WO2020052210A1 - 地下污水生态净化及土壤改良装置 - Google Patents

地下污水生态净化及土壤改良装置 Download PDF

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Publication number
WO2020052210A1
WO2020052210A1 PCT/CN2019/078640 CN2019078640W WO2020052210A1 WO 2020052210 A1 WO2020052210 A1 WO 2020052210A1 CN 2019078640 W CN2019078640 W CN 2019078640W WO 2020052210 A1 WO2020052210 A1 WO 2020052210A1
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Prior art keywords
purification
soil improvement
frame
underground sewage
sewage ecological
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PCT/CN2019/078640
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English (en)
French (fr)
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武涛
史鑫
王聪
王丽
赵秋霞
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江苏澳洋生态园林股份有限公司
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Publication of WO2020052210A1 publication Critical patent/WO2020052210A1/zh

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    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C02—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
    • C02F—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
    • C02F9/00—Multistage treatment of water, waste water or sewage
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C02—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
    • C02F—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
    • C02F1/00—Treatment of water, waste water, or sewage
    • C02F1/001—Processes for the treatment of water whereby the filtration technique is of importance
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C02—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
    • C02F—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
    • C02F1/00—Treatment of water, waste water, or sewage
    • C02F2001/007—Processes including a sedimentation step
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C02—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
    • C02F—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
    • C02F3/00—Biological treatment of water, waste water, or sewage
    • C02F3/32—Biological treatment of water, waste water, or sewage characterised by the animals or plants used, e.g. algae
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C02—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
    • C02F—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
    • C02F3/00—Biological treatment of water, waste water, or sewage
    • C02F3/34—Biological treatment of water, waste water, or sewage characterised by the microorganisms used

Definitions

  • the invention belongs to the field of water treatment, and particularly relates to an underground sewage ecological purification and soil improvement device.
  • groundwater pollution Contaminated with soil is groundwater pollution.
  • the subsurface layers are complex and groundwater flows extremely slowly. Therefore, groundwater pollution is slow, difficult to find and difficult to treat. Once the groundwater is polluted, even if its source is completely eliminated, it will take more than ten or even decades to restore the water quality.
  • groundwater pollution and surface water pollution because the pollutants enter the aquifer and move slowly in the aquifer, the pollution often occurs gradually. Without special monitoring, it is difficult to detect in time; found groundwater pollution Later, identifying the source of the pollution was not as easy as surface water. More importantly, groundwater pollution is not easy to eliminate.
  • the present invention provides a device for ecological purification and soil improvement of underground sewage.
  • the object of the present invention is to provide an underground sewage treatment device with a small footprint and flexible settings, which can be widely used in various environments;
  • Another object of the present invention is to provide a long-lasting soil improvement device with beautiful appearance, good greening effect, and good purification effect.
  • an underground sewage ecological purification and soil improvement device including:
  • Purification device body including bracket and purification frame
  • the support has a multi-step and hollow cone shape, and includes a support column vertically arranged and a support rod horizontally fixed on the support column, and the support rods are sequentially distributed along the length of the support column from top to bottom;
  • the purification frame is a square-shaped hollow ring with an open top, and the hollow ring is provided with a fracture from one side thereof, and the two sections are closed, and the distance between the two sections is not less than the outer diameter of the support column; the hollow ring Water inlet holes and water outlet holes are respectively provided at the upper edges of the two sections near the inner wall; the water inlet holes and water outlet holes on the purification frame are respectively connected with the water outlet holes of the upper adjacent purification frame and the inlet of the lower adjacent purification frame. The water holes communicate with each other through the connecting pipe.
  • the purification frame has several ones whose inner diameters are sequentially increased;
  • the purification frame is installed and fixed on the bracket in order from the upper to the lower inner diameter, and the solar cell module is arranged on the top of the purification device body and includes a solar panel, a storage battery and a controller;
  • a pollutant enrichment device which is located in deep soil, includes two oppositely disposed positive and negative conductive plates; heavy metal ions in underground sewage, charged pollutant molecules, ions that cause the formation of saline-alkali land and acid soil, and charged micelles. Under the action of the conductive plate, the positive and negative electrodes of the conductive plate are respectively close to and enriched, and are extracted to the purification device body for purification treatment;
  • An extraction device is provided outside the hollow body of the purification device or inside the hollow space, and the high-concentration sewage near the positive and negative electrode conductive plates is extracted to the top of the purification device body through a water pipe; the extraction device starts intermittently and starts at intervals Not less than half an hour; the collection of underground sewage requires a certain time, and the accumulation of pollutants near the positive and negative conductive plates also requires a certain time.
