CN109441582B - Compact supercritical carbon dioxide circulating energy supply system for recompression circulation of small sodium stack - Google Patents
Compact supercritical carbon dioxide circulating energy supply system for recompression circulation of small sodium stack Download PDFInfo
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- CN109441582B CN109441582B CN201910027037.6A CN201910027037A CN109441582B CN 109441582 B CN109441582 B CN 109441582B CN 201910027037 A CN201910027037 A CN 201910027037A CN 109441582 B CN109441582 B CN 109441582B
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F01—MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; ENGINE PLANTS IN GENERAL; STEAM ENGINES
- F01K—STEAM ENGINE PLANTS; STEAM ACCUMULATORS; ENGINE PLANTS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; ENGINES USING SPECIAL WORKING FLUIDS OR CYCLES
- F01K27/00—Plants for converting heat or fluid energy into mechanical energy, not otherwise provided for
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F01—MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; ENGINE PLANTS IN GENERAL; STEAM ENGINES
- F01D—NON-POSITIVE DISPLACEMENT MACHINES OR ENGINES, e.g. STEAM TURBINES
- F01D15/00—Adaptations of machines or engines for special use; Combinations of engines with devices driven thereby
- F01D15/08—Adaptations for driving, or combinations with, pumps
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F01—MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; ENGINE PLANTS IN GENERAL; STEAM ENGINES
- F01D—NON-POSITIVE DISPLACEMENT MACHINES OR ENGINES, e.g. STEAM TURBINES
- F01D15/00—Adaptations of machines or engines for special use; Combinations of engines with devices driven thereby
- F01D15/10—Adaptations for driving, or combinations with, electric generators
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F01—MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; ENGINE PLANTS IN GENERAL; STEAM ENGINES
- F01K—STEAM ENGINE PLANTS; STEAM ACCUMULATORS; ENGINE PLANTS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; ENGINES USING SPECIAL WORKING FLUIDS OR CYCLES
- F01K17/00—Using steam or condensate extracted or exhausted from steam engine plant
- F01K17/02—Using steam or condensate extracted or exhausted from steam engine plant for heating purposes, e.g. industrial, domestic
- F01K17/025—Using steam or condensate extracted or exhausted from steam engine plant for heating purposes, e.g. industrial, domestic in combination with at least one gas turbine, e.g. a combustion gas turbine
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F01—MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; ENGINE PLANTS IN GENERAL; STEAM ENGINES
- F01K—STEAM ENGINE PLANTS; STEAM ACCUMULATORS; ENGINE PLANTS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; ENGINES USING SPECIAL WORKING FLUIDS OR CYCLES
- F01K25/00—Plants or engines characterised by use of special working fluids, not otherwise provided for; Plants operating in closed cycles and not otherwise provided for
- F01K25/08—Plants or engines characterised by use of special working fluids, not otherwise provided for; Plants operating in closed cycles and not otherwise provided for using special vapours
- F01K25/10—Plants or engines characterised by use of special working fluids, not otherwise provided for; Plants operating in closed cycles and not otherwise provided for using special vapours the vapours being cold, e.g. ammonia, carbon dioxide, ether
- F01K25/103—Carbon dioxide
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F01—MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; ENGINE PLANTS IN GENERAL; STEAM ENGINES
- F01K—STEAM ENGINE PLANTS; STEAM ACCUMULATORS; ENGINE PLANTS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; ENGINES USING SPECIAL WORKING FLUIDS OR CYCLES
- F01K7/00—Steam engine plants characterised by the use of specific types of engine; Plants or engines characterised by their use of special steam systems, cycles or processes; Control means specially adapted for such systems, cycles or processes; Use of withdrawn or exhaust steam for feed-water heating
- F01K7/32—Steam engine plants characterised by the use of specific types of engine; Plants or engines characterised by their use of special steam systems, cycles or processes; Control means specially adapted for such systems, cycles or processes; Use of withdrawn or exhaust steam for feed-water heating the engines using steam of critical or overcritical pressure
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Abstract
