CN112542255B - Direct discharging system for thermoelectric conversion waste heat of heat pipe nuclear reactor and working method - Google Patents
Direct discharging system for thermoelectric conversion waste heat of heat pipe nuclear reactor and working method Download PDFInfo
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- CN112542255B CN112542255B CN202011413902.XA CN202011413902A CN112542255B CN 112542255 B CN112542255 B CN 112542255B CN 202011413902 A CN202011413902 A CN 202011413902A CN 112542255 B CN112542255 B CN 112542255B
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- G—PHYSICS
- G21—NUCLEAR PHYSICS; NUCLEAR ENGINEERING
- G21C—NUCLEAR REACTORS
- G21C15/00—Cooling arrangements within the pressure vessel containing the core; Selection of specific coolants
- G21C15/02—Arrangements or disposition of passages in which heat is transferred to the coolant; Coolant flow control devices
- G21C15/14—Arrangements or disposition of passages in which heat is transferred to the coolant; Coolant flow control devices from headers; from joints in ducts
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
- Y02E30/00—Energy generation of nuclear origin
- Y02E30/30—Nuclear fission reactors
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Abstract
The invention discloses a direct exhaust system for heat pipe nuclear reactor thermoelectric conversion waste heat, which comprises a water tank, wherein an outlet of the water tank is communicated with inlets of a plurality of cold plate heat exchangers through pipelines, an electric regulating valve and a circulating pump are arranged on the pipelines, the outlets of the plurality of cold plate heat exchangers are communicated with an inlet of a shell heat exchanger through pipelines, the outlet of the shell heat exchanger is communicated with the inlet of the water tank, and the shell heat exchanger is arranged in sea water; a heat conduction base and a thermoelectric generation module are arranged between adjacent cold plate heat exchangers, one end of a heat pipe of a nuclear reactor is inserted into the heat conduction base, and a fuel rod is arranged between the other ends of the heat pipes; the invention adopts closed circulation, improves the conversion efficiency of the thermoelectric power generation device, simultaneously avoids corrosion caused by direct contact between the interior of the underwater equipment and the external seawater, prolongs the service life of the underwater equipment, and improves the controllability of the energy conversion system while improving the underwater endurance time; in addition, the waste heat discharging system is efficient and compact in structure, easy to install and maintain, capable of effectively reducing the size of unmanned underwater equipment and reducing investment.
Description
Technical Field
The invention belongs to the technical field of heat pipe reactor energy conversion, and particularly relates to a direct exhaust system for thermoelectric conversion waste heat of a heat pipe nuclear reactor.
Background
Unmanned submarine is regarded as a novel marine equipment, and is the key point of the development of underwater equipment in various countries in the future. Most of the existing unmanned underwater vehicles use traditional chemical energy as power, have small endurance and poor concealment, and severely restrict the application of the unmanned underwater vehicles. The semiconductor thermoelectric power generation technology is a technology for directly converting heat energy into electric energy by utilizing the Seebeck effect of materials, has a series of advantages of compact structure, no abrasion, no leakage, cleanness, no noise, long service life, high reliability and the like, and is a green and environment-friendly power generation technology. The heat pipe is the most efficient heat transfer element known at present, and has been widely used in various fields such as thermal control of an aircraft and heat dissipation of electronic equipment. If the heat generated by nuclear fission of the reactor core is obtained by utilizing a small-sized heat pipe pile technology, then the heat energy is converted into electric energy by utilizing a temperature difference power generation device to provide power for the unmanned submersible vehicle, the endurance time of the unmanned submersible vehicle is greatly prolonged, and meanwhile, the concealment of underwater equipment is greatly improved. However, the temperature difference power generation technology is limited, only part of heat energy can be converted into electric energy, and most of heat cannot be directly utilized. At present, the power generation efficiency of thermoelectric generators assembled by single thermoelectric components is generally low, and is about 5% -7%. The heat generated by the small-sized reactor is huge, if the excessive heat cannot be timely discharged, the working temperature of the thermoelectric generator is too high, and even the thermoelectric generation system cannot work normally. Therefore, in order to maintain the normal operation of the thermoelectric power generation system of the heat pipe reactor, an energy transfer system is required to timely take away the excessive heat, so that the thermoelectric power generator works in a proper temperature range. In addition, the internal space of the underwater equipment is limited, the structure is complex and compact, and the system is limited by the appearance and the internal space, so that a simple, efficient, compact and reliable waste heat discharging system is urgently needed. However, the current novel ocean nuclear power system faces the challenges of safety, maneuverability and the like of a reactor, special mission, limited space, ocean environment and the like, and no mature equipment can be used as a reference.
