WO2020048071A1 - 一种变水头渗透系数测量系统和测量方法 - Google Patents

一种变水头渗透系数测量系统和测量方法 Download PDF

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Publication number
WO2020048071A1
WO2020048071A1 PCT/CN2018/125972 CN2018125972W WO2020048071A1 WO 2020048071 A1 WO2020048071 A1 WO 2020048071A1 CN 2018125972 W CN2018125972 W CN 2018125972W WO 2020048071 A1 WO2020048071 A1 WO 2020048071A1
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water
test
permeability coefficient
pipe
water storage
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French (fr)
Inventor
刘伟韬
刘玉本
杜衍辉
庞立夫
孙茜
徐百超
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Shandong University of Science and Technology
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Shandong University of Science and Technology
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    • GPHYSICS
    • G01MEASURING; TESTING
    • G01NINVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
    • G01N15/00Investigating characteristics of particles; Investigating permeability, pore-volume or surface-area of porous materials
    • G01N15/08Investigating permeability, pore-volume, or surface area of porous materials
    • G01N15/082Investigating permeability by forcing a fluid through a sample
    • G01N15/0826Investigating permeability by forcing a fluid through a sample and measuring fluid flow rate, i.e. permeation rate or pressure change

Definitions

  • the present invention relates to the technical field of rock permeability experiments, and in particular, to a test device for measuring a variable head permeability coefficient and a method for measuring the permeability coefficient using the device.
  • Simulation experiments of similar materials are important geotechnical research technology means. Models similar to the actual engineering are made in the laboratory according to similar principles, and the mechanical parameters and stress distribution laws of the models are observed with the help of test instruments. The results infer the possible mechanical phenomena in the prototype and the law of stress distribution in the rock mass, so as to solve practical problems in the production of geotechnical engineering. Similarly, in the process of mine geological research, it is also an important research method to use similar material simulation experiments to study the permeability coefficient of rock and soil.
  • the permeability coefficient that is, the hydraulic conductivity coefficient, is an index that characterizes the permeability of rock and soil. The determination of the seepage value is of great significance.
  • the present invention provides a variable water head permeability coefficient measurement system and measurement method.
  • the specific technical solution is as follows.
  • a variable water head permeability coefficient measurement system includes a liquid storage system, a test system, a control system, and a data processing system; the liquid storage system includes a water storage barrel, a sealing cover, and an adapter box; and the sealing cover is provided in the storage
  • the upper end of the water bucket is provided with a water injection port and an air inlet on the sealing cover; the adapter box is provided at the bottom of the water storage bucket
  • the control system includes an automatic control valve, a heating rod, a pressure gauge, an intake pipe, a high-pressure gas tank, and a pressure reducing valve; the automatic control valve is connected to an adapter box; the heating rod is provided inside the water storage tank;
  • the high-pressure gas tank communicates with the air inlet on the sealing cap through an air inlet pipe;
  • the test system includes a test stand, a water pipe and a test cylinder; the water pipe connects the test cylinder and an automatic control valve; the water storage bucket and the test cylinder
  • the data processing system includes a signal acquisition instrument
  • a scale is provided on a side wall of the water storage bucket, and the water storage bucket is connected to the sealing cover and the adapter box by screwing; the water injection port is sealed by a rubber plug, and the air inlet is tied into the seal by a fastening hoop. .
  • a pressure reducing valve is provided at the outlet of the high-pressure gas tank, and the pressure reducing valve is connected to the air inlet pipe; the length of the air inlet that extends into the water storage tank is greater than the length of the water injection port that extends into the water storage tank.
  • the aqueduct is a tendon tube, and the end of the aqueduct is connected by a tendon joint; a pressure gauge is set on the aqueduct.
  • the test cylinder includes a test chamber, a sealing cap, a sealing tray, and a connecting tube, and the test specimen is placed in the test chamber;
  • the sealing cap is disposed above the test chamber and is connected to the test chamber by a thread;
  • the sealed tray is connected with the bottom of the test chamber by a thread;
  • an overflow hole is opened on the side wall of the test cylinder, and the overflow hole is provided at the position where the sealing cap intersects the test chamber;
  • a support frame is provided at the bottom of the test chamber, and a simulated test specimen of similar material is placed on the support frame; the length of the simulated test specimen of similar material is equal to the length of the internal cavity of the test chamber, and the simulated test specimen of similar material The diameter is equal to the inner diameter of the test chamber; the water guide pipe is connected to the test cylinder through a connecting pipe.
