WO2020056851A1

WO2020056851A1 - Charge-discharge drive and protection system for lithium battery

Info

Publication number: WO2020056851A1
Application number: PCT/CN2018/112749
Authority: WO
Inventors: 倪祖根
Original assignee: 莱克电气股份有限公司
Priority date: 2018-09-19
Filing date: 2018-10-30
Publication date: 2020-03-26
Also published as: CN109347154B; CN109347154A

Abstract

Disclosed is a charge-discharge drive and protection system for a lithium battery comprising a chip integrating a power supply module, a programmed control module and a battery charge/discharge management module. The programmed control module is connected to a charge/discharge current detection module, a short-circuit detection module, a battery temperature monitoring module, a charge/discharge drive module and a plurality of external ports. The battery charge/discharge management module is integrated with a voltage detection module and a balancing module used to balance the amount of charge in individual battery cells. The charge-discharge drive and protection system for a lithium battery provided in an embodiment of the present invention is an integrated circuit chip system having a simple peripheral circuit, a good protection function, low power consumption, improved reliability, enhanced functionality, a programmable control function, enhanced privacy and reduced costs.

Description

Lithium battery charge and discharge drive protection system

Technical field

The present invention relates to the technical field of charging protection, and more particularly, the present invention relates to a charging and discharging driving protection system for a lithium battery.

Background technique

With the continuous development of vacuum cleaner appliances and garden tools, users' recognition of wireless products is getting higher and higher, so portable products have been derived. Among them, lithium battery products with their small size, high energy density, long cycle life, fast charge and discharge, long storage life, no memory effect, environmental protection and low self-discharge rate, and other excellent characteristics, is the future trend of battery development. In recent years, more and more portable products use lithium batteries as the main power source, such as vacuum cleaners and garden tools.

Due to the chemical characteristics of lithium batteries, when the battery is over-discharged, the electrolyte characteristics are deteriorated due to the decomposition of the battery, and over-charging will shorten the battery life, severely damage the battery performance, and even explode. Because of this, in order to ensure the performance, life, and safety of lithium batteries, all lithium batteries need a protection circuit to achieve a series of protection functions such as overcharge, overdischarge, and overcurrent.

The basic functions of the lithium battery protection control circuit include overvoltage charge protection, overvoltage discharge protection, discharge overcurrent protection, and short circuit protection. In addition, after a long period of normal charging and discharging of a lithium battery, the voltages between the individual cells may be inconsistent. It is necessary to use a cell balancing technology to perform a balanced operation on the single cells in the battery.

At present, the commonly used lithium battery protection circuits are generally protected by the lithium battery protection integrated circuit chip AFE / DFE, the main control MCU and its driving circuit, power supply circuit, power status display circuit, switch button detection circuit, charging MOS and driving circuit, and discharging MOS and The driving circuit is configured. The lithium battery protection integrated circuit chip AFE / DFE monitors the battery voltage and communicates with the main control MCU; the main control MCU controls the on-off speed regulation of the charge and discharge MOS through the MOS drive circuit according to the current charge and discharge status and battery voltage.

For example, the Chinese patent application number is 201711158460.7, and the name of the invention is a lithium battery protection and control ASIC chip system. This chip system has low integration, limited functions, and does not have programmable capabilities. Therefore, the present invention is the basis of the prior patent application. Improvements.

Summary of the Invention

In view of the shortcomings in the above technology, the present invention provides a lithium battery charge and discharge drive protection system, which is a lithium battery power supply system with simple peripheral circuits, complete protection functions, low power consumption, improved reliability, Integrated circuit chip system with enhanced functions, programmable control, enhanced confidentiality, and reduced cost.

In order to achieve these objects and other advantages according to the present invention, the present invention is achieved by the following technical solutions:

The invention provides a lithium battery charge and discharge drive protection system, which includes a chip synthesized by a power module, a program control module and a battery charge and discharge management module. The program control module is connected to a charge and discharge current detection module, a short circuit detection module, and a battery temperature monitoring module. A charge-discharge drive module and a number of external interfaces; the battery charge-discharge management module integrates a voltage detection module and an equalization module for equalizing the storage capacity of each single cell.

