WO2020035115A1

WO2020035115A1 - Tampon

Info

Publication number: WO2020035115A1
Application number: PCT/DE2019/100742
Authority: WO
Inventors: Verena Jäger
Original assignee: Jaeger Verena
Priority date: 2018-08-17
Filing date: 2019-08-19
Publication date: 2020-02-20
Also published as: DE112019004134A5; EP3836948A1

Abstract

The invention relates to a tampon which comprises at least one active substance to prevent or alleviate dysmenorrhea.

Description

TAMPON

The present invention relates to a tampon comprising at least one active ingredient for preventing or ameliorating dysmenorrhea.

State of the art

There are various ways to treat menstrual cramps

naturopathic active ingredients for oral administration in the form of tablets

(Painkillers, food supplements, etc.) Globulis or teas, and also known as hip baths for vaginal use.

European patent EP 1 455 847 B1 discloses a tampon which is suitable for delivering a therapeutic agent. The tampon contains an absorbent material and a formulation with a therapeutically active agent. The therapeutically active agent is a herbal agent which is applied to an outer layer of the tampon. Agnus castus, aloe vera, comfrey, marigold, dong quai, bugweed, chamomile, evening primrose, hypericum perforatum, licorice root, currant seed oil, St. John's wort, tea extract, lemon balm capsicum, rosemary, areca catechu, mung bean, boramel corn oil, hamamel seed oil Lavender and soy revealed.

The international publication WO 2007/021098 A1 discloses one

Sanitary napkin containing a herbal composition. The herbal composition can include green tea leaves, Sophora flavescens, mugwort

(Artemisiae Folium). The international publication WO

2006/0147341 A1 discloses a vaginal tampon device with a mucoadhesive composition. The mucoadhesive summary can also comprise botanical active ingredients, these being from Agnus castus, Aloe Vera, Comfrey,

Calendula, dong quai, black cohosh, chamomile, evening primrose, Hypericum perforatum, black currant, seed oil, St. John's wort, tea extract, Lemon balm, bell pepper, rosemary, areca catechu, mung beans, borage seed oil, witch hazel, fenugreek, lavender, soy, vaccinium extract, heather, azaleas, red onions, root extract, capsanthin and capsaicin.

US patent application US 2002/0010447 A1 discloses a fibrous, absorbent article for absorbing body fluids, e.g. a tampon comprising one or more materials that can absorb odors.

Presentation of the invention, task, solution, advantages

Based on the above considerations, the present invention is therefore based on the object of providing a tampon which has the following advantageous properties:

Due to the vaginal application, an additional burden on the gastrointestinal tract is avoided when the active ingredients are added, and they can also develop their effects locally in a lower dose in the best way. Vaginal infections, which are often promoted by drying out of the vagina when using tampons, can also be caused by the active ingredients

be avoided or contained. The menstrual cycle is regulated naturally and may even be shortened.

The other primary menstrual complaints such as abdominal and back pain, diarrhea, headache, nausea etc. are also treated with the tampon during vaginal use. The user can use the tampons without changing their user behavior, as they are used in a similar way to regular tampons. A treatment of menstrual cramps that may have been carried out in parallel using tablets,

Teas, nutritional supplements, globules, hip baths etc. are not required. The advantage of the combined use of a tampon with active ingredients lies above all in the simplified user behavior. The separate intake of pain reliever There is no need for medication and the dosage is automatically adjusted to the strength of the menstrual period, since the tampon has to be exchanged more frequently in the event of heavy bleeding and new active substances are therefore added at shorter intervals.

In a first aspect, the present invention therefore relates to a tampon. The tampon can be an active ingredient for preventing or alleviating

Dysmenorrhea included.

According to the invention, a tampon is understood to be any suitable feminine hygiene tampon. The tampon usually includes at least one

Pad core and a pad cover. However, this tampon is preferably suitable for the relief of menstrual cramps, especially dysmenorrhea. The components of the active ingredients penetrate the tissue through the mucous membrane of the vagina and develop their biological effectiveness there. An absorption through the gastrointestinal tract and the high combination of active substances in the body which is necessarily associated with a systemic effect can thus advantageously be avoided.

The active ingredient for preventing or alleviating dysmenorrhea can be introduced into the tampon so that it is absorbed directly by the vaginal mucosa and can therefore optimally develop its effect in the local area of application. The active substance can preferably be contained in the tampon core. Alternatively or additionally, the active ingredient can also be contained in the tampon cover.

One or more of the following active ingredients can be used as active ingredient (ie phytotherapeutic active ingredients according to point 1.): Chaste tree (Vitex agnus castus), St. John's wort, (Hypericum), yarrow (Achillea), lady's mantle (alchemilla vulgaris, alchemilla alpina, alchemilla xanthochlora) ), Lemon balm (Melissa officinalis), gooseberries (Argentina anserina), chamomile flowers (Matricaria chamomilla L.,), black cohosh (Actaea racemosa, Cimicifuga racemosa), evening primrose oil (Oenothera biennis), nettle (Urtica), bishop's herb (amniocha visa) (Juniperus), shepherd's purse (Capsella), Devil's claw (Harpagophytum procumbens), coconut oil or coconut oil, also called coconut fat, large-fruity cranberry / cranberry (Vaccinium

macrocarpon), sage (Salvia), fennel (Foeniculum vulgare), Chinese angelica (Angelica sinensis), lavender (Lavandula angustifolia, Syn.Lavandula officinalis, Lavandula vera), verbena (Verbena officinalis) and wormwood

(Artemisia absinthium L.)., Mugwort (artemisia vulgaris), snowball bark (Cortex viburni), ginger (Zingiber officinale), rosemary (Rosmarinus officinalis), fennel (Foeniculum vulgare), horsetail (Equisetum arvense), hops (Humulus).

Surprisingly, it has been shown that the active ingredient with the

Tampon material can be combined well and efficiently regulates the menstrual cycle in a natural way and, if necessary, even shortens it. A prevention or

Relief from dysmenorrhea was made possible by the tampon.

Alternatively, one or more of the following active ingredients can be used as active ingredient: chaste tree (Vitex agnus-castus), St. John's wort (Hypericum perforatum), sheep administration (Achillea millefolium), lady's mantle (Alchemilla diversa), lemon balm (Melissa officinalis), goose gingerweed (Argentina anserina )

Chamomile flowers (Matricaria chamomilla L.), black cohosh (Actaea racemosa), evening primrose oil (Oenothera biennis), nettle (Urtica), juniper (Juniperus), bishop's herb (amni visnaga), shepherd's purse (Capsella bursa-pastoris),

Devil's claw (Harpagophytum procumbens), coconut oil (Oleum cocos), sage (Salviae folium), large-fruity cranberry (Vaccinium macrocarpon), fennel (Foeniculum vulgare), female root (Chrysanthemum balsamita), verbena (Verbena officinalis), wormwood (Abs. Chinese angelica (Angelica sinensis) or lavender (Lavandula vera).

For an optimal mode of action, the active ingredient can preferably consist of two

Active substance mixtures are selected: Active substance mixture at

Premenstrual syndrome and general menstrual cramps:

Nettle, coulter, lady's mantle, horsetail, lemon balm, verbena,

Goose finger herb, shepherd's purse and chamomile flowers, possibly with the addition of homeopathic agents, minerals and vitamins Climacteric marigold, hops, black cohosh, chaste tree,

Evening primrose oil, thyme, peppermint and sage, possibly with the addition of homeopathic drugs, minerals and vitamins.

In an advantageous further development of the invention, the tampon comprises one or more homeopathic active ingredients as an active ingredient. One or more of the following can preferably be used as homeopathic active ingredients

homeopathic active ingredients are used: Cimifuga, Pulsatilla, Colocynthis, Chamomilla, Agnus castus, Belladonna, magnesium phoshoricum or Calcium phosporicum.

