WO2020052087A1 - 保护电路 - Google Patents

保护电路 Download PDF

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Publication number
WO2020052087A1
WO2020052087A1 PCT/CN2018/117760 CN2018117760W WO2020052087A1 WO 2020052087 A1 WO2020052087 A1 WO 2020052087A1 CN 2018117760 W CN2018117760 W CN 2018117760W WO 2020052087 A1 WO2020052087 A1 WO 2020052087A1
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WO
WIPO (PCT)
Prior art keywords
circuit
voltage
protection
transient suppression
short
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Ceased
Application number
PCT/CN2018/117760
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English (en)
French (fr)
Inventor
赵文勤
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
HKC Co Ltd
Chongqing HKC Optoelectronics Technology Co Ltd
Original Assignee
HKC Co Ltd
Chongqing HKC Optoelectronics Technology Co Ltd
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Publication date
Application filed by HKC Co Ltd, Chongqing HKC Optoelectronics Technology Co Ltd filed Critical HKC Co Ltd
Priority to US17/041,808 priority Critical patent/US11322933B2/en
Publication of WO2020052087A1 publication Critical patent/WO2020052087A1/zh
Anticipated expiration legal-status Critical
Ceased legal-status Critical Current

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    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
    • H02H—EMERGENCY PROTECTIVE CIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS
    • H02H3/00—Emergency protective circuit arrangements for automatic disconnection directly responsive to an undesired change from normal electric working condition with or without subsequent reconnection ; integrated protection
    • H02H3/20—Emergency protective circuit arrangements for automatic disconnection directly responsive to an undesired change from normal electric working condition with or without subsequent reconnection ; integrated protection responsive to excess voltage
    • H02H3/22—Emergency protective circuit arrangements for automatic disconnection directly responsive to an undesired change from normal electric working condition with or without subsequent reconnection ; integrated protection responsive to excess voltage of short duration, e.g. lightning
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
    • H02H—EMERGENCY PROTECTIVE CIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS
    • H02H9/00—Emergency protective circuit arrangements for limiting excess current or voltage without disconnection
    • H02H9/04—Emergency protective circuit arrangements for limiting excess current or voltage without disconnection responsive to excess voltage
    • H02H9/041—Emergency protective circuit arrangements for limiting excess current or voltage without disconnection responsive to excess voltage using a short-circuiting device
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
    • H02H—EMERGENCY PROTECTIVE CIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS
    • H02H9/00—Emergency protective circuit arrangements for limiting excess current or voltage without disconnection
    • H02H9/005—Emergency protective circuit arrangements for limiting excess current or voltage without disconnection avoiding undesired transient conditions
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
    • H02H—EMERGENCY PROTECTIVE CIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS
    • H02H9/00—Emergency protective circuit arrangements for limiting excess current or voltage without disconnection
    • H02H9/04—Emergency protective circuit arrangements for limiting excess current or voltage without disconnection responsive to excess voltage
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
    • H02H—EMERGENCY PROTECTIVE CIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS
    • H02H3/00—Emergency protective circuit arrangements for automatic disconnection directly responsive to an undesired change from normal electric working condition with or without subsequent reconnection ; integrated protection
    • H02H3/20—Emergency protective circuit arrangements for automatic disconnection directly responsive to an undesired change from normal electric working condition with or without subsequent reconnection ; integrated protection responsive to excess voltage
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
    • H02H—EMERGENCY PROTECTIVE CIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS
    • H02H9/00—Emergency protective circuit arrangements for limiting excess current or voltage without disconnection
    • H02H9/02—Emergency protective circuit arrangements for limiting excess current or voltage without disconnection responsive to excess current
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H10—SEMICONDUCTOR DEVICES; ELECTRIC SOLID-STATE DEVICES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • H10W—GENERIC PACKAGES, INTERCONNECTIONS, CONNECTORS OR OTHER CONSTRUCTIONAL DETAILS OF DEVICES COVERED BY CLASS H10
    • H10W20/00—Interconnections in chips, wafers or substrates
    • H10W20/01—Manufacture or treatment
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H10—SEMICONDUCTOR DEVICES; ELECTRIC SOLID-STATE DEVICES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • H10W—GENERIC PACKAGES, INTERCONNECTIONS, CONNECTORS OR OTHER CONSTRUCTIONAL DETAILS OF DEVICES COVERED BY CLASS H10
    • H10W42/00—Arrangements for protection of devices
    • H10W42/60—Arrangements for protection of devices protecting against electrostatic charges or discharges, e.g. Faraday shields

Definitions

  • the present application relates to the technical field of circuit protection, and in particular, to a protection circuit.
