Classifications

• • E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
  • E02—HYDRAULIC ENGINEERING; FOUNDATIONS; SOIL SHIFTING
  • E02B—HYDRAULIC ENGINEERING
  • E02B3/00—Engineering works in connection with control or use of streams, rivers, coasts, or other marine sites; Sealings or joints for engineering works in general
  • E02B3/04—Structures or apparatus for, or methods of, protecting banks, coasts, or harbours
  • E02B3/06—Moles; Piers; Quays; Quay walls; Groynes; Breakwaters ; Wave dissipating walls; Quay equipment

Definitions

• the current utility model involves the field of natural disaster prevention and control and specifically includes a fending groyne for protecting important riverside facilities or areas.
• the current application is made based on Chinese Utility Model Patent – Application Number CN 201821291761.7 (Date of Filing: August 13, 2018). The contents of this application are presented in this article for reference.
• the fending groyne can reduce losses caused by typhoons, tsunamis and other disasters in coastal areas, or losses caused by floods in riverside areas.
• Conventional fending groynes usually made of earth and rock, require a large amount of work with limited height, unacceptable consumption of manpower and material resources, and have significant negative impacts on shipping, lighting, landscapes, air quality and other considerations during construction.
• Existing groynes are insufficient in blocking high-intensity typhoons, tsunamis and floods featuring exceptional water levels.
• the inventor has applied for a Chinese invention patent with Application Number CN 201810355752.8 (Date of Filing: April 19, 2018) through a patent agency.
• the fending groyne provided by this invention patent uses multi-stage folding baffles, which can be unfolded quickly enough in the event of floods or like emergent scenarios, and can divert floods without permitting debris pile-up; Moreover, it can block floods via tiered blocking method, reduce the flood height step-by-step, effectively blocking them; meanwhile, it can enhance flood diversionary effects through bilateral drainage as conditions permit.
• the inventor applies for a Chinese invention patent with the application number of CN 201810355752.8 through a patent agency, and for a Chinese utility model patent with the application number of CN 201821291761.7 to solve the defects and deficiencies in the application number of CN 201810355752.8, which is not for personal wealth, but for taking preventive measures, using patent application as a way to provide a set of solutions about the relevant hidden dangers, in order to protect important facilities or areas along rivers and local residents.
• the groyne provided by the current utility model is used for protecting important riverside facilities or areas, and solving defects and deficiencies in Chinese invention patent (Application No.: CN 201810355752.8).
• the technical solution of the current utility model is to provide a fending groyne for protecting important riverside facilities or areas.
• the fending groyne is comprised of a pillar assembly, a connecting beam, a reinforcement bar, a baffle, a power device, a base and a deck;
• the pillar assembly mentioned includes several convex pillars, square pillars and conical pillars; there is a protrusion at the front end of convex pillars , and a set of baffles is hoisted between the two protrusions; each baffle is made up of several folding plates hinged by the hinge assembly;
• the power device is located where every two folding plates are connected; when the bilateral drainage method is adopted, the conical pillar is located at the center of the fending groyne; there are concession grooves provided on the two conical surfaces of the conical pillar, while baffles are included in the concession grooves extending towards both sides.
• baffles extending towards both sides connect the protrusions of the adjacent convex pillars and form an inverted V-shaped pillar assembly together with the baffles hoisted between the protrusions of every two convex pillars and the protrusions of the multiple convex pillars.
• the hinge assembly includes a pivot as well as gears mounted on the pivot;
• the power device includes an electric motor as well as gears installed at the output end of the motor. Additionally, the gear at the output end of the motor mentioned engages with the gear on the pivot of the hinge assembly, while the power device drives the pivot of the hinge assembly in rotation, thereby folding or unfolding the baffle.
• the base is a circular disk structure arranged underwater;
• the pillar holes arranged on the base include convex pillar hole, square pillar hole and conical pillar hole; the above-mentioned convex pillar, square pillar and conical pillar are installed in the corresponding pillar holes respectively;
• several convex blocks are arranged under the base for affixing to the base.
• the connecting beam is arranged between the front and rear corresponding pillars.
