WO2020047689A1 - 一种同时测量不同粒径颗粒物质量浓度的方法及装置 - Google Patents

一种同时测量不同粒径颗粒物质量浓度的方法及装置 Download PDF

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WO2020047689A1
WO2020047689A1 PCT/CN2018/098076 CN2018098076W WO2020047689A1 WO 2020047689 A1 WO2020047689 A1 WO 2020047689A1 CN 2018098076 W CN2018098076 W CN 2018098076W WO 2020047689 A1 WO2020047689 A1 WO 2020047689A1
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particles
particle size
small
mass concentration
particulate matter
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PCT/CN2018/098076
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English (en)
French (fr)
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熊友辉
刘志强
何涛
杨伟
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武汉四方光电科技有限公司
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Priority to EP18932599.6A priority Critical patent/EP3819627B1/en
Priority to CN201880001228.9A priority patent/CN109791101B/zh
Priority to PCT/CN2018/098076 priority patent/WO2020047689A1/zh
Priority to KR1020217000527A priority patent/KR102435967B1/ko
Publication of WO2020047689A1 publication Critical patent/WO2020047689A1/zh
Priority to US17/138,951 priority patent/US11555771B2/en

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    • G—PHYSICS
    • G01—MEASURING; TESTING
    • G01N—INVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
    • G01N15/00—Investigating characteristics of particles; Investigating permeability, pore-volume or surface-area of porous materials
    • G01N15/02—Investigating particle size or size distribution
    • G01N15/0205—Investigating particle size or size distribution by optical means
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G01—MEASURING; TESTING
    • G01N—INVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
    • G01N15/00—Investigating characteristics of particles; Investigating permeability, pore-volume or surface-area of porous materials
    • G01N15/02—Investigating particle size or size distribution
    • G01N15/0205—Investigating particle size or size distribution by optical means
    • G01N15/0211—Investigating a scatter or diffraction pattern
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G01—MEASURING; TESTING
    • G01N—INVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
    • G01N15/00—Investigating characteristics of particles; Investigating permeability, pore-volume or surface-area of porous materials
    • G01N15/06—Investigating concentration of particle suspensions
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G01—MEASURING; TESTING
    • G01N—INVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
    • G01N15/00—Investigating characteristics of particles; Investigating permeability, pore-volume or surface-area of porous materials
    • G01N15/10—Investigating individual particles
    • G01N15/1012—Calibrating particle analysers; References therefor
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G01—MEASURING; TESTING
    • G01N—INVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
    • G01N15/00—Investigating characteristics of particles; Investigating permeability, pore-volume or surface-area of porous materials
    • G01N15/10—Investigating individual particles
    • G01N15/14—Optical investigation techniques, e.g. flow cytometry
    • G01N15/1429—Signal processing
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G01—MEASURING; TESTING
    • G01N—INVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
    • G01N15/00—Investigating characteristics of particles; Investigating permeability, pore-volume or surface-area of porous materials
    • G01N15/02—Investigating particle size or size distribution
    • G01N15/0266—Investigating particle size or size distribution with electrical classification
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G01—MEASURING; TESTING
    • G01N—INVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
    • G01N15/00—Investigating characteristics of particles; Investigating permeability, pore-volume or surface-area of porous materials
    • G01N15/06—Investigating concentration of particle suspensions
    • G01N15/075—Investigating concentration of particle suspensions by optical means
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G01—MEASURING; TESTING
    • G01N—INVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
    • G01N15/00—Investigating characteristics of particles; Investigating permeability, pore-volume or surface-area of porous materials
    • G01N15/10—Investigating individual particles
    • G01N15/14—Optical investigation techniques, e.g. flow cytometry
    • G01N15/1456—Optical investigation techniques, e.g. flow cytometry without spatial resolution of the texture or inner structure of the particle, e.g. processing of pulse signals
    • G01N15/1459—Optical investigation techniques, e.g. flow cytometry without spatial resolution of the texture or inner structure of the particle, e.g. processing of pulse signals the analysis being performed on a sample stream
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G01—MEASURING; TESTING
    • G01N—INVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
    • G01N15/00—Investigating characteristics of particles; Investigating permeability, pore-volume or surface-area of porous materials
    • G01N2015/0042—Investigating dispersion of solids
    • G01N2015/0046—Investigating dispersion of solids in gas, e.g. smoke
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G01—MEASURING; TESTING
    • G01N—INVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
    • G01N15/00—Investigating characteristics of particles; Investigating permeability, pore-volume or surface-area of porous materials
    • G01N15/10—Investigating individual particles
    • G01N2015/1021—Measuring mass of individual particles
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G01—MEASURING; TESTING
    • G01N—INVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
    • G01N33/00—Investigating or analysing materials by specific methods not covered by groups G01N1/00 - G01N31/00
    • G01N33/0004—Gaseous mixtures, e.g. polluted air
    • G01N33/0009—General constructional details of gas analysers, e.g. portable test equipment
    • G01N33/0027—General constructional details of gas analysers, e.g. portable test equipment concerning the detector

Definitions

  • the invention belongs to the technical field of air quality detection, and particularly relates to a method and a device for simultaneously measuring the mass concentration of particles with different particle sizes with high accuracy.
  • the cutter instrument is complicated in structure, large in size, expensive, and cannot be measured online in real time, which is not conducive to miniaturization and popular application in the civilian field.
  • the measurement element includes at least two light-sensitive sensors, which can also measure PM2.5 and PM10 at the same time, but the cost is high, the volume is large, the maintenance is large, and the use is inconvenient.
  • particulate matter in the air is relatively complicated, mainly including particulate matter with a diameter (referred to as particle diameter) ranging from 0.3 ⁇ m to 10 ⁇ m.
  • particle diameter particulate matter with a particle diameter range of 0.3 ⁇ m ⁇ d1 ⁇ 1 ⁇ m is generally referred to as PM1.0.
  • Particles with a range of 0.3 ⁇ m ⁇ d2 ⁇ 2.5 ⁇ m are called PM2.5, and particles with a particle size range of 0.3 ⁇ m ⁇ d3 ⁇ 10 ⁇ m are called PM10.
  • concentration of particles in the air consider eliminating particles between particles with different particle sizes. Cross-interference is very necessary and is a technical problem to be solved urgently in this field.
  • the present invention proposes a method and a device for simultaneously measuring the mass concentration of particles with different particle diameters with high accuracy, which can eliminate cross interference between particles with different particle diameters and can greatly improve the accuracy of particle particle concentration detection.
  • the present invention provides a method for simultaneously measuring the mass concentration of particles with different particle sizes with high accuracy, including the following steps:
  • the large particle size particles are particles larger than the maximum particle size of the small particle size particles.
  • step S1 calculating the correction coefficient of the number of small-sized particles being misidentified as the number of large-sized particles includes the following steps:
  • S11 Collect the measured airflow containing only small particle size particles, and use a multi-channel air quality detection device to detect the number of particles with different particle sizes in the measured airflow to obtain the total number of particles with different size ranges and the number of large particle sizes;
  • step S1 corrects the measured number of small-sized particles according to the correction coefficient, and includes the following steps:
  • the multi-channel air quality detection device is used to detect the number of particles with different particle sizes in the measured gas, and the total number of particles with different particle size ranges and the number of large particles are obtained;
  • the small particle size particles collected in step S11 are generated by a standard particle generator, and / or generated by burning a cigarette.
  • the total number of particles obtained in different particle size ranges the total number of small particle sizes, and the number of large particle sizes is a misjudged amount of the total number of small particle size particles.
  • step S1 calculates a correction coefficient for the number of small-sized particles being mistakenly judged as the number of large-sized particles, including the following steps:
  • S21 Collect a measured airflow containing only small-sized particles, and perform a particle quantity detection on the measured airflow to obtain a detection result;
  • step S1 corrects the measured quantity and mass concentration of the large particle size particles according to the correction coefficient, and includes the following steps:
  • the multi-channel air quality detection device is calibrated according to the correction coefficient, the first correlation coefficient, and the second correlation coefficient of the number of small-size particles that are erroneously judged to be large-size particles, and the large-size particles are calculated and corrected for measurement. Mass concentration to obtain the corrected mass concentration of large particle size particles.
  • the method for detecting the amount of particulate matter on the measured airflow is: using a multi-channel particulate matter detection device to detect the measured airflow, and measuring the photoelectricity in the multi-channel particulate matter detection device.
  • the peak value of the voltage pulse output by the sensor is counted, and the maximum value of the peak value of the voltage pulse corresponding to a certain number of samples is taken as the voltage threshold value of the particles of the corresponding size range, so as to obtain the voltage threshold of the small size particles and the large size.
  • the voltage threshold value of the particulate matter, and a pulse whose pulse peak value is less than or equal to the small particle size voltage threshold value is determined as a small particle size particulate matter, and the pulse peak value is greater than the small particle size voltage threshold value and less than or equal to the large particle size voltage threshold value.
  • the pulse was determined to be a large particle size.
  • the first correlation coefficient between the quantity of the small particle size and its mass concentration the mass concentration of the small particle size in the measured air stream obtained by a standard air quality detection device / small The number of particles.
  • the particle size range is greater than the maximum particle size of the small particle size and smaller than or equal to the maximum particle size of the large particle size.
  • Second correlation coefficient first correlation coefficient * (maximum particle diameter of large particle size particles / maximum particle diameter of small particle size particles) 3.
