used as the case information of the medical image file.
  • the image pixel information, the original medical image data, and the preprocessed image are combined.
  • Both the case information and the image information are stored in the storage server 41 through the first communication sub-module 31 and the third communication sub-module 33 and form a case database (SD) and an image database (ImD).
  • SD case database
  • ImD image database
  • FIG. 3 is a schematic flowchart of a process management database of the device for four-dimensional visualization of a medical image according to FIG. 1.
  • a process management database PMD
  • the process management database and the sensing module are respectively 10 and the case database (SD) communication connection.
  • SD case database
  • the processing management database enables the system to have data mining and back analysis capabilities, and enables the system to be no longer limited to a single operation such as simple window adjustment and enhancement, but can be combined with multiple image processing methods for more complex image processing operations.
  • the processing process information recorded in the processing management database includes: the processing operator, the processed sequence / image, the processing time, the processing method, the processing parameters, and the processing result. Among them, each type of processing process information is unique in the device. The "type" value and the corresponding parameter string, the processing management database stores the processed result file and records the result file address.
  • the device uses AJAX (Asynchronous) according to the communication content and communication environment between the different modules and the sensing module 10.
  • Javascript and XML that is, asynchronous JavaScript and XML
  • WebSocket a network protocol, which was set by the IETF as the standard RFC6455 in 2011
  • Redis a key-value storage system
  • the AJAX communication method it can implement the polling communication between the processing module 40 and the sensing module 10, that is, the sensing module 10 sends an AJAX request to the processing module 40 at a certain interval. After receiving the AJAX request, the processing module 40 sends the AJAX request to the sensing. The module 10 returns the response data, and then closes the connection. After the sensing module 10 receives the response data, the Javascript in the clients 12, 13, 14 will process the response data and update it in the client's page file.
  • the present invention uses this communication method to transmit two-dimensional medical images between the sensing module 10 and the processing module 40, which has high stability and compatibility, and minimizes the consumption of bandwidth and time of the processing module during image transmission.
  • the AJAX communication method can realize data transmission between the sensing module 10 and the processing module 40.
  • the processing module 40 needs to send the sensing module 10 in real time and actively As a result of processing, the AJAX communication mode cannot meet the requirements. Therefore, further, the present invention adopts the WebSocket communication method.
  • WebSocket is a new network protocol based on TCP, which can realize full-duplex communication between the browser and the server, that is, allows the processing module 40 to actively send information to the perception. Module 10.
  • WebSocket defines a series of interfaces that can implement the push function between modules, which can greatly reduce the consumption of network bandwidth and other data during real-time data transmission, and improve system performance.
  • the WebSocket communication method sends a WebSocket connection request through the sensing module 10 during the connection process, and the processing module 40 sends a response after receiving the request message.
  • This process completes a handshake between the two, Establish an information channel so that data information can be transmitted at any time without the need to establish a connection multiple times and wait for a response.
  • the processing module 40 no longer passively receives the request message of the sensing module 10 before returning data, but instead actively pushes to the processing module 40 when there is new request message data.
  • the processing module 40 needs to continuously render processing results at a higher frame rate, and these data will be continuously sent to the sensing module 10 using the WebSocket communication method, instead of being continuously sent by the sensing module 10 Send request.
  • the WebSocket communication method can greatly reduce the consumption of network bandwidth and has performance advantages.
  • FIG. 4 is a schematic flow chart of the Redis communication method of the medical image four-dimensional visualization device according to FIG. 1.
  • the processing module 40 and the storage server 41 synchronize data through a master-slave connection, and the processing module 40 serves as a host ( Master), the storage server 41 acts as a slave, and a piece of memory of the master is directly copied to the memory of the slave through an optical fiber, without the need for intermediate file analysis, hard disk read and write, and the like.
  • the slave After the connection is established between the master and the slave through the "request cache synchronization connection" status, the slave will actively send a SYNC (ie, cache synchronization connection) command to the master; (2) the master processing module 40 starts to call after receiving the SYNC command
  • the BGSAVE instruction (used to asynchronously save the current database data to disk in the background) writes the host's data into a database file (rdb file), and uses the cache server 43 to cache all the data set modification instructions executed thereafter; ( 3)
  • the master processing module 40 executes the BGSAVE command, it sends the snapshot file to the slave storage server 41 and continues to execute the data set modification instruction during the sending; (4) the slave storage server 41 discards all the previous files after receiving the snapshot file.
  • the Redis communication method operates on data extremely fast. It can perform approximately 110,000 data reads and 80,000 data write operations per second, and supports rich data types such as String, Lists, and Hashes. The results of the processing process are all stored in the memory of the processing module 40.
  • the data of the cache server 43 can be quickly stored on the storage server 41, and if necessary, can be further sent to the user through the control module 20.
  • This communication method can prevent the server-side image processing results from being frequently read / written on the hard disk, and achieve rapid data exchange and synchronization between memories.
  • FIG. 5 is a schematic flow chart of medical image file analysis according to the method of four-dimensional visualization of medical images in FIG. 1.
  • the central server 21 parses the medical image file, and transfers the medical image file and the analysis result to the storage server 41. After the processing is completed, the user can view related medical image file information and preview images on the data list page provided by the client.
  • the storage server 41 preprocesses the images at different points in time and provides bands.
  • the processing module provides a dynamic 3D medical image visualization function to the client through the control module 20 according to the time information and the cross-sectional tomographic image information.
  • the storage server 41 will pre-process the medical image files and provide cross-sectional tomographic images in three directions: cross-section, coronal and sagittal planes.
  • the tomographic image provides a display function of the medical image to the client through the control module 20. Specifically, as shown in FIG.
  • the storage server creates a cross-sectional tomographic image in the three directions of X, Y, and Z, which are perpendicular to each other, and saves it on the storage server 41. In the hard disk, this is the pre-processed image.