A recompression circulating compact supercritical carbon dioxide circulating energy supply system of a small sodium reactor belongs to the technical field of distributed energy sources. The invention aims to solve the problems that the existing energy island is large in volume, weight and auxiliary machine quantity and is not suitable for miniaturized scenes. The invention comprises a first loop for providing a heat source, a second loop for transferring heat, a third loop for converting heat energy into electric energy and a fourth loop for a heat supply pipe network, wherein the first loop and the second loop exchange heat through a sodium-sodium heat exchanger, the second loop and the third loop exchange heat through a sodium-carbon dioxide heat exchanger and realize power supply, the third loop is connected with a low-temperature heat regenerator, and the third loop and the fourth loop exchange heat through the low-temperature heat regenerator and realize heat supply; the third circuit is provided with a turbine, a generator and a main compressor of the fourth circuit coaxially arranged. The invention has compact structure, is more beneficial to being applied to places with narrow space and is more beneficial to realizing integration.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to a circulating energy supply system realized by supercritical carbon dioxide circulation, and belongs to the technical field of distributed energy sources.
Background
The sodium-cooled fast reactor in the new generation of nuclear power is a key development reactor type with reliability through experimental verification. At present, a conventional island of a sodium-cooled fast reactor mainly adopts a steam-water working medium, but the thermodynamic cycle efficiency is lower due to the lower steam temperature (about 480 ℃). In addition, sodium-water reactions produce sodium hydroxide, a highly corrosive substance, and hydrogen, an explosive gas, which affects the safety of the nuclear reactor. The conventional island steam turbine adopting the steam-water working medium has huge volume, weight and auxiliary machine quantity, and is unfavorable for miniaturization and light weight of the system. The small pile is suitable for the scenes of ship power, movable energy islands, frontier defense, sea defense and the like. The power load is greatly changed in the isolated network operation in general; and meanwhile, certain requirements on volume, weight and system complexity are met. Therefore, the current small stacks are generally low in efficiency and have a large lifting space.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to solve the problems that the existing energy island is huge in volume, weight and auxiliary machines and is not suitable for miniaturized scenes, and further provides a recompression circulation compact supercritical carbon dioxide circulation energy supply system of a small sodium pile.
The technical scheme of the invention is as follows:
the recompression circulation compact supercritical carbon dioxide circulation energy supply system of the small sodium stack comprises a first loop for providing a heat source, a second loop for transferring heat, a third loop for converting heat energy into electric energy and a fourth loop for a heat supply pipe network, wherein the circulation working mediums of the first loop and the second loop are sodium, the circulation working mediums of the third loop and the fourth loop are carbon dioxide, the heat exchange is carried out between the first loop and the second loop through a sodium-sodium heat exchanger, the heat exchange is carried out between the second loop and the third loop through a sodium-carbon dioxide heat exchanger, the power supply is realized, the third loop is connected with a low-temperature heat regenerator, and the third loop and the fourth loop carry out heat exchange through the low-temperature heat regenerator and realize the heat supply;
the first loop is a sodium-cooled fast reactor inner loop heating system loop, a turbine and a generator connected with the turbine are arranged on the third loop, a cooler and a main compressor are arranged on the fourth loop, a hot end outlet of the sodium-carbon dioxide heat exchanger is connected with an inlet of the turbine, an outlet of the turbine is connected with a hot end inlet of the low-temperature heat regenerator, a cold end outlet of the low-temperature heat regenerator is connected with a cold end inlet of the sodium-carbon dioxide heat exchanger, a hot end outlet of the low-temperature heat regenerator is communicated with an inlet of the cooler, an outlet of the cooler is connected with an inlet of the main compressor, an outlet of the main compressor is communicated with a cold end inlet of the low-temperature heat regenerator, and the cooler is connected with a heating pipe network interface;
the turbine, the generator and the main compressor are coaxially arranged, the turbine does work for the generator to realize power generation, and the turbine drives the main compressor to operate.