  • the mass concentration of the large particle size particles in the step S25 the second correlation coefficient * (the number of the large particle size particles measured-the number of the small particle size particles * the small particle size particles) It was misjudged as the correction factor for the number of large particle size particles) + the mass concentration of small particle size particles after calibration.
  • the small particle size particles in step S21 are generated by a standard particle generator, and / or generated by burning a cigarette.
  • the maximum particle size of the small particle size particles is 1 ⁇ m or 2.5 ⁇ m, and the maximum particle size of the large particle size particles is 2.5 ⁇ m or 10 ⁇ m.
  • the small particle size is PM1.0
  • the large particle size is PM2.5 and / or PM10.
  • the small particle size is PM2.5
  • the large particle size is PM10.
  • the device includes a photoelectric sensor and a calibration module, and the calibration module performs calibration through the above method.
  • the beneficial effects of the present invention are: detection of particles in different particle size ranges in the air by using the principle of laser scattering, detection of particle size distribution of particles in cigarettes using a multi-channel air quality detection device, calculation of a correction coefficient for the number of particles in different particle sizes in the air Corrected to eliminate the interference of small particle size being mistakenly judged as large particle size, the coefficient relationship between the number of particles with different particle sizes and the actual particle concentration, calibration of a multi-channel air quality detection device, the method of the invention
  • the and device can simultaneously measure the mass concentration of particles with different particle sizes on-line, with high measurement accuracy and low cost.
  • FIG. 1 is a general flowchart of eliminating cross interference between particles of different particle size ranges according to the present invention
  • FIG. 2 is a flowchart of eliminating interference of a large particle size to a small particle size according to the first embodiment of the present invention
  • FIG. 3 is a flowchart of eliminating interference of small particle size particles on large particle size particles according to the second embodiment of the present invention
  • 4 is a graph of voltage values obtained by detecting particles with a particle size range of 1 ⁇ m or less;
  • FIG. 5 is a voltage amplitude interval distribution chart of the voltage value map of FIG. 4;
  • FIG. 6 is a more detailed interval distribution diagram of voltage amplitudes of the voltage value graph of FIG. 4;
  • FIG. 7 is a composition diagram of a device for simultaneously measuring the mass concentration of particles with different particle sizes with high accuracy in the present invention.
  • FIG. 1 is a method for eliminating cross interference between particles with different particle size ranges according to the present invention, including the following steps:
  • the large particle size particles are particles larger than the maximum particle size of the small particle size particles.
  • FIG. 2 is a first embodiment of a method for eliminating cross-interference between particles with different particle size ranges according to the present invention.
  • the first embodiment can eliminate small particle size versus small particle size that is mistakenly judged as large particle size.
  • the amount of interference is described with reference to the first embodiment.
  • S11 Collect the measured airflow containing only small-sized particles.
  • the small-sized particles in this example are generated by using a standard particle generator. If there is no equipment such as a particle generator, the corresponding particles cannot be generated, or they can be directly burned with cigarettes.
  • the generated gas and particles are used as the measured gas and measured particles. Because the diameter of the particles generated after the cigarette is burned is basically less than or equal to 1um, the burning cigarette is generated.
  • the multi-channel air quality detection device is different in the measured airflow generated by the burning cigarette. Detect the number of particles, as shown in Table 1-1:
  • the particle size range is 0.3 ⁇ m ⁇ d3 ⁇ 10 ⁇ m and the number of particles N is 10568; the particle size range is 1 ⁇ m ⁇ d4 ⁇ 10 ⁇ m; the number of particles is N and 1 is 120; size range 2.5 ⁇ m ⁇ d5 ⁇ 10 ⁇ m large number of particles of 2 to 11 N.
  • the number of particles in a standard particle generator or cigarette should be distributed in a small particle size range of 0.3 ⁇ m ⁇ d1 ⁇ 1 ⁇ m.
  • the total number of particles in the 10 ⁇ m particle size range should be equal to the number of particles in the 0.3 ⁇ m ⁇ d1 ⁇ 1 ⁇ m particle size range, but in actual tests, it shows that there is a particle number output in the particle size range of 1 ⁇ m ⁇ d4 ⁇ 10 ⁇ m and 2.5 ⁇ m ⁇ d5 ⁇ 10 ⁇ m , Explain the number of erroneous judgments in the total number of particles with a particle size range of 0.3 ⁇ m ⁇ d3 ⁇ 10 ⁇ m in the particle size range of 1 ⁇ m or more measured;
  • the correction factor for particle size range 2.5 ⁇ m ⁇ d5 ⁇ 10 ⁇ m is: K 2.5
  • a multi-channel air quality detection device is used for detection and correction in cigarettes. After the correction, no particle number is output within the particle size range of 1 ⁇ m ⁇ d4 ⁇ 10 ⁇ m and 2.5 ⁇ m ⁇ d5 ⁇ 10 ⁇ m.
  • the multi-channel air quality detection device is used to detect the number of particles with different particle sizes in the air, as shown in Table 1-2:
  • the total number of particles n in the particle size range of 0.3 ⁇ m ⁇ d3 ⁇ 10 ⁇ m is 10037; the number of particles n in the particle size range of 1 ⁇ m ⁇ d4 ⁇ 10 ⁇ m is 216; In the particle size range of 2.5 ⁇ m ⁇ d5 ⁇ 10 ⁇ m, the number of particles n is greater than 2 and 17;
  • n n ′
  • n is the total number of particles in different particle size ranges
  • n is large , to obtain the actual small-sized particles in the corrected air.
  • the number n is small .
  • the number n is small .
  • the corrected data is:
  • FIGS. 1, 3, 4 and 5 is a second embodiment of a method for eliminating cross interference between particles with different particle size ranges according to the present invention.
  • the second embodiment can eliminate the small particle diameter that is misjudged as a large particle diameter.
  • Embodiment 2 For the interference of the particles on the quantity and mass concentration of the large-size particles, please refer to Embodiment 2.
  • particles with a particle size range of 0.3 ⁇ m ⁇ d1 ⁇ 1 ⁇ m are used as the first particle size particles
  • particles with a particle size range of 0.3 ⁇ m ⁇ d2 ⁇ 2.5 ⁇ m are used as the second particle size particles ( PM2.5).
  • the multi-channel air quality detection device can simultaneously detect the quantity and mass concentration of two kinds of particulates of the first particle size and the second particle size.
  • the multi-channel air quality detection device can also simultaneously Detect the quantity and mass concentration of various other particles.
  • this embodiment provides a method for eliminating interference of a small particle size to a large particle size, which includes the following steps:
  • Step S21 Collect a measured airflow containing only particles with a first particle diameter, detect the measured airflow with a multi-channel air quality detection device, and obtain a quantity distribution of the particles in the measured airflow;
  • a multi-channel air quality detection device As an example, it has different detection channels, and can simultaneously detect the number of particles of different types and different particle sizes in different detection channels.
  • a standard particle generator may be used to generate a measured airflow including particles with a first particle size, and the measured airflow includes only particles with a first particle size (for example, 0.3 ⁇ m ⁇ d1 ⁇ 1 ⁇ m), excluding Other particles having a particle size larger than the maximum value of the first particle size, so that the first particle size is mistakenly judged as having a particle size range greater than the maximum particle size of the first particle size and less than or equal to the second particle size The number of particles having a maximum particle diameter is detected.
  • a first particle size for example, 0.3 ⁇ m ⁇ d1 ⁇ 1 ⁇ m
  • the photoelectric sensor in the multi-channel air quality detection device will misjudge (because the light intensity at the center of the laser focus and near the center is the largest, the first particle size passing through the center of the focus and near the center will be misjudged as The particle size range is larger than the maximum particle size of the first particle size), so in addition to the small number N of the first particle size in the test results, the first particle size is also misjudged as The number N of particles having a particle diameter larger than the maximum particle diameter of the first particle diameter and smaller than or equal to the maximum particle diameter of the second particle diameter (that is, particles having a particle diameter range of 1 ⁇ m ⁇ d6 ⁇ 2.5 ⁇ m) is large .
  • FIG. 4 shows the photoelectric sensor of the multi-channel air quality detection device when the measured airflow including the particle diameter range 0.3 ⁇ m ⁇ d1 ⁇ 1 ⁇ m (first particle size particle) has too many channels of the air quality detection device.
  • the output voltage pulse is continuously detected for a certain period of time. It can be known from FIG. 4 that the peak value of the voltage pulse is between 0 and 4000 mV. Among them, each voltage pulse corresponds to a particle. In theory, the larger the particle size of the particle, the larger the peak value of the corresponding voltage pulse. In order to reduce the error.
  • the maximum value of the peak value of the voltage pulse corresponding to a certain number of samples is taken as the voltage threshold value, and each multi-channel air quality detection device can detect particles with different particle sizes, so each type of particle has a corresponding, And different voltage thresholds. Specifically, for particles with a particle size range of 0.3 ⁇ m ⁇ d1 ⁇ 1 ⁇ m, the peak value of the voltage pulse output by the photoelectric sensor in the multi-channel particle detection device is counted, and it is found that a pulse covering a certain number of samples, such as 98.7%, corresponds to the pulse.
  • the maximum value of the peak value of the voltage pulse is 300mV.