  • preprocessed images There are four formats of preprocessed images: (1) If the medical image file image is two-dimensional data in the X and Y directions, it will only be saved as a set of non-destructive preprocessed images in the order of the Z axis; if it is three-dimensional data, then According to three different directions of X, Y, and Z, respectively, three sets of data are stored as non-destructive preprocessed images; if it is four-dimensional image data, the time point information is recorded according to the recorded T time value, and then for each time point T , Save the “T ⁇ 3” group of non-destructive pre-processed images in three different directions of X, Y, and Z.
  • the medical image file image data is an 8-bit depth image, store the image directly as an 8-bit non-destructive preprocessed image, which supports up to 256 index color channels; (3) If the medical image file image data is 16-bit, 24-bit Or 32-bit depth image, the medical image image data is placed into the pre-processed image's RGBA (red, green, blue, alpha) channel in order from the high-end to the low-end in order of occupancy. It supports about 16 million color channels. After the processing process is over, the user can view the medical image file image through the client.
  • RGBA red, green, blue, alpha
  • the user sends a four-dimensional visualization request to the processing module 40 through a web server (WebServer) of the clients 12, 13, and 14, and the logic sub-module 42 of the processing module 40 includes three sub-modules: (1)
  • the rendering core sub-module is a core processing module that is responsible for calculating the reconstruction result of each frame; (2) a network communication sub-module that is responsible for communication with the client, message parsing, and database operations with the cache server 43, and to The logic management sub-module 42 issues an interaction request message; (3)
  • the logic management sub-module is responsible for responding to interaction events from the client, sorting and ordering the interaction request messages from the network communication sub-module, and erroneous or repeated interaction request messages Discard to reduce the computational burden of the rendering core submodule.
  • the logic sub-module 42 of the present invention can implement volume reconstruction (VR), surface reconstruction (SR), maximum intensity projection (MIP), and multi-planner reformation (MPR), etc. Operation to further dynamically generate a three-dimensional image group with time elements, that is, to realize four-dimensional visualization processing of medical images.
  • FIG. 6 is a three-dimensional medical image processed by the logical sub-module 42 using the medical image four-dimensional visualization device provided by the present invention. As can be seen from FIG. 6, the three-dimensional medical image obtained by the present invention is fast in processing and clear in display.