Preferably: the third loop is also provided with a high-temperature heat regenerator, an outlet of the turbine is communicated with a hot end inlet of the high-temperature heat regenerator, a hot end outlet of the high-temperature heat regenerator is communicated with a hot end inlet of the low-temperature heat regenerator, a hot end outlet of the low-temperature heat regenerator is communicated with an inlet end of a fourth loop, an outlet end of the fourth loop is communicated with a cold end inlet of the low-temperature heat regenerator, a cold end outlet of the low-temperature heat regenerator is communicated with a cold end inlet of the high-temperature heat regenerator, and a cold end outlet of the high-temperature heat regenerator is communicated with a cold end inlet of the sodium-carbon dioxide heat exchanger.
Preferably: the four loops are provided with a recompression machine in parallel, the recompression machine is coaxially arranged with the turbine, the generator and the main compressor, the four loops are also provided with a diverter and a combiner, a hot end outlet of the low-temperature heat regenerator is connected with a diverter inlet, one end of two branches of the diverter is connected with a cooler, a cooler outlet is connected with a main compressor inlet, a main compressor outlet is connected with a cold end inlet of the low-temperature heat regenerator, the other end of the two branches of the diverter is connected with the recompression machine inlet, and an outlet of the recompression machine is communicated with a cold end inlet of the high-temperature heat regenerator after being combined with a cold end of the low-temperature heat regenerator through the combiner.
Preferably: and the cooler is communicated with the heat supply pipe network interface to realize heat supply.
The invention has the following beneficial effects:
1. according to the characteristics of the sodium-cooled fast reactor, a supercritical carbon dioxide working medium is adopted to match with the sodium-cooled fast reactor, and a simple-recompression compact supercritical carbon dioxide energy supply system is designed by combining with the switchable cogeneration application background of a small nuclear reactor, so that the cycle efficiency of a pure power generation system can reach 37%; the heat and power combined supply can be realized, the cycle power generation efficiency is 33%, hot water at 85 ℃ and 0.8MPa is provided, and the heat power accounts for 50% of the heat source power of the heat power loop. The method comprises the steps of carrying out a first treatment on the surface of the
2. The rotary machinery is coaxially arranged, so that the process of providing low grade energy (mechanical work) by using high grade energy (electric power) is avoided; the volume of the thermal conversion device is greatly reduced by 50% -80%, so that the thermal conversion device is more beneficial to being applied to places with narrow spaces and is more beneficial to realizing integration;
3. the compact supercritical carbon dioxide circulating energy supply system of the recompression circulation of the small sodium pile takes carbon dioxide as a working medium and is always in a supercritical state in circulation, and the working medium has high energy flow density and strong heat carrying capacity, so that the volume of main equipment is obviously reduced compared with that of water-steam circulation, and meanwhile, the system can save water or be used in areas with water resource deficiency.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a diagram of the connection of a compact supercritical carbon dioxide cycle energy supply system for the recompression cycle of a small sodium stack;
in the figure, a first loop, a second loop, a third loop, a fourth loop, a 10-sodium cooled fast reactor core, an 11-sodium heat exchanger, a 12-sodium-carbon dioxide heat exchanger, a 13-low temperature heat regenerator, a 14-high temperature heat regenerator, a 15-cooler, a 21-turbine, a 22-main compressor, a 23-recompressor, a 31-generator, a 41-shunt, a 42-confluence device and a 51-heating pipe network interface are arranged.