  • transient inverter circuits are provided in some circuits, which are mainly used to prevent the inrush current introduced when the power grid is unstable, which will burn the components.
  • the transient inverter circuit receives an overshoot voltage, it will change the high resistance at both ends to low resistance at a very high speed to protect the subsequent connected circuits from being damaged.
  • the transient inverter circuit is burnt and short-circuited, it cannot continue to protect subsequent circuits.
  • a protection circuit is provided.
  • a protection circuit includes:
  • Transient suppression circuit set to suppress transient voltage
  • a short-circuit protection circuit connected between the transient suppression circuit and a ground terminal
  • the short circuit protection circuit disconnects a loop where the transient suppression circuit is located when the transient suppression circuit is short-circuited and the transient voltage is a protection voltage.
  • the above protection circuit is provided with a short-circuit protection unit between the transient suppression unit and the ground.
  • the short-circuit protection unit can disconnect the circuit where the transient suppression unit is located when the transient suppression unit is short-circuited and the transient voltage is the protection voltage. Disconnect the protection circuit, the protection circuit has no effect on the input signal, so as to avoid the short circuit of the protected signal to ground, and ensure the normal operation of the subsequent circuit.
  • a protection circuit includes:
  • a transient suppression circuit configured to suppress the input transient voltage within the protection voltage
  • a short-circuit protection circuit connected between the transient suppression circuit and a ground terminal
  • the short circuit protection circuit includes a first voltage dividing circuit, a second voltage dividing circuit, and a switching circuit; the first voltage dividing circuit and the second voltage dividing circuit are connected in series to the transient suppression circuit and the ground terminal in sequence. Between; the control terminal of the switching circuit is connected between the first voltage dividing circuit and the second voltage dividing circuit; the input terminal of the switching circuit is connected to the transient suppression circuit; the switching circuit The output terminal of is connected to the ground terminal; the first voltage dividing circuit and the second voltage dividing circuit jointly control the switching circuit when the transient suppression circuit is short-circuited and the instantaneous voltage is greater than the protection voltage , Is in an on state, and is in an off state when the transient suppression circuit is short-circuited and the instantaneous voltage is a protection voltage.
  • FIG. 1 is a principle block diagram of a protection circuit in an embodiment
  • FIG. 2 is a schematic block diagram of a short circuit in an embodiment
  • FIG. 3 is a circuit diagram of a protection circuit in an embodiment.
  • a protection circuit includes a transient suppression circuit 12 and a short-circuit protection circuit 14.
  • the short-circuit protection circuit 14 is connected in series between the transient suppression circuit 12 and a ground terminal.
  • the transient suppression circuit 12 is used to suppress the transient voltage, so as to avoid the subsequent circuit from being interfered by the transient high voltage higher than the protection voltage, resulting in damage to the circuit.
  • the short-circuit protection circuit 14 is used to disconnect the loop where the transient suppression circuit 12 is located when the transient suppression circuit 12 is short-circuited and the transient voltage is a protection voltage.
  • the transient suppression circuit 12 when the transient suppression circuit 12 is working normally, when the transient voltage is greater than the protection voltage, the transient suppression circuit 12 is reverse breakdown and can suddenly reduce its impedance at a very high speed, while absorbing one The large current clamps the voltage between the two ends to a predetermined value, thereby ensuring that the subsequent circuit components are not damaged by the transient high-energy impact, thereby achieving the purpose of protecting subsequent circuits.
  • the transient high voltage disappears, the transient suppression circuit 12 returns to the high-impedance state.
  • the transient high-voltage shock is received again, the transient suppression circuit 12 repeats the above-mentioned operation, thereby reciprocating.