  • a method for measuring a variable water head permeability coefficient includes the following steps:
  • Vaseline is evenly coated on the surface of the simulation test specimen of similar material, and Vaseline is evenly coated on the inner surface of the test chamber, and the simulation test specimen of similar material is placed in the test chamber;
  • the water temperature is adjusted to 20 ° C., and the pressure gauge reading is maintained at 0.2 MPa.
  • a graduated scale is provided on the water storage bucket to facilitate the recording of experimental data; the length of the air inlet extending into the water storage bucket is greater than the length of the water injection opening into the water storage bucket to facilitate water injection, and to seal the water injection opening; A pressure gauge makes it easy to control and record water pressure.
  • the inner cavity of the test cavity of the test cylinder is similar in size to the simulated test specimen of a similar material, and is provided with an overflow hole, and the overflow hole is arranged on the test cavity, thereby conveniently recording the seepage time and the water level height.
  • the measurement system and measurement method of the present invention also have a simple structure, convenient operation, and short test cycle.
  • the degree of automation is high, which improves the advantages of measurement efficiency and measurement accuracy.
  • FIG. 1 is a schematic structural diagram of a variable water head permeability coefficient measurement system
  • FIG. 2 is a top view of the sealing cover
  • FIG. 3 is a schematic structural diagram of a water storage bucket
  • FIG. 4 is a schematic diagram of the internal structure of the transfer box
  • FIG. 5 is a schematic structural diagram of a rubber stopper
  • FIG. 6 is a schematic structural diagram of a test cylinder
  • FIG. 7 is a schematic diagram of the external structure of the test chamber
  • FIG. 8 is a schematic diagram of the internal structure of the test chamber
  • FIG. 9 is a schematic structural sectional view of a sealed tray
  • variable water head permeability coefficient measurement system and measurement method As described with reference to FIG. 1 to FIG. 9, specific embodiments of a variable water head permeability coefficient measurement system and measurement method provided by the present invention are as follows.
  • a variable water head permeability coefficient measurement system specifically includes a liquid storage system, a test system, a control system, and a data processing system. Through the cooperation of the liquid storage system 1, the test system 2, the control system 3, and the data processing system 4, the automatic control of the experimental process of permeability coefficient measurement is realized, thereby improving the test efficiency and measurement accuracy.
  • the liquid storage system 1 includes a water storage tank 11, a sealing cover 12, and an adapter box 13, the sealing cover 12 is provided on the upper end of the water storage barrel 11, and the sealing cover 12 is provided with a water injection port 121 and an air inlet 122, and The connection box 13 is disposed on the bottom of the water storage tank 11.
  • the water storage bucket 11 is connected to the sealing cover 12 and the adapter box 13 by threads.
  • the side wall of the water storage bucket 11 A scale ruler is provided on the scale for convenient experimental data recording, and the water storage bucket 11 is made of glass material.
  • the water injection port 121 is sealed by a rubber plug, and the air inlet 122 is tied into the seal by a fastening hoop to seal the water storage tank 11 so as to ensure stable pressure.
  • the length of the air inlet 122 protruding into the water storage barrel is greater than the length of the water injection opening extending into the water storage barrel, thereby facilitating water injection and sealing the water injection opening 121.
  • the control system 3 includes an automatic control valve 31, a heating rod 32, a pressure gauge 33, an intake pipe 34, a high-pressure gas tank 35, and a pressure reducing valve 36.
  • the automatic control valve 31 is connected to the transfer box.
  • the transfer box 13 and the automatic control valve 31 are connected by threads.
  • the automatic control valve 31 controls the injection of water for the seepage experiment.
  • the pressure gauge 33 is arranged on the water guide tube 22 near the transfer box. For feedback and recording of water pressure.
  • the heating rod 32 is disposed inside the water storage barrel 11 and may be disposed on the side wall or the bottom of the water storage barrel 11, and the heating rod 32 is further provided with a temperature detection module to feed back the water temperature and the working state of the heating rod 32 to the signal acquisition device 41.