  • the cache server is used as the data exchange center to expand and support master-slave synchronization, so that data can be quickly synchronized between the sensing module, communication module, processing module, and control module, which greatly improves the performance of data access.
  • the user can complete the processing operation without directly installing the system locally, and directly using an ordinary computer or even a mobile device.
  • the system is divided into four modules, the perception module feedbacks the user's interaction behavior, the communication module is responsible for the communication between the various modules of the entire device, the processing module is responsible for the storage of medical image data, Distribution and processing, such as segmentation, registration, modeling, and reconstruction.
  • the control module processes various requests from the perception module, manages user permissions, allocates server-side resources, and displays the processing results of medical images. It has a strong expansion capability. Different medical image visualization methods can be quickly deployed into the device.
  • the four-dimensional visualization of volume reconstruction, surface reconstruction, and multi-planar reconstruction of medical images is realized, and the three-dimensional stereoscopic image is intuitively, accurately, and dynamically reconstructed. And speed up the image display speed as much as possible, convert medical image files into pre-processed images and realize the web page display of medical images.
  • the pre-processed images are losslessly compressed without data loss.
  • the cost is lower, and it can be accessed at any time, any place, and any platform. It is more flexible and can bring greater convenience to doctors and researchers.

Abstract

本发明提供一种医学图像四维可视化的方法及装置，用户通过客户端将医学图像数据上传至控制模块，控制模块解析医学图像数据并将解析结果反馈至客户端，存储服务器对医学图像数据进行预处理以形成截面断层图像，处理模块根据截面断层图像在客户端提供动态的三维医学图像显示。装置包括感知模块、控制模块、通信模块和处理模块，控制模块通过互联单元与客户端通信连接，存储服务器分别与控制模块、缓存服务器通信连接，缓存服务器与控制模块通信连接，处理模块分别与存储服务器、缓存服务器以及控制模块通信连接。本发明的模块之间可快速同步，提高了数据存取性能，便于操作，扩展性强，减少了网络传输数据和客户端计算资源消耗，成本更低。

Description

一种医学图像四维可视化的方法及装置 技术领域
本发明涉及医疗器械领域中的图像处理方法及装置，更具体地涉及一种医学图像四维可视化的方法及装置。
背景技术
随着计算机技术、通信技术以及医疗影像技术的快速发展，医学图像的可视化技术已经从单机模式逐渐转化为网络模式、数字化模式，而仅仅依靠传统的二维平面医学图像进行临床诊断的方式已经不能满足医生的需要，在此基础上的医学图像三维可视化技术的研究也快速开展起来。医学图像三维可视化技术能为医生提供更为客观的诊断所需的相关信息，例如，展示器官形态、血管分布及走向、病灶大小及空间位置、以及与周围其他组织或器官的关系等。这些信息可以弥补医生进行人工诊断时的局限性以及主观性，其可以使医生能够从更多角度、更多层次来观察和分析医学图像，更加直观地获得医学图像中所包含的信息，在疾病诊断、治疗中有着非常重要的作用。
医学图像的三维可视化方式主要包括三种方式：(1)远程建模渲染，本地交互显示方式，其主要通过本地浏览器中的页面获取到相应交互事件以及所需渲染建模参数，再将这些数据发送到远程建模渲染端进行渲染；(2)远程建模，本地渲染交互方式，包括远程建模端和本地渲染端，与远程建模不同之处在于其不需进行数据渲染，只需要建立医学影像数据预处理产生的数据模型，本地渲染端从远程建模端得到数据模型后便可进行渲染交互；(3)本地浏览器医学图像可视化方式，其在本地浏览器上便可直接进行医学图像的可视化。
