WO2020056566A1 - 一种快照式全场白光干涉显微测量方法及其装置 - Google Patents

一种快照式全场白光干涉显微测量方法及其装置 Download PDF

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WO2020056566A1
WO2020056566A1 PCT/CN2018/106062 CN2018106062W WO2020056566A1 WO 2020056566 A1 WO2020056566 A1 WO 2020056566A1 CN 2018106062 W CN2018106062 W CN 2018106062W WO 2020056566 A1 WO2020056566 A1 WO 2020056566A1
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Prior art keywords
snapshot
type
spectrum
light
interference
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PCT/CN2018/106062
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English (en)
French (fr)
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马锁冬
王钦华
曾春梅
许峰
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苏州大学张家港工业技术研究院
苏州大学
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Priority to PCT/CN2018/106062 priority Critical patent/WO2020056566A1/zh
Publication of WO2020056566A1 publication Critical patent/WO2020056566A1/zh

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    • GPHYSICS
    • G01MEASURING; TESTING
    • G01BMEASURING LENGTH, THICKNESS OR SIMILAR LINEAR DIMENSIONS; MEASURING ANGLES; MEASURING AREAS; MEASURING IRREGULARITIES OF SURFACES OR CONTOURS
    • G01B11/00Measuring arrangements characterised by the use of optical techniques
    • G01B11/24Measuring arrangements characterised by the use of optical techniques for measuring contours or curvatures
    • G01B11/25Measuring arrangements characterised by the use of optical techniques for measuring contours or curvatures by projecting a pattern, e.g. one or more lines, moiré fringes on the object

Definitions

  • the present invention relates to a measurement technology of microstructure topography, in particular to a snapshot-type full-field white light interference microscopy measurement method and device, and belongs to the field of advanced manufacturing and detection technology.
  • MEMS micro-electromechanical systems
  • DOE diffractive optical element
  • the complex microstructures on the surface of these components are closely related to the intrinsic characteristics of the components such as residual stress, service life, and damage threshold.
  • the ultra-precision inspection of its microstructure can provide guidance and help for the pre-evaluation and control of the related performance of the component. Therefore, the research on related detection systems and technologies has been paid more and more attention.
  • the optical interference microscopy method has become a powerful micro-morphology precise detection tool due to its advantages of full-field non-contact and high accuracy.
  • Traditional solutions usually use a laser with better monochromaticity as the light source, and combined with phase-shifting interferometry, the axial profile measurement accuracy can reach sub-nanometer order.
  • the use of single-wavelength lasers has limited its application to the detection of three-dimensional topography of components with complex microstructures (such as steps) on the surface.
  • the vertical scanning white-light interference microscopy with a unique zero path difference position can effectively overcome the above problems, its detection requires the use of a high-precision micro-displacer (such as Piezoelectric transducer, PZT) in the axial direction. Fine scan implementation. As a result, the entire measurement process is long, and it is easily affected by external air flow disturbances and vibrations. It is only suitable for static object detection, and the system structure is more complicated and the detection cost is higher.
  • a high-precision micro-displacer such as Piezoelectric transducer, PZT
  • CCSI color confocal spectral interferometer
  • the present invention addresses the shortcomings of the prior art, and provides a non-contact, full-field, non-contact, micro-structure Method and device for fast (dynamic or even transient) high-precision measurement.
  • the technical solution adopted by the present invention is to provide a snapshot-type full-field white light interference micro-measuring device, which includes a broad-spectrum light source, a collimated expanded beam homogenizing lens, a beam splitter, and a shaft.
  • the measured element is placed on a stage, and the respective positions of the measured element and the wide-spectrum light source satisfy the object image conjugate relationship at the center wavelength of the spectral range used for the measurement; a collimated beam expander and beam splitter, and a beam splitter
  • a common optical path structure exists between the axial dispersion-type interference microscope objective lens, the imaging coupling lens, and the snapshot-type spectral imaging detector;
  • each element in the measurement device is: a broad-spectrum light source is located at the front focal plane position of the collimated beam-expanding beam uniformity lens, and the complex-color light emitted by the broad-spectrum light source is uniformly incident by the collimated beam-expanding beam uniform lens To the surface of the beam splitter; the beam splitter reflects parallel and uniform polychromatic light into the axial dispersion type interference microscope objective lens, and outputs one channel of measurement light that is axially dispersed and focused to different depth positions, and one channel that is not axial Dispersive, multi-color reference light; Axial dispersion measurement light is reflected back by the measured element, mixed with the multi-color reference light through the axial dispersion interference microscope objective lens to form an interference signal, and then transmitted through the beam splitter and the imaging coupling lens in order To the snapshot-type spectral imaging detector, the snapshot-type spectral imaging detector transmits the collected image data to a computer through a data transmission control line.
  • the snapshot-type spectral imaging detector is a multi-aperture spectral filter camera and a tunable step grating Imagers, spectrally resolved detector arrays, computational tomography spectrometers, snapshot coded aperture spectrometers, stacked filter spectrometers, recombined fiber optic spectrometers, lens array integrated field imaging spectrometers, image folding imaging spectrometers, image mapping spectrometers, Multispectral Sagnac spectrometer, snapshot hyperspectral Fourier transform imager.
  • the axial dispersion type interference microscope objective lens is one of Michelson type, Mira u type, or Linik type interference micro objective lens based on an axial diffractive optical element.
  • the wide-spectrum light source is one of a halogen lamp, a white LED, and a supercontinuum laser.
  • the technical solution of the present invention further includes a snapshot full-field white light interference microscopy measurement method, the steps are as follows:
  • the reference optical path in the axial dispersion interference microscope objective lens is blocked so that it only works in the axial dispersion mode;
  • the complex-colored light emitted by the wide-spectrum light source is passed through a collimating and expanding beam homogenizing lens and a beam splitter
  • axial dispersion type interference micro-objectives are irradiated to the standard plane mirror on the stage;
  • the standard plane mirror is driven by the micro-displacer to perform axial scanning along the optical axis direction of the micro-objective lens to disperse the axial dispersion
  • the reflected optical signal enters the microscope objective lens and beam splitter, and is then received and measured by the spectrometer to obtain the wavelength value of each monochromatic optical signal.