Preferably, a software interface is provided on the chip to provide programmable download control.

Preferably, the input end of the power supply module is connected to a lithium battery, and the output end of the power supply module is connected to a program control module, a battery charge and discharge management module, and a peripheral circuit module of the chip through an LDO output module. The peripheral circuit module is connected to On the external interface.

Preferably, the chip provides a control signal of the charge and discharge drive module, and the charge and discharge drive module controls the charge and discharge process of the lithium battery;

The charge-discharge drive module includes multiple charge MOS tube drive modules and multiple discharge MOS tube drive modules. The charge-discharge drive module includes a P-type MOS tube drive module and an N-type MOS tube drive module. The charge-discharge drive module Charge-discharge mode with PWM adjustment;

The charging MOS tube driving module provides charge management for the lithium battery, and the discharging MOS tube driving module provides discharge management for the lithium battery.

Preferably, the external interface is connected with a general-purpose I / O module, a switch button for controlling a switch position and a charge-discharge display module, a communication module for communicating with an external module, and a power display module.

Preferably, the power display module is configured to display the power of the battery cell; the power display mode is a plurality of LED lights divided power display or percentage digital power display.

Preferably, the voltage detection module and the equalization module are respectively connected to each of the battery cells, and the output end of the voltage detection module and the control end of the equalization module are respectively connected to the program control module.

Preferably, the battery power detection module, short circuit detection module, current detection module, and battery temperature monitoring module are integrated inside the battery charge and discharge management module, the battery power detection module, short circuit detection module, current detection module, and battery temperature An input terminal of the monitoring module is connected to the lithium battery, and output terminals of the battery power detection module, short circuit detection module, current detection module, and battery temperature monitoring module are connected to the program control module.

Preferably, the battery power detection module, short circuit detection module, current detection module, and battery temperature monitoring module are provided as independent modules outside the battery charge and discharge management module, and the battery power detection module, short circuit detection module, and current detection module The input terminal of the battery temperature monitoring module is connected to the lithium battery, and the output terminals of the battery power detection module, short circuit detection module, current detection module, and battery temperature monitoring module are connected to the program control module.

The present invention includes at least the following beneficial effects:

The lithium battery charge-discharge drive protection system provided by the present invention includes single-cell overcharge protection, single-cell over-discharge protection, charging over-current protection, discharge over-current protection, short-circuit protection, battery temperature monitoring module, communication module, switch buttons, and charging The functions of discharge display module, power display module, PWM output module, LDO output module, multi-channel charge and discharge MOS tube driver module and equalization circuit module are simple peripheral circuits, complete protection functions, low power consumption, improved reliability, Integrated circuit chip system with enhanced functions, programmable control, enhanced confidentiality, and reduced cost. Especially suitable for vacuum cleaner appliances / garden tools and other products for rechargeable lithium batteries and low power consumption requirements.

Other advantages, objectives, and features of the present invention will be partially realized through the following description, and part of them will be understood by those skilled in the art through research and practice of the present invention.

BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

1 is a chip architecture diagram of a lithium battery charge-discharge drive protection system according to the present invention;

2 is a block diagram of a protection system of the present invention;

3 is a schematic diagram of an application of the protection system of the present invention in an embodiment;

In the picture: 100, lithium battery; 200, battery charge and discharge management module (AFE / DFE); 210, single-cell voltage detection module; 220, equalization module; 230, battery power detection module; 240, battery temperature monitoring module; 250, Charge and discharge current detection module; 260, short-circuit detection module; 300, program control module (MCU); 310, external interface; 400, power supply module; 410, LDO output; 500, peripheral circuit; 510, charge MOS tube drive module; 520, Discharge MOS tube drive module; 530, power display module; 540, general-purpose I / O module; 550, switch button and charge and discharge display module; 560, communication module; 600, human-computer interaction interface.

detailed description

The present invention is further described in detail below with reference to the accompanying drawings, so that those skilled in the art can implement the present invention with reference to the description text.

