WO2020052685A1 - 抑制火电机组次同步振荡的方法及系统 - Google Patents

抑制火电机组次同步振荡的方法及系统 Download PDF

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Publication number
WO2020052685A1
WO2020052685A1 PCT/CN2019/105937 CN2019105937W WO2020052685A1 WO 2020052685 A1 WO2020052685 A1 WO 2020052685A1 CN 2019105937 W CN2019105937 W CN 2019105937W WO 2020052685 A1 WO2020052685 A1 WO 2020052685A1
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Prior art keywords
sedc
svc
phase
torsional vibration
sub
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PCT/CN2019/105937
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English (en)
French (fr)
Inventor
马雪
杜宁
张祥成
宋瑞华
田旭
姜红利
李楠
周佩朋
陶昕
杨大业
彭飞
刘飞
陈雪
侯胜林
梁国勇
车琰瑛
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China Electric Power Research Institute Co Ltd CEPRI
State Grid Qinghai Electric Power Co Ltd
Economic and Technological Research Institute of State Grid Qianghai Electric Power Co Ltd
State Grid Corp of China SGCC
Original Assignee
China Electric Power Research Institute Co Ltd CEPRI
State Grid Qinghai Electric Power Co Ltd
Economic and Technological Research Institute of State Grid Qianghai Electric Power Co Ltd
State Grid Corp of China SGCC
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Publication of WO2020052685A1 publication Critical patent/WO2020052685A1/zh
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    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
    • H02J—ELECTRIC POWER NETWORKS; CIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS OR SYSTEMS FOR SUPPLYING OR DISTRIBUTING ELECTRIC POWER; SYSTEMS FOR STORING ELECTRIC ENERGY
    • H02J3/00—Circuit arrangements for AC mains or AC distribution networks
    • H02J3/001—Arrangements for handling faults or abnormalities, e.g. emergencies or contingencies
    • H02J3/0014—Arrangements for handling faults or abnormalities, e.g. emergencies or contingencies for preventing or reducing power oscillations in networks
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
    • H02J—ELECTRIC POWER NETWORKS; CIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS OR SYSTEMS FOR SUPPLYING OR DISTRIBUTING ELECTRIC POWER; SYSTEMS FOR STORING ELECTRIC ENERGY
    • H02J3/00—Circuit arrangements for AC mains or AC distribution networks
    • H02J3/18—Arrangements for adjusting, eliminating or compensating reactive power in networks
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
    • Y02E40/00—Technologies for an efficient electrical power generation, transmission or distribution
    • Y02E40/10—Flexible AC transmission systems [FACTS]

Definitions

  • the present application relates to the technical field of sub-synchronous oscillation suppression of a generator set, for example, to a method and system for suppressing sub-synchronous oscillation of a thermal power unit.
  • Sub-synchronous oscillation is a sub-synchronous frequency electromechanical coupling oscillation phenomenon between the electrical system and the turbo-generator rotor mechanical system, which will cause continuous or even increased torsional oscillation of the rotor shaft system of the generator set, resulting in shaft system fatigue loss, serious conditions The accident caused damage to the unit's shafting. If the problem of sub-synchronous oscillation cannot be properly solved, it will pose a threat to the generator set equipment and directly affect the safe and stable operation of the power system and equipment; on the other hand, the series compensation or high-voltage DC transmission system cannot be completely caused by sub-synchronous oscillation. Commissioning will greatly restrict the transmission capacity of the line and cause serious economic losses.
  • Common sub-synchronous oscillation measures can be divided into active suppression measures and passive suppression measures; and for active suppression measures, according to the installation location of the suppression equipment, they can be divided into two categories.
  • the more common suppression measures include additional excitation damping controller (Supplementary Excitation Controller, SEDC), static reactive power compensator (Static Var Compensator, SVC) and so on.
  • SEDC is a damping controller installed on the excitation controller of the generator set. When the controller detects the torsional vibration of the generator set shaft system, it adjusts the excitation system of the generator according to a certain control strategy to reduce the sub-synchronous oscillation of the system.
  • SEDC is installed in the generator excitation system, it is limited by the capacity of the excitation system and the suppression effect is limited.
  • SVC is a mature flexible alternating current transmission system (FACTS) device, which can be installed at the high-voltage assembly bus of a power plant. Because the FACTS device has flexible and fast adjustment capabilities, when a sub-synchronous oscillation is detected in the system, its own equivalent impedance is quickly changed through a certain control strategy to increase the damping of the sub-synchronous oscillation. However, FACTS devices are more expensive as primary equipment.
  • FACTS alternating current transmission system
  • the technical solution of the present application provides a method and a system for suppressing the sub-synchronous oscillation of a thermal power unit to solve the problem of how to suppress the sub-synchronous oscillation of a thermal power unit.
  • the present application provides a method for suppressing sub-synchronous oscillation of a thermal power plant.
  • the method includes:
  • the generator rotation speed deviation signal ⁇ is used as an input signal of a Subsynchronous Resonance Damping Controller (SSRDC), where ⁇ includes information on the component of the generator system shafting torsional vibration mode; and the SSRDC is controlled to obtain according to ⁇
  • the SVC triggers the angular increment ⁇ to adjust the electromagnetic torque increments ⁇ T e corresponding to the multiple shafting torsional vibration frequencies output by the generator set; the SVC is controlled so that the ⁇ T e corresponding to the multiple shafting torsional vibration frequencies are the same as ⁇ Phase to suppress the sub-synchronous oscillation of the unit;
  • the detected torsional vibration signal of the shaft system is phase-shifted and amplified by the SEDC, and the phase-shifted and amplified shaft-system torsional vibration signal is superimposed on the
  • the control signal of the excitation regulator of the generator set is described to suppress the sub-synchronous oscillation of the generator set.
  • the phase characteristic of the transfer function G (s) between the ⁇ and ⁇ T e corresponding to the torsional vibration frequencies of the plurality of shaft systems is obtained through the SSRDC; the damping controller C of the SSRDC (s) Compensate for the phase lag of G (s), so that ⁇ T e corresponding to the torsional vibration frequencies of the plurality of shaft systems are all in phase with ⁇ .