In a preferred implementation, the active ingredient is a tannin of

Ellagitannins type. The tanning agent preferably has agrimoniin as

Main component. In another preferred implementation, the

Active ingredient is a flavonoid. If the active ingredient is selected from these groups of substances, the tampon has an excellent pain-relieving property in combination with very good storage stability.

Preferably the active ingredient is a drug, i.e. a dried one

Plant component. In particular, the active ingredient can be dried, powdered leaves of lady's mantle (Alchemilla xanthochlora).

Preferably, the drug is selected from the group of drugs including chaste tree (Vitex agnus-castus), St. John's wort (Hypericum perforatum), sheep administration (Achillea millefolium), lady's mantle (Alchemilla diversa), lemon balm (Melissa officinalis), goose finger herb (Argentina anserina), Chamomile flowers (Matricaria chamomilla L.), black cohosh (Actaea racemosa), evening primrose oil (Oenothera biennis), nettle (Urtica), juniper (Juniperus), bishop's herb (amni visnaga), shepherd's purse (Capsella bursa-pastoris), devil's claw

(Harpagophytum procumbens), coconut oil (Oleum cocos), sage (Salviae folium), large-fruity cranberry (Vaccinium macrocarpon), fennel (Foeniculum vulgare), ladywort (Chrysanthemum balsamita), verbena (Verbena officinalis), wormwood (Artemisia.) Angelica (Angelica sinensis), lavender (Lavandula vera), wormwood (artemisia vulgaris), snowball bark (Codex viburni), ginger (Zingiber officinale), rosemary (Rosmarinus officinalis), fennel (Foeniculum vulgare), horsetail (Equisetum arvense), or hops ,

In a preferred implementation, the tampon comprises a mineral salt or a vitamin as an active ingredient. The mineral salt is preferably an inorganic mineral salt. The inorganic mineral salt can be made from magnesium (II) salt,

Calcium (II) salt, potassium (I) salt, iron (II) salt, iron (III) salt and zinc (II) salt can be selected. The vitamin can be selected from vitamins of the B complex and vitamin E. The tampon Borago Officinalis can also contain oil.

If the tampon contains a mineral salt or a vitamin as an active ingredient, the tampon surprisingly has an analgesic effect.

In a preferred implementation, the tampon has a first active ingredient that is a drug and a second active ingredient that is a mineral salt or vitamin. In a further preferred implementation, the tampon additionally has a third active substance, which is a homeopathic active substance.

In a preferred implementation, the tampon additionally contains at least one magnesium (II) salt. For example, the magnesium (II) salt can be a salt from the following group of salts: magnesium (II) citrate, magnesium (II) oxide, magnesium (II) sulfate, magnesium (II) carbonate, magnesium (II) phosphate or

Magnesium (II) bicarbonate.

In a preferred implementation, the tampon contains 0.3 to 1.0 g of drug, preferably 0.3 to 0.5 g of drug, in particular approximately 0.33 g of drug. In another implementation, the tampon contains 0.05 to 0.5 g of mineral salt as an active ingredient. Such a tampon is optimal in terms of effectiveness in combination with an inexpensive use of the active ingredient. In a further preferred implementation, the tampon contains 0.05 to 0.5 g of magnesium (II) salt, preferably 0.1 to 0.3 g of magnesium (II) salt and

in particular about 0.2 g of magnesium (II) salt.

The magnesium (II) salt is preferably a mixture of 1 part by weight

Magnesium (ll) citrate and 1 part by weight of magnesium (ll) oxide.

In a preferred implementation, the tampon can additionally contain further minerals and / or vitamins. Magnesium (II), calcium (II), potassium (II), iron (II), iron (III), zinc (II) salts and vitamins of the B complex can be used as further minerals and / or vitamins and vitamin E, also in

Combination with Borago Officinalis oil.

The above-mentioned active ingredients, magnesium (II) salts or minerals and vitamins are preferably astringent, blood cleansing and hemostatic, antiseptic, antispasmodic, pain relieving, balancing and preventive in female diseases and have surprisingly been found to be suitable for treating general menstrual symptoms such as diarrhea, nausea , Headache, irregular menstrual cycles etc. Use can also be used for fibroids or endometriosis; Vaginal discharge; vaginal infections and premenstrual syndrome. Some substances are particularly effective in relieving menopausal symptoms or in the premenopause, while others are more cycle-regulating. It would therefore be practical to use different combinations of active ingredients for the different ones

Use areas of application or age groups. For example, tampons with coordinated active ingredients for younger women with more painful,

irregular cycles, middle-aged women with more regular, mostly stronger cycles and more mature women with onset of menopausal symptoms are offered in order to optimally cover the respective needs.

In a preferred implementation, the tampon contains from 0.3 to 1 g

Active ingredient, especially lady's mantle. Ideally, the tampon contains 0.33 g lady's mantle. In a preferred implementation, the tampon contains from 1 to 10 mg of active ingredient, in particular a mixture of vitamin B complex with vitamin E. Ideally, the tampon contains 2 mg of vitamin B complex and 30 IU of vitamin E.

In a preferred implementation, the tampon contains from 0.1 to 1 g of active ingredient, in particular a magnesium (II) salt. Ideally, the tampon contains 0.3 g of magnesium (II) salts.

In a second aspect, the present invention relates to a tampon for preventing or alleviating dysmenorrhea in women.

Surprisingly, it has been shown that the tampon can also be used as a medical tampon to relieve menstrual cramps in humans.

Preferred embodiments of the invention

Some special embodiments of the invention are described below by way of example and not in conclusion.

The particular embodiments serve only to explain the general inventive concept, but they do not limit the invention.

In general, the active ingredient can be introduced as a tincture, in a capsule, as a liquid extract, oils, globules, as a paste in powdered or freeze-dried form in or on the tampon. The active ingredients may have to be in a

Carrier, e.g. hardened vegetable fats.

A. Manufacturing

The following manufacturing processes have proven to be practical. Active substance depot in the tampon core, incorporation of the active substances into the tampon carrier material (usually viscose fibers) directly under or into the tampon cover (usually polyethylene, polypropylene or polyester.).

The tampon is therefore used like a commercial one

Tampons without further additives and is therefore extremely easy to carry out or without changing the habits by the user.

B. Active ingredients

The following active ingredients were used.

1. Phytotherapeutic agents (medicinal herbs) as agents

1.1 Chaste tree (agnus castus, Vitex agnus-castus)

Gynecological area of application: cycle regulating, use

especially for the treatment of premenstrual syndrome and painful menstrual bleeding

Effect: How exactly chaste tree works has not yet been clearly clarified. It is believed that certain components of the monk's pepper (probably diterpenes) have a dopaminergic effect, i.e. they can mimic the effect of the messenger substance dopamine in the body. In this way, it is said to have an impact on special pituitary cells in the brain and to inhibit the release of prolactin.

Origin: The original distribution area of the monk's pepper extends from the Mediterranean to Southwest Asia to the Crimea.

Ingredients: Chaste tree fruits contain the following ingredients, among others: bicyclic diterpenes (Labdan and Clerodan type), such as rotundifuran; Iridoid glycosides (such as aucubin, agnuside); Castin (a bitter substance); lipophilic Flavonoids (such as casticin, penduletin); hydrophilic flavonoids (such as orientin, luteolin-7-glycoside, isovitexin); Triglycerides with alpha-linolenic, oleic and linoleic acid; essential oil with 4-terpineol, alpha-pinene and sesquiterpenes or beta-carophyll

Study evidence: Its effects on premenstrual syndrome, painful menstrual bleeding, painfully swollen chest and

Control-rate anomalies have been proven by clinical studies. The effectiveness has been made binding by at least one of the relevant evaluation commissions (Commission E / ESCOP / HMPC / WHO).