  • the high-pressure gas tank 35 communicates with the air inlet 122 on the sealing cover 12 through the air inlet pipe 34.
  • a pressure reducing valve 36 is provided at the outlet of the high pressure gas tank 35.
  • the pressure reducing valve 36 is connected to the air inlet pipe 34.
  • the pressure reducing valve 36 is based on the pressure.
  • the feedback condition of the meter 33 is adjusted, so as to adjust the outlet water pressure of the water storage tank 11.
  • the test system 2 includes a test stand 21, a water guide tube 22, and a test cylinder 23.
  • the water guide tube 22 is connected to the test cylinder 23 and the automatic control valve 31.
  • a pressure gauge 33, a water storage tank 11 and a test cylinder 23 are provided on the water guide tube 22.
  • the aqueduct 22 is a tendon tube, and the ends of the aqueduct 22 are connected by a tendon joint.
  • the test cylinder 23 includes a test chamber 231, a sealing cap 232, a sealing tray 233, and a connection pipe 234, and a test specimen is placed in the test chamber 231.
  • the sealing cap 232 is disposed above the test chamber 231, and is connected to the test chamber 231 by screws, and the sealing tray 233 and the bottom of the test chamber 231 are connected by threads.
  • the sidewall of the test cylinder 23 is provided with an overflow hole 235, and the overflow hole 235 is provided at a position where the sealing cap 232 intersects the test cavity 231.
  • the sealing cap 232 is made of a metal material.
  • the connection pipe 234 is provided at the bottom of the sealing tray 233.
  • a support frame 23 6 is provided at the bottom of the test cavity 231, and a simulation test piece of similar material is placed on the support frame 236.
  • the length of the simulation test piece of the similar material is equal to the length of the inner cavity of the test chamber, and the diameter of the simulation test piece of the similar material is equal to the test The inner diameter of the cavity.
  • the water guide tube 22 is connected to the test cylinder 23 through a connection pipe 234, and the water guide tube 22 fills the test chamber 231 with water.
  • the data processing system 4 includes a signal acquisition instrument 41 and a computer 42, the signal acquisition instrument 41 is connected to a pressure gauge 33, a heating rod 32, and an automatic control valve 31 through a data line, and the signal acquisition instrument 41 is connected to a computer through a data line.
  • the pressure gauge 33 and the heating rod 32 respectively feed back the pressure and temperature to the signal acquisition instrument 41, and the heating rod 32 and the automatic control valve 31 are controlled by a computer.
  • a method for measuring a variable water head permeability coefficient using the above-mentioned variable water head permeability coefficient measurement system includes the following steps:
  • step (1) the surface of the simulated test specimen of similar material is evenly coated with vaseline, the vaseline is evenly coated on the inner surface of the test chamber 231, and the simulated test specimen of similar material is placed in the test chamber, thereby ensuring the tightness of the test device. .
  • step (2) a liquid storage system 1, a test system 2, a control system 3, and a data processing system 4 connected to a variable water head permeability coefficient measurement system are installed in combination.
  • Step (3) Inject water into the water storage tank 11 through the water injection port 121, control the operation of the heating rod 32 through the computer 42, control the water temperature in the water storage tank 11, and set different water temperatures to perform measurements under different temperature conditions. experiment. The optimal water temperature was adjusted to 20 ° C for experiments.
  • Step (4) Seal the water injection port 121 with a rubber stopper, open the high-pressure gas tank 35 switch, open the automatic control valve 31, and the water in the water storage tank 11 enters the test chamber 231 through the water guide tube 22 and the connection pipe 234, according to the pressure Gauge 3 3 Reads the feedback signal to adjust the pressure reducing valve 36, keeping the pressure gauge 33 reading unchanged. By setting different pressures, measurement experiments under different pressure conditions are completed. The preferred pressure gauge reading is maintained at 0.2 MPa for experiments.
  • step (5) record the water level height hi of the water storage tank 11 when the overflow hole 235 discharges water, and after the time t, record the water level height h2 of the water storage tank 11 again.