  • a test signal method is used to obtain an additional voltage reference signal ⁇ U SEDC of the excitation system of the generator set corresponding to the multiple torsional vibration frequencies of the shaft system.
  • the SSRDC is extended to a Multichannel Subsynchronous Resonance Damping Controller (MSSRDC).
  • MSSRDC uses multiple modal control channels, and the multiple modal control channels are independent of each other.
  • the multiple channels of the multiple modal control channels use a band-pass filter to filter multiple modal components, respectively, and perform amplification and phase compensation; and add the angular signal triggers triggered by the multiple channels.
  • the trigger unit sent to the SVC then completes the trigger, and the ⁇ is obtained through the SVC trigger unit.
  • the SEDC when the SVC needs to be repaired, the SEDC is used to suppress sub-synchronous oscillation.
  • the SVC is used as the primary suppression measure
  • the SEDC is used as the secondary suppression measure
  • the present application also provides a system for suppressing sub-synchronous oscillation of a thermal power plant, the system includes:
  • the first suppression unit is configured to use a generator speed deviation signal ⁇ as an input signal of the SSRDC, where ⁇ includes information of a generator set shafting torsional vibration mode component; and control the SSRDC to obtain the SVC trigger angle according to ⁇ Increase ⁇ to adjust the ⁇ T e corresponding to multiple shafting torsional vibration frequencies output by the generator set; control the SVC so that ⁇ T e corresponding to the multiple shafting torsional vibration frequencies are in phase with ⁇ to suppress the unit's sub-synchronous oscillation ;
  • the second suppression unit is configured to phase-shift and amplify the detected shafting torsional vibration signal through the SEDC when the shafting torsional vibration of the generator set is detected by the SEDC.
  • the rear shafting torsional vibration signal is superimposed on the control signal of the excitation regulator of the generator set to suppress the sub-synchronous oscillation of the unit.
  • the first suppression unit is configured to obtain the phase characteristic of the transfer function G (s) between the ⁇ and ⁇ T e corresponding to the torsional vibration frequencies of the plurality of shaft systems through the SSRDC;
  • the damping controller C (s) of the SSRDC compensates for the phase lag of G (s), so that ⁇ T e corresponding to the torsional vibration frequencies of the multiple shaft systems are in phase with ⁇ .
  • the second suppression unit is further configured to obtain an additional voltage reference signal ⁇ U SEDC of the excitation system of the generator set and the plurality of shafts by using a test signal method when the input signal of the SEDC is the ⁇ . It is a phase relationship between ⁇ T e corresponding to the torsional vibration frequency; by adjusting parameters of the lead lag link of the SEDC , the phase between ⁇ and ⁇ U SEDC is the same or the phase difference is less than or equal to 90 degrees.
  • the first suppression unit is configured to control the SSRDC to obtain the SVC trigger angle increment ⁇ according to ⁇ as follows: the SSRDC is expanded to MSSRDC, and the MSSRDC adopts multiple modal controls Channel, the multiple modal control channels are independent of each other; controlling multiple channels in the multiple modal control channels to filter the multiple modal components with a bandpass filter, and perform amplification and phase compensation respectively Adding the trigger angle signal increments of the multiple channels to the trigger unit of the SVC, and obtaining the ⁇ through the trigger unit of the SVC.
  • system further includes a third suppression unit, and the third suppression unit is configured to use the SEDC to suppress sub-synchronous oscillation when the SVC needs to be repaired.
  • the SVC is used as the primary suppression measure
  • the SEDC is used as the secondary suppression measure
  • FIG. 1 is a flowchart of a method for suppressing sub-synchronous oscillation of a thermal power unit according to an embodiment of the present application
  • FIG. 2 is a wiring diagram of a SVC + SEDC subsynchronous oscillation suppression method according to an embodiment of the present application
  • FIG. 3 is a schematic diagram of a SVC for suppressing subsynchronous oscillation according to an embodiment of the present application
  • FIG. 4 is a schematic diagram of an MSSRDC controller according to an embodiment of the present application.
  • FIG. 5 is a schematic diagram of a basic structure of a SEDC according to an embodiment of the present application.
  • FIG. 6 is a structural diagram of a system for suppressing subsynchronous oscillation of a thermal power unit according to an embodiment of the present application
  • FIG. 7 is a schematic diagram of electrical damping of a generator set using SEDC alone, SVC alone, and SVC and SEDC according to an embodiment of the present application;
  • FIG. 8 is a structural diagram of another system for suppressing sub-synchronous oscillation of a thermal power unit according to an embodiment of the present application.
  • FIG. 1 is a flowchart of a method for suppressing subsynchronous oscillation of a thermal power unit according to an embodiment of the present application.
  • This method uses the control device of the SVC and generator excitation system in the related art, and realizes the sub-synchronous oscillation damping control by adding a damping control module to the controller of the control device.
  • the SVC is connected to the generator set.
  • the SVC is provided in the SVC, and the SEDC is located inside the generator set.
  • This application proposes to use two types of suppression devices-SVC and SEDC to suppress the sub-synchronous oscillation of the generator set. It is expected to have better results in terms of economy and controllability.
  • the relationship between the two controllers is sub-synchronous oscillation suppression.
  • SVC has strong suppression ability and SEDC investment is small.
  • SEDC can be used as a backup, and when the sub-synchronous oscillation occurs, the amplitude of the oscillation can be slowed down and the machine can be delayed.
  • Protect the operation time so as to give the operating personnel more time to adopt the means of adjusting the system operation mode to eliminate the sub-synchronous oscillation of the unit.
  • FIG. 1 is a flowchart of a method for suppressing sub-synchronous oscillation of a thermal power unit according to an embodiment of the present application.
  • the method includes:
  • Step 1010 Establish a suppression controller including SVC and SEDC.
  • the suppression method proposed in this application includes adding an additional damping control link to the generator excitation system, installing SVC on the high-voltage bus side of the power plant, and setting a corresponding additional damping control link.
  • SVC may be referred to as SSRDC when used as a sub-synchronous oscillation suppression.
  • the wiring diagram is shown in Figure 2.