  • the transient suppression circuit 12 When the transient voltage is a protection voltage, the transient suppression circuit 12 assumes a high-impedance state, which does not affect the normal working of the subsequent circuits and the normal operation of the system. Therefore, the protection voltage can be set by setting the transient suppression circuit 12. When the transient voltage is greater than the protection voltage, the transient suppression circuit 12 assumes a low-impedance state, thereby forming a loop discharge, which further causes the voltage applied to the subsequent circuit, that is, the protected circuit, to be within the protection voltage, thereby achieving protection for the subsequent circuit. When the transient voltage is a protection voltage, the transient suppression circuit 12 is in a high-impedance state and does not affect the normal operation of subsequent circuits.
  • the short-circuit protection circuit 14 plays a protective role to ensure that subsequent circuits can work normally. Specifically, the short-circuit protection circuit 14 is used to control the circuit where the transient suppression circuit 12 is disconnected when the transient suppression circuit 12 is damaged and short-circuited and the transient voltage is a protection voltage, so as to prevent the protected signal from being short-circuited to ground and ensure that Normal operation of subsequent circuits.
  • the short circuit protection circuit 14 has two states, namely an on state and an off state.
  • the transient suppression circuit 12 When the components in the transient suppression circuit 12 are not damaged, when the transient voltage is the protection voltage, the components in the transient suppression circuit 12 will not be reversely broken down.
  • the transient suppression circuit 12 is equivalent to Open circuit, the transient suppression circuit 12 and the short-circuit protection circuit 14 do not work, and the system works normally; when the transient high voltage is greater than the protection voltage, the components in the transient suppression circuit 12 are reversely broken down, and the impedance of the transient suppression circuit 12 suddenly abruptly decline.
  • the short-circuit protection circuit 14 is in an on state, so that the loop where the transient suppression circuit 12 is located absorbs a large current and has a clamping function, thereby protecting the circuit components behind it.
  • the transient suppression circuit 12 is damaged under a high voltage for a long time or an excessively high voltage for a short time, and appears as a short circuit state.
  • the transient voltage is a protection voltage
  • the short-circuit protection circuit 14 is in an off state, thereby ensuring that the normal input signal does not pass through the circuit in which the transient suppression circuit 12 is in a short-circuit state, and the system works normally; when the transient voltage is greater than the protection
  • the short-circuit protection circuit 14 is in a conducting state, thereby ensuring that the transient high voltage passes through the loop where the transient suppression circuit 12 is located, so as to avoid the impact of the transient high voltage on subsequent circuit components and ensure the normal operation of the subsequent circuit.
  • the short-circuit protection circuit 14 includes a first voltage dividing circuit 140, a second voltage dividing circuit 142, and a switching circuit 144.
  • the first voltage-dividing circuit 140 and the second voltage-dividing circuit 142 are connected in series between the transient suppression circuit 12 and the ground in sequence.
  • the control terminal 148 of the switching circuit 144 is connected between the first voltage dividing circuit 140 and the second voltage dividing circuit 142, the input terminal 146 is connected to the transient suppression circuit 12, and the output terminal 149 is connected to the ground terminal.
  • the first voltage dividing circuit 140 and the second voltage dividing circuit 142 work together to control the switching circuit 144 to be in a conducting state when the transient suppression circuit 12 is short-circuited and the instantaneous voltage is greater than the protection voltage, and is short-circuited to the transient suppression circuit 12 And when the instantaneous voltage is a protection voltage, it is in an off state.
  • the first voltage dividing circuit 140 includes a first resistor R1
  • the second voltage dividing circuit 142 includes a second resistor R2, as shown in FIG. 3.
  • the first voltage dividing circuit 140 may also be a resistance circuit formed by two or more resistors connected in series or in parallel.
  • the second voltage dividing circuit 142 may also be a resistance circuit composed of two or more resistors connected in series or in parallel, and is not limited to this embodiment.
  • the switching circuit 144 is a PMOS transistor T1
  • the gate of the PMOS transistor T1 is used as the control terminal 148 of the switching circuit 144
  • the source of the PMOS transistor T1 is used as the input terminal 146 of the switching circuit 144
  • the drain of the PMOS transistor T1 is The pole serves as the output terminal 149 of the switching circuit 144, as shown in FIG.