  • the second step is to obtain a snapshot-type dispersion-spectrum-coded white light interference image:
  • the reference optical path in the axial dispersion interference microscope objective lens is removed to make it work in the axial dispersion and interference mode at the same time; the measured element is placed on the stage, in the axial and radial directions.
  • the complex-colored light emitted by the broad-spectrum light source is collimated and expanded by a uniform beam lens,
  • the beam splitter and the axial dispersion interference microscope objective lens form a path of axially-dispersed measurement light and focus to different depth positions and a path of axially-dispersed complex-color reference light;
  • the axial-dispersion measurement light is reflected by the measured element Go back and mix with the multi-color reference light through the axial dispersion interference microscope objective lens to form a white light interference signal data cube in the spectral domain;
  • the snapshot-type spectral imaging detector collects many corresponding to the white light interference signal data cube in the spectral domain Frame- or single-frame snapshot-type dispersion-spectrum-encoded white-light interference images, which are transmitted to a computer for storage and processing;
  • the computer resolves the obtained multi-frame or single-frame snapshot-type dispersion spectrally-coded white light interference image
  • the white light interference signal data cube in the spectral domain is inverted.
  • the white light interference signal data cube in the spectral domain is processed by using the spectral white light interference signal processing algorithm.
  • the maximum value near the position of the monochromatic optical focal plane reaches the depth-coded spectral information of each point on the measured object; according to the "spectrum-depth" relationship curve obtained in the first step of pre-calibration, the corresponding points on the measured object
  • the depth information is demodulated to obtain the microstructure morphology of the device under test.
  • the spectral range used in the measurement of the present invention is an ultraviolet band, a visible light band, or an infrared band.
  • the technical solution of the present invention is based on the following principles: On the basis of white light interference microscopy and snapshot-type spectroscopic imaging detection, multi-color parallel light passes through an axial dispersion-type interference optical system and sequentially disperses in the axial direction.
  • the provided measuring device does not require an axial mechanical scanning component, and replaces the existing horizontal point / line measurement with a horizontal plane measurement, increases the single horizontal measurable range of the system, and uses an axial dispersion-type interference display
  • the micro-objective lens and snapshot-type spectral imaging detector realize the unique coding between the "white light interference signal-spectrum and depth" from the system hardware, and then complete the microstructure (especially the complex, discontinuous Structure) Full-field non-contact, high-accuracy (dynamic or even transient) acquisition of the micro-morphology of the component surface effectively suppresses measurement errors introduced by the scanning movement of mechanical parts, and improves the controllability and anti-interference ability of the system.
  • the measurement method provided by the present invention is based on white light interference microscopy and snapshot-type spectral imaging detection Based on the use of multi-color parallel light passing through the axial dispersion-type interference optical system, it is sequentially dispersed in the axial direction and focused one by one at different axial depth positions, and the intensity of the white light interference signal in the spectral domain varies with the wavelength and The maximum value is reached near the position of a certain monochromatic optical focal plane of axial dispersion, and a unique encoding between the "white light interference signal-spectrum-depth" required for measurement is established, and only multiple frames or single frames are required.
  • Snapshot-type dispersion-spectrum-coded white-light interference images can complete non-contact, fast (dynamic and even transient), high-precision detection of related morphologies, thereby avoiding time-consuming, susceptible to external interference, and low flexibility in existing methods
  • the axial mechanical scanning and horizontal point / line scanning reduce the measurement error caused by this and significantly improve the detection efficiency.
  • FIG. 1 is a schematic structural diagram of a snapshot full-field white light interference microscopic measurement device according to an embodiment of the present invention
  • FIG. 2 is a schematic structural diagram of a Michelson-type interference microscope objective lens based on an axial diffractive optical element according to an embodiment of the present invention
  • FIG. 4 is a schematic flowchart of obtaining and processing a snapshot-type dispersion-spectrum-coded white-light interference image data according to an embodiment of the present invention.
  • a snapshot-type full-field white light interference microscopic measuring device and a measuring method according to the present invention will be further described in detail with reference to the accompanying drawings and embodiments.
  • FIG. 1 it is a schematic structural diagram of a snapshot-type full-field white light interference microscopic measurement device provided by this embodiment.
  • the measuring device consists of a broad-spectrum light source 1, a collimated beam expander, a beam splitter 3, and an axial dispersion type.
  • the interference microscope objective lens 4, the stage 6, the imaging coupling lens 7, a snapshot-type spectral imaging detector 8, a data transmission control line 9, and a computer 10 are constituted.
  • the computer 10 is connected to the snapshot-type spectral imaging detector 8 via the data transmission control line 9; the measured element 5 is placed on the stage 6, and the respective positions of the measured element 5 and the wide-spectrum light source 1 are in the spectral range used for the measurement Meet the conjugate relationship of the object image at the center wavelength of the lens; between the collimated beam expander uniform lens 2, the beam splitter 3, the axial dispersion interference microscope objective 4, the imaging coupling lens 7 and the snapshot spectral imaging detector 8 Common light path structure; the broad-spectrum light source 1 is located at the front focal plane position of the collimated beam-expanding beam homogenizing lens 2; Surface; the beam splitter 3 reflects parallel and uniform polychromatic light into the axial dispersion-type interference microscope objective lens 4, and outputs one path of measurement light that is axially dispersed and focused to different depth positions, and one path without axial dispersion Multi-color reference light; Axial dispersion measurement light is reflected back by the measured element 5 and mixed with the multi-
  • the snapshot-type spectral imaging detector 8 is a multiaperture filtered camera (MAFC), a tunable ladder optical tree imager (Tunable echelle imager, TEI), and a spectrally resolved detector array ( Spectrally resolving detector arrays (SRDA), Computed tomographic imaging spectrometry (CTIS), Coded aperture snapshot spectral imager (CASSI), Filter stack spectral
  • MAFC multiaperture filtered camera
  • Tunable echelle imager, TEI tunable ladder optical tree imager
  • SRDA Spectrally resolving detector arrays
  • CIS Computed tomographic imaging spectrometry
  • CASSI Coded aperture snapshot spectral imager
  • FSSD Fiber-reformatting imaging spectrometry
  • FRIS Fiber-reformatting imaging spectrometry
  • IRIS Integral field spectroscopy with lenslet arrays
  • IRIS Image mapping spectrometry
  • MSI Multispectral Sagnac interferometry
  • SHIFT Snapshot hyperspectral imaging Fourier transform spectrometer
  • One type is to achieve fast acquisition and measurement of target “space-spectrum” information;
  • the axial dispersion type interference microscope objective lens 4 is based on the axial diffractive optical element (Axial diffractive optical elements (ADOE) Michelson type, Mirau type, Linik type interference microscope objective lens;
  • Broad-spectrum light source 1 is a halogen lamp, white light emitting diode (LED) or supercontinuum laser; Beam splitter A 1: 1 transflective prism.