  • Step 1020 Use the generator speed deviation signal ⁇ as the input signal of the SSRDC, where ⁇ contains information of the torsional vibration mode component of the generator set shaft system; SSRDC obtains the SVC trigger angle increment ⁇ according to ⁇ , and fine-tunes the electromagnetic rotation output of the generator set Moment increment ⁇ T e ; Control SVC so that ⁇ T e near the torsional vibration frequency of multiple shaft systems of the generator set are in phase with ⁇ ; ⁇ T e near the torsional vibration frequency of multiple shaft systems of the generator set are in phase with ⁇ In the case of within the range of torsional vibration frequency ⁇ preset frequency of each shafting, SVC provides positive electrical damping to the shafting of the generator set to achieve suppression of sub-synchronous oscillation. In one embodiment, the preset frequency is a frequency within 1 Hz to 2 Hz.
  • the SSRDC first obtains the phase characteristics of the transfer function G (s) from ⁇ to ⁇ T e of the generator set; then, a reasonable damping controller C (s) is designed to compensate for the phase lag of G (s), This makes SVC able to provide electrical damping at the torsional frequency of the shafting of the generator set.
  • the phase relationship between the additional voltage reference signal ⁇ U SEDC of the excitation system of the generator set and the corresponding ⁇ T e is first obtained by using a test signal method;
  • the parameters of SEDC's lead and lag links change the phase relationship between ⁇ and ⁇ U SEDC to achieve the ideal phase characteristics of ⁇ T e and ⁇ , that is, the additional torque ⁇ T e can reduce the vicinity of multiple torsional vibration frequencies of the generator set.
  • Speed deviation when SEDC selects ⁇ as the input signal of SEDC , the phase relationship between the additional voltage reference signal ⁇ U SEDC of the excitation system of the generator set and the corresponding ⁇ T e is first obtained by using a test signal method;
  • the parameters of SEDC's lead and lag links change the phase relationship between ⁇ and ⁇ U SEDC to achieve the ideal phase characteristics of ⁇ T e and ⁇ , that is, the additional torque ⁇ T e can reduce the vicinity of multiple torsional vibration frequencies of the generator set. Speed deviation.
  • SSRDC is extended to MSSRDC.
  • MSSRDC uses multiple modal control channels, and the multiple modal control channels are independent of each other. Multiple channels in the multiple modal control channels use a band-pass filter to separate multiple channels. The modal components are processed, and amplified and phase compensated separately. Finally, the angular signal increments triggered by multiple channels are added to the SVC trigger unit to complete the trigger.
  • ⁇ contains the information of the torsional vibration mode components of the generator set shaft system, which is often used as the input signal of the SSRDC.
  • SSRDC controls ⁇ according to ⁇ , and then fine-tunes ⁇ T e of the output of the generator set. If the SVC can be properly controlled, so that ⁇ T e near the torsional frequency of each shafting of the generator set is in phase with ⁇ , then near each torsional frequency of the shafting, SVC can provide a positive Electrical damping to achieve the purpose of suppressing sub-synchronous oscillation.
  • the key to the design of the SSRDC controller is: first to obtain the phase characteristics of the transfer function G (s) from ⁇ to ⁇ T e of the generator set; then design a reasonable damping controller C (s) to compensate the phase of G (s)
  • the hysteresis enables the SVC to provide a suitable amount of electrical damping at the torsional frequency of the shafting of the generator set.
  • G (s) can be calculated by the test signal method.
  • the single-channel controller shown in FIG. 3 may provide positive damping to one torsional vibration mode, but may provide negative damping to the other torsional vibration mode.
  • SSRDC can be extended to MSSRDC as shown in Figure 4.
  • MSSRDC uses multiple modal control channels and is independent of each other. Multiple channels use band-pass filters to process multiple modal components, and perform amplification and phase compensation respectively. Finally, the angular signal increments triggered by multiple channels are added to the SVC trigger unit to complete the trigger.
  • Step 1030 In the case where the torsional vibration of the shaft system of the generator set is detected by the SEDC, the SEDC phase-shifts and amplifies the detected torsional vibration signal of the shaft system, and superimposes the phase-shifted and amplified shaft torsional vibration signals on the power generation
  • a sub-synchronous frequency component is generated on the excitation voltage
  • a corresponding sub-synchronous frequency current component is generated in the field winding
  • a sub-synchronous frequency torque is added to the generator shaft. It is suitable to reduce the speed deviation near the multiple torsional vibration frequencies of the generator set, and the damping torque can weaken or suppress the sub-synchronous oscillation of the unit.
  • SEDC used for suppressing the sub-synchronous oscillation of the system in this application
  • PSS Power System Stabilizer
  • SEDC appropriately phase-shifts and amplifies the detected torsional vibration signal of the shaft system, and superimposes the phase-shifted and amplified shaft-system torsional vibration signal on the excitation of the generator set
  • a sub-synchronous frequency component is generated on the excitation voltage, so a corresponding sub-synchronous frequency current component can be generated in the field winding.
  • a sub-synchronous frequency torque is added to the generator set shaft system. If the control parameter configuration is appropriate, The damping torque can weaken or suppress the sub-synchronous oscillation of the unit.
  • SEDC design when ⁇ is selected as the input signal of SEDC , the phase relationship between the additional voltage reference signal ⁇ U SEDC of the excitation system of the generator set and the corresponding ⁇ T e is first obtained by using the test signal method. Then, the phase relationship between ⁇ and ⁇ U SEDC is changed by adjusting the parameters of the lead lag of SEDC , so as to finally achieve the ideal phase characteristics of ⁇ T e and ⁇ .
  • the corresponding SEDC basic structure is shown in Figure 5.
  • SEDC when SVC needs maintenance, SEDC is used to suppress sub-synchronous oscillation.
  • SVC is used as the primary suppression measure
  • SEDC is used as the secondary suppression measure
  • the application of two separate suppression measures in this application can effectively improve the sub-synchronous electrical damping of the unit.
  • the unit damping is reflected as the superposition of two separate measures, which shows that there is no mutual adverse effect between the two kinds of suppression measures of SEDC and SVC. Therefore, the two measures are used to suppress the sub-synchronous oscillation jointly. Can play a better effect.
  • the capacity of the SVC can be appropriately reduced, thereby having a better effect on economy.
  • SEDC can be used to suppress it.