  • the intermittent start-up of the extraction device is conducive to saving energy and improving the purification effect;
  • the water collecting device is arranged in the hollow space at the bottom of the purification device body or under the ground, and is in communication with the water outlet of the purification frame at the bottom of the purification device body.
  • the purification frame includes a plant purification section, a microbial purification and sedimentation section, and a filtration purification section from top to bottom, each of which includes several purification frames; wherein each purification frame of the plant purification section is respectively planted with an aquatic organism. Enriched plants, soil cultured super-enriched plants, and fast-growing plants.
  • the sewage enters from the top purification frame passes through the interception, absorption and enrichment of the plant purification section, the decomposition, enrichment and sedimentation of the microbial purification and sedimentation section, and the final filtration and adsorption of the filtration and purification section, so that the underground sewage ecological purification and
  • the soil improvement device has better purification ability for toxic and organic substances in underground sewage, and also has a certain adsorption and enrichment effect on heavy metals.
  • the cultivation of a large number of plants in the three-dimensionally arranged purification frame also makes the present invention green and beautiful.
  • the microorganism purification and sedimentation part is charged with immobilized microorganisms, and the dominant microorganism strains put in each purification frame are different, including immobilized microorganisms with enrichment and decomposition functions; the immobilization of microorganisms should be carried out according to Seasonal, temperature, main pollutant components in underground sewage, and changes in the amount of underground sewage treatment are put into place, so that the corresponding purified microorganisms are always the dominant species, ensuring the purification effect.
  • the microbial purification and sedimentation part is provided with a loose and porous microbial attachment body, and the microbial attachment body is preferably one or more of ceramic rings, vermiculite, zeolite, and red brick particles; the microbial attachment body is beneficial to various microorganisms After the microbial community on the microbial attachment reaches equilibrium, it has a better comprehensive purification effect on the organic components in the underground sewage.
  • a heating device, an ultrasonic generator, an air pump, and a lighting device are arranged in the purification frame of the microorganism purification and sedimentation section.
  • the heating device, the ultrasonic generator, the air pump, and the lighting device are in communication with the controller.
  • the temperature decreases the microbial purification effect is reduced, and the heating device is helpful to ensure the purification effect;
  • the ultrasonic generator when the ultrasonic generator is started, the oxygen content in the sewage is rapidly reduced, and an anaerobic environment is quickly created;
  • the ultrasonic generator, the air pump and the lighting device can make the purification frame continuous Maintain the microbial treatment environment with light anoxic, dark anoxic, light oxygen-enriched, and dark oxygen-enriched, and also switch the purification frame under different microbial treatment environments between day and night replacement, which is convenient for management and targeting different pollutants Use different processing environments and methods.
  • all or part of the purification frame of the microorganism purification and sedimentation part is made of acrylic or glass material.
  • Adopt acrylic or glass material to ensure sufficient daylighting.
  • the transparent material also makes the present invention more beautiful overall, especially when the night light is turned on.
  • a small ornamental plant is arranged in the microorganism purification and sedimentation part, which makes the present invention more beautiful as a whole.
  • the plants in the plant purification department should be replaced or trimmed in time, heavy metals are easy to be enriched in the plant head, and the trimming can keep the super-enriched plants with a vigorous enrichment ability at all times.
  • a filter screen is provided at the water inlet hole and the water outlet hole.
  • a support foot is provided at the bottom of the purification device body.
  • the maximum flow velocity of the water in the purification device body does not exceed 0.1 m / s.
  • the water inlet and outlet holes can be closed to make the sewage inside it more thoroughly purified.
  • the extraction device is powered by a solar battery module or an external power source.
  • the underground sewage ecological purification and soil improvement device of the present invention performs multiple treatments on the sewage through enrichment, absorption, degradation, filtration, adsorption, etc., and selects different plants and microorganisms according to different pollutant components, which can achieve better purification.