  • the turn-on voltage of the PMOS tube T1 is -0.6V, that is, when the voltage between the gate and the drain of the PMOS tube T1 is greater than -0.6V, the PMOS tube T1 is in an on state, otherwise cutoff.
  • the resistance ratio of the first voltage dividing circuit 140 and the second voltage dividing circuit 142 is 1 to 7. Assume that the level to be protected is a TTL high level of 3.3V. When the components in the transient suppression circuit 12 are not damaged, if the transient voltage is greater than the protection voltage, the components in the transient suppression circuit 12 are reversed.
  • the transient suppression circuit 12 is reversely broken down and can suddenly reduce its impedance at a very high speed. At the same time, it absorbs a large current and clamps the voltage between its two ends to a predetermined value to ensure the following. The circuit components are protected from transient high-energy shocks, thereby protecting the circuit. When the transient voltage disappears, the transient suppression circuit 12 returns to a high-impedance state.
  • the transient suppression circuit 12 repeats the above-mentioned operation, thereby reciprocating.
  • the transient voltage is a protection voltage
  • the transient suppression circuit 12 assumes a high-impedance state, which does not affect the normal working of the subsequent circuits and the normal operation of the system.
  • the gate and drain of the PMOS tube T1 are caused by the voltage dividing effect of the first voltage dividing circuit 140 and the second voltage dividing circuit 142.
  • the voltage between the electrodes is Vgs> -0.6V, and the PMOS tube T1 is turned on, thereby ensuring that the transient high voltage passes through the loop where the transient suppression circuit 12 is located to avoid the impact of the transient high voltage on the subsequent circuit components and ensure the normal operation of the subsequent circuit;
  • the transient voltage is a protection voltage
  • the conduction condition of the PMOS transistor T1 cannot be reached at this time, and the PMOS transistor T1 is turned off. Since there is no way to turn on the PMOS transistor T1, the short circuit protection circuit 14 is turned off at this time, thereby ensuring the input
  • the normal signal does not pass through the loop where the transient suppression circuit 12 is in a short circuit state, and the system works normally.
  • the transient suppression circuit 12 includes a steering diode array and a Zener diode.
  • the steering diode array is composed of eight transient suppression diodes (D2 to D9) connected in series and connected in parallel, and the zener diode and the steering diode array are connected in parallel to form a transient suppression circuit 12.
  • Input terminal 16 is connected to power or ground.
  • the steering diode can protect the input signal 10 when it is a positive signal or a negative signal. For example, when a positive voltage is input to 102, a current flows to diode D2; when a negative voltage is input to 102, a current flows to diode D3.
  • the transient suppression circuit 12 is a transient suppression chip, that is, the steering diode array and the Zener diode D1 are packaged together.
  • the short-circuit protection circuit 14 may be integrated inside the transient suppression chip. At this time, the protection circuit acts as an independent transient suppression chip (TVS).