• Each group of convex pillars and square pillars is arranged opposite to each other on both sides of the deck, conversely each group of conical pillars and square pillars arranged opposite to each other on both sides of the deck, has their upper part fixed by connecting beams; the protrusions at the front end of the above-mentioned convex pillars directly face the direction of incoming waves, and the connecting beams of convex pillars connect the entire front of the corresponding square pillars; if the conical pillars are set, then the front of the conical pillars face the direction of the water flow, and the connecting beam of conical pillars connects the entire front of the corresponding square pillars.
• the direction of the fending groyne against waves is usually related to river currents, so current is an important basis for planning the fending groyne’s direction.
• the reinforcement bars provided at the rear of the convex pillars, square pillars and conical pillars respectively, and the reinforcement bars are a trapezoid structure; the above-mentioned reinforcement bars are provided at the rear of the convex pillars and conical pillars are located under the deck; the reinforcement bars arranged at the rear of the square pillars are located at the furthest rear of the square pillars.
• fender courses provided at the outside or in the middle of the baffle and at the outside of the -mentioned convex pillars, square pillars and conical pillars.
• the fending groyne has several layers of decks; the height of the deck is designed according to the height of the road connected; if the fending groyne is designed to be single-decked, the preferred scheme is a cable-stayed bridge; If the fending groyne is designed to be double-decked, the preferred scheme has the upper deck designed for trackless vehicles and pedestrians, adopting the cable-stayed bridge scheme; the lower deck is designed for rail vehicles.
• the above-mentioned reinforcement bars, provided at the rear of the convex pillars and conical pillars, located under the deck mentioned, are concurrently served by bridge piers. The bridge pier extends to the front of the conical pillars corresponding to the convex pillars and square pillars.
• the protection methods of the fending groyne include the tiered blocking method and bilateral drainage method.
• the contents of the hierarchical blocking method include: N-level fending groynes are set up successively along a river current according to the flooding heights (H) predicted through intelligent algorithms – namely, from the first-level fending groyne to the N-level fending groyne, where N is a positive integer equal to or greater than 1.
• Intelligent algorithms include computer calculations based on meteorological conditions collected by satellites; it can also be used for prediction of human experience and field survey, including identifying the height of the previous flooding and water levels of an upstream dam.
• the flood flowing towards each level of the fending groyne is blocked by controlling the height of the fending groyne baffle immersed in the sea wave.
• the height of the flood flowing towards the next level of the fending groyne will be (1-nh2/H)% of the height of the flood flowing into the first-level fending groyne.
• Tiered flood blocking is realized where n is the number of the fending groyne levels and h2 is the height of the baffle immersed in the floodwater.
• This method can effectively reduce the height of the flood flowing downstream and protect lives, facilities or properties in riverside areas.
• a specific distance between each two levels of fending groynes is specified in the tiered blocking method to ensure that if the upstream fending groyne is damaged, its resulting debris will have enough time to sink to the bottom and not lead to damaging the downstream fending groyne.
• the distance between two adjacent fending groynes is S (S is greater than the sum of S1 plus the product of v multiplied by the square root of the quotient obtained from 2h1 divided by g), where h1 is the height of the fending groyne, g is local gravity acceleration, v is the estimated average flow velocity of the flood, and S1 is the displacement distance of its debris under the buoyancy of the concerned waters if the fending groyne is destroyed by the flood.
• the conical pillars divert the flood to both sides of the fending groyne. It can enhance the effect of flood diversion by means of bilateral drainage as conditions permit.
• the combination of tiered blocking and bilateral drainage methods can effectively block and divert the flood.
• the contents of bilateral drainage method include: When the bilateral drainage method is adopted, a conical pillar is located at the center of the fending groyne; the concession grooves are arranged on the conical surface of the conical pillar; the baffle extending towards both sides is hoisted in the concession grooves; the baffle extending towards both sides connects the protrusions of adjacent convex pillars, and forms an inverted V-shaped pillar assembly together with the baffles hoisted between the protrusions of every two convex pillars and the protrusions of the multiple convex pillars.
• the restricted area can be delimited on both sides of the fending groyne to reduce the losses caused by floods and other attacks along the river.