  • the present invention has a large number of plants planted in the three-dimensional structure, which makes the overall greenness of the present invention, which can be used as a long-term treatment method for underground sewage and soil improvement, and can also beautify the environment.
  • FIG. 1 is a structural schematic diagram of a purification frame.
  • FIG. 2 is a schematic diagram of a support structure.
  • FIG. 3 is a schematic structural diagram of an underground sewage ecological purification and soil improvement device (support bars are not shown).
  • an underground sewage ecological purification and soil improvement device includes:
  • the purification device body includes a bracket 1 and a purification frame 2;
  • the bracket 1 has a multi-step and hollow cone shape, and includes a support column 101 disposed vertically and a support rod 102 horizontally fixed on the support column, and the support rods 102 are sequentially distributed along the length of the support column 101 from top to bottom;
  • the purification frame 2 is a square-shaped hollow ring with an open top, and the hollow ring is provided with a cutout 201 from one side thereof, and the two cross-sections are closed, and the distance between the two cross-sections is not less than the outer diameter of the support column 101;
  • Water inlet holes 202 and water outlet holes 203 are respectively provided at the upper edges of the inner walls of the hollow ring near the two sections;
  • the water inlet holes and water outlet holes on the purification frame 2 are respectively the water outlet holes and the lower sides of the purification frames adjacent to the upper side.
  • the water inlet holes of adjacent purification frames are connected through a connecting pipe;
  • the purification frame 2 has 8 inner diameters which are sequentially increased;
  • the purification frame 2 is installed and fixed on the bracket 1 in order from the upper to the lower inner diameter in order;
  • the solar cell module 3 is disposed on the top of the purification device body and includes a solar cell panel 301, a storage battery 302, and a controller 303;
  • the pollutant enrichment device 7 is located in deep soil and includes two oppositely disposed positive and negative conductive plates;
  • An extraction device 4 is provided in the hollow space inside the main body of the purification device.
  • the high-concentration sewage near the positive and negative conductive plates is extracted to the top of the main body of the purification device through a water pipe; half an hour;
  • the water collecting device 5 is arranged at a hollow space at the bottom of the purification device body or under the ground, and communicates with the water outlet of the purification frame at the bottom of the purification device body.
  • the purification frame includes a plant purification section 210, a microbial purification and sedimentation section 220, and a filter purification section 230 from top to bottom, and each contains 3, 4, and 1 purification frames; wherein, the plant purification section 210 includes three purifications.
  • the boxes were planted with goldfish algae and bitter grass, sorrel, green ping grass and water hyacinth, respectively.
  • the microbial purification and sedimentation unit 220 is charged with immobilized microorganisms, and the dominant microbial strains in each purification frame are different, including photosynthetic bacteria with enrichment and decomposition functions, nitrifying bacteria, desulfovibrio, and yeast yeast Immobilized microorganisms;
  • Loose and porous microbial attachments are provided in the microbial purification and sedimentation section 220, and the microbial attachments are preferably ceramic rings;
  • a heating device, an ultrasonic generator, an air pump, and a lighting device are arranged in the purification frame of the microorganism purification and sedimentation section.
  • a heating device, an ultrasonic generator, an air pump, and a lighting device are in communication with the controller 303.
  • Part of the purification frame of the microorganism purification and sedimentation part 220 is made of acrylic material.
  • a small ornamental plant is disposed in the microorganism purification and sedimentation section 220.
  • the plants in the plant purification department should be replaced or trimmed in time.
  • a filter screen is provided at the water inlet hole and the water outlet hole.
  • a support foot 6 is provided at the bottom of the purification device body.
  • the maximum flow velocity of water in the purification device body does not exceed 0.1 m / s.
  • the extraction device 4 is powered by an external power source.
  • Example 1 During the high water season in summer, the underground sewage ecological purification and soil improvement device of Example 1 was used to conduct a two-month pollution control test on the underground sewage in a certain place in eastern China.
  • the underground sewage in this area has a high content of copper and soil.
  • the main pollutants in the purified underground sewage collected in the water collection device were tested. It was found that the copper ion content had decreased by 71%, and the pH value It returned to 6.8 and COD decreased by 92%.
  • a plurality of the devices of the present invention can be installed in the place and used for a long time, it can effectively treat the local underground sewage and improve the soil, and in addition, it can also beautify the environment of the area.
