WO2020055036A2

WO2020055036A2 - Highly efficient heat engine without waste heat

Info

Publication number: WO2020055036A2
Application number: PCT/KR2019/011421
Authority: WO
Inventors: 전봉한
Original assignee: 전봉한
Priority date: 2018-09-11
Filing date: 2019-09-04
Publication date: 2020-03-19
Also published as: WO2020055036A3

Abstract

The present invention relates to a highly efficient heat engine without waste heat which has two identical cylinders (Y and Y') forming a bilaterally symmetrical pair as shown in figure 1 and allows high-temperature waste heat in the cylinder on one side and low-temperature heat in the cylinder on the other side to be exchanged by means of a heat exchanger (E) provided between the pair of cylinders and thereby reuses waste heat without dissipating same.

Description

High efficiency heat engine without waste heat

Heat engine structure

Carno organs, heat engine structure

The present invention is a structure of a "high-efficiency heat engine without waste heat", which solves the shortcomings of the existing heat engine to efficiently and endlessly power with unlimited natural heat energy (heat at normal temperature, solar heat, geothermal heat, heat of surface water in the tropical sea, and various waste heat, etc.) Now, if you list the disadvantages of the existing heat engine and suggest the solution,

First, existing carno engines and internal combustion engines have a lot of heat loss due to the structural disadvantages of converting a part of the heat supplied from a high heat source to work and dissipating the remaining heat (waste heat) to a low heat source. Therefore, this heat engine solves the disadvantages of the existing heat engine by recovering and reusing the waste heat.

Second, existing heat engines damage the natural environment such as climate change and radioactive material contamination by using fossil fuel and nuclear fuel to increase thermal efficiency by generating high temperature and high pressure. Therefore, this heat engine solves the disadvantages of existing heat engines by using liquids such as ether, ethanol, and gasoline, which have high thermal expansion and thermal expansion capacity as working substances.

Third, infinite natural heat energy cannot be efficiently used with existing heat engines. Therefore, this heat engine combines with a heat pump to efficiently and efficiently produce power with natural heat energy.

1) Structure of heat engine

In the structure of the heat engine, the same two cylinders Y and Y 'are configured symmetrically as shown in FIG. 1. The upper parts of the cylinders Y and Y' are formed as bottlenecks. Between the two cylinders Y and Y ', a heat exchanger E capable of exchanging heat between cylinders Y and Y is installed. A rod (R) with a piston (P, P ') is installed at the bottleneck of the cylinder (Y, Y'), and a rack (C, C ') is formed at the center of the upper surface of the piston (P, P'). R ') are attached respectively.

On the outside of the upper end of the cylinders (Y, Y '), a rotating shaft (S) is constructed, a generator (G) is mounted on the central portion of the rotating shaft (S), and ratchet gears (B, B') are mounted on both ends. The transmission shafts (A, A ') equipped with a pressure sensor and an automatic transmission are respectively installed on the rotational shaft immediately next to the ratchet gear, and the rack and ratchet gear are engaged to be configured to convert linear motion to rotational motion.

Inside the body parts of the cylinders Y and Y ', boundary membranes D and D' that can move up and down are respectively installed, and racks U and U 'are respectively attached to the center of the bottom of the boundary membrane, and the bottom of the cylinder. Electric motors (M, M ') are installed on the tail part configured outside the center, pinions (V, V') are mounted on the rotating shafts of the motors, and pinions and racks are engaged to convert rotary motions into linear motions. And, the rotational direction of the electric motor is configured to be selected in the clockwise or opposite direction.

Next to the lower part of the cylinder, the work material inlets N and N 'are respectively installed, and the upper part of the cylinder is provided with air or work material outlets O and O, respectively.

Heat supply units (H, H ') are installed at the top of the pipeline of the heat exchanger (E), and cold heat supply units (L, L') are installed at the bottom.

The cylinder (Y, Y ') is filled (100%) with a working substance cooled to a low heat source under atmospheric pressure.

2) Principle of heat engine

By selecting one of the liquids such as ether, ethanol, and gasoline having a high thermal expansion rate, and cooling to a low heat source under atmospheric pressure, the cylinder is filled (100%), and when heated with a high heat source (natural heat energy), high expansion power can be obtained. When the piston is operated with this expansion force, power is produced.

3) How to use the heat engine

a) Selection of work materials

The working material must always be in a liquid state so that heat exchange can occur between the high-temperature waste heat of the working material in one cylinder and the low-temperature heat of the working material in the other cylinder. Therefore, a material having a boiling point higher than that of a high heat source should be selected. In other words, if the temperature of the high heat source is t ℃ and the boiling point of the working material is b ℃, the inequality of t <b must be satisfied.

(Note 1)

Ether boiling point (34 ℃), ethanol boiling point (78 ℃), gasoline boiling point (200 ℃)

b) How to operate the heat engine

If the working material cooled to a low heat source under atmospheric pressure is filled (100%) in a cylinder (Y, Y ') as shown in FIG.