  • SEDC When a generator set generates sub-synchronous oscillation due to system disturbance, SEDC can have a certain suppression effect and slow down the oscillation amplitude. , Delay the action of the machine protection, thereby giving the operator more time to take measures to adjust the system operation mode to eliminate unit synchronous oscillation.
  • FIG. 6 is a structural diagram of a system for suppressing sub-synchronous oscillation of a thermal power unit according to an embodiment of the present application.
  • SEDC Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers (Electrical and Electronics) IEEE Sub-Synchronous Oscillation First Standard System
  • SVC is installed at the generator outlet and has a capacity of 10% of the generator.
  • the series compensation of the outgoing line is 50%.
  • FIG. 7 is a schematic diagram of electrical damping of a generator set using SEDC alone, SVC alone, and SVC and SEDC according to an embodiment of the present application. It can be seen from Fig. 7 that the use of two suppression measures alone can effectively improve the sub-synchronous electrical damping of the unit. When two kinds of suppression measures are used at the same time, the unit damping is reflected as the superposition of two separate measures, which shows that there is no mutual adverse effect between the two kinds of suppression measures of SEDC and SVC. Therefore, the two measures are used to suppress the sub-synchronous oscillation jointly. Can play a better effect.
  • FIG. 8 is a structural diagram of another system for suppressing subsynchronous oscillation of a thermal power unit according to an embodiment of the present application.
  • a system 800 for suppressing sub-synchronous oscillation of a thermal power unit includes:
  • the establishing unit 801 is configured to establish a suppression controller including SVC and SEDC.
  • the first suppression unit 802 is configured to use ⁇ as an input signal of the SSRDC, where ⁇ includes information on the torsional vibration mode component of the generator set shaft system; SSRDC obtains the SVC trigger ⁇ according to ⁇ , and fine-tunes the ⁇ T e of the output of the generator set; controls SVC , So that the ⁇ T e near the torsional vibration frequency of multiple shaft systems of the generator set are in phase with ⁇ ; in the case where the ⁇ T e near the torsional vibration frequency of multiple shaft systems of the generator set are in phase with ⁇ , in each axis Within the range of torsional vibration frequency ⁇ preset frequency, SVC provides positive electrical damping to the generator set shafting to achieve suppression of sub-synchronous oscillation. In one embodiment, the preset frequency range is 1 Hz to 2 Hz.
  • the second suppression unit 803 is configured to: when the torsional vibration of the shaft system of the generator set is detected by the SEDC, the SEDC phase-shifts and amplifies the detected shaft-system torsional vibration signal, and The vibration signal is superimposed on the control signal of the excitation regulator of the generator set, generating a secondary synchronization frequency component on the excitation voltage, generating a corresponding secondary synchronization frequency current component in the excitation winding, and adding a secondary synchronization frequency torque to the generator set shaft system; By appropriately configuring the control parameters to reduce the speed deviation near the multiple torsional vibration frequencies of the generator set, the damping torque can weaken or suppress the sub-synchronous oscillation of the unit.
  • the first suppression unit 802 is further configured that the SSRDC first obtains the phase characteristic of the transfer function G (s) between ⁇ and ⁇ T e of the generator set; and then designs a reasonable damping controller C (s) to compensate The phase lag of G (s) enables SVC to provide electrical damping at the torsional frequency of the shafting of the generator set.
  • the second suppression unit 803 is further configured to, when the SEDC selects ⁇ as the SEDC input signal, first use a test signal method to obtain an additional voltage reference signal ⁇ U SEDC of the excitation system of the generator set and a corresponding ⁇ T e
  • the phase relationship between ⁇ and ⁇ U SEDC is adjusted by adjusting the parameters of the lead lag of SEDC to achieve the ideal phase characteristics of ⁇ T e and ⁇ , that is, the additional torque ⁇ T e can reduce power generation Speed deviations near the torsional frequency of multiple shaftings of the unit.
  • the first suppression unit 802 is configured to control the SSRDC to obtain ⁇ according to ⁇ by expanding SSRDC to MSSRDC, and MSSRDC uses multiple modal control channels, and the multiple modal control channels are independent of each other; Each of the multiple modal control channels uses a band-pass filter to process multiple modal components, respectively, and performs amplification and phase compensation. Finally, the angular signals triggered by the multiple channels are added and sent to The trigger unit of SVC completes the trigger.
  • the SVC and SEDC methods require relatively smaller SVC capacity and lower investment.
  • SEDC is used to suppress subsynchronous oscillation.
  • SVC is used as the primary suppression measure and SEDC is used as the secondary suppression measure in the system for suppressing the sub-synchronous oscillation of the thermal power unit.
  • the system 800 for suppressing the sub-synchronous oscillation of a thermal power unit in the embodiment of the present application corresponds to the method for suppressing the sub-synchronous oscillation of a thermal power unit in the embodiment of the present application, and details are not described herein again.