  • the purification frame can be individually pulled out for operation.
  • the steps are: removing the water inlet 202 and the water outlet of the selected purification frame 2.
  • 203 is blocked, remove the connecting pipe communicating with it, and let the support column pass through the fracture 201 of the purification frame, so as to pull out the purification frame horizontally.

Abstract

一种地下污水生态净化及土壤改良装置，包括：净化装置本体，其包括支架（1）和净化框（2）；支架（1）呈多阶梯且中空的锥状；净化框（2）为顶部开口且呈方形的空心环，空心环从其一边上设有断口（201），两断面封闭，且两断面间的距离不小于所述支撑柱（101）的外径；空心环内侧壁近两断面上缘处分别设有进水孔（202）和出水孔（203）；净化框（2）从上到下内径依次递增的安装固定于支架（1）上；该地下污水生态净化及土壤改良装置，通过富集、吸收、降解、过滤、吸附等对污水进行多重处理，根据不同的污染物成分选择不同的植物和微生物，能起到较好的净化效果，可作为地下污水和土壤改良的长效治理手段，同时还能美化环境。

Description

地下污水生态净化及土壤改良装置 技术领域
本发明属于水处理领域，具体涉及一种地下污水生态净化及土壤改良装置。
背景技术
改革开放以来，我国经济取得了举世瞩目的成就，但发展的背后，是自然环境的巨大牺牲。
当前我国大片土地处于轻污染状态，少部分处于严重污染状态，严重污染的土地需要很长的自然恢复时间，而处于轻污染状态的土地，如不能及时妥善处理，则污染会进一步加重；同时，由于废气排放增加，酸雨现象加重，导致土壤、水体酸化越来越严重；此外，作为历史遗留问题，我国目前盐渍国土面积超过三千万公顷，耕地盐碱化七百余万亩，近20％更低盐碱化或有盐碱化倾向，盐碱危害使大面积土壤资源难以有效利用，农业综合生产能力下降，造成大量中、低产田和农民贫困，严重影响农业发展和农民生活水平的提高。我国盐碱地的土壤改良工程浩大、任重道远。
伴随土壤污染的是地下水的污染，地表以下地层复杂，地下水流动极其缓慢，因此,地下水污染具有过程缓慢、不易发现和难以治理的特点。地下水一旦受到污染，即使彻底消除其污染源，也得十几年，甚至几十年才能使水质复原。地下水污染与地表水污染有一些明显的不同：由于污染物进入含水层，以及在含水层中运动都比较缓慢，污染往往是逐渐发生的，若不进行专门监测，很难及时发觉；发现地下水污染后，确定污染源也不像地表水那么容易。更重要的是地下水污染不易消除。排除污染源之后，地表水可以在较短时期内达到净化；而地下水，即便排除了污染源，已经进入含水层的污染物仍将长期产生不良影响。地下污水的治理投资大、周期长、收效慢，难以收到立竿见影的效果，为此，部分地区的政府部门并不重视地下污水的治理，但人民群众的治理呼声越 来越高。
总体来讲，当前的污水处理和土壤改良，受困于成本和不断加剧的污染，缺乏一种低成本、可持续的长效改良方法和设备。
针对上述问题，本发明提供一种地下污水生态净化及土壤改良装置。
发明内容
本发明的目的是提供一种占地面积小、设置灵活，可广泛应用于多种环境的地下污水处理装置；
本发明的另一个目的是提供一种美观、绿化效果好、净化效果佳的长效土壤改良装置。
为了解决上述技术问题，本发明公开了一种地下污水生态净化及土壤改良装置，包括：
净化装置本体，包括支架和净化框；