• the restricted area can be zoned as a sand field, grassland, forested area or other area restricted to absolute minimal human presence.
• the restricted area can realize the function of floodwater drainage.
• the fending groyne is not perpendicular to the direction of the fending groyne against flood waves.
• the flood diverting into the restricted area on the concerned riverbank is less so the restricted area on the concerned riverbank is less; on other side of the riverbank, the flood diverting into the restricted area on the concerned riverbank is more so the restricted area on the concerned riverbank is more.
• the direction of the fending groyne should be planned according to the actual situation along the river.
• the direction of the fending groyne against waves is usually related to the river course, so the river course is an important basis for planning the direction of fending groyne.
• baffles of the new type fending groyne provided by the current utility model adopt the design of folding plates folded against each other. These can be folded in the absence of flooding and have little negative impact on shipping, light, landscape and air quality. Folding plates of like style are used and can be manufactured in batches for easy replacement.
• baffles of the fending groyne provided by the current utility model are adjustable at the upper and lower positions. They are firm, reliable, easy to install and control, and are suitable for blocking all kinds of floods not exceeding predicted flood heights.
• baffles are hoisted between every two protrusions of the fending groyne provided by the current utility model and each baffle is segmented. Therefore, the maximum length of a baffle can be adjusted to reduce difficulty during installation.
• Each convex pillar and conical pillar is supported by independent winches and pulley-cables.
• the winch is connected to the top of the folding plate (11) at the topmost layer of the baffle via the pulley-cable. Therefore, even in the event of damage to, or loss of control of the pillar, winch, pulley-cable or baffle, the remaining parts of the fending groyne will still function normally.
• Grooves are arranged at the upper end of the front of the convex pillar and conical pillar to reduce wear to the pulley-cable.
• Connecting beams are designed to cope with flooding equal to or higher than predicted heights. Connecting beams are provided between the front and rear corresponding pillars to enhance the support force and stability of the fending groyne; the arrangement of the connecting beams has less negative impact on shipping, lighting, landscape and air quality compared to the connecting beams at the lower part of the pillar assembly.
• the pressure is mainly concentrated on the rear of the baffle, and the front protrusions of the convex pillars face directly toward the direction of the flooding, rather than perpendicular to the baffle.
• the connecting beam of convex pillars and conical pillars connects the entire front of the corresponding square pillars. It becomes whole with the corresponding square pillar, further strengthening the support force and stability of the fending groyne.
• the baffle can block floods, so the connection beams placed behind the baffle will not hinder flood diversion or be broken by direct impact, therefore avoiding damage to the fending groyne positioned behind from the debris of the connecting beams.
• each group of convex pillars and square pillars arranged opposite to each other on both sides of the deck, or each group of conical pillars and square pillars arranged opposite to each other on both sides of the deck, their bottom is fixed by a base.
• the base and connecting beam combine into a whole fending groyne.
• the base is set under water to reduce negative effects to transportation.
• the base assembly structure allows components to be fabricated on land and then transported to a predetermined location for assembly, maximizing convenience.
• the base is a circular disk structure, and several convex blocks for fixing the base are arranged under the base, enhancing support force and stability of the fending groyne, reducing the probability of the pillar inclination or breakage, and reducing damage to the fending groyne caused by seismic activity.
• reinforcement bars respectively provided at the rear of the convex, square and conical pillars of the current utility model.
• the reinforcement bars are a trapezoid structure and used to enhance the support force and stability of the fending groyne whilst reducing the probability of breakage on parts connecting pillars to the base under duress.
• fenders provided at the outside or in the middle of the baffle of the fending groyne provided in the current utility model and at the outside of the convex pillars, square pillars and conical pillars. In the event of flooding, the fender is used to reduce the damage caused by the impact of uncontrolled floating objects, such as ships.
• the fending groynes provided by the utility model also serve as bridges, increasing their use outside of inclement conditions.
• the fending groyne provided by the utility model has the function of diverting floods. Moreover, it can block floods by means of the tiered blocking method, reduce the height of floods via the step-by-step process and effectively block them.