  • Step (6) measuring the cross-sectional area a of the water guide tube 22, the length L of the similar material simulation test specimen, the cross-sectional area A of the similar material simulation test specimen, the upper surface of the test stand 21 and the height of the overflow hole 235 Poor h. Based on the above known parameters, an instantaneous Darcy's law equation is established and the permeability coefficient K is calculated, where the formula for calculating the permeability coefficient is:
  • Step (7) the above steps are repeated 3 times, and the average value of the calculated permeability coefficient is taken as the measured value of the permeability coefficient.
  • the water temperature is controlled by the heating rod 32, the automatic control valve 31 realizes the automatic control of the water outlet of the water guide pipe, and the pressure reducing valve is adjusted by the feedback data of the pressure gauge 33 to ensure the stability of the pressure.
  • the present invention discloses a variable water head permeability coefficient measurement system and The measurement method also has the advantages of simple structure, convenient operation, short test cycle, high degree of automation, and improved measurement efficiency and measurement accuracy.
  • water storage bucket sealing cap, adapter box, water pipe, test tube, automatic control valve, heating rod, intake pipe, high-pressure gas tank, pressure reducing valve” and other terms are used herein, the use of such terms is not excluded. Possibility of other terms; these terms are only used to more conveniently explain and describe the present invention, and should not limit the protection scope of the present invention accordingly.

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Abstract