Dosage: The daily dose is 30 to 40 mg of the corresponding drug

Preparation. The dose with vaginal use can be lower.

1.2 St. John's wort (Hypericum, Hypericum perforatum)

Gynecological area of application: for mild, temporary depressive disorders, such as those that occur during menopause

premenstrual mood swings

Effect: St. John's wort works similar to known antidepressants: the

Reuptake of messenger substances (neurotransmitters) from the switching points between two nerve endings are inhibited. The ingredient Hyperforin, which also has an antibacterial effect, is probably responsible for this.

Other ingredients in St. John's wort, such as hypericin or flavonoids, have an antiviral and anti-inflammatory effect.

Origin: The locust herbs are widespread almost worldwide, they are missing only in deserts, arctic regions and in the tropical lowlands.

Ingredients: The main ingredients of St. John's wort are: 2 - 4%

Hyperforin (presumably an isoprenoid); 2-4% flavonoids (hyperoside, rutoside, 3,8'-biapigenin; 0.1% naphthodianthrones (hypericin and pseudohypericin);

Emodinanthranol; 10% catechin tannin; volatile oil.

Proof of studies: Clinical studies prove: St. John's wort helps with mild depression, mood swings, anxiety and nervous conditions.

1.3 Yarrow (Achillea, Achillea millefolium)

Gynecological area of application: Yarrow is used due to its astringent (wound-healing-promoting) and antibacterial effect, especially in inflammation and for hip baths for cramp-like and inflammatory abdominal pain in women.

Effect: An anti-inflammatory and anti-edema effect has been demonstrated in laboratory tests. They are attributed to the sesquiterpene lactones and azulene. Aqueous extracts and oil have one in laboratory tests

antimicrobial effect. It is due to the ingredients (terpenoid

Connections) quite plausible. So the plant is suitable for the treatment of wounds and inflammation.

It is recommended that the yarrow be used in the case of poor appetite and minor

Indigestion. Externally, it is used in baths to relieve cramping and painful abdominal pain in women. The antispasmodic effect of various extracts and isolates is based on the

Terpenes and flavonoids and their potency is comparable to that of papaverine from poppy species. Homeopathy follows and uses the yarrow for cramp pain.

Origin: the yarrow is native to Europe, North Asia and North America and is valued worldwide as an ornamental and medicinal plant. The related musk yarrow (A. moschata), native to the Alps, is also used in folk medicine. The whole plant (Millefolii herba), the inflorescences (Millefolii flos) or the essential oil are used. Ingredients: pyrrolidine alkaloids (betonicin and stachydhn): _SE _piFlavonoids and volatile substances (terpenes) (including ß-pinene, camphor, 1, 8-cineol,

Caryophylls and azulene compounds - in the form of sesquiterpene lactones such as achillicin - and numerous others).

Study evidence: Psychovegetative pain in the small pelvis (Pelvipathia vegetativa): There are clear clinical studies available for these areas of application in order to assume effectiveness. The effectiveness was confirmed by at least one of the relevant evaluation commissions (Commission E / ESCOP / FIMPC / WFIO). Women's suffering (see

Menstrual problems), inflammation of the uterus (colpitis), inflammation of the external genitals in women (vulvitis, see vaginal diseases): There are numerous indications from a long tradition of use in folk medicine and medical experience that suggest effectiveness.

1.4 Women's coat, Alpine women's coat and yellow-green women's coat (alchemilla vulgaris, alchemilla alpina, alchemilla xanthochlora)

Gynecological area of application: traditionally for women like

Menstrual pain, menopausal symptoms or

Abdominal disorders. Also for mild diarrhea.

Effect: Like many other tannin-containing products in the rose family, the lady's mantle contains very astringent substances. There is a long tradition of use for women suffering from menstrual pain, menopausal complaints and abdominal diseases. The alpine women's coat (Alchemilla alpina) was also used for menstrual disorders and as a diuretic and antispasmodic

Origin: lady's mantle is a plant genus of the rose family (Rosaceae), which is common in Europe, Asia and Africa and mainly grows in the mountains. Ingredients: Ellagitannins (6-8%), including Agrimoniin, Laevigatin F and

Pedunculagin flavonoids (e.g. a querceting lucuronide).

Study evidence: According to Commission E, the use of the women's coat is useful for mild non-specific diarrheal diseases. In folk medicine, the plant is also used for pials, menstrual disorders and menopausal symptoms.

1.5 Melissa (Melissa officinalis)

Gynecological area of application: menstrual problems, mild

Vaginal infections with bacteria, fungi or viruses.

Effect: The essential oil has an antispasmodic as well as soothing

Property, which is why the lemon balm is often used for calming and relaxing. Extracts, but especially the essential oil, showed in

Laboratory tests have an activity against bacteria, fungi and viruses.

Origin: The home of lemon balm (Melissa officinalis) is the eastern one

Mediterranean area and Asia Minor. It is now cultivated in many parts of the world - in Europe, North Africa, Mexico and the USA.

Ingredients: Essential oil (in roots): A complex blend of

Monoterpenes like Citronellal together with Citral and Sesquiterpenes like Germacren D and ß-Caryophyllen. There are also triterpenes

Monoterpenglykoside. Tannins: rosemary acid (also known as

"Labiate tanning agent") phenolic carboxylic acids flavonoids

Proof of studies: most areas of application result from

Application observations and not through clinical studies. The WHO emphasizes the antimicrobial, antispasmodic and calming effects of lemon balm.

1.6 Goosefingers (Argentina anserina) Gynecological area of application: antispasmodic effect for period pain, even with mild diarrhea

Effect: The main effect of the goose finger herb is the loosening of

Spasms, especially in the area of smooth muscles, i.e. with all involuntary muscles, such as the digestive organs, uterus, etc. Therefore, you can use it wherever something cramps, e.g. intestinal cramps, period cramps, but also calf cramps and cramp-like cough. Cramped blood vessels also relax through gooseberries, which is why you can try angina pectoris.

In addition, the goose cinquefoil has a calming, anti-inflammatory and analgesic effect, which expands its possible uses even more.

Origin: Goose cinquefoil is widespread in the temperate areas of the northern hemisphere.

Ingredients: Goose cinquefoil contains tannins, bitter substances, mucilages, flavonoids and choline as therapeutically effective ingredients. It mainly has an astringent effect and also has an analgesic and stuffing effect. Other ingredients are

Anthocyanidins, hydroxycoumarins, phenol carboxylic acids, polyphenols and phytosterols.

Evidence of studies: Folk medicine generally uses the spasm herb for cramp-like complaints. The internal use of goose cinquefoil has now been scientifically recognized for the supportive treatment of non-specific diarrheal diseases with cramp-like complaints, other abdominal and abdominal pain with cramps and with

Menstrual cramps.

1.7 Chamomile flowers (Matricaria chamomilla L., Matricaria recutitia, Asteraceae) Gynecological area of application: Due to the antispasmodic and analgesic effect, chamomile improves menstrual cramps.

Antibacterial and anti-inflammatory baths or douches help normalize the vaginal environment.

Effect: Some ingredients (e.g. apigenin) bind to the same receptor in the brain as many other synthetic sedatives (benzodiazepine receptor). Chamomile extracts also contain the neurotransmitter GABA (y-aminobutyric acid), which plays a key role in stress and anxiety reactions and has a central depressant effect.

Origin: The species originally widespread in southern and eastern Europe is now practically native to all of Europe.