It should be understood that terms such as "having," "including," and "including" as used herein do not exclude the presence or addition of one or more other elements or combinations thereof.

The lithium battery charge and discharge drive protection system of the present invention includes a program control module (MCU) 300, a battery charge and discharge management module (AFE / DFE) 200, and a power supply module 400. The power supply module 400 is used to provide stable power and is a program control module (MCU). 300. The battery charge and discharge management module (AFE / DFE) 200 provides power.

As shown in FIG. 1, the chip architecture of the protection system is a chip main architecture composed of a battery charge and discharge management module (AFE / DFE) 200 and a program control module (MCU) 300.

As shown in Figure 1-3, the program control module (MCU) 300 is communicatively connected with multiple charging MOS tube driving modules 510, general-purpose I / O modules 540, multiple discharging MOS tube driving modules 520, battery power detection modules 230, and The switch buttons and charge / discharge display module 550 for controlling switches and gears, and charge / discharge display, a communication module 560 for communication, and a charge / discharge current detection module 250 for overcurrent protection.

The lithium battery charge and discharge drive protection system may be a further preferred embodiment. The battery charge and discharge management module (AFE / DFE) 200 integrates a battery voltage detection module 210 and a balance for balancing the power of each single cell. Module 220.

One end of the single-cell voltage detection module 210 is connected to the positive electrode of the single-cell battery, and is used to read the single-cell voltage. At the same time, the single-cell voltage detection module 210 is used to detect the limit value of the voltage during the charging and discharging of the single-cell battery.

An input terminal of the battery power detection module 230 is connected to the lithium battery 100, and an output terminal of the battery power detection module 230 is connected to a program control module (MCU) 300.

The equalization module 220 is connected to each of the battery cells, and an output end of the equalization module 220 is connected to a program control module (MCU) 300, which is used to control the battery cell power balance current.

As a further advantage of the foregoing embodiment, the chip provides a control signal of the charge and discharge drive module, and the charge and discharge drive module controls a charge and discharge process of the lithium battery; the lithium battery charge and discharge drive protection system further includes a power display module 530. The input terminal of the power display module 530 is connected to a program control module (MCU) 300; the program control module (MCU) 300 controls the display of the power display module 530. Battery display mode is multi-LED battery power display or percentage digital power display.

As a further advantage of the foregoing embodiment, the charge-discharge driving module includes a multi-channel charging MOS tube driving module 510 and a multi-channel discharging MOS tube driving module 520. The charging MOS tube driving module 510 includes a P-type MOS tube driving module and an N-type MOS driving module. Tube driving module, which is one or more charging management modules, has a PWM-adjusted charging mode.

The discharge MOS tube driving module 520 includes a P-type MOS tube driving module and an N-type MOS tube driving module; it is one or more discharge management modules, and may have a PWM-adjusted discharge mode.

As a further advantage of the foregoing embodiment, the lithium battery charge and discharge drive protection system further includes an LDO output 410 module. The input terminal of the LDO output 410 module is connected to the power supply module 400, and is used to provide a high-precision voltage power supply. The input terminal of the power module 400 is connected to the lithium battery 100, and the output terminal of the power module 400 is connected to the program control module 300, the battery charge and discharge management module 200, and the peripheral circuit module 500 of the chip through the LDO output module 410, respectively. The module 500 is connected to the external interface 310.

As a further advantage of the foregoing embodiment, the chip is provided with a software interface that provides programmable download control. An external control program can be downloaded to the chip through the software interface, and the chip executes corresponding commands according to the downloaded external control program.

As a further preferred embodiment, the lithium battery charge / discharge drive protection system further includes a short-circuit detection module 260.