Detailed Description
The first embodiment is as follows: referring to fig. 1, a recompression circulating compact supercritical carbon dioxide circulating energy supply system of a small sodium stack of the present embodiment is described, which includes a first loop 1 for providing a heat source, a second loop 2 for transferring heat, a third loop 3 for converting heat energy into electric energy, and a fourth loop 4 for a heat supply network, wherein a circulating medium of the first loop 1 and the second loop 2 is sodium, a circulating medium of the third loop 3 and the fourth loop is carbon dioxide, heat exchange is performed between the first loop 1 and the second loop 2 through a sodium-sodium heat exchanger 11, heat exchange is performed between the second loop 2 and the third loop 3 through a sodium-carbon dioxide heat exchanger 12, power supply is realized, a low temperature regenerator 13 is connected to the third loop 3, and heat exchange is performed between the third loop 3 and the fourth loop 4 through the low temperature regenerator 13, and heat supply is realized;
the first loop 1 is a sodium-cooled fast reactor inner loop heat supply system loop, the third loop 3 is provided with a turbine 21 and a generator 31 connected with the turbine 21, the fourth loop 4 is provided with a cooler 15 and a main compressor 22, a hot end outlet of the sodium-carbon dioxide heat exchanger 12 is connected with an inlet of the turbine 21, an outlet of the turbine 21 is connected with a hot end inlet of the low-temperature heat regenerator 13, a cold end outlet of the low-temperature heat regenerator 13 is connected with a cold end inlet of the sodium-carbon dioxide heat exchanger 12, a hot end outlet of the low-temperature heat regenerator 13 is communicated with an inlet of the cooler 15, an outlet of the cooler 15 is connected with an inlet of the main compressor 22, an outlet of the main compressor 22 is communicated with a cold end inlet of the low-temperature heat regenerator 13, and the cooler 15 is connected with a heat supply pipe network interface 51;
the turbine 21, the generator 31 and the main compressor 22 are coaxially arranged, the turbine 21 works for the generator 31 to realize power generation, and the turbine 21 drives the main compressor 22 to operate.
The supercritical carbon dioxide Brayton cycle power generation is adopted as a potential novel power generation cycle mode, and is mainly characterized in that carbon dioxide is used as a working medium and is always in a supercritical state in the cycle, the energy flow density of the working medium is high, the heat carrying capacity is high, the volume of main equipment of the whole cogeneration system which uses the supercritical carbon dioxide as the cycle working medium is obviously reduced compared with that of water-steam cycle, and meanwhile, the system can save water or be used in areas with lack of water resources.
The second embodiment is as follows: referring to fig. 1, the compact supercritical carbon dioxide recycling energy supply system for the recompression cycle of the small sodium stack in this embodiment is described, a high-temperature regenerator 14 is further disposed on the third circuit 3, an outlet of the turbine 21 is connected to a hot side inlet of the high-temperature regenerator 14, a hot side outlet of the high-temperature regenerator 14 is connected to a hot side inlet of the low-temperature regenerator 13, a hot side outlet of the low-temperature regenerator 13 is connected to an inlet end of the fourth circuit 4, an outlet end of the fourth circuit 4 is connected to a cold side inlet of the low-temperature regenerator 13, a cold side outlet of the low-temperature regenerator 13 is connected to a cold side inlet of the high-temperature regenerator 14, and a cold side outlet of the high-temperature regenerator 14 is connected to a cold side inlet of the sodium-carbon dioxide heat exchanger 12.
So set up, be provided with high temperature regenerator 14 on third circuit 3, high temperature regenerator 14 can improve the heat exchange efficiency between third circuit 3 and the fourth circuit 4, guarantees that the system remains high efficiency during the change of power supply and/or heat supply demand.