  • TVS independent transient suppression chip

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  • Emergency Protection Circuit Devices (AREA)

Abstract

一种保护电路包括：瞬态抑制电路，设置为抑制瞬态电压；以及短路保护电路，连接于瞬态抑制电路与接地端之间；其中，短路保护电路在瞬态抑制电路短路且瞬态电压为保护电压时，断开瞬态抑制电路所在的回路。短路保护电路具有导通状态和关断状态；短路保护电路在瞬态抑制电路短路且瞬态电压大于保护电压时，处于导通状态；短路保护电路在瞬态抑制电路短路且所述瞬态电压为保护电压时，处于关断状态。

Description

保护电路 技术领域
本申请涉及电路保护技术领域，特别是涉及一种保护电路。
背景技术
这里的陈述仅提供与本申请有关的背景信息，而不必然地构成示例性技术。
目前有些电路中会设置瞬态逆变电路，主要用于防止电网不稳定时，引入的浪涌电流烧毁元件。当瞬态逆变电路受到过冲电压时，会以极高的速度把两端高电阻变为低电阻，以保护后续连接的电路不被损坏。而当瞬态逆变电路被烧毁短路后，不能继续保护后续电路。
发明内容
根据本申请的各种实施例，提供一种保护电路。
一种保护电路，包括：
瞬态抑制电路，设置为抑制瞬态电压；以及
短路保护电路，连接于所述瞬态抑制电路与接地端之间；
其中，所述短路保护电路在所述瞬态抑制电路短路且所述瞬态电压为保护电压时，断开所述瞬态抑制电路所在的回路。
上述保护电路在瞬态抑制单元和地之间设置有短路保护单元，短路保护单元能够在瞬态抑制单元短路且瞬态电压为保护电压时，将瞬态抑制单元所在的回路断开，也就是让保护电路断开，保护电路对输入信号不起作用，从 而避免受保护的信号对地短路，确保后续电路的正常工作。
一种保护电路，包括：
瞬态抑制电路，设置为将输入的瞬态电压抑制保护电压以内；以及
短路保护电路，连接于所述瞬态抑制电路与接地端之间；
所述短路保护电路包括第一分压电路、第二分压电路和开关电路；所述第一分压电路和所述第二分压电路依次串联于所述瞬态抑制电路和所述接地端之间；所述开关电路的控制端连接于所述第一分压电路和所述第二分压电路之间；所述开关电路的输入端与所述瞬态抑制电路连接；所述开关电路的输出端与所述接地端连接；所述第一分压电路和所述第二分压电路共同控制所述开关电路在所述瞬态抑制电路短路且所述瞬间电压大于所述保护电压时，处于导通状态，并在所述瞬态抑制电路短路且所述瞬间电压为保护电压时，处于关断状态。
本申请的一个或多个实施例的细节在下面的附图和描述中提出。本申请的其他特征、目的和优点将从说明书、附图以及权利要求书变得明显。
附图说明
为了更清楚地说明本申请实施例或示例性技术中的技术方案，下面将对实施例或示例性技术描述中所需要使用的附图作简单地介绍，显而易见地，下面描述中的附图仅仅是本申请的一些实施例，对于本领域普通技术人员来讲，在不付出创造性劳动的前提下，还可以根据这些附图获得其他实施例的附图。
图1为一实施例中的保护电路的原理框图；
图2为一实施例中的短路电路的原理框图；
图3为一实施例中的保护电路的电路图。
具体实施方式
为了使本申请的目的、技术方案及优点更加清楚明白，以下结合附图及 实施例，对本申请进行进一步详细说明。应当理解，此处所描述的具体实施例仅仅用以解释本申请，并不用于限定本申请。
在本申请的描述中，需要理解的是，术语“中心”、“横向”、“上”、“下”“左”、“右”、“竖直”、“水平”、“顶”、“底”、“内”以及“外”等指示的方位或位置关系为基于附图所示的方位或位置关系，仅是为了便于描述本申请和简化描述，而不是指示或暗示所指的装置或元件必须具有特定的方位、以特定的方位构造和操作，因此不能理解为对本申请的限制。此外，需要说明的是，当元件被称为“形成在另一元件上”时，它可以直接连接到另一元件上或者可能同时存在居中元件。当一个元件被认为是“连接”另一个元件，它可以直接连接到另一元件或者同时存在居中元件。相反，当元件被称作“直接在”另一元件“上”时，不存在中间元件。