The battery power detection module 230, the short circuit detection module 260, the current detection module 250, and the battery temperature monitoring module 240 are integrated in the battery charge and discharge management module. The battery power detection module, short circuit detection module, current detection module, and battery An input terminal of the temperature monitoring module is connected to the lithium battery, and output terminals of the battery power detection module, short circuit detection module, current detection module, and battery temperature monitoring module are connected to the program control module.

When the battery power detection module 230 is integrated in the battery charge and discharge management module (AFE / DFE) 200, the battery power detection module 230 outputs the detected battery cell power data to the program control module (MCU) 300 in real time; the program control module ( MCU) 300 calculates the battery level through its internal software algorithm.

The battery temperature monitoring module 240 is integrated in the battery charge and discharge management module (AFE / DFE) 200, and the output terminal is connected to a program control module (MCU) 300 for detecting the cell temperature.

The charge and discharge current detection module 250 is integrated in the battery charge and discharge management module (AFE / DFE) 200, and the output terminal is connected to the program control module (MCU) 300 for detecting the charge and discharge current. The output terminal is connected to the program control module (MCU). 300 connected.

The short-circuit detection module 260 is integrated inside the battery charge-discharge management module (AFE / DFE) 200, and its input terminal is connected to its internal integrated charge-discharge current detection module 250, and the input terminal is connected to the program charge-discharge current detection module 250; the output terminal is connected to the program-controlled A module (MCU) 300 is connected; a protection current and a protection time of the short-circuit detection module 260 are set in the program control module (MCU) 300.

The difference from the first embodiment lies in that, as shown by the virtual circle in FIG. 2, the battery power detection module, short circuit detection module, current detection module, and battery temperature monitoring module are provided as independent modules outside the battery charge and discharge management module. The input terminals of the battery power detection module, short circuit detection module, current detection module, and battery temperature monitoring module are connected to the lithium battery. The battery power detection module, short circuit detection module, current detection module, and battery temperature monitoring module The output terminal is connected with the program control module.

As shown in FIG. 3, in combination with the foregoing embodiments, specific examples of the present invention are given below.

The lithium battery charge-discharge drive protection system is connected to several lithium battery 100 cells, and each cell has a single detection lead connected to the chip pin. The human-computer interaction interface 600 is connected to the lithium battery charge-discharge drive protection system, and includes external input and display output. For example, the switch button and the charge-discharge display module 550 are examples of key input and charge-discharge display, and the power display module 530 is LED. Display or digital output. The multi-channel charging MOS tube driving module 510 can realize the function of charging the lithium battery 100 cells through chip control. It includes one or multiple P-type MOS tube driving modules or N-type MOS tube driving modules, and it can also have a PWM-adjustable charging mode. Multi-discharge MOS tube drive module 520 includes one or more MOS drive modules, which includes one or more P-type MOS tube drive modules or N-type MOS tube drive modules, and can have a PWM-adjusted discharge mode; it can drive several Road motor, especially suitable for dual-motor vacuum cleaner appliances / garden tools.

The charge and discharge protection and control of the lithium battery 100 are mainly controlled and implemented by the lithium battery charge and discharge drive protection system.

In the charging state, the multi-channel charging MOS tube driving module 510 communicates with the program control module (MCU) 300. The program control module (MCU) 300 will detect the voltage value collected by the single-cell voltage detection module 210 in real time according to the program setting, and the program control module (MCU) ) 300 outputs the corresponding PWM duty cycle to one or more charging MOS driving circuit parts according to the current setting to control the charging mode. When the cell voltage is higher than a preset value, the P-type MOS tube driving module or the N-type MOS tube driving module is controlled to stop charging. The battery charge and discharge management module (AFE / DFE) 200 also contains hardware circuits. When a single cell is over-voltage, it will also control the circuit to stop charging.