目前，基于浏览器/服务器(Browser/Server，简称B/S)模式框架的医学图像三维可视化处理手段尚不多。比如，Mahmoudi提出了一种Web-Based的医学图像可视化框架，实现了一种可扩展的二维和三维医学图像可视化平台，平台内部组成相互独立，实现了图像预处理、配准、分割、可视化，但其在进行高频交互、高计算负载的可视化算法时需占用大量网络带宽。Hachaj在B/S模式框架下使用了大幅降低分辨率的方法以实现直接体绘制，虽然网络开销较低，但其总体帧率也较低，交互过程中的图像帧的清晰度较差。Wangkaoom等人使用了HTML5、JavaScript和WebGL(Web Graphics Library，一种3D绘图协议)等相关技术实现高质量实时体绘制框架，但数据量较大时，数据传输和初始化时间较长，交互流畅度低。总之，临床上医学图像的可视化处理手段主要有以下几个缺点：
第一、由于医学图像数据量大、计算需求高，现有技术中的图像处理装置需要使用高性能的图形工作站，因此处理的成本高、效率低，且往往需要依托于大型影像设备，处理 的过程受到了时间和地点的限制；
第二、现有技术中的医学图像处理系统往往需要专人进行操作，不易操作学习；
第三、不同图像处理系统使用的方法差异较大，系统的维护与更新需要设备供应商委派专业的工程师前往现场完成，非常不便；
第四、现有技术中的医学图像处理系统功能单一，且有着医学图像格式的限定，难以满足精准化、个体化的现代医学需求。
发明内容
本发明的目的是提供一种医学图像四维可视化的方法及装置，从而解决现有技术中的医学图像处理系统不能满足现代医学中精准化、个体化的四维成像需求的问题。
为了解决上述技术问题，本发明的技术方案是提供一种医学图像四维可视化的方法，该方法包括以下步骤：
步骤S1：用户通过若干个客户端将医学图像数据上传至一控制模块；
步骤S2：通过控制模块解析医学图像数据并将解析结果反馈至客户端，同时将医学图像数据以及解析结果转移至一存储服务器；
步骤S3：利用存储服务器对医学图像数据进行预处理并将形成的预处理图像发送至处理模块；
步骤S4：处理模块根据预处理图像进行动态的三维图像处理，并在客户端提供医学图像动态的三维医学图像显示。
根据本发明的一个实施例，在步骤S1中，客户端以压缩的数据及消息的形式向控制模块传递医学图像数据。
根据本发明的一个实施例，在步骤S1中，客户端通过一互联单元向控制模块发送用户请求，控制模块接收用户请求并向客户端反馈解析结果，控制模块同时向存储服务器以及处理模块分配不同的用户请求。
根据本发明的一个实施例，在步骤S1中，医学图像数据的类型包括：医学数字成像和通信文件、原始数据文件、统计参数图文件、神经影像信息学技术倡议文件、Interfile文件、Analyze文件、便携式网络图形文件、MINC文件、BMP文件、JPEG文件等。
根据本发明的一个实施例，在步骤S2中，控制模块通过一中枢服务器解析医学图像数据并与客户端进行数据交互，中枢服务器通过一通信模块向存储服务器转移医学图像数据以及解析结果。
根据本发明的一个实施例，通信模块包括彼此相互通信的第一通信子模块、第二通信子模块以及第三通信子模块，第一通信子模块通过中枢服务器与互联单元通信，存储服务器通过第三通信子模块与第一通信子模块通信，处理模块通过第二通信子模块与中枢服 务器以及存储服务器通信。
根据本发明的一个实施例，在步骤S3中，预处理的具体方法为：处理模块将医学图像数据中的三维数据分别以相互垂直的X、Y、Z三个方向制作截面断层图像，并将截面断层图像保存至存储服务器。
根据本发明的一个实施例，在步骤S4中，处理模块通过一渲染核心子模块计算每一帧重建结果，通过一网络通信子模块负责与客户端之间的通信、消息解析以及与存储服务器之间的数据库操作，通过一逻辑管理子模块响应来自客户端的交互事件，对来自网络通信子模块的交互请求消息进行分类和排序，对错误的或重复的交互请求消息进行抛弃。
根据本发明的一个实施例，在步骤S4中，处理模块进行动态的三维图像处理后以压缩的数据及消息的形式将处理结果传递至客户端以进行医学图像的动态显示。
本发明还提供一种采用上述医学图像四维可视化的方法的医学图像四维可视化的装置，该装置包括：
感知模块，该感知模块包括互联单元以及与互联单元通信连接的若干个客户端；
控制模块，该控制模块通过互联单元与客户端通信连接以处理来自客户端的各种用户请求；
通信模块，该通信模块包括彼此相互通信连接的第一通信子模块、第二通信子模块以及第三通信子模块，第一通信子模块通过控制模块与互联单元通信连接；以及
处理模块，该处理模块包括存储子模块以及逻辑子模块，存储子模块包括存储服务器和缓存服务器，存储服务器通过第三通信子模块与缓存服务器通信连接；缓存服务器分别与第一通信子模块、第二通信子模块以及第三通信子模块通信连接，逻辑子模块通过第二通信子模块与存储服务器以及控制模块通信连接。
根据本发明的一个实施例，控制模块包括相互通信连接且分别处理不同用户请求的多个控制单元。
根据本发明的一个实施例，其中一个控制单元为中枢服务器，中枢服务器通过互联单元与客户端通信连接。
根据本发明的一个实施例，第一通信子模块、第二通信子模块以及第三通信子模块分别设置于中枢服务器、逻辑子模块以及存储服务器中。
根据本发明的一个实施例，控制模块的中枢服务器接收和解析客户端上传的医学影像文件并将医学影像文件与解析结果移存至存储服务器。
根据本发明的一个实施例，医学影像文件的类型包括：医学数字成像和通信文件、原始数据文件、统计参数图文件、神经影像信息学技术倡议文件、InterFile文件、Analyze文件、便携式网络图形文件、MINC文件、BMP文件、JPEG文件等。
根据本发明的一个实施例，逻辑子模块根据用户请求对医学影像文件进行分割、配 准、建模、重建处理。
根据本发明的一个实施例，存储子模块根据医学影像文件提取截面断层图像，并将截面断层图像存储于存储服务器中。
根据本发明的一个实施例，逻辑子模块包括相互通信连接的渲染核心子模块、网络通信子模块以及逻辑管理子模块，其中，渲染核心子模块对医学影像文件的每一帧进行重建计算，网络通信子模块向客户端反馈信息并向逻辑管理子模块发送交互请求消息，逻辑管理子模块对交互请求消息分类、排序，剔除无用的或者重复的交互请求消息。
根据本发明的一个实施例，控制模块、通信模块与处理模块均架构在同一服务端上，客户端与服务端彼此独立，客户端与服务端通过控制模块以及通信模块进行连接。
根据本发明的一个实施例，客户端与服务端之间以压缩的数据及消息的形式传递医学图像数据。
根据本发明的一个实施例，客户端通过互联单元向控制模块发送用户请求，控制模块接收用户请求并向客户端反馈数据，控制模块同时向存储服务器、缓存服务器以及逻辑子模块分配不同的用户请求。
根据本发明的一个实施例，客户端包括手机、平板电脑以及计算机等。
根据本发明的一个实施例，处理模块中的存储子模块和逻辑子模块通过采用数台服务器通信连接构成，存储子模块与逻辑子模块架构在不同服务器上且相互之间独立运行。
根据本发明的一个实施例，处理模块上设置有资源监测子模块，资源监测子模块与感知模块中的互联单元通信连接。
根据本发明的一个实施例，缓存服务器为键值存储数据库。
本发明提供的医学图像四维可视化的方法及装置，具有以下优点：
第一、以缓存服务器作为数据的交换中心进行扩展，支持主从同步，使得数据在感知模块、通信模块、处理模块以及控制模块之间能够进行快速同步，大大提高了数据存取的性能。