所述支架呈多阶梯且中空的锥状，包括垂直设置的支撑柱和水平固定于支撑柱上的支撑杆，所述支撑杆沿支撑柱由上到下长度依次递增分布；
所述净化框为顶部开口且呈方形的空心环，所述空心环从其一边上设有断口，两断面封闭，且两断面间的距离不小于所述支撑柱的外径；所述空心环内侧壁近两断面上缘处分别设有进水孔和出水孔；所述净化框上的进水孔、出水孔分别与上侧相邻净化框的出水孔、下侧相邻净化框的进水孔通过连接管相连通；断开的空心环在安装或更换净化框时，可以将净化框水平装入或抽出，方便安装和维护。
所述净化框有内径依次递增的若干个；
所述净化框从上到下内径依次递增的安装固定于支架上；太阳能电池模组，其设于净化装置本体顶部，包括太阳能电池板、蓄电池和控制器；
污染物富集装置，设于深层土壤，包括两相对设置的正、负极导电板；地下污水中的重金属离子、带电荷的污染物分子、导致盐碱地和酸性土壤形成的离子和带电荷胶团在导电板的作用下分别相导电板的正、负极靠近并富集，被 抽提至净化装置本体得以净化处理；
抽提装置，其设于净化装置本体外部或其内部中空处，通过取水管将正、负极导电板附近的高浓度污水抽提至净化装置本体顶部；所述抽提装置间歇性启动，启动间隔不小于半小时；地下污水的汇集需要一定时间，污染物在正、负极导电板附近的富集也需要一定的时间，抽提装置间歇性启动有利于节约能源并提高净化效果；
集水装置，其设于净化装置本体底部中空处或地表下，并与所述净化装置本体底部净化框的出水口相连通。
优选的是，所述净化框由上到下包括植物净化部、微生物净化和沉降部、过滤净化部，每部包含数个净化框；其中，所述植物净化部各净化框分别种植有水生超富集植物、土培超富集植物以及速生植物。污水从顶部净化框进入，经过植物净化部的截留、吸收和富集，微生物净化和沉降部的分解、富集与沉降，过滤净化部的最终过滤吸附和，使本发明的地下污水生态净化及土壤改良装置具对地下污水中的有毒、有机物质具有较好的净化能力，对重金属也有一定的吸附和富集效果。另外，立体设置的净化框内大量植物的种植还使本发明整体绿意盎然，十分美观，。
优选的是，所述微生物净化和沉降部投放有固定化微生物，每个净化框内所投放的优势微生物菌种不同，包括具有富集和分解功能的固定化微生物；固定化微生物的投放应根据季节、温度、地下污水中主要污染物成分、地下污水处理量的变化来进行投放，使相应净化微生物始终为优势菌种，确保净化效果。
所述微生物净化和沉降部内设有疏松多孔的微生物附着体，所述微生物附着体优选陶瓷环、蛭石、沸石、红砖颗粒中的一种或几种；微生物附着体有利于多种微生物的稳定附着，当微生物附着体上的微生物群落达到平衡后，对地下污水中的有机成分有较好的综合净化效果。
所述微生物净化和沉降部的净化框内设有加热装置、超声波发生器、气泵和照明装置。
所述加热装置、超声波发生器、气泵和照明装置与所述控制器相连通。， 温度降低时，微生物净化效果降低，加热装置有利于保证净化效果；超声波发生器启动时，污水中氧气含量快速降低，迅速营造厌氧环境；超声波发生器、气泵和照明装置可使净化框持续保持有光缺氧、黑暗缺氧、有光富氧、黑暗富氧的微生物处理环境，还能在昼夜更替间使净化框在不同的微生物处理环境下进行切换，方便进行管理和针对不同污染物采用不同的处理环境和处理方法。
优选的是，所述微生物净化和沉降部的全部或部分净化框采用亚克力或玻璃材质。采用亚克力或玻璃材质，保证采光充足，另外，透明材质还使本发明整体上更加美观，尤其在夜间照明灯开启时，尤为靓丽。
优选的是，所述微生物净化和沉降部内设有小型观赏植物，使本发明整体更为美观。
优选的是，所述植物净化部内的植物应及时更换或修剪，重金属容易在植物头部富集，修剪能使超富集植物始终保持旺盛的富集能力。
优选的是，所述进水孔和出水孔处设有滤网。
优选的是，所述净化装置本体底部设有支撑足。
优选的是，所述净化装置本体内水的最大流速不超过0.1m/s。水流速度越慢，净化效果越好，必要时，可封闭各进水孔和出水孔，使其内污水得到更为彻底的净化。
优选的是，所述抽提装置由太阳能电池模组或外接电源供电。