Disclosure of Invention
In order to overcome the problems in the prior art, the invention aims to provide a direct exhaust system for thermoelectric conversion waste heat of a heat pipe nuclear reactor, which adopts closed circulation, can improve the conversion efficiency of a thermoelectric power generation device, can take away heat which cannot be utilized by thermoelectric effect, effectively avoids direct contact between the interior of underwater equipment and external seawater, can prevent seawater corrosion, prolongs the service life of the underwater equipment, and improves the controllability of an energy conversion system while improving the underwater endurance time; in addition, the waste heat discharging system is efficient and compact in structure, easy to install and maintain, capable of effectively reducing the size of unmanned underwater equipment, reducing investment, improving system safety, reducing operation and maintenance cost, effectively reducing noise of the underwater equipment and improving concealment of the underwater equipment.
In order to achieve the above purpose, the invention adopts the following technical scheme:
the utility model provides a direct exhaust system of heat pipe nuclear reactor thermoelectric conversion waste heat, includes water tank 1, and water tank 1 export is through pipeline intercommunication a plurality of cold plate heat exchanger 4 entry, sets up electric control valve 2 and circulating pump 3 on the pipeline, and a plurality of cold plate heat exchanger 4 exports are through pipeline intercommunication casing heat exchanger 10 entry, and casing heat exchanger 10 export communicates water tank 1 entry, and casing heat exchanger 10 is arranged in the sea water; a heat conduction base 5 and a thermoelectric generation module 6 are arranged between the adjacent cold plate heat exchangers 4, one end of a heat pipe 7 of the nuclear reactor is inserted into the heat conduction base 5, and a fuel rod 8 is arranged between the other ends of the heat pipe 7.
The shell heat exchanger 10 and the submarine shell are integrally designed.
The shell heat exchanger 10 adopts the form of an inner shell and an outer shell, and a plurality of groups of parallel spiral channels are arranged in the shell.
The cold plate heat exchanger 4, the heat conduction base 5 and the thermoelectric generation module 6 are mutually staggered to form a stacked structure similar to a sandwich.
The internal flow channel structure of the cold plate heat exchanger 4 is in the form of a single channel, a parallel channel or a Z-shaped channel, cooling water enters from an inlet at one end, and flows out from the other end after heat is taken away.
The number of the spiral channels of the shell heat exchanger 10 and the number of the cold plate heat exchangers 4 are adjusted according to actual needs.
The other end of the heat pipe 7 and the fuel rod 8 between the heat pipe and the heat pipe are covered by a shielding layer 9.
The working method of the direct exhaust system for the heat pipe nuclear reactor thermoelectric conversion waste heat comprises the steps that heat generated by a fuel rod 8 is led out by a heat pipe 7, then thermoelectric conversion is carried out by a thermoelectric power generation module 6, part of the heat is converted into electric energy, and the heat which is not utilized is exhausted by a cold plate heat exchanger 4; the cold source of the cold plate heat exchanger 4 is from the cooling water of the water tank 1, the cooling water is conveyed to each cold plate heat exchanger 4 through the water tank 1 by the circulating pump 3, after the waste heat is taken away, the cooling water enters the shell heat exchanger 10, and then is evenly distributed to each independent spiral channel, heat exchange is carried out with external seawater in a convection heat exchange mode, and after the cooling water is cooled down, the cooling water finally returns to the water tank 1 to form a closed cycle.
Compared with the prior art, the invention has the following advantages:
(1) The system provided by the invention realizes the combination of the thermoelectric generation technology and the heat pipe reactor technology, greatly increases the endurance time of the underwater equipment, reduces the operation temperature of the thermoelectric generation device by the waste heat discharging system, and improves the energy utilization efficiency and the energy conversion efficiency of the thermoelectric generation device;
(2) The thermoelectric generation device and the heat pipe nuclear reactor have no moving parts, so that the underwater noise is reduced, and the concealment of unmanned underwater equipment is improved;
(3) The closed circulation system avoids the direct contact between the interior of the underwater marine equipment and the external seawater, can effectively prevent seawater corrosion, and prolongs the service life of the underwater equipment;
(4) The device has the advantages of improving the controllability of the energy conversion system while guaranteeing the service performance of the underwater equipment, along with simple structure, high efficiency, compactness, easy maintenance, capability of effectively reducing the size of the unmanned underwater equipment and improving the economical efficiency.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a schematic diagram of a direct exhaust system for heat transfer from a heat pipe nuclear reactor.