  • the voltage threshold corresponding to particles with a particle size range of 0.3 ⁇ m ⁇ d2 ⁇ 2.5 ⁇ m is greater than or equal to 0 mV, and that of particles with a particle size range 1 ⁇ m ⁇ d6 ⁇ 2.5 ⁇ m.
  • the voltage threshold is 300mV or more.
  • the voltage pulse with a peak value of 0 mV or more in FIG. 5 can be determined as a particle with a diameter of 0.3 ⁇ m ⁇ d2 ⁇ 2.5 ⁇ m, and a voltage pulse with a peak value of 300 mV or more can be determined as a particle with a particle size range of 1 ⁇ m ⁇ d 6 ⁇ 2.5 ⁇ m. .
  • the data in Figure 4 was counted multiple times to obtain the corresponding number of particles in four groups with different particle size ranges as shown in Table 2-1.
  • the particle size of the particulate matter generated after the combustion of the cigarette is basically less than or equal to 1 ⁇ m, and almost no particles with a particle size range greater than 1 ⁇ m are included. Therefore, the cigarette burns
  • the generated airflow can be considered to contain only particles of the first particle size.
  • Step S22 According to the result of the number of particles obtained in step S11, a ratio of particles having a particle size in a range of 1 ⁇ m ⁇ d6 ⁇ 2.5 ⁇ m is mistakenly determined as the first particle size;
  • Step S23 the mass concentration of the standard test for detecting the mass flow of air in a first detection means small particle diameter C, and according to the number obtained in step S22, a first small particle size material N, to give a first diameter
  • the first correlation coefficient K between the amount of particulate matter and its mass concentration is small ;
  • Step S24 The maximum diameter of the first particle diameter, a first correlation coefficient K and the small particle diameter of a second particle size range of the maximum quantity to give its concentration of 1 ⁇ m ⁇ d6 ⁇ 2.5 ⁇ m of particulate matter
  • the second correlation coefficient K between them is large ;
  • Step S25 The above calculating step a first particle size was be mistaken for a particle size range 1 ⁇ m ⁇ particles erroneous d6 ⁇ 2.5 ⁇ m ratio K, the first correlation coefficient and the second correlation coefficient K small to large multiple K
  • the channel air quality detection device is used for calibration, and the multi-channel air quality detection device can be used to detect the mass concentration of various particles.
  • the specific process of the particulate matter detection by the multi-channel air quality detection device is as follows: Collect any airflow to be measured, and in this embodiment, obtain the airflow to be measured that contains both PM1.0 and particles with a particle size range of 1 ⁇ m ⁇ d6 ⁇ 2.5 ⁇ m.
  • the above-mentioned airflow to be measured is detected by a multi-channel air quality detection device, and the number of particles with a particle size range of 0.3 ⁇ m ⁇ d6 ⁇ 2.5 ⁇ m is recorded as N, and the total particle size range is 1 ⁇ m ⁇ d6 ⁇ 2.5 ⁇ m.
  • a first particle diameter (PM1.0) are mistaken for a particle size range 1 ⁇ m ⁇ d6 ⁇ 2.5 ⁇ m the particle size range and the actual presence of 1 ⁇ m ⁇ d6 ⁇ 2.5 ⁇ m particulate matter) a large number of measurement referred to as N
  • N measured small N measured total- N measured large
  • the first particle size was misjudged as having a particle size range of 1 ⁇ m ⁇ d6 ⁇
  • N error K error * N measurement is small ; then the corrected particle size range is 1 ⁇ m ⁇ d6 ⁇ 2.5 ⁇ m.
  • a multi-channel air quality detection device is used to detect particles containing PM1.0 (that is, the first particle size with a particle size range of 0.3 ⁇ m ⁇ d1 ⁇ 1 ⁇ m) and particle size range with 1 ⁇ m ⁇ d6 ⁇ 2.5 ⁇ m. gas flow to be measured, such as particles obtained data shown in table 2-4; standard dust concentration detection means for detecting the concentration of the same kind and PM2.5 PM1.0 stream, while table 2 as obtained in accordance with the calculated C major scale -5 mass concentration data.
  • the above table shows that the accuracy of the mass concentration detection of PM1.0 detected by the calibrated multi-channel dust concentration detection device is higher, and the PM2.5 mass concentration after eliminating the interference of PM1.0 on PM2.5 is higher than the directly measured PM2. .5 higher mass concentration accuracy.
  • the airflow to be measured which contains both PM1.0 and particles with a particle size range of 1 ⁇ m ⁇ d6 ⁇ 2.5 ⁇ m, can be obtained from cigarette dust plus A1 dust (ISO12103-1 A1 Ultra Test Dust).
  • the particulate matter (PM1.0) with a particle size range of 0.3 ⁇ m ⁇ d1 ⁇ 1 ⁇ m is the first particle size
  • the particulate matter (PM2.5) with the particle size range of 0.3 ⁇ m ⁇ d2 ⁇ 2.5 ⁇ m is the first
  • Two-size particles, particles with a particle size range of 0.3 ⁇ m ⁇ d3 ⁇ 10 ⁇ m (PM10) are third-size particles.
  • the multi-channel air quality detection device can simultaneously detect first-size particles, second-size particles, and third-size particles.
  • the number and mass concentration of three kinds of particulate matter are taken as an example for illustration, but the multi-channel air quality detection device can also simultaneously detect the number and mass concentration of other kinds of particulate matter.
  • step S21 since the photoelectric sensor in the multi-channel air quality detection device will cause a misjudgment, in addition to obtaining a small number N of the first particle size particles (PM1.0) in the detection result, a first The particle size (PM1.0) was erroneously judged to be a particle size larger than the maximum particle size of the first particle size and smaller than or equal to the maximum particle size of the second particle size (i.e., the particle size range was 1 ⁇ m). ⁇ D6 ⁇ 2.5 ⁇ m particles)
  • the number N is greater than 1 , and the particle size of the first particle size is mistakenly judged to be larger than the maximum particle size of the second particle size and smaller than the particle size of the third particle size.
  • the maximum number N of particles (that is, particles having a particle size range of 2.5 ⁇ m ⁇ d5 ⁇ 10 ⁇ m) is greater than 2 .
  • the first embodiment can be found to refer to the first particle size (PM1.0) which is erroneously determined as the ratio of the particle size in the range of 1 ⁇ m ⁇ d6 ⁇ 2.5 ⁇ m.
  • K False 1 N large / N total ⁇ N Large 1 / N small is certain, about 1.1%; the first particle size (PM1.0) is mistakenly judged as the proportion of particles with a particle size range of 2.5 ⁇ m ⁇ d5 ⁇ 10 ⁇ m.
  • K False 2 N Large 2 / N total ⁇ N large 2 / N small is also constant, about 0.1%.
  • the data in FIG. 4 is calculated to obtain the statistical result shown in FIG. 6.
  • the voltage value corresponding to 98.7% of the particulate matter is less than or equal to 300mV, and the voltage value corresponding to 1.14% of the particulate matter.
  • K 1 1.14% error
  • Step S23 Use a standard air quality detection device to detect the mass concentration of the first particle size particles in the measured airflow, and obtain the number of the first particle size particles according to the number of the first particle size particles detected in step S11.
  • the first correlation coefficient K is small with its mass concentration
  • step S24 a particle size range of 1 ⁇ m is obtained according to the maximum particle size of the first particle size, the first correlation coefficient K is small , the maximum particle size of the second particle size, and the maximum particle size of the third particle size.
  • the second correlation coefficient K between the number of particles with a mass of d6 ⁇ 2.5 ⁇ m and its mass concentration is 1 ;
  • the third correlation coefficient K between the number of particles with a particle size range of 2.5 ⁇ m ⁇ d5 ⁇ 10 ⁇ m and its mass concentration is large 2 ;
  • the particle diameter of the first particles referred to the maximum value of D is small
  • the particle diameter of the second maximum diameter is represented by D 1
  • the diameter of the third large-diameter particles is referred to as the maximum value of D Large 2
  • the second correlation coefficient between the number of particles with a particle size range of 1 ⁇ m ⁇ d6 ⁇ 2.5 ⁇ m and its mass concentration D large 1 D small * (D large 1 / D small ) 3, particle size range 2.5
  • the third correlation coefficient between the number of particles and the mass concentration of ⁇ m ⁇ d5 ⁇ 10 ⁇ m D large 2 D small * (D large 2 / D small ) 3, thereby obtaining the first correlation as described in Table 2-2
  • Coefficient K is small
  • the second correlation coefficient K is 1
  • the third correlation coefficient K is 2 data.
  • Table 3-2 Four sets of data with the first correlation coefficient K small , the second correlation coefficient K large 1 and the third correlation coefficient K large 2 :
  • Step S25 according to the above calculating step a first particle size was be mistaken for a particle size range 1 ⁇ m ⁇ K d6 ⁇ 2.5 ⁇ m proportion of particulate matter erroneous 1, a first particle diameter size range to be mistaken
  • the multi-channel air quality detection device is calibrated, and multi-channel can be used. The air quality detection device detects the mass concentration of various particulate matters.
  • the specific detection process is as follows: collect the airflow to be measured including particles with a first particle size, particles with a particle size range of 1 ⁇ m ⁇ d6 ⁇ 2.5 ⁇ m, and particles with a particle size range of 2.5 ⁇ m ⁇ d5 ⁇ 10 ⁇ m, and pass the multi-channel air quality detecting means for detecting a particle size range obtained after detecting the number of 0.3 ⁇ m ⁇ particulate matter d ⁇ 10 ⁇ m
  • N error 1 K error 1 * N is small
  • the particle size of the first particle size is misjudged as the particle size.