Boot process:

First, when the heat supply H on the cylinder Y side is opened and the motor M is operated to lower the boundary membrane D, the liquid under the boundary membrane D moves to the upper portion of the cylinder Y along the pipeline of the heat exchanger E. At this time, when the low-temperature liquid is supplied with heat from the heat supply (H) and becomes a high-temperature and high-pressure liquid and gradually accumulates in the cylinder Y, the expansion force of the liquid received by the cylinder (Y) also increases. At this time, when the cylinder (Y) reaches the limit of the pressure (point a in the graph of Fig. 2) that can withstand the expansion force, it is sensed by the pressure sense in the transmission (A) and the piston (P) has a constant pressure (Fig. (A to b section) to produce power. And when the boundary membrane (D) reaches the bottom of the cylinder (Y) is sensed by the pressure sense in the transmission (A), the operation of the heat supply (H) and the motor (M) is stopped. However, the piston P continues to produce power under reduced pressure along the curves b to c.

What is encouraging in this process is that the pressures acting on the top and bottom of the boundary membrane are the same. Therefore, the energy required to move the boundary film is extremely small.

The process of powering waste heat:

In this state, at the end of the booting process, the two motors (M and M ') are operated at the same time to move the two boundary films (D and D') in opposite directions (the boundary film D is up and the boundary film D 'is down). The heat exchanger E exchanges the high-temperature waste heat of the liquid in the cylinder Y with the low-temperature heat of the liquid in the cylinder Y '. At this time, by operating the cold heat supply (L) to compensate for the cold heat lost in the heat exchange process. In addition, when the heat supply H 'is operated to compensate for the heat lost in the heat exchange process and the heat used for power generation in the previous stage, the piston P' produces power.

In this way, the heat engine can continuously produce power by repeating the process of “powering waste heat”.

According to the invention,

1) This heat engine has less heat loss by reusing it without releasing waste heat.

2) This heat engine can efficiently power heat, solar heat, geothermal heat, surface water of tropical seas, and other waste heat that can be easily obtained in the surroundings.

3) This heat engine is free from fossil fuels and nuclear fuels, and is free from environmental problems such as climate change and radioactive material contamination.

[Figure 1] Figure 1 is a cross-sectional view of the entire heat engine assembly

[Figure 2] Figure 2 is a graph of the change in thermal expansion force acting on a cylinder

3 is a cross-sectional view of a heat engine during a boot process

4 is a cross-sectional view of a heat engine in the process of powering waste heat.

A, A ': Transmission B, B': Ratchet gear

C, C ': Rack D, D': Boundary membrane

E: Heat exchanger G: Generator

H, H ': Heat supply L, L': Cold heat supply

M, M ': Electric motor N, N': Work material inlet

O, O ': Air or work material outlet P, P': Piston

R, R ': rod S: rotating shaft

U, U ': Boundary membrane rack V, V': Pinion

Y, Y ': Cylinder

As in "Marine temperature difference power generation", the heat engine is operated by making a temperature difference using a heat pump. At this time, the larger the temperature difference and COP, the better. However, if the temperature difference is increased, the value of COP decreases. On the contrary, if the temperature difference decreases, the value of COP increases, so be careful.

How to power the heat pumped:

It is to produce power by making the temperature difference between the two containers (A, B) by transferring heat from the closed container (A) with a heat pump to another sealed container (B) like a freezer. Considering the power produced when the temperature of container B is 20 ℃ and the temperature of container A is -30 ℃,

First, if the COP of the heat pump is calculated, COP = T ₁ / (T ₁ -T ₂ )

Substituting the values of T ₁ = 273 + 20 = 293, T ₂ = 273-30 = 243

COP = 293 / (293-243) = 5.86

"High-efficiency heat engine without waste heat" has very high heat efficiency since heat loss is minimal. Therefore, assuming the thermal efficiency is 50%, and considering the power produced by this heat engine,

When the heat pump is driven with 100 power (electrical) energy, it absorbs heat from the low heat source A and transfers 586 heat energy to the high heat source B. When this heat energy is supplied to the heat engine and converted to work, the amount of work of 293 ) Is produced.

As a result, if the heat pump and this heat engine are combined and viewed as one heat engine, a surprising phenomenon occurs in which 293 work can be performed with a work volume of 100. Why is this possible? The answer is that the thermal efficiency of this heat engine is higher than that of the Carnot engine.

(Reference 2)

Calculation of the expansion force according to the temperature of the work material:

Calculating the thermal expansion force of the work material acting on the pistons (Y, Y '),

If the volume (V) is completely different as a function of pressure (P) and temperature (T),

The relational expression of

The coefficient of thermal expansion of the volume (

) And isothermal compression ratio (

)silver

Can be represented by

Substituting equations (2) and (3) into equation (1) and dividing both sides by V,

It becomes. Equation (4) can be integrated from the first state to the second state

ln

It becomes. If you ignore that the volume of the high pressure cylinder does not change with the change in temperature at low temperature (V ₁ = V ₂ ),

ln

Im equation (5)

It is arranged as follows.

Therefore, the maximum pressure acting on the piston (P ₂ ) is

Can be obtained from the ceremony.