  • ADOE axial diffractive optical elements
  • the axial dispersion-type interference microscope objective lens is a Michelson-type interference microscope objective lens based on an axial diffractive optical element. See FIG. 2 for a Michelson-type interference microscope based on an axial diffractive optical element.
  • Schematic diagram of the objective lens includes a beam-coupling imaging lens 41, a beam splitting prism 42, a reference plane mirror 43 and an axial diffractive optical element 44;
  • the incident parallel-color parallel light passes through the beam-coupling imaging lens 41 and the beam splitting prism 42-divided into two One path is a multi-color light with no axial dispersion, and is reflected back by the reference plane mirror 43 to form a reference light signal;
  • the other path passes through the axial diffractive optical element 44 to become axially dispersed and focused to the monochromatic light of different depth positions And reflected by the measured element 5 to form a measurement light signal;
  • the multi-color reference light signal and the axially dispersed measurement light signal are mixed by a dichroic prism 42 to form a white light interference signal data cube in the spectral domain.
  • This embodiment uses the device shown in FIG. 1 to measure the microstructure morphology.
  • the method includes the following three steps:
  • the system device Before the measurement, the system device needs to be pre-calibrated for the “spectral-depth” correspondence: the reference optical path in the axial dispersion interference microscope objective lens 4 is blocked so that it only works in the axial dispersion mode;
  • the complex-colored light emitted by the spectral light source 1 is irradiated to a standard flat mirror on a stage through a collimating and expanding beam homogenizing lens 2, a beam splitter 3, and an axial dispersion-type interference microscope objective lens 4.
  • the standard flat mirror is micro-shifted.
  • the scanner perform axial scanning along the direction of the optical axis of the microscope objective lens 4, reflect the axially dispersed optical signal into the microscope objective lens 4 and the beam splitter 3, and then receive and measure the monochromatic optical signals by the spectrometer.
  • the value of the wavelength is recorded by recording the axial shift position of the micro-shifter when each monochromatic optical signal reaches its peak during scanning, and a set of "spectrum-depth" data is obtained.
  • the "spectrum-depth" correspondence is obtained by using a polynomial or spline fitting method. Relationship curve, complete the system pre-calibration.
  • the multi-color parallel light passes through the axial dispersion type interference microscope objective lens 4 in the axial direction, it is sequentially dispersed into monochromatic light of different wavelengths, and is focused on different axial depth positions one-to-one correspondingly, that is, "spectrum one "Depth” has the corresponding relationship of the following formula (1):
  • a “spectrum-depth” relationship curve according to an embodiment of the present invention is shown.
  • the horizontal axis represents the wavelength domain
  • the second step is to obtain a snapshot-type dispersion-spectrum-coded white light interference image.
  • the reference optical path in the axial dispersion interference microscope objective lens 4 is removed, so that it can work in the axial dispersion and interference mode at the same time; the measured element 5 is placed on the stage 6 in the axial direction.
  • the emitted complex-colored light passes through the collimating and expanding beam homogenizing lens 2, the beam splitter 3, and the axial dispersion-type interference microscope objective lens 4 to form a path of axially dispersing and focusing measurement light of different depth positions and a path of non-axial dispersion.
  • Multi-color reference light Axial dispersion measurement light is reflected back by the measured element 5 and mixed with the multi-color reference light through the axial-dispersion interference microscope objective lens 4 to form a white light interference signal data cube in the spectral domain; snapshot spectrum
  • the imaging detector 8 collects a multi-frame or single-frame snapshot-type dispersion-spectrum-coded white-light interference image corresponding to a white-light interference signal data cube on a spectral domain, and transmits the image to a computer 10 for storage and processing;
  • the measurement method is based on the white light interference microscopy method and snapshot-type spectral imaging detection technology, and uses the dispersive parallel light to pass through the axial dispersion type interference microscope objective lens 4 to sequentially disperse in the axial direction. Focusing on different axial depth positions and the intensity of the white light interference signal in the spectral domain as a function of wavelength and reaching a maximum near a monochromatic optical focal plane position of axial dispersion, a measurement station was established. The unique coding between the "white light interference signal-spectrum and depth" is required. Only multi-frame or single-frame snapshot-type dispersion spectrum coding of white light interference image is required to realize the mechanically free distribution of the three-dimensional topography distribution of the measured element. Scan, full field non-contact, fast (dynamic or even transient) high precision measurement.
  • the measurement process can obtain multi-frame or single-frame snapshot-type dispersion-spectrum-coded white-light interference image data.
  • the acquisition of single-frame snapshot-type dispersion-spectrum-encoded white-light interference image data is taken as an example, specifically:
  • the complex-colored light emitted by the wide-spectrum light source 1 passes through a collimated beam-expanding uniform lens 2, a beam splitter 3, and an axial direction.
  • the dispersion-type interference microscope objective lens 4 forms a path of measurement light that is axially dispersed and focused to different depth positions, and a path of multi-color reference light that does not have axial dispersion.
  • the axial dispersion measurement light is reflected back by the measured element 5 and mixed with the complex-color reference light through the axial dispersion interference microscope objective lens 4 to interfere with each other to form a spectral white light interference signal data cube.
  • Equation (2) shows:
  • Is the two-dimensional space coordinate of the surface of the measured element 5 Is the phase of the white light interference fringes related to the three-dimensional surface shape distribution of the measured element 5, ⁇ represents the center wavelength of the m-th axially dispersed monochromatic light,
  • M is the actual number of axially-dispersed monochromatic light in the spectral range used for measurement. (It should be noted that although the polychromatic light is sequentially dispersed in the axial direction by the axial-dispersion interference microscope objective lens 4 into each continuous monochromatic light, but The number of monochrome lights M actually used in the measurement is limited by the number of detectable spectra of the snapshot-type spectral imaging detector 8, in this embodiment m-m
  • the third step is demodulation of the snapshot-type dispersion-spectrum-coded white light interference image:
  • the corresponding multi-frame or single-frame snapshot-type dispersion-spectrum-coded white light interference image is demodulated by using a corresponding data processing algorithm with the help of a computer 10.