  • Measure large 1 -N error 1 N measure large 1 -N measure small * K error 1
  • the number of particles with a revised particle size range of 0.3 ⁇ m ⁇ d1 ⁇ 1 ⁇ m is recorded as N measured small
  • the large K 1, N large measure, test N Small , C small scale and K error 1 Calculate the mass concentration of the second particle size (PM2.5) C large scale 1 , and
  • C large scale 1 K large 1 * (N measured large 1 -N measured small * K error 1 ) + C small mark .
  • a multi-channel air quality detection device is used to detect particles and particle diameters that also contain PM1.0 (that is, the first particle size with a particle size range of d1 ⁇ 1 ⁇ m), and a particle size range with 1 ⁇ m ⁇ d6 ⁇ 2.5 ⁇ m.
  • the airflow to be measured is in the range of 2.5 ⁇ m ⁇ d5 ⁇ 10 ⁇ m).
  • the standard dust concentration detection device is used to detect the same type of airflow. PM1.0, PM2.5, and PM10 concentrations were obtained as shown in Table 3-4.
  • the accuracy of mass concentration detection of PM1.0 detected by a calibrated multi-channel dust concentration detection device is high, and the PM2.5 mass concentration ratio after the PM1.0 interference is eliminated is directly measured.
  • the accuracy of the mass concentration of PM2.5 is higher.
  • the PM10 mass concentration after eliminating the interference of PM1.0 on PM10 is higher than the mass concentration accuracy of PM10 directly measured.
  • a high-precision device for simultaneously measuring the mass concentration of particles with different particle sizes characterized in that the system includes a photoelectric sensor 31 and a calibration module 32.
  • the calibration module 32 passes through the first and second embodiments. Calibration is performed by the method described in any optional embodiment.

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Abstract

一种高精度同时测量不同粒径颗粒物质量浓度的方法及装置，该方法运用激光散射原理对空气中不同粒径范围颗粒物进行检测，包括如下步骤：S1：计算小粒径颗粒物被误判为大粒径颗粒物数量的修正系数；S2：根据修正系数对测量得到的小粒径颗粒物的数量或大粒径颗粒物的数量和质量浓度进行修正。该方法能够消除不同粒径范围颗粒物之间的交叉干扰；对应的装置结构简单，能实现同时在线测量PM1.0、PM2.5、PM10，测量精度高、成本低。

Description

一种同时测量不同粒径颗粒物质量浓度的方法及装置 技术领域
本发明属于空气品质检测技术领域，尤其涉及一种高精度同时测量不同粒径颗粒物质量浓度的方法及装置。
背景技术
近年来，随着“雾霾”频发，颗粒物受到了国内外的密切关注，针对颗粒物检测，国家发布了《环境空气质量标准(GB 3095-2012)》，国际上广泛采用的监测颗粒物的方法主要有称重法、β射线吸收法、微量振荡天平法和光散射法，一套颗粒物监测系统的价格达到50万元左右，全国各地累计已经安装了几千套这样的监测系统，并在国家环保部网站实时公开全国各地的颗粒物污染水平。
在雾霾短期还难以攻克的条件下，不仅室内空气净化器成为一种刚性需求，汽车空调净化系统也逐渐成为一些汽车的标准配置。此外，为了形成一个颗粒物排放的大数据，网格化的物联网监控也成为控制颗粒物排放和溯源的重要手段。这些“克霾”的手段中，环境部门使用的价格昂贵的监测系统无法大规模推广，因此急需开发一种针对室内室外应用场景需求的能同时多通道输出的高精度、低成本颗粒物传感器。
随着中国成为国际上空气净化器的最大市场，国产化的高精度、低成本颗粒物传感器也相继出现，这些传感器大都采用激光散射原理(采用LED或者激光红外光源)，激光散射原理的低成本室内空气质量传感器Indoor Air Quality(IAQ)的检测精度已达到较高水平，例如文献US8009290B2、CN105021501B，运用激光散射原理均能实现单通道检测，一个传感器一次只能输出单一粒径颗粒物质量浓度，对多通道颗粒物同时测量时，不同粒径之间会相互交叉干扰，不能实现多通道颗粒物同时测量(同时输出PM1.0、PM2.5及PM10)，仅能输出PM1.0或PM2.5或PM10一个参数。目前国际上的汽车制造厂都要求同时测量PM1.0、PM2.5、PM10.0，韩国空气净化协会的标准也要求室内使用的净化器、空调同时显示PM1.0、PM2.5、PM10.0。例如文献CN103257095B，采用两级切割器实现对PM2.5、PM10同时采样及测量，但采用切割器仪器结构复杂、体积大，价格昂贵，不能实时在线测量，不利于小型化及在民用领域普及应用；例如文献CN206223607U，测量元件至少包括两个光敏传感器也能实现对PM2.5、PM10同时测量，但成本高、体积大、维护量大，使用不便。
在运用激光散射原理检测过程中，由于在空气质量检测装置中激光焦点附近的光强分布不均匀，同一种粒径颗粒物在焦点的不同位置散射出来的光强度不同，容易造成空气质量检测装置中的光电探测器对颗粒物粒径的误判，不同粒径之间会发生相互交叉干扰，导致颗粒物浓度检测结果不准确。空气中颗粒物的分布比较复杂，主要包括颗粒物直径(简称为粒径)范围在0.3μm～10μm的颗粒物，业内通常将粒径范围0.3μm＜d1≤1μm的颗粒物称为PM1.0，将粒径范围0.3μm＜d2≤2.5μm的颗粒物称为PM2.5，将粒径范围0.3μm＜d3≤10μm的颗粒物称为PM10，在对空气中颗粒物质量浓度检测时，考虑消除不同粒径颗粒物之间的交叉干扰十分必要，是本领域亟待解决的技术难题。
发明内容
为了解决上述问题，本发明提出一种高精度同时测量不同粒径颗粒物质量浓度的方法及装置，能够消除不同粒径颗粒物之间的交叉干扰，能够大幅度提高颗粒物浓度检测的准确性。
一方面，本发明提出一种高精度同时测量不同粒径颗粒物质量浓度的方法，包括如下步骤：
S1：计算小粒径颗粒物被误判为大粒径颗粒物数量的修正系数；
S2：根据修正系数对测量得到的小粒径颗粒物的数量或大粒径颗粒物的数量和质量浓度进行修正；
所述的大粒径颗粒物为大于所述小粒径颗粒物粒径最大值的颗粒物。
进一步的，所述步骤S1中计算小粒径颗粒物被误判为大粒径颗粒物数量的修正系数包括如下步骤：