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Abstract

一种抑制火电机组次同步振荡的方法及系统，所述方法包括：将发电机转速偏差信号Δω作为次同步振荡阻尼控制器SSRDC的输入信号，其中，Δω中包含发电机组轴系扭振模式分量的信息；控制SSRDC根据Δω获取静止无功补偿器SVC触发角增量Δα以调节发电机组输出的多个轴系扭振频率对应的电磁转矩增量ΔT e；控制SVC，使得多个轴系扭振频率对应的ΔT e都与Δω同相位（1020），以抑制机组次同步振荡；在通过附加励磁阻尼控制器SEDC检测到发电机组的轴系扭振的情况下，通过SEDC对检测到的轴系扭振信号进行移相和放大，将移相和放大后的轴系扭振信号叠加在发电机组的励磁调节器的控制信号上，以抑制机组次同步振荡。

Description

抑制火电机组次同步振荡的方法及系统
本申请要求在2018年09月13日提交中国专利局、申请号为201811069783.3的中国专利申请的优先权，该申请的全部内容通过引用结合在本申请中。
技术领域
本申请涉及发电机组次同步振荡抑制技术领域，例如，涉及一种抑制火电机组次同步振荡的方法及系统。
背景技术
电力系统中应用串联补偿技术、高压直流输电(High-Voltage Direct Current，HVDC)技术以及大规模新能源接入都可能引起次同步振荡问题。次同步振荡是电气系统与汽轮发电机组转子机械系统之间的一种次同步频率机电耦合振荡现象，会引起发电机组转子轴系持续甚至是增幅的扭转振荡，产生轴系疲劳损耗，严重情况下导致机组轴系损坏事故。次同步振荡问题若无法得到妥善解决，一方面会对发电机组设备构成威胁，直接影响到电力系统及设备的安全稳定运行；另一方面，由于次同步振荡导致串补或高压直流输电系统无法完全投运，会大大制约线路的输送能力，造成严重的经济损失。
常见的次同步振荡措施可分为主动抑制措施和被动抑制措施；而对于主动抑制措施，根据抑制设备安装位置，又可分为两类。比较常见的抑制措施包括附加励磁阻尼控制器(Supplementary Excitation Damping Controller，SEDC)、静止无功补偿器(Static Var Compensator，SVC)等。
SEDC是在发电机组的励磁控制器上加装的阻尼控制器。该控制器在检测到发电机组轴系扭振时，按照一定的控制策略对发电机的励磁系统进行调节，以降低系统的次同步振荡。但由于SEDC装于发电机励磁系统，受到励磁系统容量限制，抑制效果有限。
SVC是一种成熟的柔性交流输电系统(Flexible Alternating Current Transmission Systems，FACTS)装置，可装设于电厂高压汇集母线处。由于FACTS装置具有灵活快速的调节能力，当检测到系统发生次同步振荡时，通过一定的控制策略，快速改变其本身的等效阻抗，以增加对次同步振荡的阻尼。然而FACTS装置作为一次设备，价格较贵。
发明内容
本申请技术方案提供一种抑制火电机组次同步振荡的方法及系统，以解决如何抑制火电机组次同步振荡的问题。
本申请提供了一种抑制火电机组次同步振荡的方法，所述方法包括：
将发电机转速偏差信号Δω作为次同步振荡阻尼控制器(Subsynchronous Resonance Damping Controller，SSRDC)的输入信号，其中，Δω中包含发电机组轴系扭振模式分量的信息；控制所述SSRDC根据Δω来获取SVC触发角增量Δα以调节发电机组输出的多个轴系扭振频率对应的电磁转矩增量ΔT e；控制SVC，使得所述多个轴系扭振频率对应的ΔT e都与Δω同相位，以抑制机组次同步振荡；
在通过SEDC检测到发电机组的轴系扭振的情况下，通过所述SEDC对检测到的轴系扭振信号进行移相和放大，将移相和放大后的轴系扭振信号叠加在所述发电机组的励磁调节器的控制信号上，以抑制机组次同步振荡。
一实施例中，通过所述SSRDC求得所述Δα到所述多个轴系扭振频率对应的ΔT e之间的传递函数G(s)的相位特性；通过所述SSRDC的阻尼控制器C(s)补偿G(s)的相位滞后，使得所述多个轴系扭振频率对应的ΔT e都与Δω同相位。
一实施例中，在所述SEDC的输入信号为所述Δω的情况下，利用测试信号法获取所述发电机组的励磁系统的附加电压参考信号ΔU SEDC和所述多个轴系扭振频率对应的ΔT e之间的相位关系；通过调整所述SEDC的超前滞后环节的参数使得所述Δω和所述ΔU SEDC之间的相位相同或者相位差小于或等于90度。
一实施例中，将所述SSRDC扩展成多通道阻尼控制器(Multichannel Subsynchronous Resonance Damping Controller，MSSRDC)，所述MSSRDC采用多个模态控制通道，所述多个模态控制通道相互独立；控制所述多个模态控制通道中的多个通道分别利用带通滤波器对多个模态分量进行滤波处理，并分别进行放大和相位补偿；将所述多个通道触发的角信号增量相加后发送到所述SVC的触发单元完成触发，通过所述SVC的触发单元获取所述Δα。
一实施例中，在所述SVC需要检修的情况下，利用所述SEDC抑制次同步振荡。
一实施例中，所述SVC作为主抑制措施，所述SEDC作为辅助抑制措施。
本申请还提供了一种抑制火电机组次同步振荡的系统，所述系统包括：
第一抑制单元，设置为将发电机转速偏差信号Δω作为所述SSRDC的输入信号，其中，Δω中包含发电机组轴系扭振模式分量的信息；控制所述SSRDC根据Δω获取所述SVC触发角增量Δα以调节发电机组输出的多个轴系扭振频 率对应的ΔT e；控制SVC，使得所述多个轴系扭振频率对应的ΔT e都与Δω同相位，以抑制机组次同步振荡；
第二抑制单元，设置为在通过所述SEDC在检测到发电机组的轴系扭振的情况下，通过所述SEDC对检测到的轴系扭振信号进行移相和放大，将移相和放大后的轴系扭振信号叠加在所述发电机组的励磁调节器的控制信号上，以抑制机组次同步振荡。