一种变水头渗透系数的测量系统和测量方法,涉及岩石渗流实验技术领域,解决了渗透实验耗时长的技术问题,排除了温度和压力变化对渗透系数测量的影响,该系统包括储液系统(1)、试验系统(2)、控制系统(3)和数据处理系统(4),储液系统(1)包括储水桶(11)、密封盖(12)和转接盒(13),密封盖(12)上设置有注水口(121)和进气口(122);试验系统(2)包括试验台(21)、导水管(22)和试验筒(23),导水管(22)和试验筒(23)相连;控制系统(3)包括自动控制阀(31)、加热棒(32)、进气管(34)、高压气罐(35)和减压阀(36),自动控制阀(31)与转接盒(13)相连,高压气罐(35)和进气口(122)相通;数据处理系统(4)包括信号采集仪(41)和计算机(42),以及通过瞬时达西定律和该系统确定渗透系数的方法。本系统及方法还具有自动化程度高,缩短了试验周期,提高了测量的准确性等有益效果。

Description

发明名称:一种变水头渗透系数测量系统和测量方法 技术领域
[0001] 本发明涉及岩石渗透实验技术领域, 尤其是一种变水头渗透系数测量的试验装 置和利用该装置测量渗透系数的方法。
背景技术
[0002] 相似材料模拟实验是重要的岩土工程研究技术手段, 在实验室内按相似原理制 作与工程实际相似的模型, 借助测试仪表观测模型的力学参数及应力分布规律 , 利用在模型上研究的结果推断原型中可能发生的力学现象, 以及岩体应力分 布的规律, 从而解决岩土工程生产中的实际问题。 同样, 在矿山地质研究过程 中, 采用相似材料模拟实验对岩土渗透系数进行研究也是重要的研究手段, 渗 透系数即水力传导系数, 是表征岩土渗水性能的指标, 其数值的准确计算对岩 石渗流值的确定意义重大, 5见有的相似模拟材料渗透系数的测量工具不能控制 试验的温度和压力, 以至于试验测量结果不够准确, 并且实验过程是通过人工 操作, 其自动化程度低, 受操作误差影响大, 并且实验周期长, 试验效率低, 进一步影响实验的准确性。 因此现有的渗透系数测量实验装置及测量方法需要 进一步的改进。
发明概述
技术问题
问题的解决方案
技术解决方案
[0003] 为解决渗透实验耗时长, 实验受温度和压力变化影响导致渗透系数测量精确度 不高的技术问题, 本发明提供了一种变水头渗透系数测量系统和测量方法, 具 体技术方案如下。
[0004] 一种变水头渗透系数测量系统, 包括储液系统、 试验系统、 控制系统和数据处 理系统; 所述储液系统包括储水桶、 密封盖和转接盒; 所述密封盖设置在储水 桶的上端, 密封盖上设置有注水口和进气口; 所述转接盒设置在储水桶的底部 ; 所述控制系统包括自动控制阀、 加热棒、 压力计、 进气管、 高压气罐和减压 阀; 所述自动控制阀与转接盒相连; 所述加热棒设置在储水桶的内部; 所述高 压气罐通过进气管和密封盖上的进气口相通; 所述试验系统包括试验台、 导水 管和试验筒; 所述导水管连接试验筒和自动控制阀; 所述储水桶和试验筒放置 在试验台上; 所述数据处理系统包括信号采集仪和计算机; 所述信号采集仪通 过数据线与压力计、 加热棒和自动控制阀相连, 信号采集仪通过数据线与计算 机相连。
[0005] 优选的是, 储水桶的侧壁上设置有刻度标尺, 储水桶与密封盖和转接盒通过螺 纹连接; 所述注水口通过橡皮塞密封, 进气口通过紧固箍扎进密封。
[0006] 优选的是, 高压气罐出口处设置有减压阀, 减压阀与进气管相连; 所述进气口 伸入储水桶的长度大于注水口伸入储水桶的长度。
[0007] 优选的是, 导水管为牛筋管, 导水管端部通过牛筋接头连接; 所述导水管上设 置有压力计。
[0008] 优选的是, 试验筒包括试验腔、 密封帽、 密封托盘和连接管, 试验试件放置在 试验腔内; 所述密封帽设置在试验腔上方, 与试验腔通过螺纹连接; 所述密封 托盘与试验腔底部通过螺纹连接; 所述试验筒的侧壁开设有溢流孔, 溢流孔设 置在密封帽与试验腔的交线的位置; 所述连接管设置在密封托盘的底部。
[0009] 进一步优选的是, 试验腔底部设置有支撑架, 支撑架上放置有相似材料模拟试 验试件; 相似材料模拟试验试件的长度等于试验腔内腔的长度, 相似材料模拟 试验试件的直径等于试验腔的内径; 所述导水管通过连接管和试验筒相连。
[0010] 变水头渗透系数的测量方法, 包括以下步骤:
[0011] ( 1) 将相似材料模拟试验试件表面均匀涂抹凡士林, 在所述试验腔内表面均 匀涂抹凡士林, 将相似材料模拟试验试件放置在试验腔内;
[0012] (2) 组合安装连接变水头渗透系数测量系统的储液系统、 试验系统、 控制系 统和数据处理系统;
[0013] (3) 通过注水口向储水桶内注水, 通过计算机控制加热棒工作, 控制储水桶 内的水温;