• a specific distance between each two levels of fending groynes provided by the utility model is specified in the tiered blocking method. This ensures that if an upstream fending groyne is damaged, its debris will have enough time to sink to the bottom of the water, preventing damage to downstream fending groynes.
• the conical pillars of the fending groyne provided by the utility model divert the flood to both sides of the fending groyne.
• This design can enhance the effect of flood diversion via bilateral drainage as conditions permit.
• the combination of hierarchical blocking and bilateral drainage methods can effectively block and divert the flood.
• the restricted area on both sides of the fending groyne provided by the utility model can reduce losses caused by flooding along the river.
• Drawing 1 shows a side view of the fending groyne provided in this utility model.
• Drawing 2 shows a side view of the fending groyne provided in this utility model.
• Drawing 3 shows a side view of the power device, folding plate, winch, hinge assembly and pulley-cable for the fending groyne provided in this utility model.
• Drawing 4 shows a schematic diagram for grooves in the fending groyne provided in this utility model.
• Drawing 5 shows a front view of the fending groyne provided in this utility model.
• Drawing 6 shows a side view of the fending groyne provided in this utility model.
• Drawing 7 shows a top view for each group of convex pillar and square pillar bases set opposite to each other on both sides of the deck, arranged on the fending groyne provided in this utility model.
• Drawing 8 shows a top view for each group of conical pillar and square pillar bases set opposite to each other on both sides of the deck, arranged on the fending groyne provided in this utility model.
• Drawing 9 shows a schematic diagram (overhead view) illustrating the principle of flood diversion used in the fending groyne provided in the current utility model.
• Drawing 10 shows a schematic diagram (overhead view) illustrating the principle of the bilateral drainage method used in the fending groyne provided in the current utility model.
• Drawing 11 shows a schematic diagram (side view) illustrating the principle of the tiered blocking method used in the fending groyne provided in the current utility model.
• Drawing 12 shows a schematic diagram (overhead view) illustrating the principle of the hierarchical blocking method used in the fending groyne provided in the current utility model.
• the baffle (06) is hinged by several folding plates (11) by means of the hinge assembly (13).
• the hinge assembly (13) includes a pivot as well as gears mounted on the pivot.
• a set of power device (07) is arranged on each folding plate (11).
• the power device (07) is located at the connection between two folding plates (11) and includes an electric motor as well as gears installed at the output end of the motor. Additionally, the gear at the output end of the motor engages with the gear on the pivot of the hinge assembly (13).
• the power device (07) drives the pivot of the hinge assembly (13) to rotate, thereby folding or unfolding the baffle (06).
• the grooves (15) are arranged at the upper end of the front of the convex pillar (01) and conical pillar (03) to reduce the wear of the pulley-cable (14) respectively.
• the connecting beam (04) is arranged between the front and rear corresponding pillars.
• the connecting beam (04) For each group of convex pillars (01) and square pillars (02) arranged opposite to each other on both sides of the deck (09), their upper part is fixed by several connecting beams (04).
• the protrusion (10) at the front of the convex pillars (01) faces the direction of waves, and the connecting beams (04) of the convex pillars (01) connect the entire front of the corresponding square pillars (02).
• the base (08) is the circular disk structure arranged under water.
• Several pillar holes are arranged on each base (08), and convex pillars (01), square pillars (02) and conical pillars (03) are installed in the corresponding pillar holes (16) respectively.
• the reinforcement bars (05) are arranged at the rear of convex pillars (01), square pillars (02) and conical pillars (03) respectively, and the reinforcement bars (05) are a trapezoid structure.
• the reinforcement bars (05) arranged at the rear of convex pillars (01) and conical pillars (03) are located under the deck (09); the reinforcement bars (05) arranged at the rear of square pillars (02) are located at the whole rear of the square pillars (02).
• the fending groyne has several layers of decks (09).
• the height of the deck (09) is designed according to the height of the road connected. If the fending groyne is designed to the single-deck one, the preferred scheme is that the cable-stayed bridge scheme is used for the deck (09).