S11：采集仅包含小粒径颗粒物的被测气流，通过多通道空气质量检测装置对被测气流中不同粒径颗粒物数量检测，得到不同粒径范围颗粒物的总数、大粒径颗粒物的数量；
S12：大粒径颗粒物的数量除以不同粒径范围颗粒物的总数而得到小粒径颗粒物被误判为大粒径颗粒物数量的修正系数；
进一步的，所述步骤S1中根据修正系数对测量得到的小粒径颗粒物的数量进行修正，包括如下步骤：
S13：通过多通道空气质量检测装置对被测气体中不同粒径颗粒物数量检测，得到不同粒径范围颗粒物的总数、大粒径颗粒物的数量；
S14:根据S12中得到的小粒径颗粒物被误判为大粒径颗粒物数量的修正系数、S13中得到的不同粒径范围颗粒物的总数、大粒径颗粒物的数量，对被测气体中实际的大粒径颗粒物的数量进行修正计算，被测气体中实际大粒径颗粒物数量＝S13中大粒径颗粒物数量-S13中不同粒径颗粒物总数×S12中修正系数；
S15:根据S13中得到的不同粒径范围颗粒物的总数、S14中得到的被测气体中实际大粒径颗粒物的数量，得到被测气体中实际的小粒径颗粒物的数量，即被测气体中实际的小粒径颗粒物的数量
＝S13中不同粒径颗粒物总数-S15中空气实际大粒径颗粒物的数量。
进一步的，通过步骤S11中采集的小粒径颗粒物通过标准粒子发生器产生，和/或通过燃烧香烟产生。
进一步的，得到的不同粒径范围颗粒物的总数＝小粒径颗粒物的总数，大粒径颗粒物的数量为小粒径颗粒物总数中的一部分被误判的数量。
进一步的，所述步骤S1计算小粒径颗粒物被误判为大粒径颗粒物数量的修正系数，包括如下步骤：
S21:采集仅包含小粒径颗粒物的被测气流，对所述被测气流进行颗粒物数量检测，获取检测结果；
S22:根据检测结果得到小粒径颗粒物被误判为粒径范围为大于所述小粒径颗粒物粒径最大值、并且小于或等于所述大粒径颗粒物粒径最大值的颗粒物数量的比例，即为小粒径颗粒物被误判为大粒径颗粒物数量的修正系数。
进一步的，所述步骤S1根据修正系数对测量得到的大粒径颗粒物的数量和质量浓度进行修正，包括如下步骤：
S23:用标准空气质量检测装置检测所述被测气流中小粒径颗粒物的质量浓度，并根据步骤S21中检测得到的所述小粒径颗粒物的数量，得到所述小粒径颗粒物的数量与其质量浓度之间的第一相关系数；
S24:根据小粒径颗粒物的粒径最大值、第一相关系数以及大粒径颗粒物的粒径最大值，得到粒径范围大于所述小粒径颗粒物粒径最大值、并且小于或等于所述大粒径颗粒物粒径最大值的颗粒物的数量与其质量浓度之间的第二相关系数；
S25:根据所述小粒径颗粒物被误判为大粒径颗粒物数量的修正系数、第一相关系数和第二相关系数对多通道空气质量检测装置进行标定，计算并修正测量得到大粒径颗粒物的质量浓度而得到修正后的大粒径颗粒物的质量浓度。
进一步的，所述步骤S21中,对所述被测气流进行颗粒物数量检测的方法为：采用多通道颗粒物检测装置对所述被测气流进行检测，并对所述多通道颗粒物检测装置中的光电传感器输出的电压脉冲的峰值进行统计，取涵盖一定样本数所对应的电压脉冲的峰值的最大值为对应粒径范围的颗粒物的电压阈值，以此得到小粒径颗粒物的电压阈值和大粒径颗粒物的电压阈值，且将脉冲峰值小于或等于所述小粒径电压阈值的脉冲判定为小粒径颗粒物，将脉冲峰值大于所述小粒径电压阈值并且小于或等于所述大粒径电压阈值的脉冲判定为大粒径颗粒物。
进一步的，所述步骤S22中，所述小粒径颗粒物被误判为大粒径颗粒物数量的修正系数=粒径范围大于小粒径颗粒物粒径最大值并且小于或等于大粒径颗粒物粒径最大值的颗粒物数量/小粒径颗粒物的数量。
进一步的，所述步骤S23中，所述小粒径颗粒物的数量与其质量浓度之间的第一相关系数=标准空气质量检测装置检测得到的被测气流中的小粒径颗粒物的质量浓度/小粒径颗粒物的数量。
进一步的，所述步骤S24中，所述粒径范围大于所述小粒径颗粒物粒径最大值、并且小于或等于所述大粒径颗粒物粒径最大值的颗粒物的数量与其质量浓度之间的第二相关系数＝第一相关系数*(大粒径颗粒物的粒径最大值/小粒径颗粒物的粒径最大值)3。
进一步的，所述步骤S25中所述大粒径颗粒物的质量浓度＝第二相关系数*(测量得到的所述大粒径颗粒物的数量-所述小粒径颗粒物数量*所述小粒径颗粒物被误判为大粒径颗粒物数量的修正系数)+标定后的小粒径颗粒物的质量浓度。
进一步的，步骤S21中的小粒径颗粒物通过标准粒子发生器产生，和/或通过燃烧香烟产生。
进一步的，步骤S11、S21中，所述小粒径颗粒物的粒径最大值为1μm或2.5μm，所述大粒径颗粒物的粒径最大值为2.5μm或10μm。
进一步的，所述小粒径颗粒为PM1.0，所述大粒径颗粒物为PM2.5和/或PM10。
进一步的，所述小粒径颗粒为PM2.5，所述大粒径颗粒物为PM10。
一种同时测量不同粒径颗粒物质量浓度的装置，所述装置包括光电传感器和标定模块，所述标定模块通过上述方法进行标定。
本发明的有益效果：运用激光散射原理对空气中不同粒径范围颗粒物进行检测，运用多通道空气质量检测装置对香烟中颗粒物粒径分布数量检测、计算修正系数对空气中不同粒径范围颗粒物数量修正，以消除小粒径颗粒物被误判为大粒径颗粒物数量的干扰不同粒径的颗粒物的数量与实际的颗粒物浓度之间的系数关系，对多通道空气质量检测装置进行标定，本发明方法和装置能实现同时在线测量不同粒径颗粒物的质量浓度，测量精度高、成本低。
附图说明
图1是本发明消除不同粒径范围颗粒物之间的交叉干扰总流程图；
图2是本发明实施例一消除大粒径颗粒物对小粒径颗粒物干扰的流程图；
图3是本发明实施例二消除小粒径颗粒物对大粒径颗粒物干扰的流程图；
图4是对粒径范围为1μm以下的颗粒物进行检测得到的电压值图；
图5是图4的电压值图的电压幅值区间分布图；
图6是图4的电压值图的电压幅值更细化的区间分布图；
图7是本发明一种高精度同时测量不同粒径颗粒物质量浓度装置的组成图。
具体实施方式
下面通过实施例，并结合附图对本发明的技术方案作进一步具体的说明。
根据背景技术中所描述的，由于在空气质量检测装置中激光焦点附近的光强分布不均匀，同一种粒径颗粒物在焦点的不同位置散射出来的光强度不同，容易造成空气质量检测装置中的光电探测器对颗粒物粒径的误判，不同粒径之间会发生相互交叉干扰，导致颗粒物浓度检测结果不准确。
请参阅图1，其为本发明消除不同粒径范围颗粒物之间的交叉干扰的方法，包括如下步骤：
S1：计算小粒径颗粒物被误判为大粒径颗粒物数量的修正系数；
S2：根据修正系数对测量得到的小粒径颗粒物的数量或大粒径颗粒物的数量和质量浓度进行修正。
所述的大粒径颗粒物为大于所述小粒径颗粒物粒径最大值的颗粒物。
请参阅图2，其为本发明消除不同粒径范围颗粒物之间的交叉干扰的方法的实施例一，实施例一可消除被误判为大粒径颗粒物的小粒径颗粒物对小粒径颗粒物数量的干扰，请参照实施例一进行说明。
实施例一
如图1、图2所示：
S11：采集仅包含小粒径颗粒物被测气流，本实施例中的小粒径颗粒物通过用标准粒子发生器产生，若没有粒子发生器等设备，无法产生对应的颗粒，也可直接用香烟燃烧产生的气体和颗粒作为被测气体和被测颗粒，因为香烟燃烧后产生的颗粒的直径基本小于或等于1um，燃烧香烟产生，通过多通道空气质量检测装置对燃烧香烟产生的被测气流中不同粒径颗粒物数量进行检测，如表1-1所示：
表1-1 香烟中不同粒径范围的颗粒物的数量
Figure WO-DOC-FIGURE-biao1-1
如表1-1所示，通过多通道空气质量检装置测试，粒径范围0.3μm＜d3≤10μm粒子数N为10568；粒径范围1μm＜d4≤10μm粒子数为N大1为120；粒径范围2.5μm＜d5≤10μm粒子数N大2为11。理想状态下，标准粒子发生器或香烟中颗粒物粒子数均应分布在0.3μm＜d1≤1μm的小粒径范围，因此在理想状态下通过多通道空气质量检测装置检测得到的0.3μm＜d3≤10μm粒径范围的总粒子数应等于0.3μm＜d1≤1μm粒径范围的粒子数，但实际测试中，显示在1μm＜d4≤10μm及2.5μm＜d5≤10μm粒径范围内有粒子数输出，说明测量得到的1μm以上粒子数为0.3μm＜d3≤10μm粒径范围的总粒子数中的部分被误判的数量；
S12：通过以上数据计算小粒径颗粒物被误判为大粒径颗粒物数量的修正系数Ki：
Ki=N大/N
故，粒径范围为1μm＜d4≤10μm的修正系数为：K1=N大1/N=120/10568=0.0114；
故，粒径范围为2.5μm＜d5≤10μm的修正系数为：K2.5
K2=N大2/N=11/10568=0.001;
则，在香烟环境下(理想状态下)，粒径范围为0.3μm＜d3≤10μm的粒子数为总数＝粒径范围为0.3μm＜d1≤1μm的数量，粒子总数N不变：即修正后的粒子总数等于修正前的粒子总数：N＝N′＝10568；