[0014] (4) 使用橡皮塞密封注水口, 打开高压气罐开关, 打开自动控制阀, 储水桶 内的水通过导水管和连接管进入试验腔, 根据压力计读数反馈信号调节减压阀 , 保持压力计读数不变;
[0015] (5) 记录溢流孔出水时储水桶的水位高度 hi, 经过时间 t后, 再次记录储水桶 的水位高度 h2;
[0016] (6) 测量导水管的截面面积 a, 相似材料模拟试验试件的长度 L, 相似材料模 拟试验试件的截面面积 A, 试验台上表面和溢流孔的高度差 h; 计算渗透系数 K, 其中
Figure imgf000005_0001
[0017] (7) 重复上述步骤 3次, 取渗透系数计算的平均值作为渗透系数的测量值。
[0018] 优选的是, 水温调控至 20°C, 所述压力计读数保持在 0.2MPa。
发明的有益效果
有益效果
[0019] 本发明的有益效果包括:
[0020] ( 1) 通过储液系统、 试验系统、 控制系统和数据处理系统的配合实现了对渗 透系数测量实验过程的自动控制, 并通过对储水桶进行密封, 使用高压气罐对 水进行加压, 从而控制水压, 通过加热棒控制水的温度。
[0021] (2) 储水桶上设置刻度标尺, 方便实验数据记录; 进气口伸入储水桶的长度 大于注水口伸入储水桶的长度, 方便注水, 和密封注水口; 导水管上设置有压 力计便于控制和记录水压。
[0022] (3) 试验筒的试验腔的内腔和相似材料模拟试验试件尺寸一致, 并开设有溢 流孔, 溢流孔设置在试验腔上, 从而方便记录渗流时间和水位高度。
[0023] (4) 利用变水头渗透系数测量系统进行测量时, 通过涂抹凡士林以试验筒保 证侧壁的密封性, 通过加热棒对水温进行控制, 自动控制阀实现了导水管出水 的自动控制, 通过压力计的反馈数据调节减压阀从而保证压力的稳定, 记录三 次实验数据取平均值保证了测量结果的准确性。
[0024] 另外本发明的测量系统和测量方法还具有结构简单, 操作方便, 试验周期短, 自动化程度高, 提高了测量效率和测量准确性等优点。
对附图的简要说明
附图说明
[0025] 图 1是一种变水头渗透系数测量系统的结构示意图;
[0026] 图 2为密封盖的俯视图;
[0027] 图 3为储水桶结构示意图;
[0028] 图 4为转接盒的内部结构示意图;
[0029] 图 5为橡皮塞的结构示意图;
[0030] 图 6为试验筒的结构示意图;
[0031] 图 7为试验腔外部结构示意图;
[0032] 图 8为试验腔内部结构示意图;
[0033] 图 9为密封托盘剖面结构示意图;
[0034] 图中: 1 -储液系统; 11 -储水桶; 12 -密封盖; 121-注水口; 122 -进气口; 13 -转 接盒; 24式验系统; 214式验台; 22 -导水管; 234式验筒; 231 -试验腔; 232 -密封 II; 233 -密封托盘; 234 -连接管; 235 -溢流孔; 236 -支撑架; 3 -控制系统; 31 -自 动控制阀; 32 -加热棒; 33 -压力计; 34 -进气管; 35 -高压气罐; 36 -减压阀; 4 -数 据处理系统; 41-信号采集仪; 42 -计算机。
发明实施例
本发明的实施方式
[0035] 结合图 1至图 9所述, 本发明提供的一种变水头渗透系数测量系统和测量方法的 具体实施方式如下。
[0036] 一种变水头渗透系数测量系统具体包括储液系统、 试验系统、 控制系统和数据 处理系统。 通过储液系统 1、 试验系统 2、 控制系统 3和数据处理系统 4的配合实 现了对渗透系数测量实验过程的自动控制, 从而提高试验效率和测量的准确性
[0037] 其中, 储液系统 1包括储水桶 11、 密封盖 12和转接盒 13, 密封盖 12设置在储水 桶 11的上端, 密封盖 12上设置有注水口 121和进气口 122, 转接盒 13设置在储水 桶 11的底部。 储水桶 11与密封盖 12和转接盒 13通过螺纹连接, 储水桶 11的侧壁 上设置有刻度标尺, 方便实验数据记录, 其中储水桶 11是由玻璃材料制成。 注 水口 121通过橡皮塞密封, 进气口 122通过紧固箍扎进密封, 实现对储水桶 11的 密封, 从而保证压力稳定。 进气口 122伸入储水桶的长度大于注水口伸入储水桶 的长度, 从而方便注水和密封注水口 121。