  • the data cube of the white light interference signal in the spectral domain Processing based on the intensity of the white light interference signal in the spectral domain
  • A changes and reaches a maximum value near the position of a certain monochromatic optical focal plane of axial dispersion to obtain depth-encoded spectral information of each point on the measured object
  • FIG. 4 a snapshot color corresponding to step two and three phases in the measurement method according to an embodiment of the present invention
  • the three-dimensional shape information of the measured object 5 is modulated by the measuring device of the present invention into multi-frame or single-frame snapshot-type dispersion spectrum-encoded white light interference image (two-dimensional) data; the corresponding snapshot-type spectral imaging detection data processing algorithm is used for the data Perform demodulation to reverse the corresponding spectral white light interference data cube (single frame); then use the spectral domain white light interference signal processing algorithm to process the spectral domain white light interference data cube.

Abstract

一种快照式全场白光干涉显微测量方法及其装置。在白光干涉显微测量法和快照式光谱成像探测术基础上,利用复色平行光经过轴向色散型干涉光学系统后沿轴向依次色散并一一对应地聚焦于不同的轴向深度位置、以及光谱域上的白光干涉信号强度随波长变化且在轴向色散的某一单色光焦面位置附近达到极大值,建立测量所需的"白光干涉信号-光谱-深度"三者之间的唯一性编码,实现对被测元件三维形貌分布的测量。

Description

一种快照式全场白光干涉显微测量方法及其装置
技术领域
[0001] 本发明涉及一种微结构形貌的测量技术, 特别是一种快照式全场白光干涉显微 测量方法及其装置, 属于先进制造与检测技术领域。
背景技术
[0002] 在工业生产、 国防军事、 医疗卫生、 生活服务等领域, 诸如微机电系统 (Micr oelectromechanical systems , MEMS) 、 衍射光学兀件 (Diffractive optical element , DOE) 等有着广泛的应用。 这些元件表面存在的复杂微观结构, 与元件的残 余应力、 使用寿命、 损伤阈值等内在特性密切相关。 对其微结构形貌的超精密 检测能够为元件相关性能的预评估与控制提供指导和帮助。 因而, 针对相关检 测系统与技术的研究愈发受到人们的重视。
[0003] 在众多的检测技术中, 光干涉显微测量法因其具有全场非接触、 高精度等优点 , 成为一种强有力的微观形貌精密检测工具。 传统方案多以单色性较好的激光 作为光源, 结合移相干涉术, 轴向面形测量精度可达亚纳米量级。 然而, 单波 长激光的使用在一定程度上限制了其在表面具有复杂微结构 (如阶梯状) 的元 件三维形貌检测方面的应用。 虽然具有唯一零光程差位置的垂直扫描白光干涉 显微术可以有效克服上述问题, 但其检测需要借助高精度的微位移器 (如压电 陶瓷堆, Piezoelectric transducer, PZT) 沿轴向作精细扫描实现。 从而导致整个 测量过程较长, 极易受外界气流扰动、 震动等的影响, 仅适用于静态物面的检 测, 且系统的结构也较为复杂、 检测成本较高。
[0004] 为了克服上述问题, 德国斯图加特大学应用光学中心的 W. Lyda等人提出了一 种彩色共聚焦光谱干涉仪 (CCSI) 。 该测量方法结合了共聚焦和白光干涉各自 在横向和轴向分辨率上的优势, 将被测微结构的深度信息通过复色光的轴向色 散和光干涉调制到波数域的白光干涉信号中, 无需做轴向垂直扫描, 即可实现 与垂直扫描白光干涉显微术相近的轴向测量精度。 然而由于传统狭缝型光谱仪 的使用, CCSI的单次横向测量范围有限。 虽然该中心的 M. Gronle等人提出的横 向色散光谱编码干涉仪 (LCDSEI) , 通过横向线测量提升了检测效率, 但是全 场、 单帧测量依旧困难。
[0005] 如何实现对表面具有复杂微结构的元件三维形貌分布的无机械式扫描、 全场非 接触、 快速 (动态甚至瞬态) 高精度测量, 正逐步成为本领域的研究热点与趋 势。
发明概述
技术问题
问题的解决方案
技术解决方案
[0006] 本发明针对现有技术存在的不足, 提供一种无需机械扫描部件, 能够实现对微 结构, 特别是面形变化复杂、 非连续的微结构元件表面微观形貌的全场非接触 、 快速 (动态甚至瞬态) 高精度测量的方法及其装置。