Ingredients: Essential oil (0.3 to 1.5%): Sesquiterpenes are an essential component of chamomile oil: Bisabolol, Bisabololoxid A, B, C, Bisabolonoxid, trans-ß-Farnesen. Chamazulene is only created during steam distillation from the colorless precursor Matricin. The oil is therefore colored blue to blue-green.

Polyins: Oils can contain up to 25% chemically reactive spiroethers (en-in-dicycloethers). These are labile substances and therefore not or only contained in traces in technically obtained oil. Flavonoids: Flavonoid and monoglycosides, acetylated flavone monoglycosides and their aglyca (0.5% apigenin-7-glucoside) are important for the chamomile effect. Polysaccharides: The mucilages (various sugar compounds; polysaccharides) are localized in the chamomile flowers.

Evidence of studies: Diseases and inflammations in the anal / genital area (hip baths): There are clear clinical studies for these areas of application in order to assume effectiveness. The effectiveness was assessed by at least one of the relevant evaluation commissions (commission

E / ESCOP / HMPC / WHO). Menstrual complaints, dysmenorrhea: There are numerous indications from a long tradition of use in folk medicine and in medical experience that suggest effectiveness.

1.8 Black cohosh (Actaea racemosa, Cimicifuga racemosa)

Gynecological area of application: menopause and

Menstrual problems Effect: The black cohosh unfolds in the

Humans have an estrogen-like effect that is attributed to the isoflavones and triterpenes. It should be organ-specific and selective. In contrast to artificial estrogen (= estrogen) there are no undesirable side effects. This is a considerable advantage over the hormones used in conventional therapy. Controlled studies indicate that the plant is effective for menopausal symptoms (neurovegetative, psychological, hot flashes, night sweats). According to recent studies, the plant is also said to inhibit bone loss and thus protect against osteoporosis.

Origin: The original distribution area of the black cohosh is Canada and the northeastern USA. Most are collected at game locations.

Ingredients: tetracyclic triterpene glycosides (actaein and cimicifugoside) and their aglyka (cimigenol, acetylacteol), isoflavones: formononetin, tannins: gallotannins, others: isoferulic acid, salicylic acid.

Study evidence: Commission E and WHO have confirmed the effectiveness of black cohosh on menopause complaints. Numerous clinical studies prove this. There is no scientific data on the use of complaints before and during menstruation. The

However, Commission E considers the use of black cohosh to be justified in premenstrual and dysmenorrheic psycho-vegetative and psychological complaints.

Dosage: The daily dose should correspond to 40 mg drug. 1.9 Evening primrose oil (Oenothera biennis)

Gynecological area of application: menopausal symptoms, mastodynia, premenstrual syndrome

Effect: A key ingredient in evening primrose is gamma-linolenic acid, a triple unsaturated fatty acid. In the body, gamma-linolenic acid is broken down into 2 other acids (dihomo-gamma-linolenic acid and

Arachidonic acid), which in turn precursors certain

Tissue hormones (prostaglandins and leukotrienes) are. These tissue hormones affect the cholesterol level, the dilation of the blood vessels and are involved in inflammatory reactions. The gamma-linolenic acid works

anti-inflammatory for irritable bowel syndrome, menopausal symptoms as well as circulatory and rheumatic ailments. Women with cyclical mastodynia showed low

Concentrations of metabolites of gamma-linolenic acid. Taking evening primrose oil improved the effects of several women

Complaints. Evening primrose oil worked better than treatment with a mock preparation, sometimes as good as the bromocriptine drug and worse than therapy with the danazol drug; these two

Medicines can be prescribed for hormonal imbalances.

Origin: The common evening primrose (Oenothera biennis) comes from North America. It can be found there from Canada to Mexico.

Ingredients: up to 25% oil, of which 8 - 14% g-linolenic acid (gamma-linolenic acid, an omega-3 fatty acid) and 60 - 80% linoleic acid, 9%

Palmitic acid, 7% oleic acid. Polyphenols: catechin, epicatechin, gallic acid with cold pressing also became a pentacyclic triterpene ester

demonstrated.

Proof of study: Mastodynia, cyclically recurring feeling of tension in the chest: was not processed by Commission E, but is recognized by the WHO. Premenstrual syndrome, discomfort before the onset of Menstrual period: There are numerous indications from a long period

Application tradition in folk medicine and medical

Experience medicine that can be effective. Premenstrual syndrome (recurring symptoms before the onset of a menstrual period): Several studies found evidence of the clinical effectiveness of evening primrose oil.

1.10 nettle (urtica)

Gynecological area of application isipi Premenstrual syndrome, Eisenmange

Effect: due to its high mineral content, the nettle-strengthening plant is considered. As with menstruation, nettle can be used in PMS

(premenstrual syndrome) help because the mineral-containing plant

has a flushing and detoxifying effect and thus supports the breakdown of edema and water retention. With general anemia, the iron naturally occurring in the nettle can

Compensate for iron deficiency in a natural and gentle way.

Origin: The nettle occurs in almost all temperate latitudes.

Ingredients: leaves: minerals (up to 5% silicic acid), amines (including histamine, acetylcholine, serotonin), flavonol glycosides, phenol carboxylic acids (chlorogenic acid, caffeic acid, caffeoylic malic acid), scopoletin, ß-sitosterol, tannins root: polysaccharides, lectin (UDA) Lignans, coumarins, sterols (including ß-sitosterol, 7a and 7ß-hydroxysitosterol and their glycosides)

Evidence of studies: There are numerous indications from a long

Application tradition in folk medicine and medical

Experience medicine that can be effective.

1.11 Bishop's herb (amni visnaga) Gynecological area of application: menstrual cramps

Effect: Khellin and Visnagin and their synthetic derivatives have

antispasmodic effects.

Origin: The bishop's herb is widespread in Eurasia and North Africa

Ingredients: Bishop's herb mainly contains fatty oil and proteins that

The main active ingredients are furanochromones (g-pyrones) such as khellin, visnagin and khellol as well as pyranocoumarins such as visnadin and samidin. It also contains flavonoids, camphor oil and essential oil.

Evidence of studies: There are numerous indications from a long

Application tradition in folk medicine and medical

Experience medicine that can be effective.

1.12 Juniper (Juniperus)

Gynecological area of application: menstrual cramps

Effect: The juniper berries have a digestive effect through increased blood flow to the gastrointestinal mucosa. They also work

ejector, blood cleansing, blood circulation, diuretic, germicidal, sweaty and stimulating for almost the entire metabolism. Due to the blood circulation-promoting effect, the berries are also suitable for regulating menstruation.

Origin: Juniper species mainly occur in the northern hemisphere. The juniper grows in the cooler and temperate regions of America, Asia and Europe.

Ingredients: 1. Juniper wood, the dried branch and root wood.

Pharmaceutical: Lignum juniperi. The wood contains about 0.1% of an ethereal Oil, the main ingredient of which is thujopsen. 2. The dried berries: juniper berries or Cadigberries. Scientific: Juniperi fructus or Drupae juniperi, Galbuli juniperi, Pseudofructus iuniperi, Baccae juniperi, Fructus juniperi. The berries contain sugar, tannins, flavonoids and between 0.5 and 2% juniper berry oil. 3. the essential oil of the berries which is obtained by steam distillation. It is called juniper berry oil or just briefly juniper oil. Scientific: Juniperi aetheroleum, Oleum Juniperi, Oleum juniperi baccarum. It contains various monoterpenes such as lime, myrcene, pinene and sabine. There are also a small proportion of sesquiterpenes. The main component is with about 25% pinene. The

The composition of the oil depends on the age of the shrub.