[0038] 控制系统 3包括自动控制阀 31、 加热棒 32、 压力计 33、 进气管 34、 高压气罐 35 和减压阀 36。 自动控制阀 31与转接盒相连, 转接盒 13和自动控制阀 31通过螺纹 连接, 自动控制阀 31控制渗流实验用水的注入, 压力计 33设置在靠近转接盒的 导水管 22上, 用于反馈和记录水压。 加热棒 32设置在储水桶 11的内部, 可以设 置在储水桶 11的侧壁或者底部, 并且加热棒 32还设置有温度检测模块, 将水温 及加热棒 32的工作状态反馈至信号采集仪 41。 高压气罐 35通过进气管 34和密封 盖 12上的进气口 122相通, 在高压气罐 35出口处设置有减压阀 36 , 减压阀 36与进 气管 34相连, 减压阀 36根据压力计 33的反馈情况进行调节, 从而对储水桶 11的 出水水压进行调节。
[0039] 试验系统 2包括试验台 21、 导水管 22和试验筒 23, 导水管 22连接试验筒 23和自 动控制阀 31, 在导水管 22上设置有压力计 33 , 储水桶 11和试验筒 23放置在试验 台21上。 导水管 22为牛筋管, 导水管 22端部通过牛筋接头连接。 试验筒 23包括 试验腔 231、 密封帽 232、 密封托盘 233和连接管 234, 试验试件放置在试验腔 231 内。 密封帽 232设置在试验腔 231上方, 与试验腔 231通过螺纹连接, 密封托盘 23 3与试验腔 231底部通过螺纹连接。 试验筒 23的侧壁开设有溢流孔 235 , 溢流孔 23 5设置在密封帽 232与试验腔 231的交线的位置, 其中密封帽 232是由金属材料制 作而成。 连接管 234设置在密封托盘 233的底部。 试验腔 231底部设置有支撑架 23 6 , 支撑架 236上放置有相似材料模拟试验试件, 相似材料模拟试验试件的长度 等于试验腔内腔的长度, 相似材料模拟试验试件的直径等于试验腔的内径。 导 水管 22通过连接管 234和试验筒 23相连, 导水管 22向试验腔 231内充水。
[0040] 数据处理系统 4包括信号采集仪 41和计算机 42, 信号采集仪 41通过数据线与压 力计 33、 加热棒 32和自动控制阀 31相连, 信号采集仪 41通过数据线与计算机相 连。 压力计 33、 加热棒 32分别将压力和温度反馈至信号采集仪 41, 通过计算机 实现对加热棒 32和自动控制阀 31的控制。 [0041] 利用上述变水头渗透系数测量系统进行变水头渗透系数测量的方法, 包括以下 步骤:
[0042] 步骤 (1) , 将相似材料模拟试验试件表面均匀涂抹凡士林, 在试验腔 231内表 面均匀涂抹凡士林, 将相似材料模拟试验试件放置在试验腔内, 从而保证试验 装置的密封性。
[0043] 步骤 (2) , 组合安装连接变水头渗透系数测量系统的储液系统 1、 试验系统 2 、 控制系统 3和数据处理系统 4。
[0044] 步骤 (3) , 通过注水口 121向储水桶 11内注水, 通过计算机 42控制加热棒 32工 作, 控制储水桶 11内的水温, 设定不同的水温, 从而进行不同温度条件下的测 量实验。 优选的水温调控至 20°C, 进行实验。
[0045] 步骤 (4) , 使用橡皮塞密封注水口 121, 打开高压气罐 35开关, 打开自动控制 阀 31, 储水桶 11内的水通过导水管 22和连接管 234进入试验腔 231, 根据压力计 3 3读数反馈信号调节减压阀 36 , 保持压力计 33读数不变。 通过设定不同的压力, 完成不同压力条件下的测量实验。 优选的压力计读数保持在 0.2MPa进行实验。
[0046] 步骤 (5) , 记录溢流孔 235出水时储水桶 11的水位高度 hi, 经过时间 t后, 再 次记录储水桶 11的水位高度 h2。
[0047] 步骤 (6) , 测量导水管 22的截面面积 a, 相似材料模拟试验试件的长度 L, 相 似材料模拟试验试件的截面面积 A, 试验台 21上表面和溢流孔 235的高度差 h。 根 据上述已知参数, 建立瞬时达西定律方程, 计算渗透系数 K,其中渗透系数的计 算公式为:
Figure imgf000008_0001
[0048] 步骤 (7) , 重复上述步骤 3次, 取渗透系数计算的平均值作为渗透系数的测量 值。
[0049] 通过加热棒 32对水温进行控制, 自动控制阀 31实现了导水管出水的自动控制, 通过压力计 33的反馈数据调节减压阀从而保证压力的稳定, 记录三次实验数据 取平均值保证了测量结果的准确性。 本发明公开的变水头渗透系数测量系统和 测量方法还具有结构简单, 操作方便, 试验周期短, 自动化程度高, 提高了测 量效率和测量准确性等优点。