[0007] 为实现上述发明目的, 本发明采用的技术解决方案是提供一种快照式全场白光 干涉显微测量装置, 它包括宽光谱光源、 准直扩束匀光镜头、 分束器、 轴向色 散型干涉显微物镜、 载物台、 成像耦合镜头、 快照式光谱成像探测器、 数据传 输控制线、 计算机;
[0008] 被测元件置于载物台上, 被测元件与宽光谱光源各自的位置在测量所用光谱范 围的中心波长下满足物像共轭关系; 准直扩束匀光镜头、 分束器、 轴向色散型 干涉显微物镜、 成像耦合镜头和快照式光谱成像探测器之间呈共光路结构;
[0009] 测量装置中各元件的具体结构为: 宽光谱光源位于准直扩束匀光镜头的前焦面 位置, 宽光谱光源发出的复色光经准直扩束匀光镜头成为平行光均匀入射至分 束器表面; 所述分束器将平行、 均匀的复色光反射进入轴向色散型干涉显微物 镜, 分别输出一路沿轴向色散并聚焦至不同深度位置的测量光和一路无轴向色 散的复色参考光; 轴向色散的测量光由被测元件反射返回, 与复色参考光经轴 向色散型干涉显微物镜混合形成干涉信号, 再依次通过分束器和成像耦合镜头 传输至快照式光谱成像探测器, 快照式光谱成像探测器将采集到的图像数据经 数据传输控制线传输至计算机。
[0010] 本发明所述的快照式光谱成像探测器为多孔径光谱滤波相机、 可调谐阶梯光栅 成像仪、 光谱分辨探测器阵列、 计算层析成像光谱仪、 快照式编码孔径光谱成 像仪、 堆栈滤波光谱分解仪、 重组光纤成像光谱仪、 透镜阵列积分场成像光谱 仪、 图像折叠成像光谱仪、 图像映射光谱仪、 多光谱萨格纳克光谱仪、 快照式 高光谱傅里叶变换成像仪中的一种。
[0011] 所述的轴向色散型干涉显微物镜为基于轴向衍射光学元件的 Michelson型、 Mira u型、 Linik型干涉显微物镜中的一种。
[0012] 所述的宽光谱光源为卤素灯、 白光 LED、 超连续谱激光器中的一种。
[0013] 本发明技术方案还包括一种快照式全场白光干涉显微测量方法, 步骤如下:
[0014] 第一步, “光谱一深度”对应关系的预标定:
[0015] 测量前, 将轴向色散型干涉显微物镜中的参考光路遮挡, 使其仅工作在轴向色 散模式; 宽光谱光源发出的复色光经准直扩束匀光镜头、 分束器和轴向色散型 干涉显微物镜照射至载物台上的标准平面反射镜; 标准平面反射镜在微位移器 的带动下, 沿显微物镜的光轴方向做轴向扫描, 将轴向色散的光信号反射进入 显微物镜和分束器, 再由光谱仪接收、 测量得到各单色光信号的波长值, 记录 扫描过程中各单色光信号达到峰值时微位移器的轴向移动位置, 得到一组“光谱 一深度”数据; 利用多项式或样条拟合方法得到“光谱一深度”对应关系曲线, 完 成系统预标定;
[0016] 第二步, 快照式色散光谱编码白光干涉图像的获取:
[0017] 测量时, 去除轴向色散型干涉显微物镜中参考光路的遮挡, 使其同时工作在轴 向色散和干涉模式; 将被测元件置于载物台上, 沿轴向和径向调整载物台的位 置, 使被测元件与宽光谱光源各自的位置在测量所用光谱范围的中心波长下满 足物像共轭关系; 宽光谱光源发出的复色光经准直扩束匀光镜头、 分束器和轴 向色散型干涉显微物镜形成一路沿轴向色散并聚焦至不同深度位置的测量光和 一路无轴向色散的复色参考光; 轴向色散的测量光由被测元件反射返回, 并与 复色参考光经轴向色散型干涉显微物镜混合形成光谱域上的白光干涉信号数据 立方体; 快照式光谱成像探测器采集与光谱域上的白光干涉信号数据立方体相 对应的多帧或单帧快照式色散光谱编码白光干涉图像, 并传输至计算机存储和 处理; [0018] 第三步, 快照式色散光谱编码白光干涉图像的解调:
[0019] 依据测量装置所采用的快照式光谱成像探测器的具体结构形式, 利用相应的快 照式光谱成像数据处理算法, 计算机对获得的多帧或单帧快照式色散光谱编码 白光干涉图像进行解调, 反演出光谱域白光干涉信号数据立方体; 利用光谱域 白光干涉信号处理算法, 对光谱域白光干涉信号数据立方体进行处理, 基于光 谱域白光干涉信号强度随波长变化且在轴向色散的某一单色光焦面位置附近达 到极大值, 得到被测物上各点的深度编码光谱信息; 依据第一步预标定获得的“ 光谱一深度”关系曲线, 对对应的被测物上各点的深度信息进行解调, 得到被测 元件的微结构形貌。
[0020] 本发明的测量所用光谱范围为紫外波段、 可见光波段或红外波段。
[0021] 本发明技术方案依据的原理是: 在白光干涉显微测量法和快照式光谱成像探测 术的基础上, 利用复色平行光经过轴向色散型干涉光学系统后沿轴向依次色散 并一一对应地聚焦于不同的轴向深度位置、 以及光谱域上的白光干涉信号强度 随波长变化且在轴向色散的某一单色光焦面位置附近达到极大值, 建立了测量 所需的“白光干涉信号一光谱一深度”三者之间的唯一性编码; 该方法仅需多帧或 单帧快照式色散光谱编码白光干涉图像, 即可实现对被测元件三维形貌分布的 无机械式扫描、 全场非接触、 快速 (动态甚至瞬态) 高精度测量。
发明的有益效果
有益效果
[0022] 与现有技术相比, 本发明的显著优点在于:
[0023] 1 . 所提供的测量装置无需轴向机械扫描部件, 以横向面测量替代了现有的横 向点 /线测量、 增大了系统单次横向可测范围, 借助轴向色散型干涉显微物镜和 快照式光谱成像探测器, 从系统硬件上实现“白光干涉信号一光谱一深度”三者之 间的唯一性编码, 进而完成对微结构 (特别是面形变化复杂、 非连续的微结构 ) 元件表面微观形貌的全场非接触、 高精度测量数据的快速 (动态甚至瞬态) 获取, 有效抑制因机械部件扫描移动引入的测量误差, 提升系统的可控性与抗 干扰能力。
[0024] 2. 本发明提供的测量方法是在白光干涉显微测量法和快照式光谱成像探测术 的基础上, 利用复色平行光经过轴向色散型干涉光学系统后沿轴向依次色散并 一一对应地聚焦于不同的轴向深度位置、 以及光谱域上的白光干涉信号强度随 波长变化且在轴向色散的某一单色光焦面位置附近达到极大值, 建立了测量所 需的“白光干涉信号一光谱一深度”三者之间的唯一性编码, 仅需多帧或单帧快照 式色散光谱编码白光干涉图像即可完成相关形貌的全场非接触、 快速 (动态甚 至瞬态) 、 高精度检测, 从而避免了现有方法中耗时、 易受外界干扰、 柔性较 低的轴向机械扫描和横向点 /线扫描, 降低由此引入的测量误差, 显著提高检测 效率。