第二、使用者可以不需要在本地安装系统，直接利用普通电脑甚至是移动设备就可以完成其处理操作。
第三、通过模块化的系统架构设计，将系统分为四大模块，感知模块对用户的交互行为进行反馈，通信模块负责各个模块之间的通信，处理模块负责医学图像的数据的存储、分发和处理，如分割、配准、建模以及四维可视化，控制模块是处理来自感知模块的各种请求，管理用户权限，分配服务端资源，展示医学影像的处理结果；具有极强的扩展能力，不同的医学图像可视化方法可被快速的部署到本装置中。
第四、以尽可能少的网络传输数据和客户端计算资源消耗，实现了对医学图像的多平面重建、容积重建及表面重建等的四维可视化，重建出直观、准确的四维图像，并尽可能 地加快图像的显示速度，将医学图像文件转化成特定格式的预处理图像并以此实现医学图像文件的网页显示，预处理图像均为无损压缩，不损失数据。
第五、成本更低，且可以在任意时间、任意地点、任意平台接入，更加灵活，可以给医生、研究人员带来更大的便利。
附图说明
图1是根据本发明的一个优选实施例的医学图像四维可视化的装置的系统布置示意图；
图2是根据图1的医学图像四维可视化的装置的医学图像文件层次示意图；
图3是根据图1的医学图像四维可视化的装置的处理管理数据库的流程示意图；
图4是根据图1的医学图像四维可视化的装置的Redis通信方式的流程示意图；
图5是根据图1的医学图像四维可视化的方法的医学图像文件解析的流程示意图；
图6是根据图1的医学图像四维可视化的装置的逻辑子模块的处理结果示意图。
具体实施方式
以下结合具体实施例，对本发明做进一步说明。应理解，以下实施例仅用于说明本发明而非用于限制本发明的范围。
图1为本发明提供的医学图像四维可视化的装置的布置示意图，由图1可知，本发明提供的医学图像四维可视化的装置包括感知模块10、控制模块20、通信模块30以及处理模块40，其中，感知模块10包括互联单元11和若干个客户端12、13、14，控制模块20包括一中枢服务器21，中枢服务器21通过互联单元11分别与客户端12、13、14通信连接，通信模块30包括彼此相互通信连接的第一通信子模块31、第二通信子模块32以及第三通信子模块33，处理模块40包括存储子模块以及逻辑子模块42，存储子模块包括存储服务器41和缓存服务器43，第一通信子模块31、第二通信子模块32以及第三通信子模块33分别设置于中枢服务器21、逻辑子模块42以及存储服务器41之中，从而为整个装置的各个模块之间提供通信。更具体地，第一通信子模块31通过中枢服务器21与互联单元11通信连接；存储服务器41中的第三通信子模块33分别与第二通信子模块32、第一通信子模块33以及缓存服务器43通信连接；第二通信子模块32与第一通信子模块31之间通信连接；缓存服务器43分别与第一通信子模块31、第二通信子模块32以及第三通信子模块33通信连接。感知模块10对用户通过客户端12、13、14进行的交互行为进行反馈；控制模块20是整个装置的核心，通过中枢服务器21中的第一通信子模块31与存储服务器41、缓存服务器43、逻辑子模块42以及客户端连接，并控制所有服务器的运行；控制模块20处理来自感知模块10的各种请求，管理用户权限，分配服务端资源，展 示医学影像的处理结果；通信模块30负责各个模块之间的通信；存储服务器41负责数据的存储和分发，为装置的正常运行提供了重要的数据库保障；缓存服务器43为装置进行快速的数据交换和同步提供了帮助；处理模块40负责医学图像的处理如分割、配准、建模以及重建等，为复杂算法和可视化的应用提供载体。
更具体地，在图1的实施例中，控制模块20负责接收从感知模块10发送的用户请求，对用户请求进行解析，判断用户请求的合法性和请求类型，根据需要从存储子模块取得数据并向不同的客户端12、13、14进行分发或者向处理模块40转发用户请求。用户将原始的医学图像数据通过感知模块10上传至控制模块20后，控制模块20首先将上传的医学图像数据存储至存储服务器41的数据库，同时对该医学图像数据进行图像解析，医学图像数据解析完成后，控制模块20将解析结果返回至感知模块10以通知用户上传医学图像数据的状态，若上传状态正常，则进一步进行图像数据处理，图像数据处理完成之后将解析结果返回至感知模块10以标记此次上传文件可用。上传解析完成后，将通过感知模块10对上传的医学图像进行一维或多维的网页显示。由于一个医学图像数据通常有几十兆甚至达到几千兆，在传递医学图像数据时，为实现大量医学数据的快速传输，控制模块20通过第一通信子模块31与缓存服务器43进行数据交换。并且，为了实现多用户同时操作的情况，服务器需配备核心较多的处理器。因此，在硬件上，控制模块20一般采用配置至少为4核的处理器，万兆双光口网卡的物理机，以支持上述的医学数据的快速传输及多用户同时操作。
存储子模块主要实现以下功能：存储子模块中的存储服务器41负责对医学图像数据进行预处理以形成预处理图像，以及医学影像文件的存储、数据库的存储；存储子模块中的缓存服务器43为装置的数据快速交换和同步提供帮助。具体的医学影像文件类型包括：DICOM(Digital Imaging and Communications in Medicine，即医学数字成像和通信文件，是医学图像和相关信息的国际标准ISO 12052)、RawData(原始数据)文件、SPM(统计参数图)文件、NIFTI(神经影像信息学技术倡议)文件、Interfile文件、Analyze文件、便携式网络图形文件、MINC文件、BMP文件、JPEG文件等。在硬件环境上，存储服务器41使用阵列卡实现存储磁盘阵列，并对数据进行定期备份，使用数据库管理工具建立数据库并提供相应服务，数据库中需要存储以下信息：网站动态化信息、文件存储路径、系统使用记录。
处理模块40是图像可视化主要的处理平台，负责医学影像的处理，比如分割、配准、建模、重建等。处理模块40在控制模块20的管理下从缓存服务器43获取数据，另外还从感知模块10接收用户请求，解析请求并判断其合法性，并进行相应处理，将处理结果发送给控制模块20。此外，处理模块40还搭载了资源监测程序，用于监测CPU、GPU、内存、显存等资源的使用情况，并将相关数据发送到控制模块20，使得控制模块20可以 根据资源使用状况进行任务调度。在硬件上，处理模块40可根据需求采用多台高性能的物理机，其中，存储子模块可以有一台或者多台存储服务器组成，每台服务器至少配备16T的存储空间，以实现大量医学图像数据的存储需要。逻辑子模块配置至少为十二核的处理器，64G内存，显存容量6G的双显卡，万兆双光口网卡，用以满足大量的计算与数据交互需求，并且所有的物理机配置均可根据实际需求进行扩展。
缓存服务器43是高速网络通道的数据交换中心，可以作为中枢服务器21、存储服务器41和逻辑子模块42之间的高速交换通道和缓冲区。缓存服务器43是一个键值存储数据库(又称key-value内存数据库)，相比其它的基于磁盘的数据库，缓存服务器43具有非常高的数据读写速度，同时又保留了数据库的易用性，因此可以用来作为缓冲区使用。在硬件上，缓存服务器43可以与存储服务器41、逻辑子模块42集成装配于相同的物理机上，也可以单独使用其他的物理机。在图1的实施例中，缓存服务器43和存储服务器41集成于同一个物理机上。