在香烟中使用多通道空气质量检测装置进行检测并修正，修正后在1μm＜d4≤10μm及2.5μm＜d5≤10μm粒径范围内无粒子数输出。
S13：通过多通道空气质量检测装置对空气中不同粒径颗粒物数量检测如表1-2所示：
表1-2 空气中不同粒径范围的颗粒物的数量
Figure WO-DOC-FIGURE-biao1-2
如表1-2所示，通过多通道空气质量检测装置检测，在0.3μm＜d3≤10μm粒径范围内粒子总数n为10037；在1μm＜d4≤10μm粒径范围内粒子数n为216；在2.5μm＜d5≤10μm粒径范围内粒子数n大2为17；
S14：根据S12在香烟中下确定的修正系数Ki、S13中得到的n(n为不同粒径范围颗粒物总数)、S13中得到的n大对空气中实际的大粒径颗粒物的数量n大′进行修正计算：
n大′＝n大-Ki×n
故，粒径范围为1μm＜d4≤10μm的测试数据为n大1为216，则修正后数量为：N大’=N大-Ki✖n=216-0.0114✖10037=102
故，粒径范围为2.5μm＜d5≤10μm的测试数据为n大2为17，则修正后数量为：N大2’=N大2-K2✖n=17-0.001✖10037=7；
修正后粒子总数不变：n＝n′；
S15：根据S13中得到的n(n为不同粒径范围颗粒物总数)、S14中得到的修正后空气中实际的大粒径颗粒物的数量n大′，得到修正后空气中实际的小粒径颗粒物的数量n小，对于小粒径范围为0.3μm＜d1≤1μm的小粒径颗粒物的数量n小，修正后的数据为：
n小＝n-n大1′＝10377-102＝10275。
通过上述步骤，从而消除了被误判为大粒径颗粒物的小粒径颗粒物对小粒径的颗粒物以及对大粒径颗粒物的数量的影响。
请参阅图1、3、4和5，其为本发明消除不同粒径范围颗粒物之间的交叉干扰的方法的实施例二，实施例二可消除被误判为大粒径颗粒物的小粒径颗粒物对大粒径颗粒物的数量和质量浓度的干扰，请参照实施例二进行说明。
实施例二
如附图1、3、4、5所示。
在本实施例中以粒径范围为0.3μm＜d1≤1μm的颗粒物(PM1.0)为第一粒径颗粒物，粒径范围为0.3μm＜d2≤2.5μm的颗粒物为第二粒径颗粒物(PM2.5)，以多通道空气质量检测装置能同时检测第一粒径颗粒物以及第二粒径颗粒物两种颗粒物的数量和质量浓度为例进行举例说明，但多通道空气质量检测装置还可以同时检测其他多种颗粒物的数量和质量浓度。
如图3所示，本实施例提供了消除小粒径对大粒径颗粒物的干扰的方法，其包括如下步骤：
步骤S21，采集仅包含第一粒径颗粒物的被测气流，用多通道空气质量检测装置检测所述被测气流，获取该被测气流中的颗粒物数量分布；
以多通道空气质量检测装置为例，其设置不同的检测通道，且可在不同的检测通道中同时检测不同类型、不同粒径的颗粒物的数量。
具体的，步骤S21中，可利用标准粒子发生器产生包含第一粒径颗粒物的被测气流，且上述被测气流中只包含第一粒径颗粒物(例如0.3μm＜d1≤1μm)，不包含其他粒径大于第一粒径颗粒物的粒径最大值的颗粒物，以便对第一粒径颗粒物被误判为粒径范围大于第一粒径颗粒物的粒径最大值、且小于或等于第二粒径颗粒物的粒径最大值的颗粒物的数量进行检测。
由于多通道空气质量检测装置中的光电传感器会产生误判(由于激光焦点正中心及正中心附近的光强度最大，因此经过焦点正中心及正中心附近的第一粒径颗粒物会被误判为粒径范围大于第一粒径颗粒物粒径最大值的颗粒物)，因此会在检测结果中除得到第一粒径颗粒物的数量N小之外，还会得到第一粒径颗粒物中被误判为粒径大于第一粒径颗粒物的粒径最大值、且同时小于或等于第二粒径颗粒物粒径最大值的颗粒物(即粒径范围为1μm＜d6≤2.5μm的颗粒物)的数量N大。
进一步的，图4示出了上述仅包含粒径范围0.3μm＜d1≤1μm(第一粒径颗粒物)的被测气流流过多通道空气质量检测装置时，多通道空气质量检测装置的光电传感器在一定时间内持续检测输出的电压脉冲。由图4可知，电压脉冲的峰值在0～4000mV之间，其中，每一个电压脉冲对应一个颗粒物，理论上，颗粒物的粒径越大，对应的电压脉冲的峰值就越大，为了减少误差。取涵盖一定比例的样本数所对应的电压脉冲峰值的最大值为电压阈值，而每一个多通道空气质量检测装置能检测到不同粒径的颗粒物，因此每一种粒径颗粒物均具有对应的、且不同的电压阈值。具体的，对粒径范围为0.3μm＜d1≤1μm的颗粒物，对所述多通道颗粒物检测装置中的光电传感器输出的电压脉冲的峰值进行统计，发现涵盖一定样本数比如98.7％的脉冲所对应的电压脉冲的峰值的最大值为300mV，可以得出粒径范围为0.3μm＜d2≤2.5μm的颗粒物对应的电压阈值为大于等于0mV，粒径范围为1μm＜d6≤2.5μm的颗粒物对应的电压阈值为大于等于300mV。
由此可将图5中峰值在大于等于0mV的电压脉冲判定为0.3μm＜d2≤2.5μm的颗粒物，将峰值为大于等于300mV的电压脉冲判定为粒径范围为1μm＜d6≤2.5μm的颗粒物。经过多次检测，对图4中的数据进行多次统计,以此得到如表2-1所示的四组不同粒径范围的颗粒物对应的数量。
表2-1 四组不同粒径范围的颗粒物的数量
Figure WO-DOC-FIGURE-biao2-1
通过对表2-1的数据进行整理可以得到如表2-1a的四组数据。
表2-1a 整理后的四组数据
Figure WO-DOC-FIGURE-biao2-1a
另外，本实施例中也可直接用香烟燃烧产生的气流作为被测气流，因为香烟燃烧后产生的颗粒物粒径基本小于或等于1μm，几乎不包含粒径范围大于1μm的颗粒物，因此，香烟燃烧产生的气流可认定为仅包含第一粒径颗粒物。
步骤S22:根据步骤S11中获取的颗粒物数量结果得到第一粒径颗粒物中被误判为粒径范围为1μm＜d6≤2.5μm的颗粒物比例；
经多次验证得知，在同一个空气质量检测装置中，第一粒径颗粒物(PM1.0)被误判为粒径范围为1μm＜d6≤2.5μm的颗粒物的比例K误=N大/N总=N大/（N小+N大）是一定的，同时由于根据多次试验可知N大相对N小几乎可以忽略不计，因此进行简化处理，将K误=N大/N总≈N大/N小。根据上表2-1a中的数据进行计算得到K误= N大/N小约为1.15％。
具体的，对图4中的数据进行统计计算，以得到图5所示的统计结果，从图4可看出，电压值峰值为在0到300mV之间的颗粒物的比例为98.8％，电压值峰值为大于等于300mV的颗粒物的比例为1.2％，即第一粒径颗粒物(PM1.0)中被误判为粒径范围为1μm＜d6≤2.5μm的颗粒物的颗粒物比例为K误＝1.2％，该比例与根据表2-1a计算得到的K误基本相等。
步骤S23:用标准的空气质量检测装置检测所述被测气流中第一粒径颗粒物的质量浓度C小，并根据步骤S22中得到的第一粒径颗粒物的数量N小，得到第一粒径颗粒物的数量与其质量浓度之间的第一相关系数K小；
理论上，在相同的测量环境中，同一粒径的颗粒物的数量与其质量浓度之间成正比，通过标准的空气质量检测装置检测上述被测气流中第一粒径颗粒物(PM1.0)的质量浓度，得到的检测结果计为C小，并将第一粒径颗粒物的数量与其质量浓度之间的系数记为第一相关系数K小，且K小=C小/N小。
在本实施例中，经过多次检测得到如表2-2所示的四组第一粒径颗粒物(PM1.0)的质量浓度与其数量的数据。
表2-2 第一粒径颗粒物的质量浓度与其数量的数据
Figure WO-DOC-FIGURE-biao2-2
由此可以根据上述第一相关系数K小的计算式获得粒径范围0.3μm＜d1≤1μm的第一粒径颗粒物(PM1.0)的数量与其质量浓度之间的第一相关系数K小＝0.0098。
步骤S24:根据第一粒径颗粒物的粒径最大值、第一相关系数K小以及第二粒径颗粒物的粒径最大值得到粒径范围为1μm＜d6≤2.5μm的颗粒物的数量与其质量浓度之间的第二相关系数K大；
由于不同粒径颗粒物的数量与其质量浓度之间的相关系数不同，并且不同粒径颗粒物的相关系数与其粒径的三次方近似成正比，在此，将第一粒径颗粒物的粒径最大值记为D小，将第二粒径颗粒物的粒径最大值记为D大，则粒径范围为1μm＜d6≤2.5μm的颗粒物与其质量浓度之间的第二相关系数K大=K小*（D大/D小）3并根据K小以及K大的计算式得到如表2-3所示的第一相关系数K小与第二相关系数K大的数据：
表2-3 四组第一相关系数K小与第二相关系数K大的数据
Figure WO-DOC-FIGURE-biao2-3
步骤S25:根据以上步骤中计算的第一粒径颗粒物中被误判为粒径范围为1μm＜d6≤2.5μm的颗粒物比例K误、第一相关系数K小和第二相关系数K大对多通道空气质量检测装置进行标定，可用多通道空气质量检测装置检测多种颗粒物的质量浓度。