在一个实施例中，如图1所示，一种保护电路包括瞬态抑制电路12和短路保护电路14。短路保护电路14串联在瞬态抑制电路12和接地端之间。瞬态抑制电路12用于抑制瞬态电压，以避免后续电路受到高于保护电压的瞬态高压的干扰，导致电路受损。短路保护电路14用于在瞬态抑制电路12被击毁短路且瞬态电压为保护电压时，断开瞬态抑制电路12所在的回路。
具体地，瞬态抑制电路12在正常工作的情况下，当瞬态电压大于保护电压时，瞬态抑制电路12被反向击穿且能以极高的速度使其阻抗骤然降低，同时吸收一个大电流，将其两端间的电压箝位在一个预定的数值上，从而确保后面的电路元件免受瞬态高能量的冲击而损坏，从而达到保护后续电路的目的。而当该瞬态高压消失后，瞬态抑制电路12又会恢复到高阻抗的状态。当再次受到瞬态高压冲击时，瞬态抑制电路12重复上述的工作，以此往复。当瞬态电压为保护电压时，瞬态抑制电路12呈现为高阻态，不会影响后续电路的正常工作系统正常工作。因此，可以通过对瞬态抑制电路12的设置来实现对保护电压的设定。当瞬态电压大于保护电压时，瞬态抑制电路12呈现为低阻态，从而形成回路放电，进而使得加载到后续电路也即受保护电路的电压在保护电压以内，实现对后续电路的保护。当瞬态电压为保护电压时，瞬态 抑制电路12呈现为高阻态，不会影响后续电路的正常工作。
当瞬态抑制电路12中的元件被损坏而短路时，短路保护电路14起到保护作用，确保后续电路能够正常工作。具体地，短路保护电路14用于在瞬态抑制电路12被损坏短路且瞬态电压为保护电压时，控制瞬态抑制电路12所在的回路断开，从而避免受保护的信号对地短路，确保后续电路的正常工作。
可选地，在一个实施例中，短路保护电路14有两种状态，即导通状态和关断状态。在瞬态抑制电路12内的元件没有被损害的情况下，当瞬态电压为保护电压时，瞬态抑制电路12内的元件不会被反向击穿，此时瞬态抑制电路12相当于开路，瞬态抑制电路12和短路保护电路14都不工作，系统正常工作；当瞬态高压大于保护电压时，瞬态抑制电路12内的元件被逆向击穿，瞬态抑制电路12的阻抗骤然下降。此时短路保护电路14为导通状态，从而使得瞬态抑制电路12所在的回路吸收一个大电流且有箝压的作用，从而起到保护后面的电路元件的作用。
瞬态抑制电路12在长时间的高压下或者瞬间过高的电压作用下会发生损坏，呈现为短路状态。当瞬态电压为保护电压时，短路保护电路14处于关断状态，从而确保输入的正常信号不会通过处于短路状态的瞬态抑制电路12所在的回路，系统正常工作；当瞬态电压大于保护电压时，短路保护电路14处于导通状态，从而确保瞬态高压经过瞬态抑制电路12所在的回路，以避免瞬态高压对后续电路元件的影响，确保后续电路的正常工作。
可选地，在一个实施例中，如图2所示，短路保护电路14包括第一分压电路140、第二分压电路142和开关电路144。第一分压电路140和第二分压电路142依次串联于瞬态抑制电路12和接地端之间。开关电路144的控制端148连接于第一分压电路140和第二分压电路142之间，输入端146与瞬态抑制电路12连接，输出端149与接地端连接。第一分压电路140和第二分压电路142共同作用以控制开关电路144在所述瞬态抑制电路12短路且瞬间电压大于保护电压时，处于导通状态，并在瞬态抑制电路12短路且所述瞬间电压为保护电压时，处于关断状态。
具体地，在一个实施例中，第一分压电路140包括第一电阻R1，第二分压电路142包括第二电阻R2，如图3所示。在其他的实施例中，第一分压电路140也可以由两个或者两个以上的电阻串联或者并联构成的电阻电路。第二分压电路142同样可以为两个或者两个以上的电阻串联或者并联构成的电阻电路，而并不限于本实施例的限定。
在另一个实施例中，开关电路144为PMOS管T1，PMOS管T1的栅极作为开关电路144的控制端148，PMOS管T1的源极作为开关电路144的输入端146，PMOS管T1的漏极作为开关电路144的输出端149，如图3所示。