对附图的简要说明
附图说明
[0025] 图 1为本发明实施例提供的一种快照式全场白光干涉显微测量装置的结构示意 图;
[0026] 图 2为本发明实施例提供的一种基于轴向衍射光学元件的 Michelson型干涉显微 物镜的结构示意图;
[0027] 图 3为本发明实施例提供的“光谱一深度”关系曲线;
[0028] 图 4为本发明实施例提供的快照式色散光谱编码白光干涉图像数据获取及处理 流程示意图。
[0029] 其中: 1、 宽光谱光源; 2、 准直扩束匀光镜头; 3、 分束器; 4、 轴向色散型干 涉显微物镜; 5、 被测元件; 6、 载物台; 7、 成像耦合镜头; 8、 快照式光谱成 像探测器; 9、 数据传输控制线; 10、 计算机; 41、 光束耦合成像镜头; 42、 分 光棱镜; 43、 参考平面反射镜; 44、 轴向衍射光学元件。
发明实施例
本发明的实施方式
[0030] 下面结合附图及实施例对本发明所述的一种快照式全场白光干涉显微测量装置 及测量方法作进一步详细说明。
[0031] 实施例 1
[0032] 参见附图 1, 它为本实施例提供的快照式全场白光干涉显微测量装置的结构示 意图。 该测量装置由宽光谱光源 1、 准直扩束匀光镜头 2、 分束器 3、 轴向色散型 干涉显微物镜 4、 载物台 6、 成像耦合镜头 7、 快照式光谱成像探测器 8、 数据传 输控制线 9和计算机 10构成。
[0033] 计算机 10经数据传输控制线 9与快照式光谱成像探测器 8相连; 被测元件 5置于 载物台 6上, 被测元件 5与宽光谱光源 1各自的位置在测量所用光谱范围的中心波 长下满足物像共轭关系; 准直扩束匀光镜头 2、 分束器 3、 轴向色散型干涉显微 物镜 4、 成像耦合镜头 7和快照式光谱成像探测器 8之间呈共光路结构; 宽光谱光 源 1位于准直扩束匀光镜头 2的前焦面位置, 宽光谱光源 1发出的复色光经准直扩 束匀光镜头 2成为平行光均匀入射至分束器 3表面; 所述分束器 3将平行、 均匀的 复色光反射进入轴向色散型干涉显微物镜 4, 分别输出一路沿轴向色散并聚焦至 不同深度位置的测量光和一路无轴向色散的复色参考光; 轴向色散的测量光由 被测元件 5反射返回, 与复色参考光经轴向色散型干涉显微物镜 4混合形成干涉 信号, 再依次通过分束器 3和成像耦合镜头 7传输至快照式光谱成像探测器 8 , 快 照式光谱成像探测器 8将采集到的图像数据经数据传输控制线 9传输至计算机 10
[0034] 在本实施例中, 快照式光谱成像探测器 8为多孔径光谱滤波相机 (Multiaperture filtered camera, MAFC) 、 可调谐阶梯光樹成像仪 (Tunable echelle imager, TEI ) 、 光谱分辨探测器阵列 (Spectrally resolving detector arrays , SRDA) 、 计算层 析成像光谱仪 (Computed tomographic imaging spectrometry, CTIS)、 快照式编码 孔径光谱成像仪 (Coded aperture snapshot spectral imager, CASSI) 、 堆梭滤波 光谱分解仪 (Filter stack spectral
decomposer, FSSD) 、 重组光纤成像光谱仪 (Fiber-reformatting imaging spectrometry , FRIS) 、 透镜阵列积分场成像光谱仪 (Integral field spectroscopy with lenslet arrays, IFS-L) 、 图像折叠成像光谱仪 (image-replicating imaging spectrometry , IRIS) 、 图像映射光谱仪 (image mapping spectrometry, IMS) 、 多光谱萨格纳克光谱仪 (Multispectral Sagnac interferometry , MSI) 、 快照式高 光谱傅里叶变换成像仪 (Snapshot hyperspectral imaging Fourier transform spectrometer, SHIFT) 中的一种, 实现对目标“空间一光谱”信息的快速获取与测 量; 轴向色散型干涉显微物镜 4为基于轴向衍射光学元件 (Axial diffractive optical elements, ADOE) 的 Michelson型、 Mirau型、 Linik型干涉显微物镜中的 一种; 宽光谱光源 1为卤素灯、 白光发光二极管 (Light emitting diode, LED) 或 超连续谱激光器; 分束器为 1: 1半透半反分光棱镜。
[0035] 在本实施例中, 轴向色散型干涉显微物镜为基于轴向衍射光学元件的 Michelson 型干涉显微物镜, 参见附图 2, 为基于轴向衍射光学元件的 Michelson型干涉显微 物镜的结构示意图; 它包括光束耦合成像镜头 41、 分光棱镜 42、 参考平面反射 镜 43和轴向衍射光学元件 44; 入射的复色平行光经光束耦合成像镜头 41和分光 棱镜 42—分为二; 一路为无轴向色散的复色光, 并由参考平面反射镜 43反射返 回形成参考光信号; 另一路经过轴向衍射光学元件 44成为沿轴向色散并聚焦至 不同深度位置的各单色光, 并由被测元件 5反射返回形成测量光信号; 复色参考 光信号与轴向色散的测量光信号再经分光棱镜 42混合形成光谱域上的白光干涉 信号数据立方体。
[0036] 本实施例采用附图 1所示装置对微结构形貌进行测量, 其方法包括以下三个步 骤:
[0037] 第一步, “光谱一深度”对应关系的预标定。