The charge and discharge current detection module 250 can be integrated in the battery charge and discharge management module (AFE / DFE) 200, or it can be a stand-alone module. Its output is connected to a program control module (MCU) 300 for detecting the charge and discharge current; its output The terminal is connected to a program control module (MCU) 300. The charge / discharge current detection module 250 outputs the charging current in real time to the program control module (MCU) 300. The program control module (MCU) 300 will detect the current to perform charging overcurrent protection according to the program setting, and judge by judging the charge cut-off current. Protects the lithium battery 100 after charging.

In the discharging state, the multi-channel charging MOS tube driving module 510 stops outputting driving signals, and the program control module (MCU) 300 outputs a corresponding PWM duty cycle to one or more multi-channel MOS driving circuit parts according to the current gear control, and controls its speed regulation and Soft start and other states. The charge and discharge current detection module 250 outputs the discharge current to a program control module (MCU) 300. The program control module (MCU) 300 detects the discharge current value according to the program setting and performs discharge overcurrent protection according to the program setting. The protection current and protection time of the short-circuit detection circuit are set by the program and controlled by the program control module (MCU) 300. The discharge circuit has short-circuit protection. The short-circuit detection circuit is connected to the program control module (MCU) 300 and the discharge current detection module, and transmits the current discharge current to the program control module (MCU) 300 in real time. The program control module (MCU) 300 determines whether the current needs protection according to the program and closes all the channels in time. Or multiple output MOS drive section.

The battery temperature monitoring module 240 may be integrated in the battery charge and discharge management module (AFE / DFE) 200, or may be an independent module, and its output terminal is connected to a program control module (MCU) 300 for detecting the cell temperature. The battery temperature monitoring module 240 peripheral circuit 500 can be connected to temperature-sensing components such as NTC. The program control module (MCU) 300 will be set according to the program and based on the detected temperature data to determine whether it is necessary to stop charging or discharging to ensure the safety of the battery cell and the system .

The lithium battery charge and discharge drive protection system also has a battery power detection function. The battery power detection module 230 can be integrated inside the battery charge and discharge management module (AFE / DFE) 200, or it can be an independent module. Its output terminal and program control module ( MCU) 300 is connected. When integrated in the battery charge and discharge management module (AFE / DFE) 200, the battery power detection module 230 outputs the detected battery cell power data to the program control module (MCU) 300 in real time; when it is used as an independent module, the program control module (MCU) 300 is connected to the output of the battery power detection module 230. The battery power detection module 230 transmits the detected battery voltage information to a program control module (MCU) 300. The program control module (MCU) 300 calculates the battery power through its internal software algorithm. The program control module (MCU) 300 transmits the data to the power display module 530 according to the program. At the same time, it can output digital power data through the communication module 560. The human-computer interaction module can display the power, which is convenient for users to know the status of the battery core in real time.

The equalization circuit module is connected to the battery charge and discharge management module (AFE / DFE) 200 and the program control module (MCU) 300. The battery charge and discharge management module (AFE / DFE) 200 can be used to detect the charging status of the lithium battery 100 at the same time. The status of 100 lithium battery cells is output to the program control module (MCU) 300; when the highest voltage of one battery reaches the equilibrium point, the program control module (MCU) 300 controls the shunt discharge and reduces its charging speed. As the charging progresses, other batteries that have reached the equilibrium point will continue to be shunted and discharged, and the energy balance of all the batteries will be gradually realized.

The invention provides a lithium battery charge and discharge drive protection system, which includes a program control module (MCU) 300; a battery charge and discharge management module (AFE / DFE) 200; and a power module 400. Among them, the program control module (MCU) 300 is also connected to multiple charging MOS tube driving modules 510, multiple discharging MOS tube driving modules 520, general-purpose I / O modules 540, battery temperature monitoring modules 240, and used to control switch gears and displays. Status switch button and charge and discharge display module 550, communication module 560 for communication, current detection module for detecting charge and discharge current, battery power detection module 230 and power display module 530; battery charge and discharge management module (AFE / DFE 200), which includes a battery voltage detection module 210, a battery power detection module 230, an equalization module 220 for equalizing the power of each single cell, a current detection module for detecting charge and discharge current, and a battery temperature monitoring module 240; a power module 400, which is connected to each module to provide stable power.