可选地，在一个实施例中，PMOS管T1的开启电压为-0.6V，即当PMOS管T1的栅极和漏极间的电压大于-0.6V时，PMOS管T1处于导通状态，否则截止。第一分压电路140和第二分压电路142的阻值比为1比7。假设需要保护的电平为3.3V的TTL高电平，在瞬态抑制电路12内的元件未被损坏的情况下，如果瞬态电压大于保护电压时，瞬态抑制电路12内的元件被逆向击穿，由于第一分压电路140和第二电路142的分压作用，只要加载在源极的电压大于4.2V就可以使栅极和漏极间的电压Vgs>-0.6V,PMOS管T1导通形成回路放电。此时瞬态抑制电路12被反向击穿且能以极高的速度使其阻抗骤然降低，同时吸收一个大电流，将其两端间的电压箝位在一个预定的数值上，从而确保后面的电路元件免受瞬态高能量的冲击而损坏，从而达到保护电路的目的。而当该瞬态电压消失后，瞬态抑制电路12又会恢复到高阻抗的状态。当再次受到瞬态电压冲击时，瞬态抑制电路12重复上述的工作，以此往复。当瞬态电压为保护电压时，瞬态抑制电路12呈现为高阻态，不会影响后续电路的正常工作系统正常工作。
在瞬态抑制电路12内的元件被损坏的情况下，如果瞬态电压大于保护电压，由于第一分压电路140和第二分压电路142的分压作用使PMOS管T1的栅极和漏极间的电压Vgs>-0.6V，PMOS管T1导通，从而确保瞬态高压经过瞬态抑制电路12所在的回路，以避免瞬态高压对后续电路元件的影响，确保后续电路的正常工作；如果瞬态电压为保护电压，此时达不到PMOS管T1的导 通条件，PMOS管T1关断，由于没办法打开PMOS管T1，此时短路保护电路14处于关断状态，从而确保输入的正常信号不会通过处于短路状态的瞬态抑制电路12所在的回路，系统正常工作。
在一种实施例中，瞬态抑制电路12包括控向二极管阵列以及稳压二极管。控向二极管阵列由八个瞬态抑制二极管(D2～D9)两两串联后再并联构成，稳压二极管与控向二极管阵列并联形成瞬态抑制电路12。输入端16接电源或者地。保护电路的输入端可以有4个，包括100、102、104、106，即该电路可以同时保护多路输入信号。控向二极管可以使输入信号10为正信号或者负信号时都可以得到保护，例如当102输入正电压时，电流流向二极管D2；当102输入负电压时，电流流向二极管D3。
在一种实施例中，上述瞬态抑制电路12为瞬态抑制芯片，也即控向二极管阵列以及稳压管D1一并封装。
在一种实施例中，短路保护电路14可以集成在上述瞬态抑制芯片内部。此时保护电路作为一个独立的瞬态抑制芯片(TVS)。
以上所述实施例的各技术特征可以进行任意的组合，为使描述简洁，未对上述实施例中的各个技术特征所有可能的组合都进行描述，然而，只要这些技术特征的组合不存在矛盾，都应当认为是本说明书记载的范围。
以上所述实施例仅表达了本申请的几种实施方式，其描述较为具体和详细，但并不能因此而理解为对申请专利范围的限制。应当指出的是，对于本领域的普通技术人员来说，在不脱离本申请构思的前提下，还可以做出若干变形和改进，这些都属于本申请的保护范围。因此，本申请专利的保护范围应以所附权利要求为准。

Claims (20)

  1. 一种保护电路，包括：
    瞬态抑制电路，设置为抑制瞬态电压；以及
    短路保护电路，连接于所述瞬态抑制电路与接地端之间；
    其中，所述短路保护电路在所述瞬态抑制电路短路且所述瞬态电压为保护电压时，断开所述瞬态抑制电路所在的回路。
  2. 根据权利要求1所述的保护电路，其中，所述短路保护电路具有导通状态和关断状态；所述短路保护电路在所述瞬态抑制电路短路且所述瞬态电压大于所述保护电压时，处于导通状态；所述短路保护电路在所述瞬态抑制电路短路且所述瞬态电压为保护电压时，处于关断状态。
  3. 根据权利要求2所述的保护电路，其中，所述短路保护电路包括第一分压电路、第二分压电路和开关电路；所述第一分压电路和所述第二分压电路依次串联于所述瞬态抑制电路和所述接地端之间；所述开关电路的控制端连接于所述第一分压电路和所述第二分压电路之间；所述开关电路的输入端与所述瞬态抑制电路连接；所述开关电路的输出端与所述接地端连接；所述第一分压电路和所述第二分压电路共同控制所述开关电路在所述瞬态抑制电路短路且所述瞬间电压大于所述保护电压时，处于导通状态，并在所述瞬态抑制电路短路且所述瞬间电压为保护电压时，处于关断状态。