多通道空气质量检测装置进行颗粒物检测的具体过程如下：采集任一待测气流，在本实施例中以获取同时包含PM1.0和粒径范围为1μm＜d6≤2.5μm的颗粒物的待测气流为例进行说明。通过多通道空气质量检测装置检测上述待测气流，将得到的粒径范围为0.3μm＜d6≤2.5μm的颗粒物数量记为N测总，粒径范围为1μm＜d6≤2.5μm的颗粒物(包含第一粒径颗粒物(PM1.0)中被误判为粒径范围为1μm＜d6≤2.5μm的颗粒物以及实际存在的粒径范围为1μm＜d6≤2.5μm的颗粒物)数量记为N测大，经过计算可知，粒径范围为0.3μm＜d1≤1μm的颗粒物数量记为N测小＝N测总-N测大，第一粒径颗粒物中被误判为粒径范围为1μm＜d6≤2.5μm的颗粒物的数量记为N误＝K误*N测小；则修正后的粒径范围为1μm＜d6≤2.5μm的颗粒物的数量N测大'＝N测大-N误＝N测大-N测小*K误＝N测大-(N测总-N测大)*K误。
修正后的粒径范围为0.3μm＜d1≤1.0μm的颗粒物的数量N测小'＝N测小+N误＝N测小+(N测总-N测大)*K误。
根据标定后的K小以及计算得到的N测小'计算第一粒径颗粒物(PM1.0)的质量浓度C小标，且C小标＝K小N测小'；根据K大、N测大'、N测总、C小标以及K误计算粒径范围为0.3μm＜d2≤2.5μm的所有颗粒物(PM2.5)的质量浓度C大标，C大标＝K大*N测大'+C小标＝K大*(N测大-N测小*K误)+C小标。
本实施例中，用多通道空气质量检测装置检测同时包含PM1.0(即粒径范围为0.3μm＜d1≤1μm的第一粒径颗粒物)和粒径范围为1μm＜d6≤2.5μm的颗粒物的待测气流，获得如表2-4所示的颗粒物数据；用标准粉尘浓度检测装置检测同种气流中PM1.0和PM2.5的浓度，同时按照C大标的计算方式得到如表2-5所示的质量浓度数据。
表2-4检测获得的PM2.5与粒径范围为1μm＜d6≤2.5μm的颗粒物的数量
Figure WO-DOC-FIGURE-biao2-4
Figure WO-DOC-FIGURE-biao2-4-2
表2-5标准仪器检测及通过本实施例方法获得的质量浓度数据
Figure WO-DOC-FIGURE-biao2-5
上表可知，经过标定的多通道粉尘浓度检测装置检测的PM1.0的质量浓度检测精度较高，消除PM1.0对PM2.5的干扰后的PM2.5的质量浓度比直接测量得到的PM2.5的质量浓度精度更高。
通过上述步骤，从而消除了被误判为大粒径的小粒径颗粒物对大粒径颗粒物的质量浓度的影响。
其中同时包含PM1.0和粒径范围为1μm＜d6≤2.5μm的颗粒物的待测气流可以由香烟尘加上A1粉尘(ISO12103-1 A1 Ultra fine Test Dust)得到。
实施例三：
如附图1、3、4、6。
在本实施例中以粒径范围为0.3μm＜d1≤1μm的颗粒物(PM1.0)为第一粒径颗粒物，粒径范围为0.3μm＜d2≤2.5μm的颗粒物(PM2.5)为第二粒径颗粒物，粒径范围为0.3μm＜d3≤10μm的颗粒物(PM10)为第三粒径颗粒物，多通道空气质量检测装置能同时检测第一粒径颗粒物、第二粒径颗粒物以及第三粒径颗粒物三种颗粒物的数量和质量浓度为例进行举例说明，但多通道空气质量检测装置还可以同时检测其他多种颗粒物的数量和质量浓度。
本实施例三与实施例二的不同之处如下：
步骤S21中，由于多通道空气质量检测装置中的光电传感器会产生误判，因此会在检测结果中除得到第一粒径颗粒物(PM1.0)的数量N小之外，还会得到第一粒径颗粒物(PM1.0)中被误判为粒径大于第一粒径颗粒物的粒径最大值、且同时小于或等于第二粒径颗粒物粒径最大值的颗粒物(即粒径范围为1μm＜d6≤2.5μm的颗粒物)的数量N大1，以及第一粒径颗粒物中被误判为粒径大于第二粒径颗粒物的粒径最大值、且同时小于第三粒径颗粒物的粒径最大值的颗粒物(即粒径范围为2.5μm＜d5≤10μm的颗粒物)的数量N大2。
类似于实施例二，经过多次检测，并对检测结果进行整理，得到如表3-1所示的四组对应不同粒径范围的颗粒物的数量数据。
表3-1 四组对应不同粒径范围的颗粒物的数量
Figure WO-DOC-FIGURE-biao3-1
步骤S22中，参考实施例一可以得出第一粒径颗粒物(PM1.0)被误判为粒径范围为1μm＜d6≤2.5μm的颗粒物的比例K误1=N大/N总≈N大1/N小是一定的，约为1.1％；第一粒径颗粒物(PM1.0)被误判为粒径范围为2.5μm＜d5≤10μm的颗粒物的比例K误2=N大2/N总≈N大2/N小也是一定的，约为0.1％。
具体的，对图4中的数据进行统计，以得到图6所示的统计结果，从图6可看出，98.7％的颗粒物对应的电压值小于或等于300mV，1.14％的颗粒物对应的电压值在300mV到1000mV之间，即第一粒径颗粒物被误判为粒径范围为1μm＜d6≤2.5μm的颗粒物的比例为K误1＝1.14％；0.1％的颗粒物对应的电压值在1000mV到4000mV之间，即第一粒径颗粒物被误判为粒径范围为2.5μm＜d5≤10μm的颗粒物的比例为K误2＝0.1％。
步骤S23:用标准的空气质量检测装置检测所述被测气流中第一粒径颗粒物的质量浓度，并根据步骤S11中检测得到的第一粒径颗粒物的数量，得到第一粒径颗粒物的数量与其质量浓度之间的第一相关系数K小；
步骤S24，根据第一粒径颗粒物的粒径最大值、第一相关系数K小、第二粒径颗粒物的粒径最大值以及第三粒径颗粒物的粒径最大值得到粒径范围为1μm＜d6≤2.5μm的颗粒物的数量与其质量浓度之间的第二相关系数K大1；以及得到粒径范围为2.5μm＜d5≤10μm的颗粒物的数量与其质量浓度之间的第三相关系数K大2；
具体的，将第一粒径颗粒物的粒径最大值记为D小，将第二粒径颗粒物的粒径最大值记为D大1以及将第三粒径颗粒物的粒径最大值记为D大2，则粒径范围为1μm＜d6≤2.5μm的颗粒物的数量与其质量浓度之间的第二相关系数D大1=D小*（D大1/D小）3，粒径范围为2.5μm＜d5≤10μm的颗粒物的数量与其质量浓度之间的第三相关系数D大2=D小*（D大2/D小）3，由此获得如表2-2所述的第一相关系数K小、第二相关系数K大1与第三相关系数K大2的数据。
表3-2四组第一相关系数K小、第二相关系数K大1与第三相关系数K大2的数据：
表3-2 相关系数K小、K大1、K大2数据
Figure WO-DOC-FIGURE-biao3-2
步骤S25中，根据以上步骤中计算的第一粒径颗粒物中被误判为粒径范围为1μm＜d6≤2.5μm的颗粒物的比例K误1、第一粒径颗粒物被误判为粒径范围为2.5μm＜d5≤10μm的颗粒物的比例K误2、第一相关系数K小、第二相关系数K大1以及第三相关系数K大2对多通道空气质量检测装置进行标定，可用多通道空气质量检测装置检测多种颗粒物的质量浓度。
具体的检测过程如下：采集包含第一粒径颗粒物、粒径范围为1μm＜d6≤2.5μm的颗粒物以及粒径范围为2.5μm＜d5≤10μm的颗粒物的待测气流，并通过多通道空气质量检测装置进行检测，检测后得到的粒径范围为0.3μm＜d≤10μm的颗粒物的数量记为N测总，粒径范围为1μm＜d≤10μm的颗粒物的的数量记为N总1，由此可以计算出第一粒径颗粒物(0.3μm＜d1≤1μm)的数量记为N测小＝N测总-N总1，粒径范围为1μm＜d6≤2.5μm的颗粒物的(包含第一粒径颗粒物中被误判为粒径范围为1μm＜d6≤2.5μm的颗粒物的颗粒物以及实际存在的1μm＜d6≤2.5μm的颗粒物)数量记为N测大1；粒径范围为2.5μm＜d5≤10μm的颗粒物的(包含第一粒径颗粒物中被误判为粒径范围为2.5μm＜d5≤10μm的颗粒物的颗粒物以及实际存在的粒径范围为2.5μm＜d5≤10μm的颗粒物)数量记为N测大2，则可以计算出粒径范围为1μm＜d6≤2.5μm的颗粒物的(包含第一粒径颗粒物中被误判为粒径范围为1μm＜d6≤2.5μm的颗粒物的颗粒物以及实际存在的1μm＜d6≤2.5μm的颗粒物)数量记为N测大1＝N总1-N测大2；
第一粒径颗粒物中被误判为粒径范围为1μm＜d6≤2.5μm的颗粒物的数量记为N误1＝K误1*N测小，第一粒径颗粒物中被误判为粒径范围为2.5μm＜d5≤10μm的颗粒物的数量记为N误2＝K误2*N测小；修正后的粒径范围为1μm＜d6≤2.5μm的颗粒物的数量N测大1'＝N测大1-N误1＝N测大1-N测小*K误1；修正后的粒径范围为2.5μm＜d5≤10μm的颗粒物的数量N测大2'＝N测大2-N误2＝N测大2-N测小*K误2；修正后的粒径范围为0.3μm＜d1≤1μm的颗粒物的数量记为N测小'＝N测小+N误1+N误2。