本发明的地下污水生态净化及土壤改良装置，通过富集、吸收、降解、过滤、吸附等对污水进行多重处理，根据不同的污染物成分选择不同的植物和微生物，能起到较好的净化效果，同时，本发明在立体结构内大量栽植各种植物，使本发明整体绿意盎然，可作为地下污水和土壤改良的长效治理手段，同时还能美化环境。
附图说明
图1为净化框结构示意图。
图2为支架结构示意图。
图3为地下污水生态净化及土壤改良装置结构示意图(支撑杆未示出)。
具体实施方式
下面通过实施例对本发明做进一步的详细说明，以令本领域技术人员参照说明书文字能够据以实施。
应当理解，本文所使用的诸如“具有”，“包含”以及“包括”术语并不排除一个或多个其它元件或其组合的存在或添加。
实施例1
如图1-3所示，一种地下污水生态净化及土壤改良装置，包括：
净化装置本体，包括支架1和净化框2；
所述支架1呈多阶梯且中空的锥状，包括垂直设置的支撑柱101和水平固定于支撑柱上的支撑杆102，所述支撑杆102沿支撑柱101由上到下长度依次递增分布；
所述净化框2为顶部开口且呈方形的空心环，所述空心环从其一边上设有断口201，两断面封闭，且两断面间的距离不小于所述支撑柱101的外径；所述空心环内侧壁近两断面上缘处分别设有进水孔202和出水孔203；所述净化框2上的进水孔、出水孔分别与上侧相邻净化框的出水孔、下侧相邻净化框的进水孔通过连接管相连通；
所述净化框2有内径依次递增的8个；
所述净化框2从上到下内径依次递增的安装固定于支架1上；
太阳能电池模组3，其设于净化装置本体顶部，包括太阳能电池板301、蓄电池302和控制器303；
污染物富集装置7，设于深层土壤，包括两相对设置的正、负极导电板；
抽提装置4，其设于净化装置本体内部中空处，通过取水管将正、负极导电板附近的高浓度污水抽提至净化装置本体顶部；所述抽提装置间歇性启动，启动间隔不小于半小时；
集水装置5，其设于净化装置本体底部中空处或地表下，并与所述净化装置本体底部净化框的出水口相连通。
所述净化框由上到下包括植物净化部210、微生物净化和沉降部220、过滤 净化部230，分别包含3、4、1个净化框；其中，所述植物净化部210所述3个净化框分别种植有金鱼藻和苦草，酸模草，青萍和水葫芦。
所述微生物净化和沉降部220投放有固定化微生物，每个净化框内所投放的优势微生物菌种不同，包括具有富集和分解功能的光合细菌、硝化细菌、脱硫弧菌、啤酒酵母菌等固定化微生物；
所述微生物净化和沉降部内220设有疏松多孔的微生物附着体，所述微生物附着体优选陶瓷环；
所述微生物净化和沉降部的净化框内设有加热装置、超声波发生器、气泵和照明装置。
加热装置、超声波发生器、气泵和照明装置与所述控制器303相连通。
所述微生物净化和沉降部220的部分净化框采用亚克力材质。
所述微生物净化和沉降部220内设有小型观赏植物。
所述植物净化部内的植物应及时更换或修剪。
所述进水孔和出水孔处设有滤网。
所述净化装置本体底部设有支撑足6。
所述净化装置本体内水的最大流速不超过0.1m/s。
所述抽提装置4由外接电源供电。
实施例2
使用方法：开启污染物富集装置7和抽提装置4，将污水抽提至顶部净化框2，在重力作用下从出水口流出至下一净化框；污水先后流经植物净化部210、微生物净化和沉降部220、过滤净化部230，经植物、微生物的复合净化，加上最后过滤，得到净化后的污水。
另外，根据菌种的不同，通过加热装置、超声波发生器、气泵和照明装置的配合，营造不同的微生物净化框境，提高净化效果。
实施例3
在夏季丰水期，采用实施例1的地下污水生态净化及土壤改良装置对我国东部某地的地下污水进行为期两个月的治污试验，该地区地下污水中重金属铜含量较高，且土壤偏酸性，以1m3/天的污水净化量，持续净化两个月，对集水装置中最后收集的净化后地下污水中的主要污染物进行测试，发现其铜离子含量下降了71％，pH值恢复为6.8，COD下降了92％。