Evidence of studies: There are numerous indications from a long

Application tradition in folk medicine and medical

Experience medicine that can be effective.

1.13 Shepherd's purse (Capsella, Capsella bursa-pastoris)

Gynecological area of application: mild menorrhagia and metrorrhagia

Effect: Internally, it is mainly used against bleeding, for example against excessive menstrual bleeding, stomach bleeding, kidney bleeding. The hemostatic effect is achieved by contracting and sealing the vessels.

Origin: This species occurs throughout Europe and is very common in Central Europe. Today the species is widespread in the temperate climates and also in the tropical montane areas; it originally only occurred in southern Europe and western Asia.

Ingredients: amino acids and proteins (approx. 32%), flavonoids (including kaempferol, luteolin, diosmetin, quercetin, rutin, diosmin), phenol carboxylic acids, potassium and calcium salts, vitamin C and terpenoid compounds. Evidence of studies: In 1986 Commission E published the former

Federal Health Office published a (positive) monograph on Shepherd's purse herb with the indications: mild menorrhages and metrorrhages, nosebleeds and superficial bleeding skin injuries.

1.14 Devil's Claw (Harpagophytum procumbens, Harpagophytum zeyheri)

Gynecological area of application: general menstrual pain

Effect: The slightly analgesic and anti-inflammatory effect is based on the fact that certain ingredients of the devil's claw (iridoid glycosides or their breakdown products) inhibit an enzyme (cyclooxygenase) that plays an important role in inflammation.

Origin: The devil's claw is native to the savannahs of Namibia and South Africa.

Ingredients: Iridoid glycosides: Harpagoside, Harpagid, 8-O-p-Coumaroylharpagid, Procumbid, 6’-0-p-Coumaroylprocumbid and Procumboside

Phenylethanoid glycosides: verbascoid and isoacteoside, carbohydrates: stachyose, raffinose, sucrose, glucose, other ingredients: flavonoids, triterpenes, plant acids, etc. The harpagoside content in the devil's claw root fluctuates between 1, 2% and 4%.

Evidence of studies: The German expert group on the effectiveness and safety of medicinal plants (Commission E) names the following effects: appetite and

digestive, anti-inflammatory, weak analgesic. Even if the medication telegram from 2001 describes the data on the devil's claw as insufficient, clinical studies prove a clear benefit in the treatment of chronic rheumatic diseases and pain in the lumbar spine. 1.15 Coconut oil or coconut oil, also called coconut fat (Oleum cocos)

Gynecological area of application: (fungal) infections, mild inflammation in the vagina.

Effect: On the one hand, the lauric acid contained in large quantities destroys the cell walls of the fungi, so that they ultimately die. On the other hand, lauric acid has a strong antibacterial effect. This means that coconut oil both eliminates fungi and reduces inflammation.

Origin: It is a palm of the warm, humid tropics and only fruits between the 26th degree south or north latitude.

Ingredients: Coconut oil mainly consists of triglycerides, which contain saturated fatty acid residues, which differ from caprylic, lauric, capric, palmitic,

Derive stearic and myristic acid. Furthermore, the triglycerides contain the monounsaturated oleic acid residue as well as traces of as the fatty acid residue

Magnesium, calcium, potassium, sodium, copper, iron, phosphorus, amino acids, vitamin E and lactones.

Evidence of studies: There are numerous indications from a long

Application tradition in folk medicine and medical

Experience medicine that can be effective.

1.16 Sage (salvia miltiorrhiza, Salviae folium, Salviae trilobae folium, salvia officinalis, S. lavandulifolia, S. fruticosa = S. triloba)

Gynecological area of application: menstrual problems, mild

Vaginal infections with bacteria, fungi or viruses.

Effect: In laboratory tests, a clearly antiseptic effect of the sage against bacteria, fungi and viruses was demonstrated. the

alcoholic extract and the oil are certified to be very effective, the tea is significantly less active. The sage oil also reduced the number of dental plaque bacteria. Chewing fresh sage leaves is said to eliminate bad breath. In addition to the antibiotic effect, sage also supports wound healing due to its astringent properties.

Origin: Sage is mainly harvested from commercial cultivation in Eastern Europe, Asia, the USA and South Africa. Along the entire Adriatic coast and in

Areas far from the coast with a Mediterranean influence are still collected wildly to this day.

Ingredients: The essential oil of real sage (syn. Dalmatian sage) contains a-thujone (main active ingredient), ß-thujone (with a-thujone 40-60%), camphor, 1, 8-cineole (12 to 15%) and other monoterpenes, phenol carboxylic acids (6%), such as rosemic acid (labiate tannin), flavonoids, diterpenes such as carnosol (= picrosalvin, bitter value 14,000) and rosmanol, triterpenes (oleanolic acid,

Ursolic acid and derivatives). The composition of the ingredients in the other two types of sage mentioned is as follows: Spanish sage (Salvia

lavandulifolia) is thujone-free; contains 30-35% cineol and 30% camphor;

Greek sage (Salvia fruticosa = triloba) contains 5% thujone and 60-70% cineol.

Evidence of studies: There are numerous indications from a long

Application tradition in folk medicine and medical

Experience medicine that can be effective. In the

Experience medicine uses sage extracts for sysmenorrhea and amenorrhea (Imanshahidi and Hosseinzadeh 2006) without the relevant data published in Medline for the application being available.

1.17 Cranberry (Vaccinium macrocarpon)

Gynecological application: menstrual pain, mild vaginal and urinary tract infections Effect: Cranberry fruits combine several positive health effects

Characteristics. In addition to a wealth of minerals and vitamins, they have by far the most antioxidants among fruits. A specialty of cranberries are their antibacterial effects. However, they are obviously not based on an antibiotic effect, but on a "riot protection":

Pathogens are characterized by their stickiness. They adhere to all surfaces such as the oral mucosa, the bladder and intestinal wall. They often form films and deposits with other bacteria. The ingredients of the cranberry intervene here and promote the washing out of the germs with secretions such as saliva and urine.

Flerkunft: The natural fleimat of the American cranberry lies in

Flochmooren in eastern North America. The growing area is much larger: three quarters of the world's harvest is produced in North America.

Ingredients: organic acids (30%), including quinic acid, malic, citric and hippuric acids polyphenols: catechins, hydroxycinnamic and other phenolic acids, flavonoids (tannins, anthocyanins and proanthocyanidins),

Triterpenes, vitamins: vitamin C, vitamins B1, B2, B3 and beta-carotene (vitamin A), minerals: especially potassium, calcium, magnesium and phosphate.

Evidence of studies: Studies on the berry generally suggest that the juice or tablets with concentrated extracts are effective against urinary tract infections. There are also numerous indications from a long tradition of application in folk medicine and in medical experience, which are also effective in relieving period pain.

1.18 Fennel (Foeniculum vulgare)

Gynecological area of application: menstrual pain

Effect: Affect the fat-soluble phenylpropane and terpenes

Cell membranes. In higher concentrations, membranes become increasingly permeable, which damages bacteria. The substances inhibit calcium channels on human cell surfaces. This relieves tension in the smooth muscles.

There is also evidence of a pain-relieving and anti-inflammatory effect of the oil and an alcoholic extract of the fennel seeds.

Origin: The home of vegetable fennel lies in the Mediterranean region and

Middle East to Persia.