Fig. 2 is a schematic stacking diagram of a sandwich structure of a thermoelectric generation module, a heat pipe and a cold plate heat exchanger.
Fig. 3a, fig. 3b and fig. 3c are respectively schematic diagrams of a single channel, parallel channels and a Z-type through structure of an internal flow channel of the cold plate heat exchanger.
FIG. 4 is a schematic view of a spiral tube heat exchanger
Detailed Description
The invention is described in further detail below with reference to the drawings and the detailed description.
As shown in fig. 1, the direct exhaust system for the heat pipe nuclear reactor thermoelectric conversion waste heat comprises a water tank 1, wherein an outlet of the water tank 1 is communicated with inlets of a plurality of cold plate heat exchangers 4 through pipelines, an electric regulating valve 2 and a circulating pump 3 are arranged on the pipelines, outlets of the plurality of cold plate heat exchangers 4 are communicated with an inlet of a shell heat exchanger 10 through pipelines, an outlet of the shell heat exchanger 10 is communicated with an inlet of the water tank 1, and the shell heat exchanger 10 is arranged in sea water; a heat conduction base 5 and a thermoelectric generation module 6 are arranged between the adjacent cold plate heat exchangers 4, one end of a heat pipe 7 of the nuclear reactor is inserted into the heat conduction base 5, and a fuel rod 8 is arranged between the other ends of the heat pipe 7.
As a preferred embodiment of the invention, the shell heat exchanger 10 and the submarine shell are integrally designed, so that the size of unmanned underwater equipment can be effectively reduced, the investment is reduced, the system safety is improved, and the operation and maintenance costs are reduced.
As shown in fig. 4, as a preferred embodiment of the present invention, the shell heat exchanger 10 adopts a form of an inner layer shell and an outer layer shell, and multiple groups of parallel spiral channels are arranged in the shell, so that heat exchange efficiency is improved.
As shown in FIG. 2, as a preferred embodiment of the present invention, the cold plate heat exchanger 4, the heat conducting base 5 and the thermoelectric generation module 6 are staggered with each other to form a sandwich-like stacked structure, so that the direct contact between the interior of the underwater marine device and the outside seawater is avoided, the seawater corrosion is effectively prevented, and the service life of the underwater device is prolonged.
As shown in fig. 3a, 3b and 3c, as a preferred embodiment of the present invention, the internal flow channel structure of the cold plate heat exchanger 4 is in the form of a single channel, parallel channel or Z-channel, and the cooling water enters from an inlet at one end and flows out from the other end after taking heat away.
As a preferred embodiment of the present invention, the number of spiral channels of the shell heat exchanger 10 and the number of cold plate heat exchangers 4 can be adjusted according to actual needs.
As a preferred embodiment of the present invention, the other end of the heat pipe 7 and the fuel rod 8 therebetween are covered with a shielding layer 9.
As shown in fig. 1, in the working method of the direct exhaust system for heat pipe nuclear reactor thermoelectric conversion waste heat, heat generated by a fuel rod 8 is led out by a heat pipe 7, then thermoelectric conversion is carried out by a thermoelectric power generation module 6, and part of the heat is converted into electric energy, so that the heat which is not utilized is exhausted by a cold plate heat exchanger 4; the cold source of the cold plate heat exchanger 4 is from the cooling water of the water tank 1, the cooling water is conveyed to each cold plate heat exchanger 4 through the water tank 1 by the circulating pump 3, after the waste heat is taken away, the cooling water enters the shell heat exchanger 10, and then is evenly distributed to each independent spiral channel, heat exchange is carried out with external seawater in a convection heat exchange mode, and after the cooling water is cooled down, the cooling water finally returns to the water tank 1 to form a closed cycle.
Claims (6)
1. A direct exhaust system of thermoelectric conversion waste heat of a heat pipe nuclear reactor is characterized in that: the device comprises a water tank (1), wherein the outlet of the water tank (1) is communicated with the inlets of a plurality of cold plate heat exchangers (4) through pipelines, an electric regulating valve (2) and a circulating pump (3) are arranged on the pipelines, the outlets of the plurality of cold plate heat exchangers (4) are communicated with the inlet of a shell heat exchanger (10) through pipelines, the outlet of the shell heat exchanger (10) is communicated with the inlet of the water tank (1), and the shell heat exchanger (10) is arranged in sea water; a heat conduction base (5) and a thermoelectric generation module (6) are arranged between adjacent cold plate heat exchangers (4), one end of a heat pipe (7) of a nuclear reactor is inserted into the heat conduction base (5), and a fuel rod (8) is arranged between the other ends of the heat pipes (7);
the shell heat exchanger (10) and the submarine shell are integrally designed;
the shell heat exchanger (10) adopts an inner shell and an outer shell, and a plurality of groups of parallel spiral channels are arranged in the shell.