本发明提供的医学图像四维可视化的装置基于B/S架构，以缓存服务器43为数据的交换中心，由三台服务器架设，将算法、数据、界面分离开，具有低耦合性、快部署及高维护性等优点，无需任何扩展插件就可以在浏览器(PC和移动设备)上使用。由于数据存储、执行处理分别在存储服务器41和逻辑子模块42上完成，数据需要在不同的服务器间通信，服务器间的数据通信在传输效率上有着极高的要求，在海量并发及大负载流量的情况下，除了在数据在物理介质中的传输外，文件的读写、封装都会影响通信的效率，本装置使用缓存服务器43的主从连接方式，实现数据的“同步”，而不是传统文件的“发送/接收”方式，保证了数据传输处理的效率。
针对上述系统布置，需要相应的设计数据库和通讯方法以用于支持分离式架构的运行以及进行B/S架构的医学图像处理和可视化，数据与处理完全分离可使得服务器的硬件得到充分的利用。
图2为根据图1的医学图像四维可视化的装置的医学图像文件层次示意图，由图1结合图2可知，本发明中的数据库主要包括：(1)案例数据库(Study Database，简称SD)，用于存储病人信息；(2)图像数据库(Image Database，简称ImD)，用于存储病人的图像信息；(3)处理管理数据库(Processing Manage Database，简称PMD)，用于存储处理过程的管理信息。这三种数据库设置于存储服务器41内，使整个装置具备数据挖掘以及回溯分析的能力。在本发明中，感知模块10通过控制模块20以及通信模块30向处理模块40发送的对象为医学图像文件，医学图像文件包含患者(patient)、案例(study)、序列(series)、图像(image)四个层次的医学图像信息，每个层次拥有能够唯一识别层次属性的键值。控制模块20中的中枢服务器21对医学图像文件进行解析，将每个医学图像文件分解，可扩展标记语言文件作为医学图像文件的案例信息，图像像素信息、原始医学图 像数据和预处理图像共同组成医学图像文件的图像信息。案例信息与图像信息均通过第一通信子模块31以及第三通信子模块33而存储于存储服务器41中并形成案例数据库(SD)和图像数据库(ImD)。
图3为根据图1的医学图像四维可视化的装置的处理管理数据库的流程示意图，由图2结合图3可知，处理管理数据库(PMD)也形成于存储服务器41中，处理管理数据库分别与感知模块10以及案例数据库(SD)通信连接，用户通过感知模块10向控制模块20发送请求，控制模块20通过通信模块30向处理模块40发送不同用户请求时，处理模块40会将案例数据库中对于每一个案例每一次的处理过程都记录下来，并发送至处理管理数据库进行保存，用户也可以通过发送用户请求获取不同的处理结果记录。处理管理数据库使系统具备数据挖掘和回溯分析能力，且使得系统可以不再局限于一些简单的调窗、增强等单一操作，而是可以结合多种图像处理方法，进行更为复杂的图像处理操作。处理管理数据库中记录的处理过程信息包括：处理的操作者，被处理的序列/图像，处理时间，处理方法，处理参数以及处理结果，其中，每一种处理过程信息在装置中都有唯一的“类型”值和对应的参数字符串，处理管理数据库将处理得到的结果文件进行储存，并记录结果文件地址。
用户在使用系统时，数据不仅需要从处理模块40向感知模块10传输，而且在不同模块内部也需要数据的传输。由于控制模块20和处理模块40的存储子模块以及逻辑子模块42在物理上是分离的，因此本装置根据不同模块与感知模块10之间的通信内容、通信环境的不同，使用了AJAX(Asynchronous Javascript and XML，即异步JavaScript和XML)、WebSocket(一种网络协议，2011年被IETF定为标准RFC6455)和Redis(一种key-value存储系统)三种通信方式完成数据交换，其中，利用缓存服务器43进行快速数据同步，实现数据的高效传输，能够快速的响应感知模块10的处理需求。
对于AJAX通信方式，其可以实现处理模块40和感知模块10的轮询通信，即每间隔一定的时间，感知模块10就向处理模块40发送AJAX请求，处理模块40收到AJAX请求后，向感知模块10返回响应数据，随即关闭连接。感知模块10收到响应数据后，客户端12、13、14中的Javascript会处理响应数据，并更新在客户端的页面文件中。本发明使用这种通信方式在感知模块10和处理模块40之间传输二维医学影像，具有较高的稳定性和兼容性，并尽可能降低了图像传输时对处理模块带宽和时间的消耗。AJAX通信方式可以实现感知模块10和处理模块40之间的数据传输，当数据交换非常频繁，如医学图像处理中对三维数据的实时重建时，需要处理模块40实时、主动地向感知模块10发送处理得到的结果，AJAX通信模式并不能满足要求。因此，进一步地，本发明采用WebSocket通信方式，WebSocket是基于TCP的一种新的网络协议，可以实现浏览器和服务器全双工(full-duplex)通信，即允许处理模块40主动发送信息给感知模块10。此外，WebSocket 定义了一系列接口，可实现模块间的推送功能，其能够大大降低实时数据传输过程中对网络带宽等的消耗，提高系统的性能。
WebSocket通信方式在连线过程中，通过感知模块10发出WebSocket连线请求，处理模块40接受到请求消息后发出回应，此过程即完成两者之间的一次握手(handshaking)，在两者之间建立一条信息通道，使得数据信息可以随时传输，而不需要多次建立连接，等待响应。与AJAX通信方式相比，在消息推送方面，处理模块40不再被动的接收感知模块10的请求消息后才返回数据，而是在有新的请求消息数据时就会主动推送给处理模块40。本发明在对医学影像的一些实时处理中，处理模块40需要以较高的帧率不断渲染处理结果，这些数据会采用WebSocket通信方式连续不断地发送给感知模块10，而不是由感知模块10不断地发送请求。在实时的大量数据传输方面，WebSocket通信方式能够大大降低对网络带宽的消耗，具有性能上的优势。