[0050] 尽管本文使用了“储水桶、 密封盖、 转接盒、 导水管、 试验筒、 自动控制阀、 加热棒、 进气管、 高压气罐、 减压阀”等术语, 但并不排除使用其他术语的可能 性; 使用这些术语仅仅是为了更方便的解释和描述本发明, 并不能据此限制本 发明保护范围。
[0051] 当然, 上述说明并非是对本发明的限制, 本发明也并不仅限于上述举例, 本技 术领域的技术人员在本发明的实质范围内所做出的变化、 改型、 添加或替换, 也应属于本发明的保护范围。

Claims

权利要求书
[权利要求 1] 一种变水头渗透系数测量系统, 其特征在于, 包括储液系统、 试验系 统、 控制系统和数据处理系统;
所述储液系统包括储水桶、 密封盖和转接盒; 所述密封盖设置在储水 桶的上端, 密封盖上设置有注水口和进气口; 所述转接盒设置在储水 桶的底部;
所述控制系统包括自动控制阀、 加热棒、 压力计、 进气管、 高压气罐 和减压阀; 所述自动控制阀与转接盒相连; 所述加热棒设置在储水桶 的内部; 所述高压气罐通过进气管和密封盖上的进气口相通; 所述试验系统包括试验台、 导水管和试验筒; 所述导水管连接试验筒 和自动控制阀; 所述储水桶和试验筒放置在试验台上;
所述数据处理系统包括信号采集仪和计算机; 所述信号采集仪通过数 据线与压力计、 加热棒和自动控制阀相连, 信号采集仪通过数据线与 计算机相连。
[权利要求 2] 根据权利要求 1所述的一种变水头渗透系数测量系统, 其特征在于, 所述储水桶的侧壁上设置有刻度标尺, 储水桶与密封盖和转接盒通过 螺纹连接; 所述注水口通过橡皮塞密封, 进气口通过紧固箍扎进密封
[权利要求 3] 根据权利要求 1所述的一种变水头渗透系数测量系统, 其特征在于, 所述高压气罐出口处设置有减压阀, 减压阀与进气管相连; 所述进气 口伸入储水桶的长度大于注水口伸入储水桶的长度。
[权利要求 4] 根据权利要求 1所述的一种变水头渗透系数测量系统, 其特征在于, 所述导水管为牛筋管, 导水管端部通过牛筋接头连接; 所述导水管上 设置有压力计。
[权利要求 5] 根据权利要求 1所述的一种变水头渗透系数测量系统, 其特征在于, 所述试验筒包括试验腔、 密封帽、 密封托盘和连接管, 试验试件放置 在试验腔内; 所述密封帽设置在试验腔上方, 与试验腔通过螺纹连接 ; 所述密封托盘与试验腔底部通过螺纹连接; 所述试验筒的侧壁开设 有溢流孔, 溢流孔设置在密封帽与试验腔的交线的位置; 所述连接管 设置在密封托盘的底部。
[权利要求 6] 根据权利要求 5所述的一种变水头渗透系数测量系统, 其特征在于, 所述试验腔底部设置有支撑架, 支撑架上放置有相似材料模拟试验试 件; 相似材料模拟试验试件的长度等于试验腔内腔的长度, 相似材料 模拟试验试件的直径等于试验腔的内径; 所述导水管通过连接管和试 验筒相连。
[权利要求 7] 根据权利要求 1至 6任一项所述的一种变水头渗透系数测量系统的测量 方法, 其特征在于, 变水头渗透系数的测量方法, 包括以下步骤:
( 1) 将相似材料模拟试验试件表面均匀涂抹凡士林, 在所述试验腔 内表面均匀涂抹凡士林, 将相似材料模拟试验试件放置在试验腔内;
(2) 组合安装连接变水头渗透系数测量系统的储液系统、 试验系统 、 控制系统和数据处理系统;
(3) 通过注水口向储水桶内注水, 通过计算机控制加热棒工作, 控 制储水桶内的水温;
(4) 使用橡皮塞密封注水口, 打开高压气罐开关, 打开自动控制阀
, 储水桶内的水通过导水管和连接管进入试验腔, 根据压力计读数反 馈信号调节减压阀, 保持压力计读数不变;
(5) 记录溢流孔出水时储水桶的水位高度 hi, 经过时间 t后, 再次记 录储水桶的水位高度 h2;
(6) 测量导水管的截面面积 a, 相似材料模拟试验试件的长度 L, 相 似材料模拟试验试件的截面面积 A, 试验台上表面和溢流孔的高度差 h; 计算渗透系数 K,其中
Figure imgf000011_0001
[权利要求 8] 根据权利要求 7所述的变水头渗透系数的测量方法, 其特征在于, 所 述水温调控至 20°C, 所述压力计读数保持在 0.2MPa。
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