And a third specific embodiment: referring to fig. 1, a description is given of the compact supercritical carbon dioxide recycling energy supply system for the recompression circulation of the small sodium stack in this embodiment, the fourth circuit 4 is provided with a recompression 23 in parallel, the recompression 23 is coaxially arranged with the turbine 21, the generator 31 and the main compressor 22, the fourth circuit 4 is also provided with a splitter 41 and a combiner 42, a hot end outlet of the low-temperature regenerator 13 is connected with an inlet of the splitter 41, one end of two branches of the splitter 41 is connected with the cooler 15, an outlet of the cooler 15 is connected with an inlet of the main compressor 22, an outlet of the main compressor 22 is connected with an inlet of the cold end of the low-temperature regenerator 13, the other end of the two branches of the splitter 41 is connected with an inlet of the recompression 23, and an outlet of the recompression 23 is connected with an inlet of the cold end of the low-temperature regenerator 13 after being combined through the combiner 42 and then is connected with an inlet of the cold end of the high-temperature regenerator 14. The arrangement of the recompression device 23 in parallel connection with the fourth loop 4 can improve the thermoelectric efficiency of the system, and is characterized in that the circulation efficiency of the carbon dioxide circulation working medium in the third loop 3 communicated with the fourth loop under the action of the recompression device 23 is enhanced, so that the recompression device 23 in parallel connection improves the thermoelectric efficiency of the whole cogeneration system, the recompression device 23 in parallel connection interconnects the third loop 3 and the fourth loop 4 on the whole, the effect achieved by the interconnection is far greater than the effect of only increasing the heat supply circulation efficiency achieved by only adding the serial compressors on the fourth loop, and the parallel connection mode has a more reasonable control system, and can realize independent control of the on-off of the parallel connection line in the cogeneration process, thereby effectively controlling the cogeneration efficiency.
The loop circulation structure can be switched through the heat regenerator, the combiner and the shunt bypass;
when the bypass of the low-temperature heat regenerator 13, the bypass of the combiner 42 and the bypass of the shunt 41 are closed, the third loop only outputs electric energy, the cold end outlet of the sodium-carbon dioxide heat exchanger 12 is connected with the inlet of the turbine 21, the outlet of the turbine 21 is connected with the hot end inlet of the high-temperature heat regenerator 14, the hot end outlet of the high-temperature heat regenerator 14 is connected with the hot end inlet of the low-temperature heat regenerator 13, the hot end outlet of the low-temperature heat regenerator 13 is connected with the inlet of the shunt 41, the outlet A of the shunt 41 is connected with the inlet of the recompression 23, the outlet B of the shunt 41 is connected with the cooler 15, the outlet of the cooler 15 is connected with the inlet of the main compressor 22, the outlet of the main compressor 22 is connected with the cold end inlet of the low-temperature heat regenerator 13, the cold end outlet of the low-temperature heat regenerator 14 is connected with the B inlet of the combiner 42, the outlet of the combiner 42 is connected with the cold end inlet of the high-temperature heat regenerator 14, and the cold end outlet of the high-temperature heat regenerator 13 is connected with the cold end inlet of the sodium-carbon dioxide heat exchanger 12.
When the bypass of the low-temperature heat regenerator 13, the bypass of the combiner 42 and the bypass of the shunt 41 are opened, the third loop outputs electric energy and simultaneously starts the fourth loop to supply heat, and the water-cooling working medium of the cooler is used for supplying heat for users; the cold end outlet of the sodium-carbon dioxide heat exchanger 12 is connected with the inlet of the turbine 21, the outlet of the turbine 21 is connected with the hot end inlet of the high-temperature heat regenerator 14, the hot end outlet of the high-temperature heat regenerator 14 is connected with the hot end bypass inlet of the low-temperature heat regenerator 13, the hot end bypass outlet of the low-temperature heat regenerator 13 is connected with the bypass inlet of the diverter 41, the bypass outlet of the diverter 41 is connected with the cooler 15, the outlet of the cooler 15 is connected with the inlet of the main compressor 22, the outlet of the main compressor 22 is connected with the cold end bypass inlet of the low-temperature heat regenerator 14, the cold end bypass outlet of the low-temperature heat regenerator 14 is connected with the bypass inlet of the combiner 42, the bypass outlet of the combiner 42 is connected with the cold end inlet of the high-temperature heat regenerator 13, and the cold end outlet of the high-temperature heat regenerator 13 is connected with the cold end inlet of the sodium-carbon dioxide heat exchanger 12. The outlet of the cooling working medium side of the cooler 15 is connected with the output end of the heat supply pipe network interface 51.