图4为根据图1的医学图像四维可视化的装置的Redis通信方式的流程示意图，由图4可知，处理模块40和存储服务器41之间通过主从连接进行数据的同步，处理模块40作为主机(Master)，存储服务器41作为从机(Slave)，主机的一段内存通过光纤直接复制到从机的内存中，而不需要中间的文件解析、硬盘读写等过程。(1)主从间通过“请求缓存同步连接”状态建立连接后，从机将主动向主机发送一个SYNC(即缓存同步连接)命令；(2)主机处理模块40接收到SYNC命令后，开始调用BGSAVE指令(用于在后台异步保存当前数据库的数据到磁盘)将主机的数据写入一个数据库文件(rdb文件)中，并使用缓存服务器43缓存此后执行的所有用于修改数据集修改指令；(3)主机处理模块40执行完BGSAVE命令后，向从机存储服务器41发送快照文件，并在发送期间继续执行数据集修改指令；(4)从机存储服务器41收到快照文件后丢弃之前所有的旧数据，并载入收到的快照；(5)主机处理模块40发送完快照后开始向从机存储服务器41以Redis协议的格式发送缓冲区的数据集修改指令；(6)从机存储服务器41完成对快照的载入后，开始接收命令请求，并执行来自主机缓冲区的数据集修改指令。此后，主机继续将所有已经收集到的数据修改指令，和新的数据修改指令依次传送给从机，从机将再次执行这些数据修改指令，从而达到最终的数据同步。Redis通信方式对数据的操作速度极快，每秒能执行读操作约11万条数据，写操作约8万条数据，且支持String、Lists、Hashes等丰富的数据类型操作。处理过程的结果均保存于处理模块40的内存上，通过缓存服务器43的数据同步，能够迅速地在存储服务器41上保存，在需要的情况下，能够通过控制模块20再进一步发送给用户。这种通信方式能够避免服务器端的图像处理结果在硬盘上频繁地读/写，实现内存间的快速数据交换与同步。
图5为根据图1的医学图像四维可视化的方法的医学图像文件解析的流程示意图，由图5可知，本发明在使用时，用户可以根据需要选择不同的客户端上传医学图像文件至中 枢服务器21，中枢服务器21对医学图像文件进行解析，并将医学图像文件和解析结果转移到存储服务器41。处理结束后，用户可以在客户端所提供的数据列表页面中查看相关的医学图像文件信息及预览图。对于四维医学图像，需要首先解析医学图像中的时间信息，并将时间信息存入存储服务器41中的图像数据库(ImD)中，然后由存储服务器41对于不同时间点的图像进行预处理，提供带有时间信息的横断面、冠状面和矢状面三个方向上的截面断层图像。然后，由处理模块根据时间信息及截面断层图像信息并通过控制模块20为客户端提供动态的三维医学图像可视化功能。对于三维医学图像，医学图像文件的上传及解析完成后，存储服务器41将对医学图像文件进行预处理，提供横断面、冠状面和矢状面三个方向上的截面断层图像，处理模块根据截面断层图像并通过控制模块20为客户端提供医学图像的显示功能。具体地，如图5所示，医学图像文件上传完成后，存储服务器将医学图像文件中的三维数据分别以相互垂直的X、Y、Z三个方向制作截面断层图像，并保存在存储服务器41的硬盘中，这就是预处理图像。预处理图像有四种格式：(1)如果医学图像文件图像是X、Y方向上的二维数据，则只会按照Z轴顺序，保存为一组无损预处理图像；如果是三维数据，则分别按照X、Y、Z三个不同的方向，存为三组数据无损预处理图像；如果是四维图像数据，则分别按照记录的T时间值，记录时间点信息，然后对每个时间点T，对X、Y、Z三个不同方向存为“T×3”组无损预处理图像。(2)如果医学图像文件图像数据是8位深度图像，直接将图像存储为8位无损预处理图像，其最高支持256索引色通道；(3)如果医学图像文件图像数据是16位、24位或32位深度图像，将医学图像图像数据按照占位大小端顺序，从高位到低位依次放入预处理图像的RGBA(red、green、blue、alpha)通道，支持约1600万色通道。处理过程结束后用户可通过客户端查看医学图像文件图像。本发明使用预处理图像的优点是基本不占用服务器CPU性能、图像传输的延迟时间低，而且适应性强，浏览器支持情况好，本发明的预处理图像作为常用的图像格式之一，被所有常用的浏览器所支持。
本发明在进行医学图像四维可视化时，用户通过客户端12、13、14的网页服务器(WebServer)向处理模块40发送四维可视化请求，处理模块40的逻辑子模块42包括三个子模块：(1)渲染核心子模块，是核心处理模块，负责计算每一帧重建结果；(2)网络通信子模块，负责与客户端之间的通信、消息解析以及与缓存服务器43之间的数据库操作，以及向逻辑管理子模块42发出交互请求消息；(3)逻辑管理子模块，负责响应来自客户端的交互事件，对来自网络通信子模块的交互请求消息进行分类和排序，对错误的或重复的交互请求消息进行抛弃，以降低渲染核心子模块的计算负担。本发明的逻辑子模块42可实现容积重建(Volume Rendering，VR)、表面重建(Surface Reconstruction，SR)、最大密度投影(Maximal Intensity Projection，MIP)以及多平面重建(Multi-Planner Reformation，MPR)等操作，从而进一步动态生成具有时间要素的三维图像组，即实现 医学图像的四维可视化处理。图6为采用本发明提供的医学图像四维可视化的装置采用逻辑子模块42进行处理后的三维医学图像，由图6可知，采用本发明获得的三维医学图像处理快速，显示清晰。
本发明提供的医学图像四维可视化的方法及装置，具有以下优点：
第一、以缓存服务器作为数据的交换中心进行扩展，支持主从同步，使得数据在感知模块、通信模块、处理模块以及控制模块之间能够进行快速同步，大大提高了数据存取的性能。
第二、使用者可以不需要在本地安装系统，直接利用普通电脑甚至是移动设备就可以完成其处理操作。
第三、通过模块化的系统架构设计，将系统分为四大模块，感知模块对用户的交互行为进行反馈，通信模块负责整个装置各个模块之间的通信，处理模块负责医学图像数据的存储、分发和处理，比如分割、配准、建模以及重建，控制模块是处理来自感知模块的各种请求，管理用户权限，分配服务端资源，展示医学影像的处理结果；具有极强的扩展能力，不同的医学图像可视化方法可被快速的部署到本装置中。
第四、以尽可能少的网络传输数据和客户端计算资源消耗，实现了对医学图像的容积重建、表面重建及多平面重建等的四维可视化，直观、准确、动态地重建出三维立体图像，并尽可能地加快图像的显示速度，将医学图像文件转化成预处理图像并以此实现医学图像的网页显示，预处理图像均为无损压缩，不损失数据。
第五、成本更低，且可以在任意时间、任意地点、任意平台接入，更加灵活，可以给医生、研究人员带来更大的便利。
以上所述的，仅为本发明的较佳实施例，并非用以限定本发明的范围，本发明的上述实施例还可以做出各种变化。即凡是依据本发明申请的权利要求书及说明书内容所作的简单、等效变化与修饰，皆落入本发明专利的权利要求保护范围。本发明未详尽描述的均为常规技术内容。

Claims (25)

  1. 一种医学图像四维可视化的方法，其特征在于，所述方法包括以下步骤：
    步骤S1：用户通过若干个客户端将医学图像数据上传至一控制模块；
    步骤S2：通过所述控制模块解析所述医学图像数据并将解析结果反馈至所述客户端，同时将所述医学图像数据以及所述解析结果转移至一存储服务器；
    步骤S3：利用所述存储服务器对所述医学图像数据进行预处理并将形成的预处理图像发送至处理模块；
    步骤S4：所述处理模块根据所述预处理图像进行动态的三维图像处理，并在所述客户端提供医学图像的三维动态显示。