[0038] 在测量前, 需对系统装置进行“光谱一深度”对应关系的预标定: 将轴向色散型 干涉显微物镜 4中的参考光路遮挡, 使其仅工作在轴向色散模式; 宽光谱光源 1 发出的复色光经准直扩束匀光镜头 2、 分束器 3和轴向色散型干涉显微物镜 4照射 至载物台上的标准平面反射镜; 标准平面反射镜在微位移器的带动下, 沿显微 物镜 4的光轴方向做轴向扫描, 将轴向色散的光信号反射进入显微物镜 4和分束 器 3 , 再由光谱仪接收、 测量得到各单色光信号的波长值, 记录扫描过程中各单 色光信号达到峰值时微位移器的轴向移动位置, 得到一组“光谱一深度”数据; 利 用多项式或样条拟合方法得到“光谱一深度”对应关系曲线, 完成系统预标定。
[0039] 由于复色平行光经过轴向色散型干涉显微物镜 4会沿轴向依次色散为不同波长 的单色光, 并一一对应地聚焦于不同的轴向深度位置, 即“光谱一深度”之间具有 如下式 (1) 的对应关系:
[0040]
! = /(i ) ⑴
[0041] 其中, fH 为单值函数,
表示轴向深度。 参见附图 3 , 为本发明实施例提供的“光谱一深度”关系曲线
Figure imgf000010_0001
其横轴代表波长域
(从左向右为短波至长波方向) , 纵坐标为深度
E
。 由于光学元件的装调误差、 非线性轴向色散等因素的影响, “光谱一深度”之 间往往呈现非线性的对应关系, 在系统预标定过程中可利用多项式或样条拟合 技术更为精确地表征得到该单值函数
[0042] 第二步, 快照式色散光谱编码白光干涉图像的获取。
[0043] 测量时, 去除轴向色散型干涉显微物镜 4中参考光路的遮挡, 使其同时工作在 轴向色散和干涉模式; 将被测元件 5置于载物台 6上, 沿轴向和径向调整载物台 6 的位置, 使被测元件 5与宽光谱光源 1各自的位置在测量所用光谱范围 (紫外波 段、 可见光波段或红外波段) 的中心波长下满足物像共轭关系; 宽光谱光源 1发 出的复色光经准直扩束匀光镜头 2、 分束器 3和轴向色散型干涉显微物镜 4形成一 路沿轴向色散并聚焦至不同深度位置的测量光和一路无轴向色散的复色参考光 ; 轴向色散的测量光由被测元件 5反射返回, 并与复色参考光经轴向色散型干涉 显微物镜 4混合形成光谱域上的白光干涉信号数据立方体; 快照式光谱成像探测 器 8采集与光谱域上的白光干涉信号数据立方体相对应的多帧或单帧快照式色散 光谱编码白光干涉图像, 并传输至计算机 10存储和处理;
[0044] 本实施例中, 测量方法是在白光干涉显微测量法和快照式光谱成像探测术的基 础上, 利用复色平行光经过轴向色散型干涉显微物镜 4后沿轴向依次色散并一一 对应地聚焦于不同的轴向深度位置、 以及光谱域上的白光干涉信号强度随波长 变化且在轴向色散的某一单色光焦面位置附近达到极大值, 建立了测量所需的“ 白光干涉信号一光谱一深度”三者之间的唯一性编码, 仅需多帧或单帧快照式色 散光谱编码白光干涉图像, 即可实现对被测元件三维形貌分布的无机械式扫描 、 全场非接触、 快速 (动态甚至瞬态) 高精度测量。
[0045] 根据被测物 5表面微观形貌变化是否连续、 以及检测精度 /速度要求的不同, 测 量过程可获得多帧或单帧快照式色散光谱编码白光干涉图像数据。 本实施例中 , 以单帧快照式色散光谱编码白光干涉图像数据的获取为例, 具体为: 宽光谱 光源 1发出的复色光经准直扩束匀光镜头 2、 分束器 3和轴向色散型干涉显微物镜 4形成一路沿轴向色散并聚焦至不同深度位置的测量光和一路无轴向色散的复色 参考光。 轴向色散的测量光由被测元件 5反射返回, 并与复色参考光经轴向色散 型干涉显微物镜 4混合发生干涉, 形成光谱域白光干涉信号数据立方体, 其强度 分布表达式由以下式 (2) 所示:
[0046]
Figure imgf000011_0001
(2)
[0047] 其中,
Figure imgf000011_0002
为被测元件 5表面的二维空间坐标,
Figure imgf000012_0001
是与被测元件 5的三维面形分布相关的白光干涉条纹相位, 溆 表示第 m个轴向色散单色光的中心波长,
Figure imgf000012_0002
, M为测量所用光谱范围内轴向色散单色光的实际使用数目 (需要说明的是, 虽然复色光经轴向色散型干涉显微物镜 4沿轴向依次色散为各连续单色光, 但测 量中实际使用的单色光数目 M受限于快照式光谱成像探测器 8的可探测光谱数, 在本实施例中 m -m
) ,
Figure imgf000012_0003
Figure imgf000012_0004
分别表示白光干涉条纹的背景分量和调制度分布,
Figure imgf000012_0005
为与系统有关而与待测面形无关的相位偏置。 因“光谱一深度”之间具有如式(i) 所示的一一对应关系, 故上述光谱域白光干涉信号数据立方体的强度分布可改 写为式 (3) :
Figure imgf000013_0001
[0049] 其中, f-H;) 为单值函数
的反函数,
2, 为第 m个轴向色散单色光中心波长
对应的轴向深度。 因此, 快照式光谱成像探测器 8获得的单帧快照式色散光谱 编码白光干涉图像数据为式 (4) :
[0050]
Figure imgf000013_0002
[0051] 其中,
Figure imgf000013_0003
表示快照式光谱成像探测器 8对原始光谱域上的白光干涉信号数据立方体的压缩 变换, 即将三维数据立方体压缩变换为二维编码图像数据。
[0052] 第三步, 快照式色散光谱编码白光干涉图像的解调:
[0053] 根据所采用的快照式光谱成像探测器 8的具体结构形式, 利用相应的数据处理 算法, 借助计算机 10对获得的多帧或单帧快照式色散光谱编码白光干涉图像进 行解调, 反演出光谱域白光干涉信号数据立方体
Figure imgf000014_0001
; 利用光谱域白光干涉信号处理算法, 对光谱域白光干涉信号数据立方体
Figure imgf000014_0002
进行处理, 基于光谱域白光干涉信号强度
LMyA )
随波长
A 变化且在轴向色散的某一单色光焦面位置附近达到极大值, 得到被测物上各点 的深度编码光谱信息