The parallel arrangement of the recompressor 23 on the fourth loop 4 provided by the embodiment is a significant breakthrough of the invention in the cogeneration energy system, and the mode improves the cogeneration efficiency and further improves the energy utilization rate.
To further illustrate that the use of the recompressor 23 to increase cogeneration efficiency is greater than the effect of merely increasing heating cycle efficiency achieved by merely adding a series compressor to the fourth circuit, the following is set forth in detail:
the fourth loop is connected with a recompressor in parallel, at the moment, the circulating working medium output through the hot end outlet of the low-temperature heat regenerator 13 is split by the splitter 41, one part of the circulating working medium is used for heating a heating pipe network, the other part of the circulating working medium enters the sodium-carbon dioxide heat exchanger 12 after passing through the recompressor 23 and the high-temperature heat regenerator 14, the circulating working medium enters the sodium-carbon dioxide heat exchanger 12 for heat exchange again and then is used for turbine 21 to apply work and generate power, at the moment, the power supply of the third loop 3 and the heating efficiency of the fourth loop 4 are both improved, and the power supply and the heating efficiency of the fourth loop 4 are synchronously carried out;
the effect of the parallel recompression 23 is therefore significant.
The specific embodiment IV is as follows: referring to fig. 1, the compact supercritical carbon dioxide circulating energy supply system for the recompression circulation of the small sodium reactor of the present embodiment is described, and the cooler (15) is communicated with the heat supply pipe network interface (51) to realize heat supply.
Fifth embodiment: referring to fig. 1, the embodiment is illustrated, and the recompression circulating compact supercritical carbon dioxide circulating energy supply system of the small sodium pile is provided, and the system provides a small sodium-cooled fast pile energy supply system, adopts a novel circulating working medium to replace a water-steam working medium used on a current test pile, achieves or exceeds the efficiency of the original system, realizes a switchable nuclear pile cogeneration system, and reasonably utilizes the characteristics of the sodium pile and working medium operation parameters to obviously improve the safety of the nuclear pile system.
The embodiment comprises the following steps: the sodium-carbon dioxide heat exchanger 12 realizes the heat transfer from the sodium secondary loop to the conventional island, wherein the sodium secondary loop absorbs heat from the reactor core 10 through the sodium-sodium heat exchanger 11 and transfers the heat to the sodium-carbon dioxide heat exchanger 12 along with sodium working medium, so that the sodium can complete the full heat exchange under the conditions of 0.101MPa, 320-500 ℃ and carbon dioxide under the conditions of 15-25 MPa and 300-480 ℃.
The coaxial structure of the recompression circulation turbine compressor comprises: the structure is characterized in that the turbine is coaxial with two compressors, the turbine drives the compressors to generate electricity at the same time so as to reduce the number of generators and omit a driving motor, the device comprises a turbine 21, a main compressor 22, a recompressor 23, a generator 31, a low-temperature heat regenerator 13, a high-temperature heat regenerator 14, a cooler 15, a flow divider 41 and a confluence device 42, a cold end outlet of the sodium-carbon dioxide heat exchanger 12 is connected with an inlet of the turbine 21, an outlet of the turbine 21 is connected with a hot end inlet of the high-temperature heat regenerator 14, a hot end outlet of the high-temperature heat regenerator 14 is connected with a hot end inlet of the low-temperature heat regenerator 13, a hot end outlet of the low-temperature heat regenerator 13 is connected with a hot end inlet of the flow divider 41, an outlet A of the flow divider 41 is connected with an inlet of the recompression device, the outlet B of the flow divider 41 is connected with the inlet of the cooler 15, the cooling water of the cooler 15 is externally connected with a heat supply device 51, the outlet of the cooler 15 is connected with the inlet of the main compressor 22, the outlet of the main compressor 22 is connected with the cold end inlet of the low-temperature heat regenerator 13, the cold end outlet of the low-temperature heat regenerator 13 is connected with the inlet B of the converging device 42, the outlet of the compressor 23 is connected with the inlet A of the converging device 42, the outlet of the converging device 42 is connected with the cold end inlet of the high-temperature heat regenerator 14, the cold end outlet of the high-temperature heat regenerator 14 is connected with the cold end inlet of the sodium-carbon dioxide heat exchanger 12, the turbine 21, the generator, the main compressor 22 and the recompressor 23 are required to be coaxially designed in the system, and the speed reducers are adopted for connection among the devices. The system is characterized in that the recompression circulation is switched into the simple regenerative circulation through a device bypass, a turbine is coaxial with a main compressor, the turbine drives the compressor to generate power at the same time, and a water-cooling working medium of a cooler is used for user heat supply.