若能在该地设置多个本发明装置，长期使用，可有效治理当地地下污水并能对土壤起到改良作用，此外，还能对该地区环境起到美化效果。
实施例4
在安装、替换、维护净化框2以及更换净化框内的植物、土壤、微生物附着体时，可将净化框单个抽出进行操作，步骤为：将选中的净化框2的进水孔202和出水孔203堵塞，去掉与其相通的连接管，使支撑柱从经净化框的断口201处通过，从而水平抽出净化框。
尽管本发明的实施方案已公开如上，但其并不仅仅限于说明书和实施方式中所列运用，它完全可以被适用于各种适合本发明的领域，对于熟悉本领域的人员而言，可容易地实现另外的修改，因此在不背离权利要求及等同范围所限定的一般概念下，本发明并不限于特定的细节和这里示出与描述的实施例。

Claims (10)

  1. 一种地下污水生态净化及土壤改良装置，其特征在于，包括：
    净化装置本体，包括支架和净化框；
    所述支架呈多阶梯且中空的锥状，包括垂直设置的支撑柱和水平固定于支撑柱上的支撑杆，所述支撑杆沿支撑柱由上到下长度依次递增分布；
    所述净化框为顶部开口且呈方形的空心环，所述空心环从其一边上设有断口，两断面封闭，且两断面间的距离不小于所述支撑柱的外径；所述空心环内侧壁近两断面上缘处分别设有进水孔和出水孔；所述净化框上的进水孔、出水孔分别与上侧相邻净化框的出水孔、下侧相邻净化框的进水孔通过连接管相连通；
    所述净化框有内径依次递增的若干个；
    所述净化框从上到下内径依次递增的安装固定于支架上；
    太阳能电池模组，其设于净化装置本体顶部，包括太阳能电池板、蓄电池和控制器；
    污染物富集装置，设于深层土壤，包括两相对设置的正、负极导电板；
    抽提装置，其设于净化装置本体外部或其内部中空处，通过取水管将正、负极导电板附近的高浓度污水抽提至净化装置本体顶部；所述抽提装置间歇性启动，启动间隔不小于半小时；
    集水装置，其设于净化装置本体底部中空处或地表下，并与所述净化装置本体底部净化框的出水口相连通。
  2. 如权利要求1所述的地下污水生态净化及土壤改良装置，其特征在于，所述净化框由上到下包括植物净化部、微生物净化和沉降部、过滤净化部，每部包含数个净化框；其中，所述植物净化部各净化框分别种植有水生超富集植物、土培超富集植物以及速生植物。
  3. 如权利要求1所述的地下污水生态净化及土壤改良装置，其特征在于，所述微生物净化和沉降部投放有固定化微生物，每个净化框内所投放的优势微生物菌种不同，包括具有富集和分解功能的固定化微生物；
    所述微生物净化和沉降部内设有疏松多孔的微生物附着体，所述微生物附着体优选陶瓷环、蛭石、沸石、红砖颗粒中的一种或几种；
    所述微生物净化和沉降部的净化框内设有加热装置、超声波发生器、气泵和照明装置；
    所述加热装置、超声波发生器、气泵和照明装置与所述控制器相连通。
  4. 如权利要求1所述的地下污水生态净化及土壤改良装置，其特征在于，所述微生物净化和沉降部的全部或部分净化框采用亚克力或玻璃材质。
  5. 如权利要求1所述的地下污水生态净化及土壤改良装置，其特征在于，所述微生物净化和沉降部内设有小型观赏植物。
  6. 如权利要求1所述的地下污水生态净化及土壤改良装置，其特征在于，所述植物净化部内的植物应及时更换或修剪。
  7. 如权利要求1所述的地下污水生态净化及土壤改良装置，其特征在于，所述进水孔和出水孔处设有滤网。
  8. 如权利要求1所述的地下污水生态净化及土壤改良装置，其特征在于，所述净化装置本体底部设有支撑足。
  9. 如权利要求1所述的地下污水生态净化及土壤改良装置，其特征在于，所述净化装置本体内水的最大流速不超过0.1m/s。
  10. 如权利要求1所述的地下污水生态净化及土壤改良装置，其特征在于，所述污染物富集装置和抽提装置由太阳能电池模组或外接电源供电。
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