一实施例中，所述第一抑制单元设置为通过所述SSRDC求得所述Δα到所述多个轴系扭振频率对应的ΔT e之间的传递函数G(s)的相位特性；通过所述SSRDC的阻尼控制器C(s)补偿G(s)的相位滞后，使得所述多个轴系扭振频率对应的ΔT e都与Δω同相位。
一实施例中，所述第二抑制单元还设置为在SEDC的输入信号为所述Δω的情况下，利用测试信号法获取发电机组的励磁系统的附加电压参考信号ΔU SEDC和所述多个轴系扭振频率对应的ΔT e之间的相位关系；通过调整所述SEDC的超前滞后环节的参数使得Δω和ΔU SEDC之间的相位相同或者相位差小于或等于90度。
一实施例中，所述第一抑制单元是设置为通过如下方式控制所述SSRDC根据Δω获取所述SVC触发角增量Δα：将所述SSRDC扩展成MSSRDC，所述MSSRDC采用多个模态控制通道，所述多个模态控制通道相互独立；控制所述多个模态控制通道中的多个通道分别利用带通滤波器对多个模态分量进行滤波处理，并分别进行放大和相位补偿；将所述多个通道的触发角信号增量相加后发送到所述SVC的触发单元，通过所述SVC的触发单元获取所述Δα。
一实施例中，所述系统还包括第三抑制单元，所述第三抑制单元设置为在所述SVC需要检修的情况下，利用所述SEDC抑制次同步振荡。
一实施例中，所述SVC作为主抑制措施，所述SEDC作为辅助抑制措施。
附图说明
图1为本申请一实施例提供的一种抑制火电机组次同步振荡的方法的流程图；
图2为本申请一实施例提供的一种SVC+SEDC的次同步振荡抑制方法的接线示意图；
图3为本申请一实施例提供的一种SVC抑制次同步振荡的原理示意图；
图4为本申请一实施例提供的一种MSSRDC控制器示意图；
图5为本申请一实施例提供的一种SEDC的基本结构示意图；
图6为本申请一实施例提供的一种抑制火电机组次同步振荡的系统结构图；
图7为本申请一实施例提供的一种单独采用SEDC、单独采用SVC及采用SVC和SEDC时发电机组的电气阻尼示意图；
图8为本申请一实施例提供的另一种抑制火电机组次同步振荡的系统结构图。
具体实施方式
参考附图介绍本申请的示例性实施方式，本申请可以用许多不同的形式来实施，并且不局限于本文描述的实施例，提供这些实施例是为了公开本申请，并且向所属技术领域的技术人员传达本申请的范围。对于表示在附图中的示例性实施方式中的术语并不是对本申请的限定。在附图中，相同的单元/元件使用相同的附图标记。
除非另有说明，本文使用的术语(包括科技术语)对所属技术领域的技术人员具有通常的理解含义。另外，以通常使用的词典限定的术语，应当被理解为与其相关领域的语境具有一致的含义，而不应该被理解为理想化的或过于正式的意义。
图1为本申请一实施例提供的一种抑制火电机组次同步振荡的方法流程图。该方法利用相关技术中的SVC和发电机励磁系统的控制装置，通过在该控制装置的控制器中增加阻尼控制模块，实现次同步振荡阻尼控制。本实施例中，SVC与发电机组连接，SVC中设置有SSRDC，SEDC位于发电机组内部。
本申请提出同时采用两种抑制装置——SVC以及SEDC进行发电机组的次同步振荡抑制，在经济性和可控性上预计有更好的效果。两种控制器在次同步振荡抑制方面为和的关系。SVC抑制能力强，SEDC投资小。两者联合抑制发电机组的次同步振荡，一方面可以降低SVC的容量，降低投资；另一方面，在SVC检修时可采用SEDC进行备用，在发生次同步振荡时可以减缓振荡幅度，延迟切机保护动作时间，从而给运行人员更多时间采取调整系统运行方式的手段消除机组次同步振荡。
如图1所示，图1为本申请一实施例提供的一种抑制火电机组次同步振荡的方法的流程图，该方法包括：
步骤1010：建立包括SVC以及SEDC的抑制控制器。本申请提出的抑制方法包括，在发电机励磁系统中增加附加阻尼控制环节，在发电厂高压母线侧装设SVC并设置相应的附加阻尼控制环节。一实施例中，SVC在用作次同步振荡 抑制时可称作SSRDC。接线图如图2所示。
步骤1020：将发电机转速偏差信号Δω作为SSRDC的输入信号，其中，Δω中包含发电机组轴系扭振模式分量的信息；SSRDC根据Δω获取SVC触发角增量Δα，微调发电机组输出的电磁转矩增量ΔT e；控制SVC，使得发电机组的多个轴系扭振频率附近的ΔT e都与Δω同相位；在发电机组的多个轴系扭振频率附近的ΔT e都与Δω同相位的情况下，在每个轴系扭振频率±预设频率的范围内，SVC对发电机组轴系提供正的电气阻尼，实现抑制次同步振荡。一实施例中，预设频率为1Hz～2Hz内的频率。
一实施例中，SSRDC首先求得Δα到发电机组的ΔT e之间的传递函数G(s)的相位特性；然后设计合理的阻尼控制器C(s)来补偿G(s)的相位滞后，使得SVC在发电机组的轴系扭振频率处能够提供电气阻尼。
一实施例中，在SEDC选取Δω作为SEDC的输入信号的情况下，首先利用测试信号法获取发电机组的励磁系统的附加电压参考信号ΔU SEDC和相应的ΔT e之间的相位关系；再通过调整SEDC的超前滞后环节的参数来改变Δω和ΔU SEDC之间的相位关系，达到理想的ΔT e和Δω的相位特性，即产生的附加转矩ΔT e能够减小发电机组的多个扭振频率附近的转速偏差。
一实施例中，将SSRDC扩展成MSSRDC，MSSRDC采用多个模态控制通道，并且多个模态控制通道相互独立；多个模态控制通道中的多个通道分别利用带通滤波器对多个模态分量进行处理，并分别进行放大和相位补偿，最后将多个通道触发的角信号增量相加后发送到SVC的触发单元，完成触发。
本申请中，SVC抑制次同步振荡的基本原理可以通过图3简要说明。Δω中包含发电机组轴系扭振模式分量的信息，常作为SSRDC的输入信号。SSRDC根据Δω来控制Δα，进而微调发电机组输出的ΔT e。若能恰当控制SVC，进而使得发电机组的每个轴系扭振频率附近的ΔT e都与Δω同相位，则在每个轴系扭振频率附近，SVC就能对发电机组轴系提供正的电气阻尼，实现抑制次同步振荡的目的。