In this embodiment, the sodium-carbon dioxide heat exchanger 12 has a sodium side pressure of normal pressure, i.e., one atmosphere, and a carbon dioxide side pressure of about 15 to 25MPa, so that the leakage of sodium in the second circuit due to the breakage of the heat exchanger channel can be effectively blocked. Moreover, the contact reaction of carbon dioxide and sodium is slow, and products are adhered to the contact surface, so that the risk of exacerbating the accident degree is avoided, and the safety of the nuclear reactor system is obviously improved.
The sodium-carbon dioxide heat exchanger 12 in the embodiment adopts a micro-channel heat exchanger, the micro-channel heat exchanger achieves the performance that the end difference is less than 20 ℃, meanwhile, the size of the heat exchanger is twenty times of that of a shell-and-tube heat exchanger, and the heat exchanger has corrosion resistance and compression resistance under the conditions of high temperature (300-480 ℃) and high pressure (15-25 MPa) of industrial-grade carbon dioxide, and has corrosion resistance and compression resistance under the conditions of 0.101MPa and 320-500 ℃ of a two-loop sodium working medium.
In the embodiment, the low-temperature heat regenerator 13 and the high-temperature heat regenerator 14 adopt micro-channel heat exchangers, the micro-channel heat exchangers reach the performance that the end difference is less than 10 ℃, and meanwhile, the size of the heat exchangers is twenty times that of the shell-and-tube heat exchangers, and the heat exchangers have corrosion resistance and compression resistance under the condition of high pressure (15 MPa-25 MPa) of industrial grade carbon dioxide.
In this embodiment, with the recompression cycle of the recompression 23 enabled, the overall thermodynamic system cycle efficiency can reach 37% if the turbine efficiency reaches 87% and the compressor efficiency reaches 82%.
In the embodiment, under the condition of simple circulation starting, the heat and electricity combined supply can be realized, the circulation power generation efficiency is 33%, hot water with the temperature of 85 ℃ and the pressure of 0.8MPa is provided, and the heat power of the hot water accounts for 50% of the heat source power of a heat power loop.
In the scheme, the turbine 21, the generator 31, the main compressor 22 and the recompression 23 are coaxially arranged, so that the process of providing low grade energy (mechanical work) by using high grade energy (electric power) is avoided, the volume of the thermal conversion device is greatly reduced by 50% -80%, the thermal conversion device is more beneficial to being applied to places with narrow spaces, and the integration is more beneficial to being realized.
The present embodiment is only exemplary of the present patent, and does not limit the scope of protection thereof, and those skilled in the art may also change the part thereof, so long as the spirit of the present patent is not exceeded, and the present patent is within the scope of protection thereof.