From the above, the lithium battery charge and discharge drive protection system provided in the examples of the present application is a simple peripheral circuit, complete protection functions, low power consumption, improved reliability, enhanced functions, programmable control, enhanced confidentiality, and cost. Reduced integrated circuit chip system. Especially suitable for vacuum cleaner appliances / garden tools and other products for rechargeable lithium batteries and low power consumption requirements.

Although the embodiments of the present invention have been disclosed as above, they are not limited to the applications listed in the description and the embodiments. It can be applied to various fields suitable for the present invention. Additional modifications can be easily implemented by those skilled in the art. Therefore, the invention is not limited to the specific details and the illustrations shown and described herein without departing from the general concepts defined by the claims and the scope of equivalents.

Claims

A lithium battery charge-discharge drive protection system is characterized in that it includes a chip composed of a power module, a program-controlled module, and a battery charge-discharge management module. The program-controlled module is connected to a charge-discharge current detection module, a short-circuit detection module, and battery temperature monitoring A module, a charge-discharge drive module, and several external interfaces. The battery charge-discharge management module integrates a voltage detection module and an equalization module for equalizing the storage capacity of each single cell.
The charging and discharging drive protection system for a lithium battery according to claim 1, wherein a software interface is provided on the chip to provide programmable download control.
The charging and discharging driving protection system for a lithium battery according to claim 1, wherein the input terminal of the power module is connected to a lithium battery, and the output terminal of the power module is connected to a program control module and a battery charge and discharge management through an LDO output module, respectively. The module and the peripheral circuit module of the chip are connected, and the peripheral circuit module is connected to the external interface.
The charging and discharging driving protection system for a lithium battery according to claim 3, wherein the chip provides a control signal of the charging and discharging driving module, and the charging and discharging driving module controls the charging and discharging process of the lithium battery;

The charge-discharge drive module includes multiple charge MOS tube drive modules and multiple discharge MOS tube drive modules. The charge-discharge drive module includes a P-type MOS tube drive module and an N-type MOS tube drive module. The charge-discharge drive module Charge-discharge mode with PWM adjustment;

The charging MOS tube driving module provides charge management for the lithium battery, and the discharging MOS tube driving module provides discharge management for the lithium battery.
The charging and discharging drive protection system for a lithium battery according to claim 3, wherein the external interface is connected with a general-purpose I / O module, a switch button for controlling a switch position, and a charge-discharge display module, and are used for communication with Communication module for external module communication and power display module.
The charging and discharging drive protection system for a lithium battery according to claim 5, wherein the electric quantity display module is used to display the electric quantity of the battery cell; the electric quantity display mode is a plurality of LED lights divided electric quantity display or percentage digital electric quantity display.
The charging and discharging drive protection system for a lithium battery according to claim 1, wherein the voltage detection module and the equalization module are respectively connected to each of the battery cells, the output terminal of the voltage detection module and the control terminal of the equalization module. Respectively connected with the program control module.
The charging and discharging driving protection system for a lithium battery according to claim 1, wherein the battery power detection module, short circuit detection module, current detection module, and battery temperature monitoring module are integrated in the battery charge and discharge management module, so that The input terminals of the battery power detection module, short circuit detection module, current detection module, and battery temperature monitoring module are connected to the lithium battery, and the battery power detection module, short circuit detection module, current detection module, and output terminals of the battery temperature monitoring module are connected. Connected with the program control module.
The charging and discharging driving protection system for a lithium battery according to claim 1, wherein the battery power detection module, short circuit detection module, current detection module, and battery temperature monitoring module are provided as independent modules in the battery charge and discharge management module. Externally, the input terminals of the battery power detection module, short circuit detection module, current detection module, and battery temperature monitoring module are connected to the lithium battery, and the battery power detection module, short circuit detection module, current detection module, and battery temperature monitoring module The output terminal is connected to the program control module.