Ingredients: fennel oil: phenylpropane, predominantly trans-anethole (35-82% of the oil), cis-anethole, estragole (2-58% of the oil, depending on the variety), monoterpenes and sesquiterpenes: herb oil: a-Phellandren, a-pinene, a-terpinene, limonene, fruit oil: fenchone, a-pinene, camphene, myrcene, a- / ß-phellandrene, a-terpinene, limonene, terpinoiae, p-cymene; The composition of the essential oil is different because it is dependent on several conditions (variety / cultivation / harvest / growing region). Fennel fruits: Flavonoids: fighter oil and querceting glycosides; Flavonol-3-O-glycosides and -3-O-glucuronides, essential oils: coumarins (also as furano- and pyranocoumarins), aliphatic / aromatic carboxylic acids: hydroxybenzoic, benzoic and cinnamic acid derivatives; Ferula, fumaric, coffee and vanillic acid, sterols: stigmasterol and stigmasterol palmitate, mineral salts, silicic acid and vitamins (vitamins A, B and C), storage substances: fatty oils and protein, sugar and oligosaccharides

Evidence of studies: There are numerous indications from a long

Application tradition in folk medicine and medical

Experience medicine that can be effective.

1.19 Frauenwurz (Tanacetum balsamita, Chrysanthemum balsamita, Pyrethrum balsamita, Balsamita vulgaris)

Gynecological area of application: menstruation-promoting, analgesic Origin: This type of plant originally comes from the Caucasus, but has been naturalized as an archeophyte in southern Europe and is now also found in the German-speaking world.

Ingredients: essential oils, borneol, pinene, camphor, camphene, thujone, tannic acid.

Evidence of studies: There are numerous indications from a long

Application tradition in folk medicine and medical

Experience medicine that can be effective.

1.20 Verbena officinalis

Gynecological area of application: menstrual,

Regulating menstrual cycle, menopausal symptoms.

Effect: astringent, stimulating, antibacterial, blood cleansing,

anti-inflammatory, antispasmodic, analgesic

Origin: Verbena is native to the Mediterranean region, but it has long since reached Central Europe and grows there as a wild plant.

Ingredients: essential oil, glycosides, verbenalin, verbenin, an alkaloid, aucubin, bitter substances, alpha-sitosterol, tannin, tannic acid, silicic acid

Evidence of studies: There are numerous indications from a long

Application tradition in folk medicine and medical

Experience medicine that can be effective.

1.21 Wormwood (Artemisia absinthium L, A. abrotanum)

Gynecological field of application: menstrual, blood cleansing Effect: The effectiveness for appetite stimulation, for digestive tract complaints such as gastritis or flatulence, for stimulating liver function and for convulsive disorders of the intestine and

Gallenwegbereichs. The digestive effect is attributed to the bitter substances it contains. In homeopathy, wormwood is also used against arousal and convulsions.

Origin: Wormwood naturally occurs in temperate Eurasia and North Africa.

Ingredients: wormwood contains 0.15 to 0.4% of a high concentration of bitter substances from the group of sesquiterpene lactones, including absinthin with 0.2 to 0.28% as the main component. In addition come Artabsin, Matricin,

Anabsinthine and other substances. Essential oils make up 0.2 to 0.8% and contain (-) - thujone, (+) - isothujone, thujyl alcohol and its esters, chamazulen and other mono- and sesquiterpenes. Various flavonoids have also been detected; Smaller amounts of polyacetylenes are suspected.

Evidence of studies: There are numerous indications from a long

Application tradition in folk medicine and medical

Experience medicine that can be effective.

1.22 Chinese angelica (Angelica sinensis)

Gynecological area of application: menstrual cramps, weak and irregular mensturation, antispasmodic

Effect: It is certain that the plant promotes the flow of digestive juices. She probably also has an antispasmodic and

bile flow-promoting effect. Angelica is therefore used for poor appetite, stomach cramps and flatulence. Origin: The Chinese angelica thrives wild or cultivated in forests and in the bushes at altitudes of 2500 to 3000 meters in the Chinese provinces of Sichuan, Gansu, Hubei, Shanxi and Yunnan.

Ingredients: Important ingredients: Furanocoumarins: xanthotoxin, imperator, angelicin, archangelin; Coumarins: Umbelliferon, Osthol, Osthenol and others; essential oil (roots and fruits): a-phellandrene, ß-phellandrene, a-pinene;

Osthol is the main ingredient in roots, imperator the most important ingredient in fruits.

Proof of studies: Under the name "Eumenol", the Darmstadt company E. Merck marketed a drug extract from the roots of the from 1899 to 1962

Chinese angelica as a "non-toxic emmenagogue". The indications for “Eumenol” were: too rare menstrual bleeding, too weak menstrual bleeding, no menstrual bleeding and

Menstrual cramps. From 1899 to 1910, four clinical case studies were published, in which on the effect of giving 5 ml of a fluid extract of the root of Angelica sinensis (Eumenol) three times a day

Menstrual disorders has been reported. Gastrointestinal complaints, mild cramps, feeling of fullness, flatulence: there are clear clinical studies available for these areas of application in order to assume effectiveness. The effectiveness was assessed by at least one of the relevant evaluation committees

(Commission E / ESCOP / HMPC / WHO) binding.

1.23 Lavender (Lavandula angustifolia, Syn.Lavandula officinalis, Lavandula vera)

Gynecological area of application: menstrual cramps,

premenstrual syndrome

Effect: In addition to its calming and antispasmodic effect, lavender also has an antimicrobial and blood circulation-enhancing property sbiiThe essential oil - especially linalool - works against some bacteria and fungi.

An anti-inflammatory effect in lavender oil is also suspected. So it can diluted oil can be used on the surface as a mild antiseptic for minor injuries for wound care. s _Ep jThe circulation-stimulating and slightly irritating effect is used for muscle pain. In folk medicine comes

Lavender oil also for relieving tension and relieving

rheumatic complaints. Become traditional

Menstrual cramps and diseases of women treated with lavender oil. In aromatherapy, lavender oil is evaporated for headaches, migraines and tension. It can also be massaged into the forehead and neck area. In fact, animal testing has shown a slight anesthetic effect.

Origin: The home region of lavender is originally the coastal regions of the Mediterranean.

Ingredients: It is composed of linalyl acetate, linalool, camphor and cineol. Its ingredients are 40 to 50% esters, 25 to 35% monoterpenoie, monoterpenes, sesquiterpenes, ketones and oxides.

Evidence of studies: There are numerous indications from a long

Application tradition in folk medicine and medical

Experience medicine that can be effective.

1.24 Mugwort (artemisia vulgaris)

Hynecological area of application: antibacterial, for weak and

irregular bleeding (amenorrhea, dysmenorrhea).

Effect: The most important ingredients of mugwort include the so-called.

Sesquiterpene lactones - certain bitter substances - and the essential oil with the main components camphor and thujone. These substances are responsible for the main properties of mugwort: they have an appetizing, digestive, anti-worm, antispasmodic, antibacterial and diuretic effect; they stimulate the uterus, promote blood circulation and bile flow and relax tired feet. Origin: It has been found in Central Europe since the band ceramics. The original spreading of mugwort can no longer be determined today, after it was spread by humans over almost all northern regions of the world.

Ingredients: The most important ingredients in the mugwort herb are

Sesquiterpene lactones, which are responsible for the bitter taste, and up to 0.2% complex essential oil. Mugwort contains the following substance classes / substances: Essential oil: main components are camphor, thujone, 1, 8-cineol and linalool; Sesquiterpene lactones: vulgarine, pilostachyin;

Flavonoids: quercetin, rutin; Hydroxycoumarins: umbelliferone, aesculetin; polyines; triterpenes; carotenoids

Evidence of studies: There are studies and successes in the use of the plant described, but it has not yet received a positive monograph from Commission E. The statements on effectiveness are therefore still in the range of

Experience medicine and until then are considered insufficiently scientifically proven.