2. The direct exhaust system for thermoelectric conversion waste heat of a heat pipe nuclear reactor according to claim 1, wherein: the cold plate heat exchanger (4), the heat conduction base (5) and the thermoelectric generation module (6) are mutually staggered to form a stacked structure similar to a sandwich.
3. The direct exhaust system for thermoelectric conversion waste heat of a heat pipe nuclear reactor according to claim 1, wherein: the internal flow channel structure of the cold plate heat exchanger (4) is in the form of a single channel, a parallel channel or a Z-shaped channel, cooling water enters from an inlet at one end, and flows out from the other end after heat is taken away.
4. The direct exhaust system for thermoelectric conversion waste heat of a heat pipe nuclear reactor according to claim 1, wherein: the number of the spiral channels of the shell heat exchanger (10) and the number of the cold plate heat exchangers (4) are adjusted according to actual needs.
5. The direct exhaust system for thermoelectric conversion waste heat of a heat pipe nuclear reactor according to claim 1, wherein: the other end of the heat pipe (7) and a fuel rod (8) between the heat pipe and the heat pipe are coated by a shielding layer (9).
6. The method for operating a direct exhaust system for thermoelectric conversion waste heat of a heat pipe nuclear reactor according to any one of claims 1 to 5, characterized in that: the heat generated by the fuel rod (8) is led out by the heat pipe (7), and then is subjected to thermoelectric conversion by the thermoelectric generation module (6), so that part of the heat is converted into electric energy, and the heat which is not utilized is discharged by the cold plate heat exchanger (4); the cold source of the cold plate heat exchanger (4) is from the cooling water of the water tank (1), the cooling water is conveyed to each cold plate heat exchanger (4) through the water tank (1) through the circulating pump (3), after the waste heat is taken away, the cooling water enters the shell heat exchanger (10), then the cooling water is evenly distributed to each independent spiral channel, heat exchange is carried out between the cooling water and the outside seawater through a convection heat exchange mode, and after the cooling water is cooled down, the cooling water finally returns to the water tank (1) to form a closed cycle.
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| CN202011413902.XA CN112542255B (en) | 2020-12-07 | 2020-12-07 | Direct discharging system for thermoelectric conversion waste heat of heat pipe nuclear reactor and working method |
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| CN113345610A (en) * | 2021-05-08 | 2021-09-03 | 中国舰船研究设计中心 | Passive residual heat removal system of heat pipe reactor and control method thereof |
| CN113314240B (en) * | 2021-05-21 | 2022-10-28 | 西安交通大学 | Space stack thermal management system and working method |
| CN113380434B (en) * | 2021-05-31 | 2023-10-24 | 西安交通大学 | Passive waste heat discharging system of coupling heat pipe technology |
| CN113628769B (en) * | 2021-07-05 | 2023-11-24 | 中国核电工程有限公司 | Compact efficient heat exchange equipment for nuclear power plant |
| CN116072318B (en) * | 2023-01-18 | 2024-01-23 | 哈尔滨工程大学 | Multi-loop brayton cycle energy conversion system for heat pipe stacks and method of operation |
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| CN108983112B (en) * | 2018-04-27 | 2020-02-07 | 西安交通大学 | Small-size nuclear power supply integration test device |
| CN109599194A (en) * | 2018-12-26 | 2019-04-09 | 西安交通大学 | A kind of silence formula nuclear reactor for space ground experiment device |
| CN110310751A (en) * | 2019-06-29 | 2019-10-08 | 西安交通大学 | A kind of nuclear reactor power supply of the two-way insertion reactor core of heat pipe |
| CN110634580B (en) * | 2019-09-26 | 2022-05-13 | 哈尔滨工程大学 | Heat pipe type deep sea application nuclear reactor system |
| CN110729067A (en) * | 2019-10-31 | 2020-01-24 | 哈尔滨工程大学 | Nuclear power supply system for underwater unmanned submersible vehicle |
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