Therefore, in equation (6)

,

Substituting the values of, T _{1 and} T ₂ , gives the value of P ₂ .

At this time, the value of P ₁ (atmospheric pressure) is regarded as “1”.

(Example)

If this heat engine is operated in a section with a high heat source of 20 ℃ and a low heat source of -30 ℃, and the maximum expansion force is obtained when ethanol (boiling point: 78 ℃) is used as the working material,

Thermal expansion rate of ethanol = 1.01 × 10 ^-3 / ℃,

Compression rate at 20 ° C = 114 × 10 ^-11 m ² / N,

Temperature of the working material in the initial state: T ₁ = (273-30) ℃,

Temperature of the working material in the later state: T ₂ = (273 + 20) ℃,

Substituting the value of into (6), the pressure of P ₂ is about 453 at.

What is encouraging here is that even at a low temperature of 20 ° C, it is possible to produce a pressure of more than 10 times the explosive power of an existing internal combustion engine.

First, energy is infinitely required in the science and technology civilized society.

Second, the use of fossil fuels and nuclear fuels damages the natural environment, such as climate change and radioactive material contamination, so the emergence of high-efficiency heat engines without waste heat will become the savior of mankind.

Claims

[Structure] The characteristic of the structure of a high-efficiency heat engine without waste heat is that the same two cylinders (Y and Y ') are symmetrically configured, and the upper part of the cylinders (Y, Y') is formed as a bottleneck, and the two cylinders (Y And Y '), a heat exchanger (E) capable of exchanging heat between cylinder Y and cylinder Y' is constructed, and pistons (P, P ') are installed on the bottlenecks of cylinders (Y, Y'), respectively. In the center of the upper surface of the pistons (P, P '), racks (R, R') with racks (C, C ') are attached, respectively, and the rotating shaft (S) outside the top of the cylinders (Y, Y') This configuration, the central portion of the rotating shaft (S) is equipped with a generator (G), ratchet gears (ratchet gear B, B ') are mounted at both ends, respectively, the pressure sensor and the automatic transmission on the rotating shaft right next to the ratchet gear The provided transmissions A and A 'are respectively installed, and the rack and the ratchet gear are engaged so that the linear motion is converted into a rotational motion, and the cylinders Y and Y' are formed. Inside the body part of the boundary membranes (D, D ') that can move up and down are installed, racks (rack U, U') are respectively attached to the center of the bottom of the boundary membrane, and the tail portion configured outside the center of the bottom of the cylinder is installed. Each of the motors (M, M ') is installed, a pinion (V, V') is mounted on the rotation axis of the motor, and the pinion and the rack are engaged to be configured to convert the rotational motion into a linear motion. It is configured to be selected in the clockwise or counterclockwise direction, and the work material inlet (N, N ') is installed next to the bottom of the cylinder, and the air or work material outlet (O, O) is installed next to the upper part of the cylinder, and heat exchange The heat supply (H, H ') is installed at the top of the pipeline of the group (E), the cold heat supply (L, L') is installed at the bottom, and the cylinder (Y, Y ') has a low pressure at atmospheric pressure. Work Substrate Cooled by Heat Source ance) is a high efficiency heat engine without waste heat, characterized by being filled (100%).
     The method of claim 1,

      To boot up first, open the heat supply H on the cylinder Y side, and operate the motor M to lower the boundary membrane D. The liquid under the boundary membrane (D) flows along the pipeline of the heat exchanger (E) to the upper cylinder Y. When the low-temperature liquid is supplied with heat from the heat supply (H) and becomes a high-temperature and high-pressure liquid and gradually accumulates in the cylinder Y, the expansion force of the liquid received by the cylinder (Y) also increases, and at this time, the cylinder (Y) expands When the limit of the pressure to withstand (point a in the graph in Fig. 2) is reached, the pressure sense in the transmission (A) is sensed and the piston (P) is a constant pressure (section a to b in the graph in Fig. 2) To generate power, and when the boundary membrane (D) reaches the bottom of the cylinder (Y), it is sensed by the pressure sense in the transmission (A) and the operation of the heat supply (H) and motor (M) stops, and the piston (P ) Continues to produce power under decreasing pressure along the b ~ c curve. do.

     After the booting process is finished, the two motors (M and M ') are operated at the same time to move the two boundary films (D and D') in opposite directions (boundary film D is up and boundary film D 'is down). Through the group (E), the high-temperature waste heat of the liquid in the cylinder Y and the low-temperature heat of the liquid in the cylinder Y 'are exchanged, and at this time, the cold heat supply (L) is operated to compensate for the cold heat lost in the heat exchange process. and. In addition, when the heat supply H 'is operated to compensate for the heat lost in the heat exchange process and the heat used for power generation in the previous stage, the piston P' produces power.

     Thus, this heat engine is a high-efficiency heat engine without waste heat that can continuously produce power by repeating the process of “powering waste heat”.
As a method of powering the heat pumped up by a heat pump, heat from the closed container (A), like a freezer, is transferred to another closed container (B) by heat pumping to create a temperature difference between the two containers (A, B). High-efficiency heat engine without waste heat, characterized by producing.