Claims (4)
1. The recompression circulating compact supercritical carbon dioxide circulating energy supply system of the small sodium stack is characterized in that: the heat supply system comprises a first loop (1) for providing a heat source, a second loop (2) for transferring heat, a third loop (3) for converting heat energy into electric energy and a fourth loop (4) for a heat supply pipe network, wherein the circulating working media of the first loop (1) and the second loop (2) are sodium, the circulating working media of the third loop (3) and the fourth loop are carbon dioxide, the heat exchange is carried out between the first loop (1) and the second loop (2) through a sodium-sodium heat exchanger (11), the heat exchange is carried out between the second loop (2) and the third loop (3) through a sodium-carbon dioxide heat exchanger (12), the power supply is realized, the third loop (3) is connected with a low-temperature heat regenerator (13), and the heat exchange is carried out between the third loop (3) and the fourth loop (4) through the low-temperature heat regenerator (13), and the heat supply is realized;
the first loop (1) is a sodium-cooled fast reactor inner loop heating system loop, a turbine (21) and a generator (31) connected with the turbine (21) are arranged on the third loop (3), a cooler (15) and a main compressor (22) are arranged on the fourth loop (4), a hot end outlet of the sodium-carbon dioxide heat exchanger (12) is connected with an inlet of the turbine (21), an outlet of the turbine (21) is connected with a hot end inlet of the low-temperature heat regenerator (13), a cold end outlet of the low-temperature heat regenerator (13) is connected with a cold end inlet of the sodium-carbon dioxide heat exchanger (12), a hot end outlet of the low-temperature heat regenerator (13) is connected with an inlet of the cooler (15), an outlet of the cooler (15) is connected with an inlet of the main compressor (22), an outlet of the main compressor (22) is connected with a cold end inlet of the low-temperature heat regenerator (13), and the cooler (15) is connected with a heating pipe network interface (51);
the turbine (21), the generator (31) and the main compressor (22) are coaxially arranged, the turbine (21) does work for the generator (31) to realize power generation, and the turbine (21) drives the main compressor (22) to operate.
2. The compact supercritical carbon dioxide cycle energy supply system for a recompression cycle of a small sodium stack as set forth in claim 1 wherein: the third loop (3) is also provided with a high-temperature heat regenerator (14), an outlet of the turbine (21) is communicated with a hot end inlet of the high-temperature heat regenerator (14), a hot end outlet of the high-temperature heat regenerator (14) is communicated with a hot end inlet of the low-temperature heat regenerator (13), a hot end outlet of the low-temperature heat regenerator (13) is communicated with an inlet end of the fourth loop (4), an outlet end of the fourth loop (4) is communicated with a cold end inlet of the low-temperature heat regenerator (13), a cold end outlet of the low-temperature heat regenerator (13) is communicated with a cold end inlet of the high-temperature heat regenerator (14), and a cold end outlet of the high-temperature heat regenerator (14) is communicated with a cold end inlet of the sodium-carbon dioxide heat exchanger (12).
3. The compact supercritical carbon dioxide cycle energy supply system for a recompression cycle of a small sodium stack as set forth in claim 2 wherein: the four-cycle (4) on parallelly connected be provided with recompression machine (23), recompression machine (23) and turbine (21), generator (31) and main compressor (22) coaxial arrangement still are equipped with shunt (41) and collector (42) on fourth circuit (4), the hot junction export of low temperature regenerator (13) links to each other with shunt (41) entry, links to each other with cooler (15) through one of shunt (41) two branches, cooler (15) export links to each other with main compressor (22) entry, main compressor (22) export links to each other with low temperature regenerator (13) cold junction entry, links to each other with recompression machine (23) entry through the other end in shunt of shunt (41) two branches, the export of recompression machine (23) and cold junction of low temperature regenerator (13) are through the cold junction entry intercommunication of collector (42) after converging with high temperature regenerator (14).
4. A compact supercritical carbon dioxide cycle energy supply system for a recompression cycle of a small sodium stack as set forth in claim 3 wherein: the cooler (15) is communicated with the heat supply pipe network interface (51) to realize heat supply.
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