SSRDC控制器设计的关键是：首先求得Δα到发电机组的ΔT e之间的传递函数G(s)的相位特性；然后设计合理的阻尼控制器C(s)来补偿G(s)的相位滞后，使得SVC在发电机组的轴系扭振频率处能够提供合适大小的电气阻尼。G(s)可以通过测试信号法计算获得。
由于发电机组轴系通常包含多个扭振模式，图3所示的单通道控制器在对一个扭振模式提供正阻尼的同时，却可能对另外一个扭振模式提供负的阻尼。为了防止这种情况发生，可以将SSRDC扩展成如图4所示的MSSRDC。MSSRDC 采用多个模态控制通道，并且相互独立。多个通道分别利用带通滤波器对多个模态分量进行处理，并分别进行放大和相位补偿。最后将多个通道触发的角信号增量相加后发送到SVC的触发单元，完成触发。
步骤1030：在通过SEDC检测到发电机组的轴系扭振的情况下，SEDC对检测到的轴系扭振信号进行移相和放大，将移相和放大后的轴系扭振信号叠加在发电机组的励磁调节器的控制信号上，在励磁电压上产生次同步频率分量，在励磁绕组中产生相应次同步频率电流分量，在发电机组轴系上附加次同步频率转矩；通过将控制参数配置合适，从而减小发电机组的多个轴系扭振频率附近的转速偏差，该阻尼转矩可削弱或抑制机组次同步振荡。
本申请用于抑制系统次同步振荡的SEDC的设计，本申请的主要思想类似于电力系统静态稳定器(Power System Stabilizer，PSS)抑制系统低频振荡。在检测到发电机组的轴系扭振的情况下，SEDC对检测到的轴系扭振信号进行适当的移相和放大，将移相和放大后的轴系扭振信号叠加在发电机组的励磁调节器的控制信号上，在励磁电压上产生次同步频率分量，因此可在励磁绕组中产生相应次同步频率电流分量，在发电机组轴系上附加次同步频率转矩，若控制参数配置合适，该阻尼转矩可削弱或抑制机组次同步振荡。
SEDC设计基本思路是，在选取Δω作为SEDC的输入信号的情况下，首先利用测试信号法获取发电机组的励磁系统的附加电压参考信号ΔU SEDC和相应的ΔT e之间的相位关系。之后通过调整SEDC的超前滞后环节的参数来改变Δω和ΔU SEDC之间的相位关系，从而最终达到理想的ΔT e和Δω的相位特性。相应的SEDC基本结构如图5所示。
一实施例中，在SVC需要检修的情况下，利用SEDC抑制次同步振荡。
一实施例中，SVC作为主抑制措施，SEDC作为辅助抑制措施。
本申请单独采用两种抑制措施都可有效提高机组的次同步电气阻尼。当同时采用两种抑制措施时，机组阻尼体现为两种单独措施的叠加，这表明，SEDC和SVC两种抑制措施之间没有产生相互不利的影响，因此，采用两种措施联合抑制次同步振荡可以起到更好的效果。本申请实施方式与仅采用SVC进行抑制相比，在采用SEDC之后，SVC的容量可适当降低，从而在经济性上具有更好的效果。此外，在次同步振荡相对较弱的系统中，若SVC需要检修时，可仅采用SEDC进行抑制，当发电机组因为系统扰动产生次同步振荡时，SEDC可以起到一定的抑制效果，减缓振荡幅度，延迟切机保护动作时间，从而给运行人员更多时间采取调整系统运行方式的手段消除机组次同步振荡。
图6为本申请一实施例提供的一种抑制火电机组次同步振荡的系统结构图。 如图6所示，以电气和电子工程师协会(Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers)IEEE次同步振荡第一标准系统为基础，同时采用SEDC和SVC。SVC安装于发电机出口，容量为发电机的10％。外送线路串联补偿度为50％。
图7为本申请一实施例提供的一种单独采用SEDC、单独采用SVC及采用SVC和SEDC时发电机组的电气阻尼示意图。由图7可见，单独采用两种抑制措施都可有效提高机组的次同步电气阻尼。当同时采用两种抑制措施时，机组阻尼体现为两种单独措施的叠加，这表明，SEDC和SVC两种抑制措施之间没有产生相互不利的影响，因此，采用两种措施联合抑制次同步振荡可以起到更好的效果。
图8为根据本申请一实施例提供的另一种抑制火电机组次同步振荡的系统结构图。如图8所示，一种抑制火电机组次同步振荡的系统800，包括：
建立单元801，设置为建立包括SVC以及SEDC的抑制控制器。
第一抑制单元802，设置为将Δω作为SSRDC的输入信号，其中，Δω中包含发电机组轴系扭振模式分量的信息；SSRDC根据Δω获取SVC触发Δα，微调发电机组输出的ΔT e；控制SVC，使得发电机组的多个轴系扭振频率附近的ΔT e都与Δω同相位；在发电机组的多个轴系扭振频率附近的ΔT e都与Δω同相位的情况下，在每个轴系扭振频率±预设频率的范围内，SVC对发电机组轴系提供正的电气阻尼，实现抑制次同步振荡。一实施例中，预设频域为1Hz～2Hz。
第二抑制单元803，设置为在通过SEDC检测到发电机组的轴系扭振的情况下，SEDC对检测到的轴系扭振信号进行移相和放大，将移相和放大后的轴系扭振信号叠加在发电机组的励磁调节器的控制信号上，在励磁电压上产生次同步频率分量，在励磁绕组中产生相应次同步频率电流分量，在发电机组轴系上附加次同步频率转矩；通过将控制参数配置合适，从而减小发电机组的多个轴系扭振频率附近的转速偏差，该阻尼转矩可削弱或抑制机组次同步振荡。
一实施例中，第一抑制单元802还设置为SSRDC首先求得Δα到发电机组的ΔT e之间的传递函数G(s)的相位特性；然后设计合理的阻尼控制器C(s)来补偿G(s)的相位滞后，使得SVC在发电机组的轴系扭振频率处能够提供电气阻尼。
一实施例中，第二抑制单元803还设置为在SEDC选取Δω作为SEDC的输入信号的情况下，首先利用测试信号法获取发电机组的励磁系统的附加电压参考信号ΔU SEDC和相应的ΔT e之间的相位关系；再通过调整SEDC的超前滞后环节的参数来改变Δω和ΔU SEDC之间的相位关系，达到理想的ΔT e和Δω的相 位特性，即产生的附加转矩ΔT e能够减小发电机组的多个轴系扭振频率附近的转速偏差。