Figure imgf000014_0003
; 依据第一步预标定获得的“光谱一深度”关系曲线 二 /W
, 解调出对应的待测面上各点的深度信息, 最终完成被测元件 5三维形貌分布 的无机械式扫描、 全场非接触、 快速 (动态甚至瞬态) 高精度测量。
[0054] 参见附图 4, 为本发明实施例提供的测量方法中步骤二和三相对应的快照式色 散光谱编码白光干涉图像数据获取及解调处理的流程示意图。 被测物 5的三维形 貌信息经本发明的测量装置调制成多帧或单帧快照式色散光谱编码白光干涉图 像 (二维) 数据; 利用相应的快照式光谱成像探测数据处理算法对该数据进行 解调, 反演出对应的光谱域白光干涉数据立方体 (单帧) ; 再借助光谱域白光 干涉信号处理算法对光谱域白光干涉数据立方体进行处理, 基于光谱域白光干 涉信号强度随波长变化且在轴向色散的某一单色光焦面位置附近达到极大值, 得到与被测物 5三维面形相关的深度编码光谱信息, 并结合预先标定获得的“光谱 一深度”关系曲线, 重构出被测元件 5的三维形貌分布。

Claims

权利要求书
[权利要求 i] 一种快照式全场白光干涉显微测量装置, 其特征在于: 它包括宽光谱 光源 (1) 、 准直扩束匀光镜头 (2) 、 分束器 (3) 、 轴向色散型干 涉显微物镜 (4) 、 载物台 (6) 、 成像耦合镜头 (7) 、 快照式光谱 成像探测器 (8) 、 数据传输控制线 (9) 、 计算机 (10) ;
被测元件 (5) 置于载物台 (6) 上, 被测元件 (5) 与宽光谱光源 (1 ) 各自的位置在测量所用光谱范围的中心波长下满足物像共轭关系; 准直扩束匀光镜头 (2) 、 分束器 (3) 、 轴向色散型干涉显微物镜 ( 4) 、 成像耦合镜头 (7) 和快照式光谱成像探测器 (8) 之间呈共光 路结构;
宽光谱光源 (1) 位于准直扩束匀光镜头 (2) 的前焦面位置, 宽光谱 光源 (1) 发出的复色光经准直扩束匀光镜头 (2) 成为平行光均匀入 射至分束器 (3) 表面; 所述分束器 (3) 将平行、 均匀的复色光反射 进入轴向色散型干涉显微物镜 (4) , 分别输出一路沿轴向色散并聚 焦至不同深度位置的测量光和一路无轴向色散的复色参考光; 轴向色 散的测量光由被测元件 (5) 反射返回, 与复色参考光经轴向色散型 干涉显微物镜 (4) 混合形成干涉信号, 再依次通过分束器 (3) 和成 像耦合镜头 (7) 传输至快照式光谱成像探测器 (8) , 快照式光谱成 像探测器 (8) 将采集到的图像数据经数据传输控制线 (9) 传输至计 算机 (10) 。
[权利要求 2] 根据权利要求 1所述的一种快照式全场白光干涉显微测量装置, 其特 征在于: 所述的快照式光谱成像探测器为多孔径光谱滤波相机、 可调 谐阶梯光栅成像仪、 光谱分辨探测器阵列、 计算层析成像光谱仪、 快 照式编码孔径光谱成像仪、 堆栈滤波光谱分解仪、 重组光纤成像光谱 仪、 透镜阵列积分场成像光谱仪、 图像折叠成像光谱仪、 图像映射光 谱仪、 多光谱萨格纳克光谱仪、 快照式高光谱傅里叶变换成像仪中的 一种。
[权利要求 3] 根据权利要求 1所述的一种快照式全场白光干涉显微测量装置, 其特 征在于: 所述的轴向色散型干涉显微物镜为基于轴向衍射光学元件的 Michelson型、 Mirau型、 Linik型干涉显微物镜中的一种。
[权利要求 4] 根据权利要求 1所述的一种快照式全场白光干涉显微测量装置, 其特 征在于: 所述的宽光谱光源为南素灯、 白光 LED、 超连续谱激光器中 的一种。
[权利要求 5] —种快照式全场白光干涉显微测量方法, 其特征在于包括如下步骤: 第一步, “光谱一深度”对应关系的预标定:
测量前, 将轴向色散型干涉显微物镜中的参考光路遮挡, 使其仅工作 在轴向色散模式; 宽光谱光源发出的复色光经准直扩束匀光镜头、 分 束器和轴向色散型干涉显微物镜照射至载物台上的标准平面反射镜; 标准平面反射镜在微位移器的带动下, 沿显微物镜的光轴方向做轴向 扫描, 将轴向色散的光信号反射进入显微物镜和分束器, 再由光谱仪 接收、 测量得到各单色光信号的波长值, 记录扫描过程中各单色光信 号达到峰值时微位移器的轴向移动位置, 得到一组“光谱一深度”数据 ; 利用多项式或样条拟合方法得到“光谱一深度”对应关系曲线, 完成 系统预标定;
第二步, 快照式色散光谱编码白光干涉图像的获取:
测量时, 去除轴向色散型干涉显微物镜中参考光路的遮挡, 使其同时 工作在轴向色散和干涉模式; 将被测元件置于载物台上, 沿轴向和径 向调整载物台的位置, 使被测元件与宽光谱光源各自的位置在测量所 用光谱范围的中心波长下满足物像共轭关系; 宽光谱光源发出的复色 光经准直扩束匀光镜头、 分束器和轴向色散型干涉显微物镜形成一路 沿轴向色散并聚焦至不同深度位置的测量光和一路无轴向色散的复色 参考光; 轴向色散的测量光由被测元件反射返回, 并与复色参考光经 轴向色散型干涉显微物镜混合形成光谱域上的白光干涉信号数据立方 体; 快照式光谱成像探测器采集与光谱域上的白光干涉信号数据立方 体相对应的多帧或单帧快照式色散光谱编码白光干涉图像, 并传输至 计算机存储和处理; 第三步, 快照式色散光谱编码白光干涉图像的解调: 计算机对获得的多帧或单帧快照式色散光谱编码白光干涉图像进行解 调, 反演出光谱域白光干涉信号数据立方体; 利用光谱域白光干涉信 号处理算法, 对光谱域白光干涉信号数据立方体进行处理, 基于光谱 域白光干涉信号强度随波长变化且在轴向色散的某一单色光焦面位置 附近达到极大值, 得到被测物上各点的深度编码光谱信息; 依据第一 步预标定获得的“光谱一深度”关系曲线, 对对应的待测物上各点的深 度信息进行解调, 得到被测元件的微结构形貌。
[权利要求 6] 根据权利要求 5所述的一种快照式全场白光干涉显微测量方法, 其特 征在于: 所述的测量所用光谱范围为紫外波段、 可见光波段或红外波 段。
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