• the preferred scheme is that the deck at the upper layer is designed for trackless vehicles and pedestrians adopting the cable-stayed bridge scheme; the deck at the lower layer is designed for rail vehicles; the reinforcement bars (05), provided at the rear of the convex pillars (01) and conical pillars (03), located under the deck (09), are concurrently served as bridge piers; the bridge piers are extended to the front of the square pillars (02) corresponding to the convex pillars (01) and conical pillars (03).
• the contents of hierarchical blocking method include: N-level fending groynes successively are set up in a river course according to the height H of the flood predicted based on intelligent algorithms, namely, from the first-level fending groyne (19) to the N-level fending groyne, where N is a positive integer equal to or greater than 1.
• Intelligent algorithms include computer calculation based on the meteorological conditions collected by satellites; it can also be used for prediction of human experience and field survey, including identifying the height of the previous flood and the water level of an upstream dam.
• the flood flowing towards each level of the fending groyne is blocked by controlling the height of the fending groyne baffle (06) immersed in the flood, so that the height of the flood flowing towards the next level of the fending groyne is (1-nh2/H)% of the height of the flood flowing into the first-level fending groyne (19), thus realizing the hierarchical blocking of the flood, where n is the number of the fending groyne levels and h2 is the height of the baffle (06) immersed in the flood.
• This method can effectively reduce the height of the flood flowing downstream and protect important facilities or areas in riverside areas, as well as local residents.
• a specific distance between each two levels of fending groynes is specified, in order to ensure that if the upstream fending groyne is damaged, its debris will have enough time to sink to the bottom of the water, so that the downstream fending groyne cannot be damaged.
• the distance between two adjacent fending groynes is S (S is greater than the sum of S1 plus the product of v multiplied by the square root of the quotient obtained from 2h1 divided by g), where h1 is the height of the fending groyne, g is the local gravity acceleration, v is the estimated average flow velocity of the flood, and S1 is the displacement distance of its debris under the buoyancy of the concerned waters if the fending groyne is destroyed by the flood.
• the contents of bilateral drainage method include: When the bilateral drainage method is adopted, a conical pillar (03) is located at the center of the fending groyne; the concession grooves (18) are arranged on the conical surface of the conical pillar (03); the baffle (06) extending towards both sides is hoisted in the concession grooves (18); the baffle (06) extending towards both sides connects the protrusions (10) of adjacent convex pillars (01), and forms an inverted V-shaped pillar assembly together with the baffles (06) hoisted between the protrusions (10) of every two convex pillars (01) and the protrusions (10) of the multiple convex pillars (01).
• the restricted area (22) can be delimited on both sides of the fending groyne to reduce the losses caused by floods and other attacks along the river.
• the restricted area (22) can be used as a sand field, grassland, forest area and other industries with relatively few or no people.
• the restricted area (22) can realize the function of draining floods.
• the fending groyne is not perpendicular to the direction of the fending groyne against flood waves.
• the angle between the vertical line in the direction of the fending groyne against the waves and the fending groyne (23) is less than 90 degrees, the flood diverting into the restricted area (22) on the concerned riverbank is less so the restricted area (22) on the concerned riverbank is less; on other side of the riverbank, the flood diverting into the restricted area (22) on the concerned riverbank is more so the restricted area (22) on the concerned riverbank is more.
• the fending groyne provided by the current utility model is used for protecting important riverside facilities or areas.
• the front protrusions of the convex pillars face directly the direction of the floods, and in event of floods, it is favorable for the support of the pillar assembly and reduces the probability of the collapse of the fending groyne;
• the reinforcement bars are a trapezoid structure and several connecting beams are used to connect the upper parts of pillar assembly, which enhances the support force and stability of the fending groyne;
• the fending groyne also has the function of bridges, so it can work in normal times and increase the benefit;
• the restricted area can be delimited on both sides of the fending groyne to reduce the losses caused by floods and other attacks along the river;
• the base assembly structure is used to allow components fabricated on land and then the completed components can be transported to a predetermined location for assembly, thus making construction convenient; moreover, the base can reduce damage to the

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Citations (16)

• 2018
  • 2018-08-13 CN CN201821291761.7U patent/CN208701619U/zh active Active
• 2019
  • 2019-07-10 WO PCT/CN2019/095502 patent/WO2020034793A1/en active Application Filing

Patent Citations (16)

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