根据K小、N测小计算标定后的第一粒径颗粒物(PM1.0)的质量浓度C小标，为C小标＝K小N测小；根据K大1、N测大、N测小、C小标以及K误1计算第二粒径颗粒物(PM2.5)的质量浓度C大标1，且C大标1＝K大1*(N测大1-N测小*K误1)+C小标。
类似的，根据K大2、N测大2'、N测小、C小标以及K误2计算第三粒径颗粒物(PM10)的质量浓度C大标2，且C大标2＝K大2*(N测大2-N测小*K误2)+C大标1。
本实施例中，用多通道空气质量检测装置检测同时包含PM1.0(即粒径范围为d1≤1μm的第一粒径颗粒物)、粒径范围为1μm＜d6≤2.5μm的颗粒物以及粒径范围为2.5μm＜d5≤10μm的颗粒物)的待测气流，获得及整理检测数据得到如表3-3所示的不同粒径范围的颗粒物的数量；并用标准粉尘浓度检测装置检测同种气流中PM1.0、PM2.5以及PM10的浓度，得到如表3-4所示的质量浓度数据。
表3-3不同粒径范围的颗粒物的数量
Figure WO-DOC-FIGURE-biao3-3
表3-4标准仪器检测及通过本实施例方法获得的PM1.0、PM2.5以及PM10的质量浓度
Figure WO-DOC-FIGURE-biao3-4
Figure WO-DOC-FIGURE-biao3-4-2
由上表可知，经过标定的多通道粉尘浓度检测装置检测的PM1.0的质量浓度检测精度较高，消除PM1.0对PM2.5的干扰后的PM2.5的质量浓度比直接测量得到的PM2.5的质量浓度精度更高，消除PM1.0对PM10的干扰后的PM10的质量浓度比直接测量得到的PM10的质量浓度精度更高。
由于在检测结果中消除了高浓度的PM1.0(第一粒径颗粒物)对低浓度的PM2.5(第二粒径颗粒物)和PM10(第三粒径颗粒物)的质量浓度的干扰，因此该方案能够较大地提高粉尘浓度检测结果的精度。
实施例四
请参阅图7，一种高精度同时测量不同粒径颗粒物质量浓度装置，其特征在于：所述系统包括光电传感器31和标定模块32，所述标定模块32通过如实施例一和实施例二中任一可选实施方式中所述的方法进行标定。
本发明中所描述的具体实施例仅仅是对本发明精神作举例说明。本发明所属技术领域的技术人员可以对所描述的具体实施例做各种各样的修改或补充或采用类似的方式替代，但并不会偏离本发明的精神或者超越所附权利要求书所定义的范围。
在不冲突的情况下，本文中上述实施例及实施例中的特征可以相互结合。
以上所述仅为本发明的较佳实施例，并不用以限制本发明，凡在本发明的精神和原则之内，所作的任何修改、等同替换、改进等，均应包含在本发明的保护范围之内。

Claims (17)

  1. 一种同时测量不同粒径颗粒物质量浓度的方法，其特征在于，包括如下步骤：
    S1：计算小粒径颗粒物被误判为大粒径颗粒物数量的修正系数；
    S2：根据修正系数对测量得到的小粒径颗粒物的数量或大粒径颗粒物的数量和质量浓度进行修正；
    所述的大粒径颗粒物为大于所述小粒径颗粒物粒径最大值的颗粒物。
  2. 如权利要求1所述方法，其特征在于：所述步骤S1中计算小粒径颗粒物被误判为大粒径颗粒物数量的修正系数包括如下步骤：
    S11：采集仅包含小粒径颗粒物的被测气流，通过多通道空气质量检测装置对被测气流中不同粒径颗粒物数量检测，得到不同粒径范围颗粒物的总数、大粒径颗粒物的数量；
    S12：大粒径颗粒物的数量除以不同粒径范围颗粒物的总数而得到小粒径颗粒物被误判为大粒径颗粒物数量的修正系数；
  3. 如权利要求2所述方法，其特征在于：所述步骤S1中根据修正系数对测量得到的小粒径颗粒物的数量进行修正，包括如下步骤：
    S13：通过多通道空气质量检测装置对被测气体中不同粒径颗粒物数量检测，得到不同粒径范围颗粒物的总数、大粒径颗粒物的数量；
    S14:根据S12中得到的小粒径颗粒物被误判为大粒径颗粒物数量的修正系数、S13中得到的不同粒径范围颗粒物的总数、大粒径颗粒物的数量，对被测气体中实际的大粒径颗粒物的数量进行修正计算，被测气体中实际大粒径颗粒物数量＝S13中大粒径颗粒物数量-S13中不同粒径颗粒物总数×S12中修正系数；
    S15:根据S13中得到的不同粒径范围颗粒物的总数、S14中得到的被测气体中实际大粒径颗粒物的数量，得到被测气体中实际的小粒径颗粒物的数量，即 被测气体中实际的小粒径颗粒物的数量
    ＝S13中不同粒径颗粒物总数-S15中空气实际大粒径颗粒物的数量。
  4. 如权利要求2所述的方法，其特征在于：通过步骤S11中采集的小粒径颗粒物通过标准粒子发生器产生，和/或通过燃烧香烟产生。
  5. 如权利要求4所述的方法，其特征在于：得到的不同粒径范围颗粒物的总数＝小粒径颗粒物的总数，大粒径颗粒物的数量为小粒径颗粒物总数中的一部分被误判的数量。
  6. 如权利要求1所述方法，其特征在于：所述步骤S1计算小粒径颗粒物被误判为大粒径颗粒物数量的修正系数，包括如下步骤：
    S21:采集仅包含小粒径颗粒物的被测气流，对所述被测气流进行颗粒物数量检测，获取检测结果；
    S22:根据检测结果得到小粒径颗粒物被误判为粒径范围为大于所述小粒径颗粒物粒径最大值、并且小于或等于所述大粒径颗粒物粒径最大值的颗粒物数量的比例,即为小粒径颗粒物被误判为大粒径颗粒物数量的修正系数。
  7. 如权利要求6所述方法，其特征在于：所述步骤S1根据修正系数对测量得到的大粒径颗粒物的数量和质量浓度进行修正，包括如下步骤：
    S23:用标准空气质量检测装置检测所述被测气流中小粒径颗粒物的质量浓度，并根据步骤S21中检测得到的所述小粒径颗粒物的数量，得到所述小粒径颗粒物的数量与其质量浓度之间的第一相关系数；
    S24:根据小粒径颗粒物的粒径最大值、第一相关系数以及大粒径颗粒物的粒径最大值，得到粒径范围大于所述小粒径颗粒物粒径最大值、并且小于或等于所述大粒径颗粒物粒径最大值的颗粒物的数量与其质量浓度之间的第二相关系数；
    S25:根据所述小粒径颗粒物被误判为大粒径颗粒物数量的修正系数、第一相关系数和第二相关系数对多通道空气质量检测装置进行标定，计算并修正测量得到大粒径颗粒物的质量浓度而得到修正后的大粒径颗粒物的质量浓度。
  8. 如权利要求6所述方法，其特征在于：所述步骤S21中,对所述被测气流进行颗粒物数量检测的方法为：采用多通道颗粒物检测装置对所述被测气流进行检测，并对所述多通道颗粒物检测装置中的光电传感器输出的电压脉冲的峰值进行统计，取涵盖一定样本数所对应的电压脉冲的峰值的最大值为对应粒径范围的颗粒物的电压阈值，以此得到小粒径颗粒物的电压阈值和大粒径颗粒物的电压阈值，且将脉冲峰值小于或等于所述小粒径电压阈值的脉冲判定为小粒径颗粒物，将脉冲峰值大于所述小粒径电压阈值并且小于或等于所述大粒径电压阈值的脉冲判定为大粒径颗粒物。
  9. 如权利要求6所述方法，其特征在于：所述步骤S22中,所述小粒径颗粒物被误判为大粒径颗粒物数量的修正系数
    Figure PCTCN2018098076-appb-100001
  10. 如权利要求7所述方法，其特征在于：所述步骤S23中，所述小粒径颗粒物的数量与其质量浓度之间的第一相关系数
    Figure PCTCN2018098076-appb-100002
  11. 如权利要求10所述方法，其特征在于：所述步骤S24中，所述粒径范围大于所述小粒径颗粒物粒径最大值、并且小于或等于所述大粒径颗粒物粒径最大值的颗粒物的数量与其质量浓度之间的第二相关系数＝第一相关系数*(大粒径颗粒物的粒径最大值/小粒径颗粒物的粒径最大值) 3。
  12. 如权利要求10所述方法，其特征在于：所述步骤S25 中所述大粒径颗粒物的质量浓度＝第二相关系数*(测量得到的所述大粒径颗粒物的数量-所述小粒径颗粒物数量*所述小粒径颗粒物被误判为大粒径颗粒物数量的修正系数)+标定后的小粒径颗粒物的质量浓度。
  13. 如权利要求6所述的方法，其特征在于：步骤S21中的小粒径颗粒物通过标准粒子发生器产生，和/或通过燃烧香烟产生。
  14. 如权利要求6所述的方法，其特征在于：步骤S11、S21中，所述小粒径颗粒物的粒径最大值为1μm或2.5μm，所述大粒径颗粒物的粒径最大值为2.5μm或10μm。
  15. 如权利要求1所述的方法，其特征至于：所述小粒径颗粒为PM1.0，所述大粒径颗粒物为PM2.5和/或PM10。
  16. 如权利要求1所述的方法，其特征至于：所述小粒径颗粒为PM2.5，所述大粒径颗粒物为PM10。
  17. 一种同时测量不同粒径颗粒物质量浓度的装置，其特征在于：所述装置包括光电传感器和标定模块，所述标定模块通过如权利要求1-16中任一权利要求所述的方法进行标定。
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