1.25 Snowball bark (Cortex viburni)

Gynecological area of application: Diseases of the female

Genital organs and painful menstrual bleeding

Effect: In folk medicine when there is a risk of abortion, false contractions,

painful menstruation and dysfunction of the reproductive system. As an essential component of Viburnum opulus and Viburnum prunifol. The bitter substance viburnin was previously stated, but has not been found by newer researchers. The other more important ingredients, such as Valerian, formic and caprylic acid, tannin and resins are the same in both barks (Viburnum opulus and Viburnum prunifol.), And since the mode of action is similar, the prescription of Viburnum opulus is preferable for Europe ,

Origin: The origin is on the American continent, but is uncertain. Ingredients: The dried bark. Content: a- and ß-amyrin, oleanol and

Ursolic acid cf. Formula, catechin, epicatechin, ethereal oil (approx. 0.3%), viburnin,

Resin with various fatty acids.

Evidence of studies: There are numerous indications from a long

Application tradition in folk medicine and medical

Experience medicine that can be effective.

1.26 Ginger (Zingiber officinale)

Gynecological area of application: menorrhagia,

Effect: relieve pain, anti-inflammatory

Origin: Ginger grows in the tropics and subtropics. It is grown in countries such as Sri Lanka, India, Indonesia, Vietnam, China, Japan, Australia, France and Nigeria as well as in South America. The home of the ginger plant is not known for sure.

Ingredients: The essential components are an essential oil, resin acids and neutral resin as well as gingerol, a hot aromatic substance. The gingerol gives the ginger the sharpness. Ginger rootstock contains 1, 5-3% essential oil with substances such as geranial, neral and zingiberol. The exact composition of the essential oil is influenced, among other things, by the origin and the type of ginger. Other important active ingredients are non-volatile

Spicy substances such as gingeroie and shogaole. The even sharper shogaols are formed when the drug is stored by splitting off water from the gingeroia. Zingiberol is primarily responsible for the characteristic smell of ginger.

Study evidence: Commission E and the European Scientific Cooperative on Phytotherapy (ESCOP) support the use of ginger roots for gastrointestinal complaints and against nausea. 1.27 Rosemary (Rosmarinus officinalis)

Gynecological area of application: amenorrhea, dysmenorrhea,

Vaginal inflammation caused by Candida albicans

Effect: antispasmodic, relaxing, promotes bleeding

Origin: Rosemary is native to the Mediterranean scrub.

Ingredients: The essential oil components 1, 8-cineol (16 to 55%) and camphor (5 to 15%) are mainly responsible for the effect of rosemary oil.

Evidence of studies: There are numerous indications from a long

Application tradition in folk medicine and medical

Experience medicine that can be effective.

1.28 Fennel (Foeniculum vulgare)

Gynecological area of application: dysmenorrhea, menopausal symptoms

Effect: Antibacterial, relaxing, antispasmodic, menstruation-promoting, expectorant, ionizing

Origin: The fennel originally comes from the Mediterranean

Ingredients: essential oil, anethole, fenchone, salicylate, thymol and the estrogen-like substance estragole.

Evidence of studies: There are numerous indications from a long

Application tradition in folk medicine and medical

Experience medicine that can be effective.

1.29 Horsetail (Equisetum arvense) Gynecological area of application: amenorrhea

Effect: It prompts bleeding if the rule is too weak. But fertility is also stimulated because the horsetail herb helps to reject the endometrium more quickly. The magnesium it contains also helps

Menstrual cramps.

Origin: It is native to the entire northern hemisphere. He likes to colonize fields, but also loamy, damp meadow edges, ditches and embankments. It is a very old plant in terms of development.

Ingredients: Minerals: silicon (silica), potassium, magnesium, calcium, manganese; Saponins: equisetonin, flavonoids: luteolin, isoquercitrin, kaempferol, alkaloids: palustrin, tannins

Evidence of studies: There are numerous indications from a long

Application tradition in folk medicine and medical

Experience medicine that can be effective.

1.30 hops (humulus);

Gynecological area of application: menopausal symptoms

Effect: Hops are one of the hormonating herbs that can help balance hormones. Hops contain phytohormones, which can help with menopausal symptoms because they can compensate for the estrogen deficiency caused by the change. Hops are one of the most effective herbs for menopausal symptoms

Origin: The original home of wild hops is likely to be moist mountain valleys in Asia. Ingredients: bitter substances: 18%, hop oil: 0.5%, tannins: 3, 5%, protein: 20%, minerals: 8%

Study evidence: ESCOP, Commission E: for restlessness, anxiety and sleep disorders

2. Homeopathic active ingredients

Examples of homeopathic active ingredients are: Cimifuga, Pulsatilla, Colocynthis, Chamomilla, Agnus castus, Belladonna, magnesium phoshoricum, Calcium phosporicum. The list is not exhaustive.

With dysmenorrhea and PMS depending on the symptoms, for example

Chamomilla, Magnesium phosphoricum, Pulsatilla and Cimicifuga (mostly used as D6). Agnus castus D1 to D4 also play an important role in PMS.

The largest study on homeopathy in health services research to date is a prospective observational study over 8 years with 3981 patients. This study was carried out at the Charite University Clinic in Berlin in surgeries by over 100 doctors working in classic homeopathy. The effectiveness of

Homeopathic medicinal products, especially in the treatment of period pain, have thus been proven.

3. Minerals and vitamins

Examples of minerals and vitamins are: magnesium, calcium, potassium, ferrum, zinc, vitamins of the B complex, vitamin E, also in combination with Borago Officinalis oil

Efficacy: For calcium there are convincing data that daily

Ingestion of 1200 mg of normal complaints favorably influenced. In several studies, the effect of calcium on the

Symptoms in PMS are confirmed. As early as 1989, a smaller placebo-controlled study of 32 women found that calcium had a positive effect on PMS symptoms. After calcium administration (1000 mg daily) for three months, 73 percent of the treated women reported a decrease in symptoms. Around 10 years later, the same research group carried out a large, double-blind, placebo-controlled study with 497 patients. The women were treated with 1200 mg calcium daily for three menstrual cycles. Result: The symptoms during the second and third cycle improved significantly compared to taking the placebo. At the end of the study, a 48 percent decrease in complaints (measured using a symptom score) could be documented compared to the initial value. These results were largely confirmed in another placebo-controlled double-blind study. Young students with pronounced symptoms of premenstrual syndrome received 500 mg of calcium or placebo twice a day for three months. The results showed an improvement in general fatigue and a decrease in depressive symptoms. To summarize the results of the study so far, an attempt to treat premenstrual syndrome with calcium seems justified. Especially women with an insufficient calcium intake through the diet and typical

Symptoms of PMS could benefit from calcium supplementation (> 1000 mg / day). Vitamins of the B complex, especially pyridoxine (vitamin B6), also seem to have a positive effect on the symptoms. This is explained by the fact that vitamin B6 is an important cofactor in the

Serotonin synthesis acts. Other authors also suspect that pyridoxine has a positive effect on the progestogen-estrogen ratio by accelerated hepatic estrogen breakdown. Vitamin E (400 IU / day) is said to influence prostaglandin synthesis and modulate the central one

Soothing neurotransmitter synthesis.

There is also evidence of efficacy for magnesium (200 to 400 mg / d). Magnesium seems to be able to alleviate or eliminate period pains. One is being discussed Inhibition of prostaglandin activity and stimulation of the

Prostacyclin production with subsequent vasodilation. There is evidence for vitamin B1 (100 mg / d) that it is effective against pain in primary and secondary dysmenorrhea.