  4. 根据权利要求3所述的保护电路，其中，所述第一分压电路包括第一电阻。
  5. 根据权利要求3所述的保护电路，其中，所述第一分压电路包括两个或两个以上的电阻，所述电阻之间相互串联或者并联。
  6. 根据权利要求3所述的保护电路，其中，所述第二分压电路包括第二电阻。
  7. 根据权利要求3所述的保护电路，其中，所述第二分压电路包括两个或两个以上的电阻，所述电阻之间相互串联或者并联。
  8. 根据权利要求3所述的保护电路，其中，所述开关电路包括PMOS管； 所述PMOS管的栅极作为所述控制端；所述PMOS管的源极作为所述输入端；所述PMOS管的漏极作为所述输出端。
  9. 根据权利要求8所述的保护电路，其中，所述PMOS管的开启电压为-0.6伏特；所述第一分压电路和第二分压电路的阻值比为1：7。
  10. 根据权利要求1所述的保护电路，其中，所述瞬态抑制电路包括控向二极管阵列以及稳压二极管；所述控向二极管阵列包括八个瞬态抑制二极管；所述八个瞬态抑制二极管两两串联后再并联构成；所述稳压二极管与所述控向二极管阵列并联；所述短路保护电路与所述稳压二极管串联并接地。
  11. 根据权利要求10所述的保护电路，其中，所述保护电路包括多个信号输入端，所述信号输入端设置于所述两两并联的瞬态抑制二极管之间；所述信号输入端设置为将输入信号输入给所述保护电路。
  12. 根据权利要求11所述的保护电路，其中，所述输入信号为电压信号。
  13. 根据权利要求1所述的保护电路，其中，所述瞬态抑制电路为瞬态抑制芯片。
  14. 根据权利要求13所述的保护电路，其中，所述短路保护电路集成在所述瞬态抑制芯片内。
  15. 一种保护电路，包括：
    瞬态抑制电路，设置为将输入的瞬态电压抑制保护电压以内；以及
    短路保护电路，连接于所述瞬态抑制电路与接地端之间；
    所述短路保护电路包括第一分压电路、第二分压电路和开关电路；所述第一分压电路和所述第二分压电路依次串联于所述瞬态抑制电路和所述接地端之间；所述开关电路的控制端连接于所述第一分压电路和所述第二分压电路之间；所述开关电路的输入端与所述瞬态抑制电路连接；所述开关电路的输出端与所述接地端连接；所述第一分压电路和所述第二分压电路共同控制所述开关电路在所述瞬态抑制电路短路且所述瞬间电压大于所述保护电压时，处于导通状态，并在所述瞬态抑制电路短路且所述瞬间电压为保护电压时，处于关断状态。
  16. 根据权利要求15所述的保护电路，其中，所述瞬态抑制电路包括控向二极管阵列以及稳压二极管；所述控向二极管阵列包括八个瞬态抑制二极管；所述八个瞬态抑制二极管两两串联后再并联构成；所述稳压二极管与所述控向二极管阵列并联；所述短路保护电路与所述稳压二极管串联并接地。
  17. 根据权利要求16所述的保护电路，其中，所述保护电路包括多个信号输入端，所述信号输入端设置于所述两两并联的瞬态抑制二极管之间；所述信号输入端设置为将输入信号输入给所述保护电路。
  18. 根据权利要求17所述的保护电路，其中，所述输入信号为电压信号。
  19. 根据权利要求15所述的保护电路，其中，所述开关电路包括PMOS管；所述PMOS管的栅极作为所述控制端；所述PMOS管的源极作为所述输入端；所述PMOS管的漏极作为所述输出端。
  20. 根据权利要求19所述的保护电路，其中，所述PMOS管的开启电压为-0.6伏特；所述第一分压电路和第二分压电路的阻值比为1：7。
PCT/CN2018/117760 2018-09-13 2018-11-27 保护电路 Ceased WO2020052087A1 (zh)

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