  2. 根据权利要求1所述的医学图像四维可视化的方法，其特征在于，在所述步骤S1中，所述客户端以压缩的数据及消息的形式向所述控制模块传递所述医学图像数据。
  3. 根据权利要求1所述的医学图像四维可视化的方法，其特征在于，在所述步骤S1中，所述客户端通过一互联单元向所述控制模块发送用户请求，所述控制模块接收所述用户请求并向所述客户端反馈所述解析结果，所述控制模块同时向所述存储服务器以及所述处理模块分配不同的所述用户请求。
  4. 根据权利要求1所述的医学图像四维可视化的方法，其特征在于，在所述步骤S1中，所述医学图像数据的类型包括：医学数字成像和通信文件、原始数据文件、统计参数图文件、神经影像信息学技术倡议文件、Interfile文件、Analyze文件、便携式网络图形文件、MINC文件、BMP文件、JPEG文件。
  5. 根据权利要求1所述的医学图像四维可视化的方法，其特征在于，在所述步骤S2中，所述控制模块通过一中枢服务器解析所述医学图像数据并与所述客户端进行数据交互，所述中枢服务器通过一通信模块向所述存储服务器转移所述医学图像数据以及所述解析结果。
  6. 根据权利要求5所述的医学图像四维可视化的方法，其特征在于，所述通信模块包括彼此相互通信的第一通信子模块、第二通信子模块以及第三通信子模块，所述第一通信子模块通过所述中枢服务器与所述互联单元通信，所述存储服务器通过所述第三通信子模块与所述第一通信子模块通信，所述处理模块通过所述第二通信子模块与所述中枢服务器以及所述存储服务器通信。
  7. 根据权利要求1所述的医学图像四维可视化的方法，其特征在于，在所述步骤S3中，所述预处理的具体方法为：所述处理模块将所述医学图像数据中的三维数据分别以相互垂直的X、Y、Z三个方向制作截面断层图像，并将所述截面断层图像保存至所述存储服务 器。
  8. 根据权利要求1所述的医学图像四维可视化的方法，其特征在于，在所述步骤S4中，所述处理模块通过一渲染核心子模块计算每一帧重建结果，通过一网络通信子模块负责与所述客户端之间的通信、消息解析以及与所述缓存服务器之间的数据库操作，通过一逻辑管理子模块响应来自客户端的交互事件，对来自所述网络通信子模块的交互请求消息进行分类和排序，对错误的或重复的交互请求消息进行抛弃。
  9. 根据权利要求1所述的医学图像四维可视化的方法，其特征在于，在所述步骤S4中，所述处理模块进行动态的三维图像处理后以压缩的数据及消息的形式将处理结果传递至所述客户端以进行医学图像的动态显示。
  10. 一种医学图像四维可视化的装置，其特征在于，所述装置包括：
    感知模块，所述感知模块包括互联单元以及与所述互联单元通信连接的若干个客户端；
    控制模块，所述控制模块通过所述互联单元与所述客户端通信连接以处理来自所述客户端的各种用户请求；
    通信模块，所述通信模块包括彼此相互通信连接的第一通信子模块、第二通信子模块以及第三通信子模块，所述第一通信子模块通过所述控制模块与所述互联单元通信连接；以及
    处理模块，所述处理模块包括存储子模块以及逻辑子模块，所述存储子模块包括存储服务器和缓存服务器，所述存储服务器通过所述第三通信子模块与所述缓存服务器通信连接；所述缓存服务器分别与所述第一通信子模块、第二通信子模块以及第三通信子模块通信连接，所述逻辑子模块通过所述第二通信子模块与所述存储服务器以及所述控制模块通信连接。
  11. 根据权利要求10所述的医学图像四维可视化的装置，其特征在于，所述控制模块包括相互通信连接且分别处理不同用户请求的多个控制单元。
  12. 根据权利要求11所述的医学图像四维可视化的装置，其特征在于，其中一个所述控制单元为中枢服务器，所述中枢服务器通过所述互联单元与所述客户端通信连接。
  13. 根据权利要求12所述的医学图像四维可视化的装置，其特征在于，所述第一通信子模块、所述第二通信子模块以及所述第三通信子模块分别设置于所述中枢服务器、所述逻辑子模块以及所述存储服务器中。
  14. 根据权利要求12所述的医学图像四维可视化的装置，其特征在于，所述控制模块的所述中枢服务器接收和解析所述客户端上传的医学影像文件并将所述医学影像文件与解析结果移存至所述存储服务器。
  15. 根据权利要求14所述的医学图像四维可视化的装置，其特征在于，所述医学影像 文件的类型包括：医学数字成像和通信文件、原始数据文件、统计参数图文件、神经影像信息学技术倡议文件、InterFile文件、Analyze文件、便携式网络图形文件、MINC文件、BMP文件、JPEG文件。
  16. 根据权利要求14所述的医学图像四维可视化的装置，其特征在于，所述逻辑子模块根据所述用户请求对所述医学影像文件进行分割、配准、建模、重建处理。
  17. 根据权利要求16所述的医学图像四维可视化的装置，其特征在于，所述存储子模块根据所述医学影像文件提取截面断层图像，并将所述截面断层图像存储于所述存储服务器中。
  18. 根据权利要求17所述的医学图像四维可视化的装置，其特征在于，所述逻辑子模块包括相互通信连接的渲染核心子模块、网络通信子模块以及逻辑管理子模块，其中，所述渲染核心子模块对所述医学影像文件的每一帧进行重建计算，所述网络通信子模块向所述客户端反馈信息并向所述逻辑管理子模块发送交互请求消息，所述逻辑管理子模块对所述交互请求消息分类、排序，剔除无用的或者重复的所述交互请求消息。
  19. 根据权利要求10所述的医学图像四维可视化的装置，其特征在于，所述控制模块、所述通信模块与所述处理模块均架构在同一服务端上，所述客户端与所述服务端彼此独立，所述客户端与所述服务端通过所述控制模块以及所述通信模块进行连接。
  20. 根据权利要求19所述的医学图像四维可视化的装置，其特征在于，所述客户端与所述服务端之间以压缩的数据及消息的形式传递医学图像数据。
  21. 根据权利要求10所述的医学图像四维可视化的装置，其特征在于，所述客户端通过所述互联单元向所述控制模块发送用户请求，所述控制模块接收所述用户请求并向所述客户端反馈数据，所述控制模块同时向所述存储服务器、所述缓存服务器以及所述逻辑子模块分配不同的所述用户请求。
  22. 根据权利要求10所述的医学图像四维可视化的装置，其特征在于，所述客户端包括手机、平板电脑以及台式计算机。
  23. 根据权利要求10所述的医学图像四维可视化的装置，其特征在于，所述处理模块中的所述存储子模块和所述逻辑子模块通过采用数台服务器通信连接构成，所述存储子模块与所述逻辑子模块架构在不同所述服务器上且相互之间独立运行。
  24. 根据权利要求23所述的医学图像四维可视化的装置，其特征在于，所述处理模块上设置有资源监测子模块，所述资源监测子模块与所述感知模块中的所述互联单元通信连接。
  25. 根据权利要求10所述的医学图像四维可视化的装置，其特征在于，所述缓存服务器为键值存储数据库。
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