The effectiveness of magnesium alone in the treatment of PMS symptoms has been confirmed in various studies. However, it seems that the combination of magnesium and vitamin B6 can achieve even better results. In a placebo-controlled study, women with PMS symptoms received either 250 mg magnesium, a combination of 250 mg magnesium plus 40 mg vitamin B6 or placebo tablets over a period of 2 months. The results, according to the authors, show that the combination of magnesium and vitamin B6 was more effective than placebo and magnesium in reducing PMS symptoms. A previous investigation had reached similar results. Here, too, it was shown that both magnesium and the combination with vitamin B6 can alleviate the PMS symptoms.

It was also found that women with a low calcium level have an increased tendency to PMS. Additional calcium intake can therefore not only alleviate the symptoms of premenstrual syndrome, but also lead to their complete absence over a longer period of time.

Vitamin E together with Borago Officinalis oil can also be used to treat premenstrual syndrome, because in combination with unsaturated fatty acids such as gamma-linolenic acid, it has symptoms in it

Can significantly soften expression.

It has been proven that PMS complaints can be reduced by up to two thirds by taking vitamin E and Borago Officinalis oil. With simultaneous intake of vitamin E and the special fatty acids of the Borago Officinalis, the body becomes less sensitive to that Fluctuations in prolactin, which is believed to be a large part of the

Of premenstrual syndrome.

Above all, the fact that the otherwise frequently administered hormones and antidepressants are usually associated with strong side effects makes taking Borago Officinalis and B vitamins a good alternative in PMS therapy.

American researchers also report in the American Journal of Epidemiology that a diet high in non-heme iron, i.e. iron, is made

predominantly vegetable sources, the risk of developing PMS significantly reduced. This resulted in a data analysis of 3,000 women from a ten-year period. The occurrence of PMS and the mineral intake of the study participants were examined. In addition to iron, zinc was also shown to be an effective means of preventing PMS. A high

Potassium intake, on the other hand, increased the symptoms. Although more research is needed, the scientists still advise women affected by the recommended amount of iron of 15 to 18 milligrams a day

take. In the study, women with the highest non-heme iron intake had a 30 to 40 percent lower risk of developing premenstrual complaints. Since too much iron can also harm the body, women should not consume more than 45 milligrams of iron without medical advice.

C. Efficacy Results

The following studies on the effectiveness of the tampons have been carried out.

1. lady's mantle

A first study group (study group I) was treated with a tampon containing 0.33 g of lady's mantle. The treatment was carried out with 6 tampons per 24 hours. The number of participants was 18. A survey found that there was no improvement in menstrual pain in one woman, partial improvement in 11 women, and complete improvement in 5 women.

The result of the study shows that the tampon according to the invention, using lady's mantle herb, has surprising activity against

Shows menstrual cramps.

2. Floeopathic substances

A second study group (study group II) was treated with a tampon containing Chamomilla (D6), Cimicifuga (D6) and Agnus castus (D4). The treatment was carried out with 6 tampons per 24 hours. The number of participants was 25.

A survey found that in six women there was no improvement in

Menstrual pain occurred, partial improvement in 18 women and complete improvement in one woman.

The result of the study shows that the tampon according to the invention, using homeopathic substances, shows surprising effectiveness against menstrual cramps.

3. Vitamins

A third study group (study group III) was treated with a tampon containing vitamin B complex (2 mg) and vitamin E (30 IU). The treatment was carried out with 6 tampons each 24 hours. The number of participants was 16.

The vitamin B complex comprised the following ingredients: 0.45 mg folic acid; 0.15 mg biotin; 0.01 mg cyanocobalamin (vitamin B12); 15 mg niacin equivalent; 15 mg riboflavin (vitamin B2); 10 mg pyridoxine hydrochloride (vitamin B6); 15 mg thiamine nitrate (vitamin B1). The vitamin E (Ratiopharm) had the following composition: 268 mg RRR-a-tocopherol equivalents (as all-rac-a-tocopherol acetate).

The above Dose of vitamin B complex or vitamin E was divided into 6 tampons (duration of use 24 hours).

A survey found that in four women there was no improvement in

Menstrual pain occurred, in 10 women there was a partial improvement and in 2 women there was a complete improvement.

The result of the study shows that the tampon according to the invention, using vitamins, has surprising activity against

Shows menstrual cramps.

4. Minerals

A fourth study group (study group IV) was treated with a tampon containing 3 mg of magnesium salts. The treatment was carried out with 6 tampons per 24 hours. The number of participants was 18.

A survey found that in four women there was no improvement in

Menstrual pain occurred, in 16 women there was a partial improvement and in 2 women there was a complete improvement.

The result of the study shows that the tampon according to the invention shows surprising effectiveness when using minerals or mineral salts.

Claims

claims

1. Tampon, comprising at least one active ingredient for preventing or alleviating dysmenorrhea.

2. Tampon according to claim 1, wherein the active ingredient is a drug.

3. A tampon according to claim 2, wherein the drug is selected from the

Group of drugs, including chaste tree (Vitex agnus-castus), St. John's wort (Hypericum perforatum), sheep feeding (Achillea millefolium), lady's mantle (Alchemilla diversa), lemon balm (Melissa officinalis),

Goosefingers (Argentina anserina), chamomile flowers (Matricaria chamomilla L.), black cohosh (Actaea racemosa), evening primrose oil (Oenothera biennis), nettle (Urtica), juniper (Juniperus),

Bishop's herb (amni visnaga), shepherd's purse (Capsella bursa-pastoris), devil's claw (Harpagophytum procumbens), coconut oil (Oleum cocos),

Sage (Salviae folium), large-fruity cranberry (Vaccinium

macrocarpon), fennel (Foeniculum vulgare), female root

(Chrysanthemum balsamita), Verbena (Verbena officinalis), Wormwood (Artemisia absinthiumL.), Chinese angelica (Angelica sinensis), Lavender (Lavandula vera), Mugwort (artemisia vulgaris),

Snowball bark (Codex viburni), ginger (Zingiber officinale),

Rosemary (Rosmarinus officinalis), fennel (Foeniculum vulgare), horsetail (Equisetum arvense), hops (Humulus).

4. Tampon according to one of the preceding claims, wherein the active ingredient is a homeopathic active ingredient

5. Tampon according to claim 4, wherein the homeopathic active ingredient

is selected from the group of homeopathic active ingredients consisting of Cimifuga, Pulsatilla, Colocynthis, Chamomilla, Agnus castus, Belladonna, magnesium phoshoricum, Calcium phosporicum.

6. Tampon according to one of the preceding claims, wherein the active ingredient is a mineral salt or a vitamin.

7. A tampon according to claim 5, wherein the mineral salt is selected from magnesium (II) salt, calcium (II) salt, potassium (I) salt, iron (II) salt, iron (III) salt, zinc ( II) salt.

8. Tampon according to claim 5, wherein the vitamin is selected from vitamins of the B complex and vitamin E.

9. Tampon according to one of the preceding claims, comprising at least a first and a second active ingredient, the first active ingredient being a drug and the second active ingredient being a mineral salt or a vitamin.

10. Tampon according to one of the preceding claims, additionally containing Borago Officinalis oil.

11. Tampon according to one of the preceding claims, additionally containing a magnesium (II) salt.

12. Tampon according to one of the preceding claims, comprising 0.3 to 1.0 g of drug, preferably 0.3 to 0.5 g of drug.

13. Tampon according to one of the preceding claims, comprising 0.05 to 0.5 g of magnesium (II) salt, preferably 0.1 to 0.3 g of magnesium (II) salt and in particular approximately 0.2 g of magnesium ( II) salt.

14. Tampon according to one of the preceding claims, wherein the

Magnesium (II) salt is a mixture of 1 part by weight of magnesium (II) citrate and 1 part by weight of magnesium (II) oxide.

15. Tampon according to one of the preceding claims for the prevention or relief of dysmenorrhea in women.