一实施例中，第一抑制单元802是设置为通过如下方式控制所述SSRDC根据Δω获取Δα：将SSRDC扩展成MSSRDC，MSSRDC采用多个模态控制通道，并且多个模态控制通道相互独立；多个模态控制通道中的多个通道分别利用带通滤波器对多个模态分量进行处理，并分别进行放大和相位补偿，最后将多个通道触发的角信号增量相加后发送到SVC的触发单元，完成触发。
一实施例中，在系统中同时配置SVC及SEDC的情况下，与仅配置SVC相比，达到同样的抑制效果时，采用SVC和SEDC方法所需的SVC容量相对更小，投资降低。
一实施例中，抑制火电机组次同步振荡的系统中在SVC需要检修的情况下，利用SEDC抑制次同步振荡。
一实施例中，抑制火电机组次同步振荡的系统中SVC作为主抑制措施，SEDC作为辅助抑制措施。
本申请实施方式中的抑制火电机组次同步振荡的系统800与本申请实施方式中的抑制火电机组次同步振荡的方法相对应，本文不再进行赘述。
本文使用的所有术语都根据它们在技术领域的通常含义被解释，除非在本文中被另外明确地定义。所有的参考“一个/所述/该[装置、组件等]”都被解释为所述装置、组件等中的至少一个实例，除非另外明确地说明。本文公开的任何方法的步骤都没必要以公开的准确的顺序运行，除非明确地说明。

Claims (12)

  1. 一种抑制火电机组次同步振荡的方法，包括：
    将发电机转速偏差信号Δω作为次同步振荡阻尼控制器SSRDC的输入信号，其中，所述Δω中包含发电机组轴系扭振模式分量的信息；控制所述SSRDC根据所述Δω获取静止无功补偿器SVC触发角增量Δα以调节发电机组输出的多个轴系扭振频率对应的电磁转矩增量ΔT e；控制所述SVC，使得所述多个轴系扭振频率对应的ΔT e都与所述Δω同相位，以抑制机组次同步振荡；
    在通过附加励磁阻尼控制器SEDC检测到所述发电机组的轴系扭振的情况下，通过所述SEDC对检测到的轴系扭振信号进行移相和放大，将移相和放大后的轴系扭振信号叠加在所述发电机组的励磁调节器的控制信号上，以抑制机组次同步振荡。
  2. 根据权利要求1所述的方法，还包括：
    通过所述SSRDC求得所述Δα到所述多个轴系扭振频率对应的ΔT e之间的传递函数G(s)的相位特性；通过所述SSRDC的阻尼控制器C(s)补偿所述G(s)的相位滞后，使得所述多个轴系扭振频率对应的ΔT e都与所述Δω同相位。
  3. 根据权利要求1的方法，还包括：
    在所述SEDC的输入信号为所述Δω的情况下，利用测试信号法获取所述发电机组的励磁系统的附加电压参考信号ΔU SEDC和所述多个轴系扭振频率对应的ΔT e之间的相位关系；通过调整所述SEDC的超前滞后环节的参数使得所述Δω和所述ΔU SEDC之间的相位相同或者相位差小于或等于90度。
  4. 根据权利要求1所述的方法，其中，所述控制所述SSRDC根据Δω获取所述SVC触发角增量Δα，包括：
    将所述SSRDC扩展成多通道阻尼控制器MSSRDC，所述MSSRDC采用多个模态控制通道，所述多个模态控制通道相互独立；控制所述多个模态控制通道中的多个通道分别利用带通滤波器对多个模态分量进行滤波处理，并分别进行放大和相位补偿；将所述多个通道的触发角信号增量相加后发送到所述SVC的触发单元，通过所述SVC的触发单元获取所述Δα。
  5. 根据权利要求1所述的方法，还包括：在所述SVC需要检修的情况下，利用所述SEDC抑制次同步振荡。
  6. 根据权利要求1所述的方法，其中，所述SVC作为主抑制措施，所述SEDC作为辅助抑制措施。
  7. 一种抑制火电机组次同步振荡的系统，包括：
    第一抑制单元，设置为将发电机转速偏差信号Δω作为次同步振荡阻尼控制器SSRDC的输入信号，其中，所述Δω中包含发电机组轴系扭振模式分量的信息；控制所述SSRDC根据所述Δω获取静止无功补偿器SVC触发角增量Δα以调节发电机组输出的多个轴系扭振频率对应的电磁转矩增量ΔTe；控制所述SVC，使得所述多个轴系扭振频率对应的ΔTe都与所述Δω同相位，以抑制机组次同步振荡；
    第二抑制单元，设置为在通过附加励磁阻尼控制器SEDC检测到所述发电机组的轴系扭振的情况下，通过所述SEDC对检测到的轴系扭振信号进行移相和放大，将移相和放大后的轴系扭振信号叠加在所述发电机组的励磁调节器的控制信号上，以抑制机组次同步振荡。
  8. 根据权利要求7所述的系统，所述第一抑制单元还设置为通过所述SSRDC求得所述Δα到所述多个轴系扭振频率对应的ΔTe之间的传递函数G(s)的相位特性；通过所述SSRDC的阻尼控制器C(s)补偿所述G(s)的相位滞后，使得所述多个轴系扭振频率对应的ΔT e都与Δω同相位。
  9. 根据权利要求7的系统，所述第二抑制单元还设置为在所述SEDC的输入信号为所述Δω的情况下，利用测试信号法获取所述发电机组的励磁系统的附加电压参考信号ΔU SEDC和所述多个轴系扭振频率对应的ΔTe之间的相位关系；通过调整所述SEDC的超前滞后环节的参数使得所述Δω和所述ΔU SEDC之间的相位相同或者相位差小于或等于90度。
  10. 根据权利要求7所述的系统，所述第一抑制单元是设置为通过如下方式控制所述SSRDC根据Δω获取所述SVC触发角增量Δα：将所述SSRDC扩展成多通道阻尼控制器MSSRDC，所述MSSRDC采用多个模态控制通道，所述多个模态控制通道相互独立；控制所述多个模态控制通道中的多个通道分别利用带通滤波器对多个模态分量进行滤波处理，并分别进行放大和相位补偿；将所述多个通道的触发角信号增量相加后发送到所述SVC的触发单元，通过所述SVC的触发单元获取所述Δα。
  11. 根据权利要求7所述的系统，还包括第三抑制单元，所述第三抑制单元设置为在所述SVC需要检修的情况下，利用所述SEDC抑制次同步振荡。
  12. 根据权利要求7所述的系统，其中，所述SVC作为主抑制措施，所述SEDC作为辅助抑制措施。
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